Breast CancerBreast Cancer

By:By:

Christen ScottChristen Scott

OutlineOutline

What is Breast CancerWhat is Breast Cancer Risk FactorsRisk Factors Types of Breast CancerTypes of Breast Cancer Breast Cancer GenesBreast Cancer Genes DetectionDetection TreatmentTreatment New IdeasNew Ideas

What is Breast CancerWhat is Breast Cancer

A disease in which abnormal cells A disease in which abnormal cells divide without control.divide without control.

Cancer can invade nearby tissues Cancer can invade nearby tissues and spread through the and spread through the bloodstream to lymphatic system bloodstream to lymphatic system and to other parts of the body.and to other parts of the body.

Statistics of Breast CancerStatistics of Breast Cancer

One in eight women will develop breast One in eight women will develop breast cancer at some point in their life.cancer at some point in their life.

Over 150,000 will be diagnosed and Over 150,000 will be diagnosed and nearly 40,000 will die a year.nearly 40,000 will die a year.

Breast cancer accounts for 29% of all Breast cancer accounts for 29% of all cancers in women.cancers in women.

Less than 1% of all breast cancer cases Less than 1% of all breast cancer cases occur in men.occur in men.

Risk Factors:Risk Factors:

Everyone is at risk of breast cancer; Everyone is at risk of breast cancer; even men.even men.

Strong family history or a personal Strong family history or a personal history of breast cancer.history of breast cancer.

Early menarche or late menopauseEarly menarche or late menopause First full pregnancy after the age 30.First full pregnancy after the age 30. Long-term estrogen therapyLong-term estrogen therapy

Types of Breast CancerTypes of Breast Cancer

Two most common types of breast Two most common types of breast cancer are:cancer are:

– Ductal CarcinomaDuctal Carcinoma

– Lobular CarcinomaLobular Carcinoma

Picture of the BreastPicture of the BreastCarcinoma in situ

Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma

Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma

Breast Cancer GenesBreast Cancer Genes

Breast Cancer Gene 1 (BRCA1), is Breast Cancer Gene 1 (BRCA1), is located on chromosome 17. located on chromosome 17.

The function of BRCA1 is to The function of BRCA1 is to suppress tumor growth, so women suppress tumor growth, so women with a mutation have about 80-with a mutation have about 80-85% chance of developing cancer85% chance of developing cancer

Breast Cancer GenesBreast Cancer Genes

BRCA2 is located on chromosome BRCA2 is located on chromosome 13, more closely linked to cancer 13, more closely linked to cancer in men. in men.

Men who have a mutated BRCA1 Men who have a mutated BRCA1 aren’t more likely to get breast aren’t more likely to get breast cancer but can pass it on to his cancer but can pass it on to his daughter.daughter.

Ways to Detect Breast Ways to Detect Breast CancerCancer

Early Detection is the key for cure.Early Detection is the key for cure.

Visible changesVisible changes

Self Breast ExamsSelf Breast Exams

MammogramsMammograms

Picture of MammogramPicture of Mammogram

TreatmentsTreatments

Type of treatment used varies on Type of treatment used varies on the type and stage of the disease the type and stage of the disease at diagnosisat diagnosis

ChemotherapyChemotherapy SurgerySurgery RadiationRadiation HerceptinHerceptin

ChemotherapyChemotherapy Usually used for patients with the risk of Usually used for patients with the risk of

metastases.metastases. Acts like an antibiotic; prevents cells from Acts like an antibiotic; prevents cells from

replicating DNA.replicating DNA. Can destroy cancer cells but also kill many Can destroy cancer cells but also kill many

normal healthy cells; this brings upon side normal healthy cells; this brings upon side effects.effects.

Some tumors are able to survive Some tumors are able to survive chemotherapy, similar to bacterial chemotherapy, similar to bacterial resistanceresistance

SurgerySurgery

Partial MastectomyPartial Mastectomy– Excision of the tumor and part of the Excision of the tumor and part of the

lymph node.lymph node.

Modified Radical MastectomyModified Radical Mastectomy– is the removal of the whole breast is the removal of the whole breast

plus the lymph nodeplus the lymph node

RadiationRadiation

Radiation is given for local tumor Radiation is given for local tumor control; usually after surgery.control; usually after surgery.

Can be applied before surgery to try Can be applied before surgery to try and shrink the tumor and make it and shrink the tumor and make it easier to operate.easier to operate.

Side effects- skin reactions, changes Side effects- skin reactions, changes in sensation,color and texture of the in sensation,color and texture of the skin, and breast swelling.skin, and breast swelling.

HerceptinHerceptin

Used for those that are predisposed to Used for those that are predisposed to breast cancer geneticallybreast cancer genetically

May be able to help one out of three May be able to help one out of three women with breast cancerwomen with breast cancer

Designed to treat those who are affected Designed to treat those who are affected with too many copies of HER-2/neu gene. with too many copies of HER-2/neu gene. (most likely to relapse)(most likely to relapse)

The herceptin antibody targets the The herceptin antibody targets the receptor.receptor.

New Ideas New Ideas

Conformal RadiationConformal Radiation Regional gene therapy using a Regional gene therapy using a

radiation-inducible generadiation-inducible gene A new drug called immunoliposomesA new drug called immunoliposomes Tamoxifen-type of treatment and Tamoxifen-type of treatment and

being used for preventive measurebeing used for preventive measure

Any Questions?Any Questions?