UNODC PROGRAMME IN BRAZIL AND SUBREGIONAL PROJECTS: BASIC FACTS

JANUARY 2005

BRASIL

AFRICA

EURO

PE

US

A

BRAZIL

PROJECT EXPENDITURES IN BRAZIL 1 9 9 0-2 0 0 4*(TOTAL US$ 79,000 ,890)

11,375, 865

13,149, 568

8,789, 288

11,310, 829

4,937, 512

3, 481, 7372, 419,909

1, 388,912

3, 130,171

1,021, 675

710, 804579, 491

450,377

5, 702,919

10,551, 836

0

2, 000, 000

4, 000, 000

6, 000, 000

8, 000, 000

10, 000, 000

12, 000, 000

14, 000, 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

US

DO

LL

AR

S

* 2004 expenditures are estimated .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. UNODC Programme in Brazil and Subregional Projects, Overview ................. 1

2. Summary of Ongoing Activities ......................................................................... 3

3. Table: Ongoing Programme in Brazil and the South Cone Countries ............... 6

4. Chart: Project Expenditures in Brazil 1990-2004 (by year) .............................. 7

5. Chart: Project Expenditures in South Cone Countries 1990-2004 (by year) ...... 8

6. Chart: Contributions to UNODC Ongoing Projects in Brazil ........................... 9

7. Chart: Contributions to UNODC Ongoing Projects in South Cone Countries .. 10

8. Featured article: Forging Partnerships to Fight HIV/AIDS .............................. 11

9. Staff of the Latin America and the Caribbean Programme of the UNODC Offices in Vienna and Brazil ............................................................... 12

Situation analysis Brazil is a major gateway to world markets of illicit drugs produced in the Andean region—especially cocaine. The extensive borders of the country with the drug-producing countries (as well as its vast river, air and road systems) offer numerous smuggling routes for drugs and pre-cursors. Nevertheless, the Government has taken measures to increase significantly drug law enforcement along its borders. It works closely with neighbouring governments. Brazil produces several of the 23 precursors un-der international control. Drug-related violence is a particularly serious national challenge. In this regard, the Brazilian Government is address-ing this issue under a National Security Plan. Drug abuse is growing in Brazil, and there is great local demand for crack cocaine and coca paste. Regarding the Southern Cone region, Argentina and Chile are also used for transshipment of drugs – but to a much lesser extent. The main problem in these countries is abuse, posting the highest cocaine abuse rates in the region. There is also a growing trend in HIV/AIDS infections among intravenous drug users. The proportion of HIV/AIDS resulting from drug abuse is esti-mated to be 42 per cent of all cases in Argentina, 33 per cent in Uruguay and 10 per cent in Para-guay. In sharp contrast, the same proportion in Brazil has fallen from 34.4 per cent in 1991 to 14 per cent in 2000. This decrease is due to the vigorous implementation of a nationwide HIV/AIDS prevention programme that has attracted world attention.

Objective To support the Government of Brazil in the im-plementation of effective policies in drug law enforcement and drug abuse prevention. To sup-port the governments and relevant NGOs in Ar-gentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay in the im-plementation of subregional programmes aimed at developing sound drug abuse information sys-tems and HIV/AIDS prevention policies. Strategy The UNODC programme for Brazil and South Cone countries was elaborated with the respec-tive governments, and is based on agreed prior i-ties. In Brazil, the programme focuses on three thematic areas: (1) strengthening law enforce-ment agencies; (2) HIV/AIDS prevention; and (3) anti-trafficking in human beings. Projects in Brazil receive over 90 per cent of their funding directly from the Brazilian Government. When promoting intravenous HIV/AIDS prevention in other countries, UNODC makes extensive use of best practices developed in Brazil over the past years under UNODC projects. The US$ 23 million Brazil law enforcement pro-gramme was developed with the relevant law enforcement agencies. It aims at strengthening the national security forces, including a national security information system and a precursor con-trol system. Most of the activities under the law enforcement programme were scheduled to be completed by the end of 2001. However, due to

UNODC PROGRAMME IN BRAZIL AND SUBREGIONAL PROJECTS

OVERVIEW

Mobilization activities among youngsters

1

Health worker collecting used syringes as part of mu-nicipal prevention programme in southern Brazil

institutional reforms and the adoption of the Na-tional Security Plan, the programme was revised and extended. The nationwide HIV/AIDS prevention programme in Brazil has been extending, including a new pro-ject in drug abuse, HIV/AIDS and STD prevention. UNODC will continue playing a coordinating role within the UNAIDS Thematic Group. The pro-gramme will assist in coordinating national HIV/AIDS prevention activities. It will also ensure that relevant drug-related mandates emanating from UNAIDS and from the UN General Assembly Spe-cial Session on HIV/AIDS are considered. Regarding subregional cooperation for harmonized drug abuse information systems in South Cone countries, UNODC co-funds a school survey and related expert group meetings in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. Based on the experience of the Bra-zilian national HIV/AIDS prevention programme, and under the umbrella of the UNAIDS Thematic Group on HIV/AIDS in Brazil, a project was devel-oped for Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. The project brings together Government and rele-vant NGOs. It aims at promoting a common ap-proach on HIV/AIDS prevention among participat-ing countries. The subregional project is funded by UNAIDS. A project to strengthen municipal drug abuse and HIV/AIDS prevention programmes in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay is also un-derway.

A project to address trafficking in human beings is ongoing, aimed at: developing a comprehensive situation analysis and database; assisting in policy planning; and strengthening institutional capacities to help investigate and prosecute offenders. UNODC will continue participating in the finaliza-tion of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) in the subregion. The UNODC programme will be subject to all re-quired programme and project monitoring and evaluation exercises. During 2005, evaluations are planned for the four law enforcement projects. The activities of the UNODC Regional Office in Brazil are grounded in the objectives of the 1998 Special Session of the General Assembly Devoted to Countering the World Drug Problem Together (UNGASS).

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BUDGET: ONGOING PROJECTS IN BRAZILAND SOUTH CONE COUNTRIES

(TOTAL US$ 86,021,600)71.1%

28.4%

0.5%

Prevention and reduction of drug abuse Advocacy Suppression of illicit drug trafficking Crime prevention

PROJECT EXPENDITURES IN BRAZIL AND SOUTH CONE COUNTRIES 1990-2004*

(TOTAL US$ 80,615,775)

78.2% 21.4%

0.1%

0.3%

*2004 expenditures are estimated .

2005 ALLOCATIONS FOR ONGOING PROJECTS IN BRAZIL AND SOUTH CONE COUNTRIES

(TOTAL US$ 7,505,040)

2.8% 47.1%

50.1%Prevention and reduction of drug abuseSuppression of illicit drug traffickingCrime prevention

SUMMARY OF ONGOING ACTIVITIES

UNODC implements in Brazil and South Cone countries a budget of US$ 86 million in three the-matic areas, listed below. 1. PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF DRUG ABUSE

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Drug abuse and AIDS prevention (US$ 46,067,000)

♦ To reduce the incidence of STD/AIDS and other diseases of blood-related transmission among vulnerable populations, with special emphasis on the prevention of drug abuse.

♦ Children and adolescents are reached through information, communication and education activities.

♦ Drug users are reached through prevention programmes.

♦ Prison populations are reached through state programmes.

♦ Civil society reference networks for preven-tion and health care services are strengthened.

♦ Study is conducted to determine risk behav-iour and HIV prevalence rate among intrave-nous drug users, and on HIV/AIDS awareness.

Distribution of information on prevention to a group of youngsters

Inventory of projects to prevent HIV/AIDS related to drug use in Latin America (US$ 31,800)

To produce an inventory of harm reduction actions carried out by governmental and non-governmental or-ganizations in Latin America and Caribbean. The project uses strategies such as outreach work, substitu-tion therapies, HIV/AIDS and drug treatment and care. The inventory includes the description of services rendered and coverage, as well as number of drug users and intravenous drug users enrolled. It identifies existing support of local communities, including addresses of projects and persons responsible.

Drug abuse, HIV/AIDS and STD prevention project (US$ 12,180,000)

To contribute to governmental efforts to reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS, other STDs and drug abuse. → To foster improvements in the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. This project is the third

phase of a project initiated in 1994 with the Brazilian Government on drug abuse prevention in Brazil "Drug Abuse and AIDS Prevention Project.".

→ To expand the coverage and improve the quality of governmental and community interventions, re-flecting the changes observed in the profile of the epidemic.

→ The project is guided by national government priorities to reduce inequalities and to combat poverty and violence.

→ The project proposes a strategy to foster the inclusion of social groups vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and to the use of drugs.

→ Prevention strategies specifically targeting women are planned. Special attention will be given to high-risk groups — such as sex workers, people of low-income, adolescents, drug users, and pregnant women.

MOU Southern Cone subregional drug abuse information system (US$ 1,777,100)

♦ To consolidate the unified subregional Drug Abuse Information System in the member countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Uruguay) of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Southern Cone.

♦ To strengthen the capacity of each respective MOU country to collect, systematize and publish updated, appropriate, valid and reliable infor-mation on drug abuse through the information system.

♦ National survey carried out on drug abuse among the general urban population among all five countries. A first unified study on drug abuse among the school population carried out.

♦ Expert meetings held.

Expert meeting of the MOU subregional drug information

system

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♦ The National Police Academy in Brazil is modernized.

♦ New equipment such as computers, televisions, VCRs and overhead projectors are purchased.

♦ Pedagogical materials and courses are designed and mod-ernized. Police have received training in foreign lan-guages, computer and statistical skills, and have received human resources training.

♦ New teaching methods, such as a web-based training sys-tem, are under development.

2. SUPPRESSION OF ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING Institutional strengthening of the National Police Academy (US$ 5,875,000)

Drug abuse and HIV prevention in the Southern Cone (US$ 614,100)

♦ To foster a broader response to the problem of HIV/AIDS associated with drug use in the South Cone countries.

♦ The project will fund a series of activities in the fields of:

→ Prevention and care for drug users and vulnerable populations.

→ Awareness-raising for the public in general as well as for specific groups.

→ Research in the five countries under a common approach developed together with governmental institutions, NGOs, UNAIDS and UNODC.

Strengthening municipal drug abuse and HIV/AIDS prevention programmes in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay (US$ 480,000)

→ To strengthen governmental structures at the municipal level.

→ To provide better health services, specifically designed for the affected population.

→ Services will be designed to meet the needs of groups facing social exclusion within the community and the network of public health services.

→ The project is also aimed at fostering integration of actions between governmental and non-governmental organizations. These will follow the guidelines established in the “Position of the United Nations to prevent the transmission of HIV among drug users” launched during UNGASS in 2001.

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♦ Support the Ministry of Justice in expanding the “Integrated Na-tional System for Information on Justice and Public Security (INFOSEG).

♦ Develop and install a computerized information system for regis-

tration and cross referencing of criminals in all states of Brazil. The system being connected with the information system of MER-COSUR and of neighbouring countries to share information on drug trafficking and other transnational crimes. Police are trained in new approaches to

the drug problem

Integrated national system for information on justice and public security—INFOSEG (US$ 5,871,600)

Strengthening chemical precursor control (US$ 10,000,000) ♦ To create the institutional capacity and organizational structures for effec-

tive decentralized chemical precursor control in Brazil.

♦ Computerized precursor control system connecting police units and su-perintendents being developed.

♦ National and international training programmes conducted on: chemical precursor identification for laboratory personnel; legal aspects of control of chemicals; and integral training for Federal Police personnel.

♦ Technological equipment improved for the smooth implementation of chemical precursor control.

♦ National and international control capacities improved through coordina-tion and information exchange within Brazil and neighbouring countries.

Chemical precursor control, in partnership with the Drug Enforcement Division of the Federal Police, controlling containers in port areas.

3. CRIME PREVENTION Measures to combat trafficking in human beings (US$ 400,000) ♦ To enhance the existing mechanisms against the trafficking in human beings through situation analy-

sis, increasing investigation and prosecution capacities, training of the personnel of the organizations involved and fostering awareness campaigns.

♦ To assist the Government of Brazil in enhancing its responses to counteract trafficking in persons in the country.

→ To develop a comprehensive situation analysis as an input for policy planning and elaboration. → To strengthen the institutional capacity to develop investigation and prosecution methods. → To create a mechanism of collection, analysis and dissemination of data on trafficking in hu-

man beings. → Coordination and collaboration for better application of mutual legal assistance agreements.

Training for public security professionals (US$ 2,725,000)

♦ A modern state police training programme formulated — includ-ing required technological equipment, curricula, teaching and in-structors´ materials and aids.

♦ Teaching materials developed and distributed for all courses and academies, including videos.

♦ Distance training that will include an assessment of international experiences in Latin American countries being formulated.

♦ Some 193 training courses have been delivered so far. Over 8,700 officers have been trained.

The federal police patrols with motor-boats to control drug-related violence

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STAFF OF THE LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN PROGRAMME OF THE UNODC OFFICES IN VIENNA AND BRAZIL

UNODC, VIENNA LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN PROGRAMME Ms. Cristina Albertin, Chief Mr. Cesar Guedes-Ferreyros, Programme Manager Ms. Stefanie Eichhorn, Programme Manager Ms. Estell Osten, Programme Manager Ms. Dunya Torruella de Starzer, Technical Cooperation Assistant E-Mail: cristina.albertin@unodc.org Tel: 43 1 26060 4318 Fax: 43 1 26060 5866 UNODC REGIONAL OFFICE, BRAZIL Mr. Giovanni Quaglia, UNODC Representative Ms. Cintia Barcellos Viga de Freitas, National Programme Officer Mr. Reiner Pungs, National Programme Officer Ms. Gisele Cabral, Programme Assistant Ms. Nara Araújo, Project Assistant Ms. Eunice Rea, Project Assistant Ms. Sandra Faria, Administration/Finance Ms. Tánia Peixoto, Bilingual Secretary Mr. Rosan Maciel, Driver E-Mail: unodc.brasil@unodc.org Tel: (55-61) 321-1377 Fax: (55-61) 323-1381

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The staff of the UNODC Regional Office in Brazil