braille module 39 final letter contractions and six more...

Braille Module 39 Final-Letter Contractions and Six More Short-Form Words LOC Literary Lesson 10, Sections 10.1-10.2

PROFITT Curriculum Module # 39 — Final-Letter Contractions and Short-Form Words

Braille Module 39-1

Braille Module 39 Final-letter Contractions and Six More Short-Form Words

LOC Literary Lesson 10.1-10.2

Summary

Goal(s): The goal is for students to gain an understanding and demonstrate a working knowledge of final-letter contractions, six more short-form words and the rules concerning the usage of the contractions. SMART Objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-sensitive

By the end of this module, students should

be able to:

BS39.1: Demonstrate a growing proficiency and knowledge of the final-

letter contractions.

BS39.2: Know by memorization 6 more short-form words.

BS39.3: Review and test on the final-letter

contractions.

Instructor:

Braille instructor

Delivery Method(s):

Flash cards Lecture

Classroom reading Discussion One-on-one reading Hands on

Length: 5 hours Three topics

Any Applicable Business and/or Soft Skills:

Corresponding LOC Manual: Lesson 10.1 with EBAE XV.46 Lesson 10.2 with EBAE XVI

Take Away Message(s): You have done very well. Lesson 10 has 14 new contractions for you to learn. Remember to use the flashcards to memorize these new contractions and to reread the rules to fully grasp the concept of applying them correctly. Work hard and don’t give up! Continue to memorize the six new short-form words you learned in this lesson. Learn to look for these contractions and short-form words any time you see print material. This will help you to learn to spot them quickly when you are proofreading.


Braille Module 39-2

Instructor Preparation

Title of Module: Final-Letter Contractions and Six More Short-Form Words

The purpose of this module is for the students to study and memorize the final-letter

contractions and the six new short-form words that are introduced in this module. Time is

permitted in this module for the students to continue the practice of proofreading. The

students will be tested on the contractions learned in this module.

Agenda – topics to be covered in the module and length of each item

Topic: Final-Letter Contractions Time Allotted: 5 hours

A. The Final-Letter Contractions

(1 hour)

B. Six More Short-Form Words

(3 hours)

C. Review and Test

(1 hour)

Materials and Supplies – items needed in order to carry out the agenda and classroom activities

1. 1LOC Manual

2. Drill book

3. EBAE

4. Index cards for making flashcards

5. Handouts and Answer Sheets: Lesson 10: Contraction List (39.A.1), Lesson 10: Quiz (39.A.2), Answers to Lesson 10: Quiz (39.A.3), Lesson 10 Worksheet 1 (39.B.1), Answers to Lesson 10: Worksheet 1 (39.B.2), Lesson 10: Worksheet 2 (39.B.3), Answers to Lesson 10: Worksheet 2 (39.B.4), Lesson 10: Test (39.C.1), and Answers to Lesson10: Test (39.C.2) (one copy of answer sheets)

6. A copy of the Contraction Chart and answers

7. You will need a copy of Lesson 10 flashcards (Les10Flashcards.docx)

8. You will need copies of the Proofreading Error sheet from Module 6 (6.A.1)


Braille Module 39-3

Classroom Preparation – steps to follow when setting up the learning environment

1. Each workstation should have a computer, a braille writer, a slate and stylus, an LOC Manual, EBAE, a means of communicating with the embosser (network or thumb drive), braille paper (not-tractor feed), a braille eraser, pen/pencil, notebook, and highlighter.

2. Have the classroom flashcards prepared for Lesson 10 and materials for the students to make their own.

3. Have chalk and erasure board ready for use.

4. Have the computer and overhead screen ready to play the game Hollywood Squares.


Braille Module 39-4

Curriculum Content

A. The Final-Letter Contractions (1 hour)

Objective BS39.1: Demonstrate a growing proficiency and knowledge of the final-letter

contractions.

PREINSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

The instructor will be familiar with section10.1 with EBAE XV.46 which covers the final-letter contractions, including general instructions, part words only, base word and a prefix, base word and a suffix, -ation, -full and -ful, –ance, and –ence, in contact with an apostrophe or hyphen, digraphs and trigraphs, and preserving pronunciation.

You will need the following handouts: Lesson 10: Contractions List (39.A.1), Lesson

10: Quiz (39.A.2) and Answers to Lesson 10: Quiz (39.A.3).

You will need a copy of Lesson 10 flashcards (Les10Flashcards.docx).

CONTENT PRESENTATION AND LEARNER PARTICIPATION

The instructor will pass out the Lesson 10: Quiz (39.A.2). The quiz is an inquiry to the knowledge of the students prior to studying Lesson 10 in class. This quiz is to test to see if

the students have read the lesson prior to class.

The quiz contains all of the braille characters the students will learn in Lesson 10. This

includes all of the final-letter contractions and short-form words. The students will be

required to fill in the table with these characters.

The outcome of this quiz is to test the students of their knowledge of the new braille

characters introduced in Lesson 10.

The instructor will introduce the final-letter contractions by implementing the flashcards for this lesson.

Some reminders to the students:

“Remember that the final-letter contractions are two-cell contractions.

Use the flashcards in and out of the classroom to your advantage. The flashcards

will help you to memorize the contractions quicker.”

If time permits you may also want to review the flash cards from Lesson 9.

Have the students make their flashcards for Lesson 10 using the index cards.

Continue to encourage the use of the flash cards in the class room and privately.


Braille Module 39-5

As a class the students will read and discuss LOC Manual: Lesson 10.1 introducing the

final-letter contractions.

Some reminders to the students (write the list on the board):

“Remember that final-letter contractions are two-cell contractions that are formed by preceding the final letter of common letter combinations by dots 46, dots 56, or dot 6. The beginning of these contractions can be confused with other ____ ____. (composition signs) Therefore, it is important for you to apply the rules properly to give the braille reader clarity. These are the following composition signs that can be confused with the final-letter contractions:

Dots 46 also form the emphasis indicator.

Dots 56 the letter indicator.

Dot 6 the capital indicator.

The composition signs just listed nearly always appear at the beginning of a word. To avoid confusion with these composition signs, final-letter contractions are used only in the middle or at the end of a word or name.

The final-letter contractions can be used ONLY for parts of words. They cannot be used for whole words such as less, ally, or Sion.

Review the rules concerning the usages of the final-letter contractions.”

B. Six More Short-Form Words (3 hours)

Objective BS39.2: Know by memorization 6 more short-form words.


The instructor will be familiar with section 10.2 pertaining to six more short-form words:

across, also, almost, immediate, must, and necessary. They will also be familiar with Drill

28.

You will need the following handouts: Lesson 10: Worksheet 1 (39.B.1), Answers to

Lesson 10: Worksheet 1 (39.B.2), and Lesson 10: Worksheet 2 (39.B.3),

Answers to Lesson 10: Worksheet 2 (39.B.4).


As a class the students will read and discuss LOC Manual: Lesson 10.2 about six more

short-form words: across, also, almost, immediate, must, and necessary.

Take turns as a class to read the braille (embossed) answers to Drill 28 from the Drill book.

This will help the students to get a visual idea of reading the embossed copy.

Next the students will braille Drill 28 on Page 10-5 using Perky Duck.


Braille Module 39-6

When the students have completed this activity, which includes proofreading their own work, they can exchange drills and proofread each other’s work using the “How to Successfully Proofread” steps.

The students will be given the handout Lesson 10: Worksheet 1 (39.B.1). The worksheet is a story in simulated braille. This worksheet will help the students to practice their knowledge of reading simulated braille words. Each student will be paired up with another student to practice reading braille out loud. When they have completed the task of reading the story to one another they are to write the longhand over the braille. There

is an answer key to the worksheet.

The students will be given the handout Lesson 10: Worksheet 2 (39.B.3). The worksheet is 12 complete sentences in simulated braille which the students will proofread. The students will highlight the incorrect braille characters. There is an answer key to the

worksheet.

C. Review and Test (1 hour)

Objective BS39.3: Review and test on the final-letter contractions.


The instructor will be familiar with Lesson 10.

You will need the following handouts: Lesson 10: Test (39.C.1) and Answer to Lesson 10: Test (39.C.2).


Review Lesson 10 of the LOC Manual. The review is designed to prepare the students for

the test. The instructor is to go over each section with emphases on areas that will be on

the test. Allow the students to ask any questions pertaining to the context of LOC

Manual: Lesson 10.

The instructor will pass out the Lesson 10: Test (39.C.1) to each student. This test is20

True or False questions concerning the contractions they learned in the section. An

answer key is included.

The expected outcome of the test will help both the instructor and the students to

understand the students’ strengths and weaknesses. This will allow them to work together

to strengthen the students’ weaknesses in any area.

ASSESSMENT

This test is necessary for the students and the instructor to determine the knowledge acquired over Lesson: 10 of the Instruction Manual for Braille Transcribing Fifth Edition,


Braille Module 39-7

2009.It is expected that the students will fully grasp the rules for final-letter contractions and how the original pronunciation must be maintained and when original pronunciation is lost.


Braille Module 39-8

Braille Module 39

Final-Letter Contractions and Six More Short-Form Words LOC Literary Lesson 10, Sections 10.1-10.2 Handouts and Answer Sheets


Braille Module 39-9

Lesson 10: Contraction List (39.A.1)

Dots 46 Dots 56 Dot 6

-ound .d

-ance .e -ence ;e -ong ;g

-ful ;l

-sion .n -tion ;n -ation ,n

-less .s -ness ;s

-ount .t -ment ;t

-ity ;y -ally ,y

Short-form Meaning

acr across

al also

alm almost

imm immediate

m(st) must

nec necessary

39.A.1


Braille Module 39-10

Lesson 10: Quiz (39.A.2)

Name the following final-letter contractions.

1. .D

2. .E

3. .N

4. .S

5. .T

6. ;E

7. ;G

8. ;L

9. ;N

10. ;S

11. ;T

12. ;Y

13. ,N

14. ,Y

Name the following short-form word.

Short-form Meaning

15. acr

16. al

17. alm

18. imm

19. m(st)

20. nec

39.A.2



Answers to Lesson 10: Quiz (39.A.3)

Name the following final-letter contractions.

1. .D -ound

2. .E -ance

3. .N -sion

4. .S -less

5. .T -ount

6. ;E -ence

7. ;G -ong

8. ;L -ful

9. ;N -tion

10. ;S -ness

11. ;T -ment

12. ;Y -ity

13. ,N -ation

14. ,Y -ally

Name the following short-form word.

Short-form Meaning

15. acr across

16. al also

17. alm almost

18. imm immediate

19. m(st) must

20. nec necessary

39.A.3



Lesson 10: Worksheet 1 (39.B.1)

First take turns reading this exercise with another student. Then write the

words out in longhand over the simulated braille.

1.01 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°,M.T°,SION°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.02 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.03 °°,ONCE°!°*.ELLOR°(°,FR.E°W5T°R,Y+°>.D°&

1.04 -;T$°H[°,T5;SEE°FAI?;LLY°W5T°>.D°!°B.D>Y

1.05 (!°M.TS°6SEEK°\°=E/°FIRES4°,!°*.ELLOR°°°

1.06 S5T°\°,SP;ER°&°,S,Y°9°,!°,B.TI;L°,PROVI-

1.07 D;E°)A°MEMO°ON°LEGAL°/,N>Y°6SE>*°=°=E/°°

1.08 FIRES4°,S1°,SP;ER°&°,S,Y°TOOK°(F°9°!°°°°

1.09 JEEP°=!°B1UTI;L°HILLS4°,_!°ASSI/.E°WD°°°

1.10 HELP°!°,C.T°&°,B>O;S4°,!°ROYALTY°HOP$°°°

1.11 FAI?;LLY°T°NO°M.TA9°FIRE°WD°TOT,Y°DE/ROY

1.12 _!°CA/LE4°,SP;ER°&°,S,Y°C.T$°!°MILES°UN-

1.13 TIL°!Y°7°?ANK;LLY°\°(!°C;Y4°,!Y°CD°SEE°°

1.14 ACR°!°HORIZON°A°MONGOOSE4°,ALM°IMMLY1°°°

1.15 ,SP;ER°PUT°ON°!°BRAKES4°,S,Y°SCR1M$1°°°°

1.16 8,RE,Y1°,SP;ER6°,0°T°NEC860°,HE LE>N$°A°

1.17 H>D°LESSON°T°"D4°,NO°DEVI,NS°F°?°FANCY°°

1.18 PLAN4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.19 °°°,S9CE°_!°JEEP°0°*OCK-FULL°(°SUPPLIES°

1.20 US+°S*°FIRM;S°RE,Y°MADE°,S,Y°PITI;L4°,H]

1.21 HAIR°CAME°D[N°&°%E°-M;ED°6SMACK°H] H1D°°

1.22 ON°!°DA%BO>D4°,VISU,Y1°X°0°N°A°PRETTY°°°

1.23 SI<T4°,H]°HOITY-TOITY°ATTITUDE°RE,Y°CAME

1.24 \6°,ONCE°AG°_!°JEEP°TOOK°(F°D[N°!°BUMPY°

1.25 C.TRY°ROAD4°,9°!°4T.E°!Y°SPOTT$°A°SMALL°

39.B.1



2.01 /ORE°CALL$°,FRUITY°,2L;G+S4°,SP;ER°IMM$i-

2.02 ateLY°TURN$°96!°P>K+°LOT1°GOT°\°&°D.ED°A°

2.03 JIG4,HE°0°S°JOY;L4°,S,Y°0°EQU,Y°HOPE;L°°°

2.04 6PICK° UP°"S°SNACKS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.05 °°,X°0°AT°!°,FRUITY°,2L;G+S°T°!Y°MET°A°°°

2.06 MAN°"ND°,L.E°°SUN"D4°,L.E°MADE°8CRE,NS0°\

2.07 (°TRA%°C°LIDS°&°T1SPOONS°(°L1D4°,L.E'S°°°

2.08 CRE,NS°MADE°,SP;ERS'°HE>T°P.D4°,HE°WANT$°

2.09 63G1L°ALL°8°EF=TS°&°LE>N°6MAKE°^?°WOND];L

2.10 CRE,NS1°B°"!°7°=E/°FIRES°6ATT5D°TO4°°°°°°

2.11 °°,F9,Y°,SP;ER°&°,S,Y°MADE°X°6_!°DE/9,N4°

2.12 ,A°LL°WORN1°B°3GRU\S°&°HAPPILY°R1DY°°°°°°

2.13 6SE>*°E°CAV;Y°=°=E/°FIRES4°,Y°W°H°6R1D°M°

2.14 ON°,SP;ER°&°,S,Y'S°ADV5TURES°9°!°NEXT°°°°

2.15 EDI;N°(°,M.T°,SION4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.16 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.17 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.18 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.19 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.20 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.21 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.22 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.23 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.24 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

2.25 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

39.B.1



Answers to Lesson 10: Worksheet 1 (39.B.2)

First take turns reading this exercise with another student. Then write the

words out in longhand over the simulated braille.

Mount Sion

Once the chancellor of France went rallying around and commented how Tennessee

faithfully went around the boundary of the mounts to seek out forest fires. The chancellor

sent out Spencer and Sally in The Bountiful Providence with a memo on legal stationary to

search for forest fires. So, Spencer and Sally took off in the jeep for the beautiful hills.

Their assistance would help the Count and Baroness. The royalty hoped faithfully that no

mountain fire would totally destroy their castle. Spencer and Sally counted the miles until

they were thankfully out of the city. They could see across the horizon a mongoose.

Almost immediately, Spencer put on the brakes. Sally screamed, "Really, Spencer! Was

that necessary?!" He learned a hard lesson that day. No deviations from this fancy plan.

Since their jeep was chock-full of supplies using such firmness really made Sally pitiful.

Her hair came down and she commenced to smack her head on the dashboard. Visually, it

was not a pretty sight. Her hoity-toity attitude really came out! Once again their jeep took

off down the bumpy country road. In the distance they spotted a small store called Fruity

Belongings. Spencer immediately turned into the parking lot, got out and danced a jig. He

was so joyful. Sally was equally hopeful to pick up some snacks.

It was at the Fruity Belongings that they met a man named Lance Sunday. Lance made

"creations" out of trash can lids and teaspoons of lead. Lance's creations made Spencers'

heart pound. He wanted to congeal all his efforts and learn to make those wonderful

creations, but there were forest fires to attend to.

Finally Spencer and Sally made it to their destination. A little worn, but congruous and

happily ready to search every cavity for forest fires. You will have to read more on

Spencer and Sally's adventures in the next edition of Mount Sion.

39.B.2



Lesson 10: Worksheet 2 (39.B.3)

Proofread each sentence and highlight each braille cell that is incorrect.

1. Around the boundary of the mountain they built a fence.

2. Frances really belongs to that other processional in the parade.

3. The chieftainess wore lovely brown moccasins with beads.

4. The popsicle was chock-full of strawberries.

5. The graduation commenced with diplomas and cheers.

6. Some people are visually impaired and must read braille.

7. Mr. Tally saved his ticket as a memento of the ball game.

8. God made everything in the creation in six days.

9. The lioness was equally irritated and hoity-toity.

10. The baroness actually liked the governess.

11. We always contract words in braille unless it breaks a rule.

12. Henceforth we will keep our comments to ourself.

39.B.3



1.01 °°#A4°,>.D°!°B.D>Y°(!°M.TA9°!Y°BUILT°A°°

1.02 FENCE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.03 °°#B4°,FR.ES°RE,Y°2L;GS°6T°O!R°PROCES-°°

1.04 sionAL°9°!°P>ADE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.05 °°#C4°,!°*IEFTAI;N°WORE°LOVELY°BR[N°MOc-

1.06 cAS9S°)°B1DS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.07 °°#D4°,!°POPSICLE°0°*OCK-;LL°(°/RAWB]-°°

1.08 RIES4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.09 °°#E4°,!°GRADUA;N°-M;ED°)°DIPLOMAS°&°°°°

1.10 *E]S4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.11 °°#F4°,"S°P°>E°VISUALLY°IMPAIR$°&°M/°R1D

1.12 BRL4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.13 °°#G4°,MR4°,T,Y°SAV$°8°TICKET°Z°A°MEMEN-

1.14 TO°(!°BALL°GAME4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.15 °°#H4°,GOD°MADE°"EY?+°9°!°CREa,N°9°SIX°°

1.16 "DS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.17 °°#I4°,!°LIO;S°0°EQU,Y°IRRITAT$°&°HO;Y-°

1.18 TO;Y4 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.19 °°#AJ4°,!°B>O;S°ACTU,Y°LIk$°!°GOV]NESS4°

1.20 °°#AA4°,WE°ALW°3TRACT°^WS°9°BRL°UNLESS°X

1.21 BR1KS°A°RULE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.22 °°#AB4°,H;E=?°WE°W°KEEP°\R°-mentS°6\R-°°

1.23 SELF4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.24 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.25 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

39.B.4



Answers to Lesson 10: Worksheet 2 (39.B.4)

Proofread each sentence and highlight each braille cell that is incorrect.

1. Around the boundary of the mountain they built a fence.

2. Frances really belongs to that other processional in the parade.

3. The chieftainess wore lovely brown moccasins with beads.

4. The popsicle was chock-full of strawberries.

5. The graduation commenced with diplomas and cheers.

6. Some people are visually impaired and must read braille.

7. Mr. Tally saved his ticket as a memento of the ball game.

8. God made everything in the creation in six days.

9. The lioness was equally irritated and hoity-toity.

10. The baroness actually liked the governess.

11. We always contract words in braille unless it breaks a rule.

12. Henceforth we will keep our comments to ourself.

1. Contract “-ence” n fence.

2. Contract “-sion” in processional and take to line 1.03.

3. Do not contract “-ness” and use “in” contraction in chieftainess.

4. Do not contract “-ful” in chock-full.

5. Use the “-ation” contraction in graduation.

6. Contract “-ally” in visually.

7. Contract “-ment” in memento and place on line 13.

8. Do not use “a” and the contraction for “-ation” in creation.

9. Do not contract “-ity” in hoity-toity.

10. Contract “-ness” in governess.

11. Contract “-less” in unless.

12. Contract “-ment” in comments.

39.B.4



1.01 °°#A4°,>.D°!°B.D>Y°(!°M.TA9°!Y°BUILT°A°°

1.02 FENCE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.03 °°#B4°,FR.ES°RE,Y°2L;GS°6T°O!R°PROCES-°°

1.04 sionAL°9°!°P>ADE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.05 °°#C4°,!°*IEFTAI;N°WORE°LOVELY°BR[N°MOc-

1.06 cAS9S°)°B1DS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.07 °°#D4°,!°POPSICLE°0°*OCK-;LL°(°/RAWB]-°°

1.08 RIES4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.09 °°#E4°,!°GRADUA;N°-M;ED°)°DIPLOMAS°&°°°°

1.10 *E]S4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.11 °°#F4°,"S°P°>E°VISUALLY°IMPAIR$°&°M/°R1D

1.12 BRL4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.13 °°#G4°,MR4°,T,Y°SAV$°8°TICKET°Z°A°MEMEN-

1.14 TO°(!°BALL°GAME4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.15 °°#H4°,GOD°MADE°"EY?+°9°!°CREa,N°9°SIX°°

1.16 "DS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.17 °°#I4°,!°LIO;S°0°EQU,Y°IRRITAT$°&°HO;Y-°

1.18 TO;Y4 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

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39.B.4



Lesson 10: Test (39.C.1)

Highlight True or False.

1. Final-letter contractions are two-cell contractions that are formed by preceding the final letter of common letter combinations by dots 46, dots 56, or dot 6. True or False

2. When a contraction would overlap a root/base word and a suffix, a final-letter

contraction can be used. True or False

3. Final-letter contractions are also used when they appear at the beginning of a line in a

divided word. True or False

4. When a prefix is added to a word that starts with con, the contraction for con cannot be used. In order to facilitate easy recognition and pronunciation in such words as incongruous and uncongealed, where the con contraction is not used, the contraction

for ong is used. True or False

5. When a suffix is added to chieftain and citizen the retention of the final contraction in

the base word preserves the usual braille form of the word. True or False

6. Dots 46 also form the emphasis indicator, dots 56 the letter indicator, and dot 6 the number indicator. True or False

7. These final-letter contractions are never used in words such as ancestor, lesson, encephalitis, fulfill, mental, and other words where the letters of the contractions occur

at the beginning of the word. True or False

8. Use final-letter contractions for parts of words only. They can be used for whole words

such as less, ally, or Sion. True or False

9. When a word begins with the letters of one of these contractions, the contraction cannot be used. When a prefix is added to such a word the final-letter contraction is still not used, even if it is divided between braille lines, for to do so would change the

usual appearance of the base word. True or False

10. Some words, such as the word unless, are deceptive. Although this word might appear to be a base word plus a prefix, it is not. The origin of unless is the Middle English word onlesse, which is one word and therefore the contraction for less is used. True or False

11. These composition signs nearly always appear at the beginning of a word. To avoid confusion with these composition signs, final-letter contractions are used only in the middle or at the end of a word or name. True or False

12. The contraction for ation is used in preference to the a and tion signs in words like station and application because it saves more time. True or False

39.C.1



13. Although the general rule gives preference to a one-cell contraction over a two-cell

contraction, use a two-cell contraction if space can be saved. True or False

14. Pay attention to words that begin or end with full and ful. In the whole word full the contraction for ful is not used because it would begin the word. In order to preserve the usual appearance of the word, when a prefix or another word is joined to it to

form a compound word, the contraction is still not used. True or False

15. Do not use a contraction when two adjoining consonants are pronounced separately and the use of the contraction would cause difficulty in recognition or pronunciation, as in mongoose and fiance (fiancé). True or False

16. When –ence is followed by d or r, it is the preferred contraction even though no

space is saved. True or False

17. Fulis not a word by itself, and when it occurs at the end of a word it is always a suffix. In words ending in ful, such as brimful and teaspoonful (the preferred spellings), the ful contraction is not used. True or False

18. A final-letter contraction cannot follow an apostrophe or a hyphen. Thus, the final-letter contraction is not used in grey'ound, nor in a hyphenated word such as re-ally, nor in syllabically divided words. True or False

19. When a second suffix is added, such as ly, to a word ending in ful, the contraction for

ful is used. True or False

20. As with all contractions, do not use a final-letter contraction if it would disturb the pronunciation of a digraph or trigraph. Thus, the ity sign is not used in hoity-toity.

True or False

39.C.1



Answers to Lesson 10: Test (39.C.2)

Circle or highlight True or False and state the rule used to support your answer.

1. Final-letter contractions are two-cell contractions that are formed by preceding the final letter of common letter combinations by dots 46, dots 56, or dot 6. True or False

Rule 10.1a

2. When a contraction would overlap a root/base word and a suffix, a final-letter contraction can (not) be used. True or False Rule 10.1d

3. Final-letter contractions are also used when they appear at the beginning of a line in a

divided word. True or False Rule 10.1a

4. When a prefix is added to a word that starts with con, the contraction for con cannot be used. In order to facilitate easy recognition and pronunciation in such words as incongruous and uncongealed, where the con contraction is not used, the contraction for ong is (not) used either. True or False Rule 10.1c

5. When a suffix is added to chieftain and citizen the retention of the final contraction in the base word preserves the usual braille form of the word. True or False Rule

10.1d

6. Dots 46 also form the emphasis indicator, dots 56 the letter indicator, and dot 6 the number (capital) indicator. True or False Rule 10.1a

7. These final-letter contractions are never used in words such as ancestor, lesson, encephalitis, fulfill, mental, and other words where the letters of the contractions occur

at the beginning of the word. True or False Rule 10.1a

8. Use final-letter contractions for parts of words only. They can (not) be used for whole

words such as less, ally, or Sion. True or False Rule 10.1b

9. When a word begins with the letters of one of these contractions, the contraction cannot be used. When a prefix is added to such a word the final-letter contraction is still not used, even if it is divided between braille lines, for to do so would change the

usual appearance of the base word. True or False Rule 10.1c

10. Some words, such as the word unless, are deceptive. Although this word might appear to be a base word plus a prefix, it is not. The origin of unless is the Middle English word onlesse, which is one word and therefore the contraction for less is used. True or False Rule 10.1c

11. These composition signs nearly always appear at the beginning of a word. To avoid confusion with these composition signs, final-letter contractions are used only in the middle or at the end of a word or name. True or False Rule 10.1a39.C.2



12. The contraction for ation is used in preference to the a and tion signs in words like station and application because it saves more time(space).True or False Rule 10.1d(1)

13. Although the general rule gives preference to a one-cell contraction over a two-cell contraction, use a two-cell contraction if space can be saved. True or False Rule

10.1d(3)

14. Pay attention to words that begin or end with full and ful. In the whole word full the contraction for ful is not used because it would begin the word. In order to preserve the usual appearance of the word, when a prefix or another word is joined to it to form a compound word, the contraction is still not used. True or False Rule

10.1d(2)

15. Do not use a contraction when two adjoining consonants are pronounced separately and the use of the contraction would cause difficulty in recognition or pronunciation,

as in mongoose and fiance (fiancé). True or False Rule 10.1g

16. When –ence is followed by d or r, it is the preferred contraction even though no

space is saved. True or False Rule 10.1d(3)

17. Fulis not a word by itself, and when it occurs at the end of a word it is always a suffix. In words ending in ful, such as brimful and teaspoonful (the preferred spellings), the ful contraction is not used. True or False Rule 10.1d(2)

18. A final-letter contraction cannot follow an apostrophe or a hyphen. Thus, the final-letter contraction is not used in grey'ound, nor in a hyphenated word such as re-ally, nor in syllabically divided words. True or False Rule 10.1e

19. When a second suffix is added, such as ly, to a word ending in ful, the contraction for

ful is used. True or False Rule 10.1d(2)

20. As with all contractions, do not use a final-letter contraction if it would disturb the pronunciation of a digraph or trigraph. Thus, the ity sign is not used in hoity-toity.

True or False Rule 10.1f

39.C.2

braille module 39 final letter contractions and six more...

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