breaking the glass ceiling on nootropics & cognitive...
TRANSCRIPT
PA
GE
1
Dr Robert Corish
Global Scientific Ambassador amp Medical Advisor The AstaReal Group
Breaking the Glass Ceiling on Nootropics amp Cognitive Health
PA
GE
2
Neuroscience
Neuro - psychology psychiatry
Neuroimmunology
Neurogenomics proteomics metabolomicshellip
Neuropharmacology
Neuropathology
Behavioral - Neurology
PA
GE
3
Neuopathology Psychopathology
Anxiety depression mood disorders
Stress disorders ndash emotional work related PTSD
Addictions ndash chemical physical technology gaming
Cerebral vascular disease stroke
Cognitive impairment
Alzheimeracutes Dementia
Parkinsonacutes Huntingtonacutes ALS
PA
GE
4
Nootropics Evolution
Healthy Normal
Cognition
Rx
Pathology
(Disease)
Rx
Enhanced (Super
Cognition)
bullInsomnia
bullAnhedonia (lack of joy)
bullMood Disturbance
bullIrritability
bullPsychosis
Side Effects
PA
GE
5
ldquoSmart Drugsrdquo - Nootropics
PA
GE
6
PA
GE
7
Millennials Gen X Boomers
PA
GE
8
Nootropics (Drugs)
Ritalin ndash Methylphenidate ndash ADHD
Provigil - Modafanil ndash Narcolepsy
Adderall - Amphetamine ndash ADHD Narcolepsy
Aricept ndash Donepezil ndash AchE Inhibitor
Exelon ndash Rivastigmine ndash AchE Inhibitor
Namenda ndash Memantamine ndash NMDA blocker
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
2
Neuroscience
Neuro - psychology psychiatry
Neuroimmunology
Neurogenomics proteomics metabolomicshellip
Neuropharmacology
Neuropathology
Behavioral - Neurology
PA
GE
3
Neuopathology Psychopathology
Anxiety depression mood disorders
Stress disorders ndash emotional work related PTSD
Addictions ndash chemical physical technology gaming
Cerebral vascular disease stroke
Cognitive impairment
Alzheimeracutes Dementia
Parkinsonacutes Huntingtonacutes ALS
PA
GE
4
Nootropics Evolution
Healthy Normal
Cognition
Rx
Pathology
(Disease)
Rx
Enhanced (Super
Cognition)
bullInsomnia
bullAnhedonia (lack of joy)
bullMood Disturbance
bullIrritability
bullPsychosis
Side Effects
PA
GE
5
ldquoSmart Drugsrdquo - Nootropics
PA
GE
6
PA
GE
7
Millennials Gen X Boomers
PA
GE
8
Nootropics (Drugs)
Ritalin ndash Methylphenidate ndash ADHD
Provigil - Modafanil ndash Narcolepsy
Adderall - Amphetamine ndash ADHD Narcolepsy
Aricept ndash Donepezil ndash AchE Inhibitor
Exelon ndash Rivastigmine ndash AchE Inhibitor
Namenda ndash Memantamine ndash NMDA blocker
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
3
Neuopathology Psychopathology
Anxiety depression mood disorders
Stress disorders ndash emotional work related PTSD
Addictions ndash chemical physical technology gaming
Cerebral vascular disease stroke
Cognitive impairment
Alzheimeracutes Dementia
Parkinsonacutes Huntingtonacutes ALS
PA
GE
4
Nootropics Evolution
Healthy Normal
Cognition
Rx
Pathology
(Disease)
Rx
Enhanced (Super
Cognition)
bullInsomnia
bullAnhedonia (lack of joy)
bullMood Disturbance
bullIrritability
bullPsychosis
Side Effects
PA
GE
5
ldquoSmart Drugsrdquo - Nootropics
PA
GE
6
PA
GE
7
Millennials Gen X Boomers
PA
GE
8
Nootropics (Drugs)
Ritalin ndash Methylphenidate ndash ADHD
Provigil - Modafanil ndash Narcolepsy
Adderall - Amphetamine ndash ADHD Narcolepsy
Aricept ndash Donepezil ndash AchE Inhibitor
Exelon ndash Rivastigmine ndash AchE Inhibitor
Namenda ndash Memantamine ndash NMDA blocker
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
4
Nootropics Evolution
Healthy Normal
Cognition
Rx
Pathology
(Disease)
Rx
Enhanced (Super
Cognition)
bullInsomnia
bullAnhedonia (lack of joy)
bullMood Disturbance
bullIrritability
bullPsychosis
Side Effects
PA
GE
5
ldquoSmart Drugsrdquo - Nootropics
PA
GE
6
PA
GE
7
Millennials Gen X Boomers
PA
GE
8
Nootropics (Drugs)
Ritalin ndash Methylphenidate ndash ADHD
Provigil - Modafanil ndash Narcolepsy
Adderall - Amphetamine ndash ADHD Narcolepsy
Aricept ndash Donepezil ndash AchE Inhibitor
Exelon ndash Rivastigmine ndash AchE Inhibitor
Namenda ndash Memantamine ndash NMDA blocker
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
5
ldquoSmart Drugsrdquo - Nootropics
PA
GE
6
PA
GE
7
Millennials Gen X Boomers
PA
GE
8
Nootropics (Drugs)
Ritalin ndash Methylphenidate ndash ADHD
Provigil - Modafanil ndash Narcolepsy
Adderall - Amphetamine ndash ADHD Narcolepsy
Aricept ndash Donepezil ndash AchE Inhibitor
Exelon ndash Rivastigmine ndash AchE Inhibitor
Namenda ndash Memantamine ndash NMDA blocker
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
6
PA
GE
7
Millennials Gen X Boomers
PA
GE
8
Nootropics (Drugs)
Ritalin ndash Methylphenidate ndash ADHD
Provigil - Modafanil ndash Narcolepsy
Adderall - Amphetamine ndash ADHD Narcolepsy
Aricept ndash Donepezil ndash AchE Inhibitor
Exelon ndash Rivastigmine ndash AchE Inhibitor
Namenda ndash Memantamine ndash NMDA blocker
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
7
Millennials Gen X Boomers
PA
GE
8
Nootropics (Drugs)
Ritalin ndash Methylphenidate ndash ADHD
Provigil - Modafanil ndash Narcolepsy
Adderall - Amphetamine ndash ADHD Narcolepsy
Aricept ndash Donepezil ndash AchE Inhibitor
Exelon ndash Rivastigmine ndash AchE Inhibitor
Namenda ndash Memantamine ndash NMDA blocker
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
8
Nootropics (Drugs)
Ritalin ndash Methylphenidate ndash ADHD
Provigil - Modafanil ndash Narcolepsy
Adderall - Amphetamine ndash ADHD Narcolepsy
Aricept ndash Donepezil ndash AchE Inhibitor
Exelon ndash Rivastigmine ndash AchE Inhibitor
Namenda ndash Memantamine ndash NMDA blocker
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
9
Nootropics (Supplements)
Astaxanthin - Carotenoid
DHA (Omega-3)
Curcumin ndash (Turmeric) Polyphenol
Citicoline ndash CDP- choline
L- Theanine ndash Amino acid
Ginkgo Biloba - Diterpenoid -trilactone
Hupericine A - Alkaloid
Vinpocetine - Alkaloid
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
10
Fatigue lowering by Astaxanthin supplementation Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
Subdivision of mental and physical fatigue
After Week 8 +
Lower better
uarr
darr Worse
Am
ount
of
change fr
om
st
art
0
+plt01 and plt005
Thinking speed Concentration
Placebo Astaxanthin
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
11
Anterior half (15 min)
Latter half (15 min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Placebo
Mental Fatigue Reduction
The Astaxanthin group demonstrated greater mental endurance and results vs placebo
Errors during the continuous
calculating task
0
1
2
3
4
5
Placebo Astaxanthin
plt005
Ax
Placebo experienced significant increase in errors during the latter half darr
Journal of Clinical Therapeutics amp Medicines 327 (2016) 277-91
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
12
Conclusions
As of todayhellipthe evidence suggests that ldquoNootropicsrdquo increase attention and focus but there is insufficient amp compelling data to make claims of enhanced cognition more long term studies of safety and efficacy required
However there is growing evidence demonstrating risk reduction amp prevention from cognitive decline and degenerative pathologies Research continues to emerge with irrefutable data demonstrating benefits
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
13
Exercise
Increase BDNF
IncreasesPreserves Hippocampus volume
Improves Memory
Increase Mitochondria Biogenesis
Reduces Inflammation
Improves Insulin sensitivity
Increases Neuronal connectivity (plasticity)
Resists Neuro-degeneration
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
14
Exercise Diversity
bull Aerobic
bull Resistance
bull Motor Coordination
bull Sports
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
15
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15108(7)3017-22 Erickson KI et al
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
16
Caloric Restriction ndash Intermittent Fasting
Increase BDNF
Promotes Ketosis
Reduces Amyloid Beta accumulation
Increase Adiponectin
Stimulates Sirtuins
Promotes DNA repair
Reduces Oxidative Stress (inflammation)
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
17
Brain Activity
bull Languages
bull Lumosity
bull Fluid intelligence
bull Neurobics
bull Social Interaction
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
18
Race to the Future
Genotyping
Pharmaco-genomics
Nutragenomics
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Neuroprosthesis (Cyber kinetics)
BCI ( AI Brain Computer interface) BMISL Berkley
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
19
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
20
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
21
Finding the Right Balance
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna
PA
GE
22
Thank You
ldquoThe Hallmarks of Agingrdquo Cell 2013 June 6 153(6) 1194ndash1217 Carlos Loacutepez-Otiacuten Maria A Blasco5 Prescription Stimulants Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control Working Memory and Episodic Memory A Meta-analysis J Cogn Neurosci 1ndash21 Ilieva IP Hook CJ Farah MJ (January 2015)
ldquoThe Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 77 (11) 940ndash950 Spencer RC Devilbiss DM Berridge CW (June 2015) ldquoImprovements in Attention and Decision-Making Following Combined Behavioral Training and Brain Stimulationrdquo Cereb Cortex 2016 Jul 19 Filmer HL1 Varghese E1 Hawkins GE2 Mattingley JB3
ldquoBrain stimulation mathematical and numerical training Contribution of core and noncore skillsrdquo Prog Brain Res 2016227353-88Looi CY1 Cohen Kadosh R
ldquoUncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitionrdquo Trends in Cognitive Sciences September 2011 Vol 15 No 9 Trevor W Robbins1 and Stavroula Kousta
ldquoCombined omega-3 fatty acids aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal parietal and cingulate cortex in
patients with mild cognitive impairmentrdquo Neuroimage 2016 May 1131226-38Koumlbe T1 Witte AV2 Schnelle A3 Lesemann A3 Fabian S3 Tesky VA4 Pantel J4 Floumlel A
ldquoThe Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) StudymdashResistance Training andor Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment A Randomized Double-Blind Double-Sham Controlled Trialrdquo J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Dec15(12)873-80Maria A Fiatarone Singh (Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months)
ldquoAssociation between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairmentrdquo Nutr J 2014 Dec 1713(1)118Kim H Kim G Jang
W Kim SY Chang N1
ldquoCerefolin-NAC Therapy of Hyper-homocysteinemia Delays Cortical and White Matter Atrophy in Alzheimers Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseaserdquo J Alzheimerrsquos Dis 2016 Oct 454(3)1073-1084 Shankle WR1234 Hara J12 Barrentine LW5 Curole MV (CFLN was associated with significantly slowed hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates in ADRD patients with HHcy and forebrain parenchymal
atrophy rates in CVD patients with HHcy) ldquoSarcopenia as a Predictor of Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Adultsrdquo J Nutr Health Aging 201620(5)496-502 Moon JH1 Moon JH Kim KM Choi SH Lim S
Park KS Kim KW Jang HC ldquoNot only cardiovascular but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adultsrdquo Frontiers Aging Neurosci ldquo 2014 6 170 ldquoNeuroinflammation negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition can exercise compensaterdquo 2 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016 Feb61121-31 Ryan SM1 Nolan YM
ldquoA Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi- System Regeneration Enhanced Cognitive Performance and Healthspanrdquo 2015 Cell Metabolism 22 86ndash99 Brandhorst et al ldquo Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neuronsrdquo J Neurophysiol 2016 Nov 1116(5)2043-2055 Chung BY1 Bignell W1
Thank You
ldquoExamining the potential clinical value of curcumin in the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimerrsquos diseaserdquo Br J Nutr Volume 115 Issue 3 February 2016 pp
449-465 K G Goozee (a1) (a2) (a3) T M Shah (a2) (a4) H R Sohrabi (a2) (a4) S R Rainey-Smith
ldquoAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesrdquo Br J Nutr 2011 Jun105(111563-71Nakagawa K1 Kiko T Miyazawa
T Carpentero Burdeos G Kimura F Satoh A Miyazawa T
ldquoThe role of citicoline in cognitive impairment pharmacological characteristics possible advantages and doubts for an old drug with new perspectivesrdquo Clin Interv Aging 2015 10 1421ndash1429 Pietro Gareri
1 Alberto Castagna