1.Brain and Behaviour

2. What are nerves?
How do they work?
Where do you find them in the body?
Can our bodies function without nerves?
3. Structure of the Nervous system
4. 5. Central Nervous System
Brain + spinal cord.
Oversees everything we do, feel and think
6. Peripheral Nervous System
Relays messages to and from outer parts of the body (periphery) and the brain.
Sensory nerves collect information from the senses.
Motornerves control the muscles. (pg 289. 9.3)
7. Autonomic nervous system
the part of the nervous system outside conscious control
affects the cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive and respiratory organs.
sympatheticparasympathetic
(fight/flight) (restores calm)
(Pg 289 activity 9.4)
8. Nerves
Nerves Collections of neurons that are joined together by connective tissue.
Responsible for transferring impulses from receptors to CNS and back to effectors (muscles or glands).
9. The Neuron
the basic functional unit of the nervous system.
is a cell that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling
You have around 100 billion neurons
10. Basic Neuron Structure
11. Dendrite extensions that receive information from other neurons
Cell Body or Soma The control center of the neuron, contains nucleus
Axon transmits infomation from dendrites to other neurons
Myelin Sheath An insulating layer around an axon.
12. Types of Neurons
1. Sensory Neurons Neurons located in receptororgans (skin, eyes, ears). Function: receive incoming stimuli from the environment.
2. Motor Neurons Neurons located near effectors (muscles and glands) Function: Carry impulses to initiate aresponse.
3. Interneurons Neurons that relay messages between other neurons eg between sensory and motor neurons. (found most often in brain and spinal cord).
13. Motor end plates
David B. Fankhauser, Ph.D., Professor of Biology and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Clermont College
14. Dont draw
15. 16. Communication within neurons is electrical
An electrical signal is sent down the length of the axon.This electrical signal is called an action potential
17. Neurotransmisson
18. Communication between neurons is chemical
When the electrical impulse reaches the terminal buttons, they release chemicals called neurotransmitters(NTs) into the synapse.
19. Communication between neurons is chemical
These NTs connect with receptor sites of nearby neurons.The neurotransmitters fit in to these receptor sites like a key into a lock.
20. Neurotransmitters
are chemicals that are released into the synapse by neurons.
These NTs are taken back up into the terminal buttons of neurons through the process of reuptake
21. 22. How anxiety effects the body
23. Excitoryvs Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Depending on the neurotransmitter released into the synapse it either excites or inhibits the next neuron from firing.
Some neurotransmitters do both!
24. 25. Drugs Interfere with Neurotransmission
Drugs can affect synapses at a variety of sites and in a variety of ways, including:
Increasing number of impulses
Release neurotransmitters from vesicles with or without impulses
Block reuptake or block receptors
Produce more or less neurotransmitters
Prevent vesicles from releasing neurotransmitters
26. Drugs That Influence Neurotransmitters
27. Electroencephalograph (EEG)
machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain.
28. Computed tomography (CT)
brain-imaging method using computer controlled X-rays of the brain.
29. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain.