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The

Brain

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Frontal lobe Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

CerebellumBrain stem

Spinal cordLink to 3D image of brain

External structure of the brain

Functions of the lobes

http://www.brainline.org/multimedia/interactive_brain/the_human_brain.html?gclid=CLvF_9aXnKYCFYUw3wod9G-goQhttp://www.g2conline.org/

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Human Brain: External

View

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corpus collosum

thalamus

cerebellum

pons

medulla oblongatamidbrain

pituitary gland

hypothalamus

ventricle

cerebral cortex

Internal structure of the brain

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hypothamalus

corpus collosum

thalamus

pituitary gland

midbrain

ventricle

pons

medulla oblongata

cerebral cortex

cerebellum

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corpus collosum

cerebellum

pons

medulla oblongatamidbrain

pituitary gland

hypothalamus

cerebral cortex

Homeostasis:control of bodytemperature and

osmoregulation.Secreteshormones

Involved in control of visualand auditory systems. Also

controls body movement

Produces hormonesthat control growth,sexual development andmetabolism

Controls breathing, heartrate and blood pressure;

reflex actions such asvomiting and sneezing

Links the

medulla withthe thalamus

Sensory information such asvision, smell and hearingprocessed here. Higher

cognitive functions.

Connects the leftand righthemispheres to

coordinateinformation

Fine motorcontrol,

posture andbalance

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Structure Function

cerebral cortex

hypothalamus

cerebellum

midbrain

pons

medullaoblongata

corpus collosum

pituitary gland

Produces hormones that control growth, sexual

development and metabolism

Connects the left and right hemispheres to

coordinate information

Links the medulla with the thalamusHomeostasis: control of body temperature and

osmoregulation. Secretes hormones

Sensory information such as vision, smell and

hearing processed here. Higher cognitive functions

Fine motor control, posture and balanceControls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure,also controls reflex actions such as vomiting andsneezing

Control of visual and auditory systems. Also

controls body movement

Drag the function to the

matching structure:

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A stroke of insight: the effects of a stroke (TED talks: 19 minutes)

Phineas Gage: experienced personalityand behavioural changes after damage to

his frontal lobe

Studying the brain

Scientists study the functions ofparts of the brain by observing

the behaviour of people who

have suffered brain damage or

have degenerative brain

diseases.

Scientists also use animal

studies to investigate brain

functioning.

http://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_s_powerful_stroke_of_insight.html

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Medical imaging technology

CT scan video

CT scans (computerisedtomography):

Use X rays to identify

major structures and can

detect problems such astumours and aneurisms.

Sometimes a dye has to

be injected into the blood.

CT scan showing a brain aneurism (swelling of the artery)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx-0emi4m8s&feature=player_embedded

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MRI scan video

Magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI):

Uses high level

magnetic field and

radio waves to imagesoft tissues.

It is useful for

diagnosing tumours,clots, infections and

brain damage

Medical imaging technology

MRI scan of a brain tumour CT scan of same tumour

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ctwXQ5xK4PU&feature=player_embedded

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FMRI images of the brain showing brain activity

Functional magneticresonance imaging (fMRI):

Monitors changes in brain

activity by measuring thechanges in blood flow and

oxygen uptake.

Allows for the study of the

different functions of the

parts of the brain.

Potential uses of fMRI (4 minute TED talk)

Medical imaging technology

http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/236

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Quick Quiz:

Internal structure and function of the brain

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2

3

4

56

7

8

1

Label the parts of the brain

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State the parts of the brain which have the following functions

9. Regulates body temperature and osmoregulation. Secretes hormones.

10. Connects the left and right hemispheres.

11. Processes visual, smell and auditory information, higher cognitive processes.

12. Fine motor control. Balance and posture.

13. Controls breathing and heart rates plus reflex actions such as vomiting.

14.Controls visual and auditory systems, controls body movement.

15.Secretes hormones that control growth, metabolism and sexual development.

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Answers:

1. Cerebral cortex

2. Corpus collosum

3. Cerebellum4. Pons

5. Medulla oblongata

6. Midbrain

7. Pituitary gland

8. Hypothalamus

9. Hypothalamus

10. Corpus collosum

11. Cerebral cortex

12. Cerebellum13. Medulla oblongata

14. Midbrain

15. Pituitary gland

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Interesting links

Neuroethics

Neuroscience for kids

BBC: The Mind and Brain

TED talk: creativity and fMRI (19 minutes)

http://www.clickbiology.com/http://www.ted.com/talks/charles_limb_your_brain_on_improv.htmlhttp://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/neuroethics/index.htmlhttp://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chgames.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/http://www.clickbiology.com/