1. Kojo Amanor Brazil and African Agriculture 2. Origins of Brazilian South-South Cooperation Early 1980s - World recession Influence of NIEO and Buenos Aries Action Plan on south relations Diversify export oriented manufacturing, improve balance of payments and prevent takeover by US firms Gain new sources of oil from Nigeria and Angola emphasised tropicalised manufacture and joint ventures Opening of African economies - Brazilian companies play significant role in construction, mining and petroleum industries. In Agriculture main influences: Social protection, agricultural mechanisation, research services, less significant is private sector production 3. Expansion of agribusiness Currently 40 percent of exports and over 30% of GDP provided by agribusiness Some of largest agribusiness firms in world originate in Brazil 20 firms have annual sales over US $1 billion Citrovita the largest juice processor in the world has orchards in Brazil and the US, and JBL, the largest beef processor in the world has acquired companies and shares in companies in Argentina, US, Australia and Europe Brazilian agribusiness can compete in many markets, like many large agribusiness reluctant to invest in Africa since lack of infrastructure, high risk Therefore rhetoric of suitability of Brazilian technology to African conditions not matched by investments. 4. Agribusiness and family farming Social protection programmes associated with agriculture have lifted 5 million people out of poverty one percent of farms produce over half of agricultural GNP while three million farms (66% of the total) generate 3.3% of income 70% agricultural output from Cerrado 1913-14 agricultural budget Total 133 billion reales 115 billion reales for agribusiness 18 billion reales for family farming Much of investment in family farming supports purchase of machinery to modernise agriculture and serves as a stimulus for agribusiness. 5. Social Protection and More Food Social protection programmes directly link Brazilian agribusiness to international development. Brazil has drawn from international social protection programmes and been instrumental in sharing its experiences elsewhere (Haiti and several African countries) often through trilateral programmes with FAO and DFID. This has served as a basis for the More Food International programme, which provides bilateral credits for agricultural machinery for family farming and to promote genetic improvement in crops in Ghana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Senegal, and Kenya. However recipient countries often have alternative narratives in which they fit Brazilian 6. Research Embrapa established an office in Accra in 2010 Liaises with Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), AGRA, USAID, DFID, IFAD, FAO African Technological Innovation Marketplace sponsors joint research between African and Brazilian researchers on genetic resources, irrigation and water conservation technologies, aquaphonic systems, harvesting technologies, rangeland management, feed, etc Cotton 4 Brazilian cotton varieties and management techniques (Benin, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad) Rice varieties and technologies with Senegal Rice Research Institute. 7. Private sector In spite of many stories about large-scale Brazilian investments in ethanol and sugar, few of these projects have materialised. Example of private sector company. The Brazil Agro Business Group in Volta Region, Ghana Engages in rice production introducing innovations from southern Brazil Problems with land, disputes with communities, problems in acquiring good quality seed, high cost of machinery and inputs and problems with acquiring spare parts. 8. Conclusion Constraints within African markets likely to result in focus on developing seeds and input markets and food processing and marketing, rather than investments in large scale production. Minimise risk by engaging in trilateral partnerships in which Brazil focuses on contracting out its technical skills, while building up familiarity with the institutional and physical environments Noticeable absence of partnerships with other rising powers who also advocate South-South cooperation. Brazilian agricultural development likely to conform to and build upon mainstream agribusiness developments through joint ventures, rather than charting a radically different course, which cautiously contributes to the development of an agricultural infrastructure that facilitates agribusiness.