brain scanning techniques a look inside the brain
TRANSCRIPT
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Brain Scanning Techniques
Brain Scanning Techniques
A look inside the BrainA look inside the Brain
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Neurology is a very new part of Psychology.
Neuroscientists must use many specialized techniques to look into the brain.
Neurology is a very new part of Psychology.
Neuroscientists must use many specialized techniques to look into the brain.
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Ways to Look Inside the Brain
Ways to Look Inside the Brain
Electric RecordingsLesioningElectrical Stimulation of the BrainBrain-Imaging Procedures
CT ScanPET ScanMRI ScanfMRI Scan
Electric RecordingsLesioningElectrical Stimulation of the BrainBrain-Imaging Procedures
CT ScanPET ScanMRI ScanfMRI Scan
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Electrical RecordingsElectrical Recordings
Recordings of the electrical activity in the brain
Electroencephalograph (EEG) -a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalpIdentifies patterns of activity
Recordings of the electrical activity in the brain
Electroencephalograph (EEG) -a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalpIdentifies patterns of activity
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EEG HookupEEG Hookup
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EEG ReadingsEEG Readings
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LesioningLesioning
Involves destroying a piece of the brain
Done by inserting an electrode into a brain structure and by using a high-frequency electric current through it to burn the tissue
Involves destroying a piece of the brain
Done by inserting an electrode into a brain structure and by using a high-frequency electric current through it to burn the tissue
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Electrical Stimulation Electrical Stimulation
Involves sending a weak electrical current into a brain structure to activate it
Most of this type of research is done with animals, however, recently it has been done on humans for medical purposes
Involves sending a weak electrical current into a brain structure to activate it
Most of this type of research is done with animals, however, recently it has been done on humans for medical purposes
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Brain-Imaging ProceduresBrain-Imaging Procedures
These are the newest and most useful techniques in brain exploration
Have led to spectacular advances in science
We can now look at not only the STRUCTURE but also the FUNCTION of the parts of the brain
These are the newest and most useful techniques in brain exploration
Have led to spectacular advances in science
We can now look at not only the STRUCTURE but also the FUNCTION of the parts of the brain
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CT ScansCT Scans
Stands for Computerized Tomography
Computer-enhanced X-ray
Shot from many angles
Stands for Computerized Tomography
Computer-enhanced X-ray
Shot from many angles
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CT Scan Migraine Headache
CT Scan Migraine Headache
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PET ScansPET Scans
Positron Emission TomographyThis kind of imaging explores the
function and maps actual activity in the brain
Done by injecting radioactive chemicals into body - serving as a marker for blood flow in the brain
Positron Emission TomographyThis kind of imaging explores the
function and maps actual activity in the brain
Done by injecting radioactive chemicals into body - serving as a marker for blood flow in the brain
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Examples of PET ScansExamples of PET Scans
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MRI ScanMRI Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computerized enhancement to map out brain structure
Provide much better images than CT Scans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computerized enhancement to map out brain structure
Provide much better images than CT Scans
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MRI Normal BrainMRI Normal Brain
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CT vs. MRICT vs. MRI
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fMRI ScansfMRI Scans
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Several new variations to MRI scansMonitor blood and oxygen flow in the
brain to identify areas of high activityFunctional and structural information
in the same imageRed/Orange - High ActivityBlue/Black - Low Activity
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Several new variations to MRI scansMonitor blood and oxygen flow in the
brain to identify areas of high activityFunctional and structural information
in the same imageRed/Orange - High ActivityBlue/Black - Low Activity
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fMRI Scan ExamplesfMRI Scan Examples
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Examples of Brain Scans from Real People
Examples of Brain Scans from Real People
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Normal BrainNormal Brain
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Normal Aging - 76 yr. oldNormal Aging - 76 yr. old
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Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Chronic Subdural Hematoma
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Chronic Subdural Hematoma Function
Chronic Subdural Hematoma Function
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Glioma (Low Grade Brain Tumor)
Glioma (Low Grade Brain Tumor)
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Glioma FunctionGlioma Function
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Metastatic Adenocarcinoma
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma
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Cerebral HemorrhageCerebral Hemorrhage
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Fatal StrokeFatal Stroke
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MALIGNANT (WHO Grade 3 of 3)
OLIGODENDROGLIOMA
MALIGNANT (WHO Grade 3 of 3)
OLIGODENDROGLIOMA
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This teenager presented to an Emergency Department with progressive headaches, vomiting, and memory impairment. A. MRI scan of the brain showed a very large and
infiltrative brain tumor (T; white and grey areas in red circle) located in the "dominant" temporal lobe, with considerable brain swelling (oedema). It was causing life-threatening compression of the brainstem (green arrow head). The mass encroaches upon regions serving memory & learning, hearing and language, field of vision, and limb movement,
B. The boy's preoperative imaging included MR tractography, in order to assess the proximity of the tumor to his critical "limb movement" and "visual field" pathways deep within the brain.
C. The boy was taken to the operating room, and while awake and comfortable ("awake craniotomy"), the tumor (T) was nearly totally removed while his language and movement functions were repetitively assessed in real-time by the anaesthetic team during the surgery. The tumor was infiltrative and malignant (a brain cancer) and therefore every tumor cell could not be removed surgically.
D. However, the postoperative MRI scan showed near-complete removal of the tumor mass (now just a surgical cavity outlined by the red circle). The is no longer any compression of the brainstem (green arrow head). The child's symptoms all resolved, he was completely neurologically intact within a few days of surgery, and he returned to school within a few weeks of completing post-operative brain radiotherapy.
This teenager presented to an Emergency Department with progressive headaches, vomiting, and memory impairment. A. MRI scan of the brain showed a very large and
infiltrative brain tumor (T; white and grey areas in red circle) located in the "dominant" temporal lobe, with considerable brain swelling (oedema). It was causing life-threatening compression of the brainstem (green arrow head). The mass encroaches upon regions serving memory & learning, hearing and language, field of vision, and limb movement,
B. The boy's preoperative imaging included MR tractography, in order to assess the proximity of the tumor to his critical "limb movement" and "visual field" pathways deep within the brain.
C. The boy was taken to the operating room, and while awake and comfortable ("awake craniotomy"), the tumor (T) was nearly totally removed while his language and movement functions were repetitively assessed in real-time by the anaesthetic team during the surgery. The tumor was infiltrative and malignant (a brain cancer) and therefore every tumor cell could not be removed surgically.
D. However, the postoperative MRI scan showed near-complete removal of the tumor mass (now just a surgical cavity outlined by the red circle). The is no longer any compression of the brainstem (green arrow head). The child's symptoms all resolved, he was completely neurologically intact within a few days of surgery, and he returned to school within a few weeks of completing post-operative brain radiotherapy.
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The Newest Brain Scanning Technique
The Newest Brain Scanning Technique
MagnetoEncephalography - an imaging technique used to measure the
magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain via extremely sensitive devices such as superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). MEG offers a very direct measurement neural electrical activity The advantage of measuring the magnetic fields produced by neural activity is that they are not distorted by surrounding tissue, unlike the electric fields measured by EEG (particularly the skull and scalp).
MagnetoEncephalography - an imaging technique used to measure the
magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain via extremely sensitive devices such as superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). MEG offers a very direct measurement neural electrical activity The advantage of measuring the magnetic fields produced by neural activity is that they are not distorted by surrounding tissue, unlike the electric fields measured by EEG (particularly the skull and scalp).
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