BREAD MOULD LAB REPORT

A fungus (plural fungi) is a member of a large of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeast and mold, as well as more familiar mushrooms. It is a stationary, heterotrophic eukaryotic organism whose cell walls contain chitin. The basic structural unit that makes up the body of the multicellular fungus are called hyphae. In a mushroom, the hyphae are densely packed in tight mass and difficult to see as separate structures. The bulk of the organism is in the form of a branching network called mycelium (plural mycelia). Mycelia live in soil and other nutritious substances, such as living, dying, or dead wood and animal bodies. The part of the fungus that you see above the ground is the reproductive structure which is called a fruiting body.Most animal consume food and then digest it. Fungi do the opposite, they release the enzymes that breakdown food externally. Many fungi have both asexual and sexual methods of reproduction. Asexual reproduction in fungi can be by spore production by mitosis. Some unicellular yeasts use budding. This involves a smaller cell that develops while attached to the parent cell. The smaller cell is eventually pinched off of the parent cell to produce a new individual. In sexual reproduction of a fungus, it consists of two nuclei in specialized hyphae fuse. It grows into mushroom and sexually produced spores that formed on the inside of the gills. When the spore matures, the mushroom opens up and releases its spores to the wind with up to 2 billion mushroom. Each spore grows into a genetically different mycelium that carries either positive or negative information. However, there are also importance of fungus, it can be used as decomposers that recycles dead organisms that can fertilized the soil and also use for breaking down toxic waste. Some species produce antibiotics like Penicillium to fight against bacterial infection. Fungi are also a food source like mushrooms- a source of vitamin D and it also use for making blue cheeses. Yeast is commercially used to make bread, beer and wine.PROBLEM1. To observe how bread mold grows.2. To observe the faster growth of mold in a different conditions of bread: a. Bread sprayed with waterb. Bread sprayed with white wineHYPHOTHESISSince white wine is also a product of fungi, this will permit more molds into the bread.PROCEDURE1. Sliced of bread: the crust was removed.2. The bread was cut into two pieces (not necessarily equal, but formed like a square).3. The small slices were sprayed with water and the other were sprayed with white wine.4. The two pairs of sliced bread were separated into transparent plastic bags and sealed (1 bag per pair), to easily observe the growth of mold.5. It was placed into a box and placed in a 30-35 degree Celsius environment.DATATable 1.1: Slice 1 Sprayed with WaterDATEAprilNumber ofspotsDESCRIPTION

Slice 1

StructureColorLocationDiameter

20th0No changeNo changeNonenone

21st0No changeNo changeNonenone

22nd0No changeNo changeNonenone

23rd2Fine hair-likewhiteOne spot at the middle

White hair 0.2cmMeasured at the middle

24th3Fine hair-likeBlack, surrounded with whiteOne spot at the middleBlock hair 0.1 White hair 0.5cm

25th4Fine hair-likeBlack, surrounded with white The same spotBlock hair 0.6cmWhite hair 1.4cm

26th5Fine hair-likeBlack, surrounded with whiteThe same spotBlock hair 1cm White hair 1.6cm

27th6Fine hair-likeBlack, surrounded with whiteThe same spotBlock hair 1.5cmWhite hair 2.0cm

28th7Fine hair-likeBlack hair biggerWhite hair goneThe same spotBlock hair 2.5 cmWhite hair gone

298Fine hair likeBlack hair biggerWhite hair goneThe same spotBlock hair 3.3

30Fine hair-likeBlock hair, with the edges of yellow colorThe same spotBlock hair3.3cm

31Fine hair-likeBlock hair, with the edges of yellow colorThe same spotBlock hair 3.5

1Fine hair-likeBlock hair, with the edges of yellowThe same spotBlock hair 3.4cm

2Fine hair-likeBlock hair, with the edges of yellow colorThe same spot4.00cm

Table 1: Slice 2, Sprayed with WaterTable 2: Two Slices Spayed with White WineDATESAprilNumber of SpotsDESCRIPTION(slice 1 and 2)

20NO CHANGES AT ALL

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

RESULTSBased on the table 1.1: Slice 1 Sprayed with Water, form the 20 of April to the 23, there were no changes appeared on the bread, but on the 24 of February, there is 1 spots that are white, fine hair-like in structure, the spot is located on the middle of the bread with 0.2 cm in diameter, measured with the ruler. On the 25of April, the spots turned to black, surrounded with white hair-like structure w 1 cm in diameter, measured with the ruler and the 2nd spot was located on the 2nd face of the bread on the lower right with now 0.6 cm in diameter, measured with the ruler and the added spot was on the lower right with 0.5 cm. on the 23rd of February, 1 spot grew again located on the 1st face of the bread on the upper left with 0.3 cm.Based on the Table 1.2: Slice 2 Sprayed with Water, , form the 14th of February to the 20th, there were no changes appeared on the bread, but on the 21st of February, there was spot that is white, fine hair-like in structure, with 0.7 cm on the lower left part of the bread. On the 22nd, the spot turned into black and surrounded with white hair-like structure and it grew up to 1.7 cm on the same location. On the 23rd, there was no new changes appeared.Based on the table 2:Bread of Two Slices Sprayed with White Wine, there were no changes occurred at all from the 14th of February to the 23rd. Comparing all the tables, it shows that bread mold grew faster on the sliced of bread sprayed with water than the one sprayed with white wine. Water permits the growth of mold because mold has to have moisture in order to grow and because it was sealed the moisture didnt evaporate. Therefore the moisture is a great factor that contributes the fast growing of mold. On the other hand, White wine, even though it is a product of fungi, it still contained some preservatives in it like sulfur oxide and ascorbic acid to ensure that wine remains stable and taste clean, fresh and palatable for its entire lifetime and these preservatives are substances that may be added to wine as a protection against oxidation and bacterial spoilage.

CONCLUSIONTherefore, based on the experiment done, the growth of bread mold was well observed from its first day of growth 24st of February until the may 2rd which is the last day of observation. It was then proven that mold will grow up faster with the presence of moisture of the bread sprayed with water than the one sprayed with wine. The moisture contributes a fast growth of mold while the preservatives in the wine inhibit the growth of molds into the bread. So, to prevent food from mold, it would be better to keep it out or away from a moisture area that will permit the possible growing of molds. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, some molds cause allergic reactions and respiratory problems. A few molds, in the right conditions produce mycotoxins, poisonous substances that can make people sick if ever mold was eaten. It is advisable then not to eat moldy food for the assurance of a healthy diet.