A Technical Seminar on

BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

BY

VISHAL. B. U(1AT11EC108)

ATRIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:MRS. NIMMY MARIA JOSE

OVERVIEW

Introduction What is BCI? Early Works How Brain Turns Thoughts Into Action? Interface Basic Mechanism Types of BCI Applications Examples May Be In Future!!! Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

It is the study of brain functions.

A collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical device.

Direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device.

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology which allows a human to control a computer, peripheral, or other electronic device with thought.

It does so by using electrodes to detect electric signals in the brain which are sent to a computer.

Thus BCI extracts electro-physical signals from suitable components of the brain and process them to generate control signals for computers, robotic machines or communication devices.

WHAT IS BCI?

Basic block diagram of a BCI system incorporating signal detection, processing and deployment

Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex neurons, which control movement, were developed in 1970s.

The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface was built by implanting electrodes into monkeys.

In the 1990s, researchers developed Brain Computer Interfaces that decoded brain activity in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce movements in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce monkey movements in robotic arms.

EARLY WORKS

The brain consists of 100 billion neurons; these neurons are connected to each other by axons and dendrites.

Your neurons - as you think about anything or do anything - are at work.

Your neurons connect with each other to form a super highway for nerve impulses to travel from neuron to neuron to produce thought, hearing, speech, or movement.

If you have an itch and you reach to scratch it; you received a stimulus (an itch) and reacted in response to the stimulus by scratching.

The electrical signals that generated the thought and action travel at a rate of about 250 feet per second or faster, in some cases.

HOW THE BRAIN TURNS THOUGHTS INTO ACTION?

The easiest and least invasive method is a set of electrodes -- a device known as an electroencephalograph (EEG) -- attached to the scalp.

The electrodes can read brain signals.

To get a higher-resolution signal, scientists can implant electrodes directly into the gray matter of the brain itself, or on the surface of the brain, beneath the skull.

INTERFACE

Wires from each electrode transmit their measurements to a computer.

The electrodes measure minute differences in the voltage between neurons.

The signal is then amplified and filtered.

The computer produces a graph showing the readings from each electrode.

BASIC MECHANISM

TYPES OF BCI

1) Invasive- Put the whole module into the brain.

2) Partially Invasive- Attach sensors on the surface of the brain.

3) Non-Invasive- Leave everything outside of the skull.

Provide disabled people with communication, environment control, movement restoration & enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs, vehicles, or assistance robots for people with disabilities.

Monitor stages of sleep,Bionics/Cybernetics, Memory Upload/Download, Dream Capture etc.

Provide additional channel of control in computer games.

Monitor attention in long-distance drivers or aircraft pilots, send out alert and warning for aircraft pilots.

Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable situations (e.g., underwater or in extreme heat or cold).

APPLICATIONS

EXAMPLESBrain Gate

Honda Asimo Control

BCI Gaming

MAY BE IN FUTURE!!!

Humans dive into a virtual world by connecting their brains directly to a computer.

Harder concentration to the fan to blow for simulating the ball to float

STAR WARS

Use of more Cerebral Capacity to control self, other beings & matter

Preserve the mind of a dead Scientist, connect it to the internet & achieve breakthroughs in the field of Science

ADVANTAGES OF BCI

Eventually, this technology could:

Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind.

Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see.

Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to hear.

Allow gamers to control video games with their minds.

Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a computer.

Research is still in beginning stages.

The current technology is crude.

Ethical issues may prevent its development.

Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the brain.

Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.

DISADVANTAGES

As BCI technology further advances, brain tissue may one day give way to implanted silicon chips thereby creating a completely computerized simulation of the human brain.

We can predict that from now, superhuman artificial intelligence won't be far behind.

CONCLUSION

IEEE Xplorer Digital Library website.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore

http://gigaom.com/2014/01/16/control-anything-using-your-mind-with-the-openbci-brain-computer-interface/

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/brain-computer-interface.htm

https://agenda.weforum.org/2014/09/top-ten-emerging-technologies-2014/#brain-computer-interfaces

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/desney/publications/bcihci-chapter1.pdf

REFERENCES

THANK YOU…