Measuring Mixersfor Laboratory and Simulation

Fusion Behavior

Heat and Shear Stability

Crosslinking Reaction

Black Incorporation Time

Flow and Cure Behavior

Plasticizer Absorption

Liquid Absorption

... and many others

Brabender

Use BRABENDER® measuring mixers fortesting the processibility of thermoplas-tics, thermosets, elastomers, ceramicmolding materials, fillers, pigments, andother plastic and plastifiable materials

n under practice-oriented conditionsn cost-effectivelyn with little expenditure of time and

materialn reliablyn preciselyn reproducibly

In combination with a BRABENDER®

Plastograph®, Plasti-Corder® or Lab-Station, all production processes relevant for production and processingof plastic and plastifiable materials,e.g. compounding, mixing, mastication,etc., are simulated realistically on alaboratory scale and documented bymeasurements.Or use BRABENDER® measuring mixersfor quick and easy production of sam-ples for further tests e.g. for tensilestrength, pigment dispersion, etc.

The measuring mixers consist of a mixerbackstand with gear unit and a detach-able mixer bowl. They are connected to a suitable drive unit (e.g. Plasto-graph®, Plasti-Corder®, Lab-Station)through a shear pin coupling protectingboth mixer and drive unit from damagedue to overload.All measuring mixers can easily beinterchanged at the drive unit.

The blades are made of special steel.Counter-rotation towards each other at different speeds provides for excellent compounding and mixing characteristics.

Heating/cooling is done either througha liquid circulation thermostat for materials that require very precise and constant temperature control orelectrically with air cooling in 3 individual zones where the temperatureis measured through separate control

Simulate Production

Realistically on a

Laboratory Scale

thermocouples and displayed and con-trolled by self-optimizing electronic temperature controllers.All series 30 and 50 EHT mixers aresuited for operating temperatures of upto 500°C.

Manifold different mixer designs and blade geometries as well as a widerange of additional equipment permitto test nearly all plastic and plastifiable materials.

n fusion behavior of PVCn heat and shear stability of polymersn flow and cure behavior of cross-

linking polymers acc. to DIN 53 764n automatic evaluation of the black

incorporation time (BIT) with selectable zero point

n flow and cure behavior of elastomers

n plasticizer absorption of PVC dry blends

n liquid absorption of powdersn semi-automatic universal evaluationn mixer tests with temperature and

speed programmingn degree of property breakdown

The user-optimized Windows® 95/98 orNT software provides for evaluation ofthe measured data in compliance withthe latest standards. On-line diagramsgive a quick survey of the measureddata and evaluation results alreadyduring the measurement. Use the ad-vantages of the Windows® environmentand save time with real multitasking -run a measurement, display stored data,and write texts, all at a time.Among others, the following tests canbe run with BRABENDER® measuringmixers:

The versatile data correla-tion program makes it easy todirectly compare the results ofdifferent tests of one or several testseries. Mean values and standard deviations are calculated automaticallyand shown digitally and graphically.Define any measured curves as refer-ence curves and easily check whetheryour sample material meets certaindemands or not. The special correlationprogram with parameter variation shows the influence of individual parameters like temperature, mixerspeed, additives, etc. on the behavior of your sample material.

The measuring principle is based onmaking visible the resistance the samplematerial opposes to the rotating blades.The corresponding torque moves a dynamometer out of its zero position.In compliance with the existingstandards and test specifications,a typical ‘Plastogram®’ (torque and stock temperature vs. time) is recordedfor each sample material.This diagram shows the relationship between torque (viscosity) and temperature/time in consideration of structural changes of the material.The measured data are displayed numerically as a table and/or graphically as a diagram during themeasurement on the monitor and can be printed and stored.

The Software

The Principle

FUSION TIME STABILITY TIME

SOLID ZONE MELT ZONETRANSITION ZONE

TORQ

UE/

VISC

OSI

TY

TORQUE/VISCOSITY

STOCK TEMPERATURE

TIME

MIXER SET TEMPERATURE

LENGTH OF BARREL

2/31/3

Comparison of a Plastogram®

to the processing behavior of the material in an extruder

*depending on the specific weight and bulk density of the

Mixer W 50

BRABENDER ® PlastogramPLASTI-CORDER ® and Mixer Measuring Head

Fusion BehaviourTestbedingungenOrder : BRABENDER®

Operator : EickmeierDate : 08.11.99Drive Unit : PL2200Mixer : W 50Loading Chute : manual + 5 kgSample : PVCAdditive :

Speed : 30 1/minMixer Temp. : 180 °CStart Temp : 176 °CMeas. Range : 50 NmDamping : 2Test Time : 5 minSample weight : 60,0 gCode Number : 1

Name Time [h:m:s] Torque [Nm] Stock Temp. [°C]

Loading Peak A 00:00:08 47,0 129Minimum B 00:00:58 15,4 172Inflection Point G 00:01:50 25,1 182Maximum X 00:02:22 34,8 189End E 00:05:00 28,8 198

Integration / EnergyLoading Peak to Minimum A - B 6,1 [kNm]Minimum to Maximum B - X 12,3 [kNm]Maximum to End X - E 30,6 [kNm]Loading Peak to Maximum A - X 18,4 [kNm]Loading Peak to End (W) A - E 48,9 [kNm]Spezific Energy (W/Sample Weight) 0,8 [kNm/g]Gelation Area above B B - X 4,2 [kNm]

ResultsFusion Time t A - X 00:02:14 [h:m:s]Gelation Speed v 31,8 [Nm/min]

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

210

200

190

180

170

160

150

140

130

120

11000:00:00 00:01:00 00:02:00 00:03:00 00:04:00 00:05:00

Time [h:m:s]

Temp. (Stock)Torque

Torq

ue [N

m]

Temp. (S

tock) [°C

]

B EG XA

t

The Mixers

The W 50 with its roller blades is theallrounder among the mixers. It is usedfor all thermoplastics. The special shapeof the rotors, developed byBRABENDER® more than 50 years ago,as well as the tight clearance betweenrotors and mixing chamber guaranteean intensive, high shear mixing.The rotor speed ratio of 2 : 3 (driven tonon driven) results in a high torqueresolution which allows a better differ-entiation, especially when testing lowviscosity polymers.

A X

min

Nm

D

tD

t

B

A G

min

Nm

B

t

±20%

EX

Fusion Behavior

A: Loading PeakB: MinimumG: Inflection PointX: MaximumE: Endt: A - X = Fusion Timev: G ± 20% = Gelation Speed

Heat and Shear Stability

A : Loading PeakB : MinimumX : MaximumD : Decompositiont : A - X = Fusion TimetD : A - D = Decomposition Time

Mixer W 50 W 30 N 50 MB 30 B 50W 50 EHT W 30 EHT N 50 EHT B 50

Application thermoplastics thermoplastics caoutchouc thermosets caou

Volume of mixer bowl 55 30 80 25 70approx. [cm3]

Sample weight* [g] 40 - 70 25 - 40 40 - 80 20 - 40 40 -

Heating/cooling liquid liquid liquid liquid liquidel. heating/air el. heating/air el. heating/air el. he

Torque max. [Nm] 200 200 200 200 200

Speed ratio 2 : 3 2 : 3 2 : 3 3 : 2 1 : 1.driven : idle blade

Operating temperature 200 200 200 200 200max. [°C] 500 500 500 500

Dimensions (W*H*D) 700*200*450 700*200*430 700*200*450 700*200*430 700*[mm] 500*200*450 500*200*430 500*200*450 500*

Net weight approx. 18 13 18 13 18[kg] 17 17 17 17

The mixer has delta-shaped rotors andis used for thermosetting materials.It was developed and designed by BRABENDER® together with a group ofrenowned producers and complies withthe German standard DIN 53 764. It ismade of a special, hardened steel toprevent abrasion. For an accurate tem-perature control, the MB 30 mixer isheated with liquid.

Mixer MB 30

BRABENDER ® PlastogramPLASTI-CORDER ® and Mixer Measuring HeadFC Behaviour of Crossl.Polymers (DIN 53764)

Test_ConditionsOrder : BRABENDER®

Operator : EickmeierDate : 09.11.99Drive Unit : PL2200Mixer : MB 30Loading Chute : manual. + 5 kgSample : ThermosettingAdditive :

Speed : 45 1/minMixer Temp. : 140 °CStart Temp : 140 °CMeas. range : 50 NmDamping : 1Test Time : 5 minSample Weight : 24,0 gCode Number : 1

Name Time [h:m:s] Torque [Nm] Stock Temp. [°C]

Loading Peak A 00:00:06 41,7 114Minimum B 00:00:44 4,8 134Maximum X 00:02:12 39,0 160Start Resid. Time V1 00:00:19 7,8 127Stop Resid Time V2 00:01:20 7,8 140Stop Reaction R 00:01:47 14,8 148

Integration / EnergyLoading Peak to Minimum A - B 1,7 [kNm]Minimum to Reaction B - R 2,5 [kNm]Residence Time tV 1,7 [kNm]Loading Peak to Reaction (W) A - R 4,2 [kNm]Spezific Energy (W/Sample Weight) 0,2 [kNm/g]

Results A - X 00:02:06 [h:m:s]Residence Time tV f(MB+3,0 Nm) V1- V2 00:01:01 [h:m:s]Melting Time tM A - B 00:00:38 [h:m:s]Curing Time tC B - R 00:01:03 [h:m:s]Reactions Time tR f(MB+10,0Nm) A - R 00:01:41 [h:m:s]

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

7000:00:00 00:00:30 00:01:00 00:01:30 00:02:00 00:02:30

Time [h:m:s]

Temp. (Stock)Torque

Torq

ue [N

m]

Temp. (S

tock) [°C

]

B V2 R XA

tR

tV

tM tC

V1

A B

min

Nm

tM

±20%

R X

tC

tR

V1 V2

tV

Flow-Curing Behavior of CrosslinkingPolymers acc. to DIN 53 764

A : Loading PeakB : MinimumX : MaximumV1: Start Residence TimeV2: Stop Residence TimeR : Stop ReactiontV: Residence Time at B + 3.0 NmtM: Melting TimetC: Curing TimetR: Reaction Time at B + 10.0 Nm

0 S 300 C P 600 W/N/B/S 350 W/N/B/S 350 S W 1000 S0 EHT W/N/B/S 350 E

tchouc powders powders various various various

600 2500 370 - 440 370 - 440 1000 - 1200

70 200 - 600 variable acc. 250 - 500 250 - 500 650 - 1350acc. to ASTM to DIN/ISO

d liquid liquid liquid liquid liquideating/air el. heating/air

50 5 400 400 1200150 (S) 150 (S)

.11 2 : 3 - 3 : 2 3 : 2 3 : 21 : 1.11 (B) 1 : 1.11 (B)

300 150 250 250 250300

*200*450 230*195*350 300*420*550 550*260*400 450*410*200 620*2000*780*200*450 650*260*400

18 11 44 90 57046

The BRABENDER® N 50 mixer with itscam blades is the standard mixer fortesting natural and synthetic elastomerswith regard to flow and cure behavior,mastication, compounding with addi-tives such as carbon black, silicic acid,etc., breakdown index, and black incor-poration time BIT. Furthermore, the flow

Mixer N 50

BRABENDER ® PlastogramPLASTI-CORDER ® und Mixer Measuring Head

Flow-Curing Behaviour of ElastomersTestbedingungenOrder : BRABENDER®

Operator : EickmeierDate : 10.11.99Drive Unit : PL2200Mixer : N 50Loading Chute : ram + 5 kgSample : ElastomerAdditive :

Speed : 60 1/minMixer Temp. : 140 °CStart Temp : 136 °CMeas. Range : 25 NmDamping : 3Test Time : 5 minSample weight : 94,0 gCode Number : 1

Name Time [h:m:s] Torque [Nm] Stock Temp. [°C]

Loading Peak A 00:00:12 29,5 96Minimum B 00:02:06 17,3 139Maximum X 00:03:28 23,5 150Residence V 00:02:28 17,9 143Reaction R 00:02:58 22,3 146

Integration / EnergyLoading peak to Minimum A - B 13,7 [kNm]Minimum to Reaction B - R 6,2 [kNm]Residence Time tV 7,1 [kNm]Reaction Time tR 19,9 [kNm]Spezific Energy (W/Sample Weight) 0,2 [kNm/g]

ResultsResidence Time tV 00:01:04 [h:m:s]Mastication tM A - B 00:01:54 [h:m:s]Scorch Time tC B - R 00:00:52 [h:m:s]Reaction Time tR A - R 00:02:46 [h:m:s]

30

27

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

7000:00:00 00:01:00 00:02:00 00:03:00 00:04:00 00:05:00

Time [h:m:s]

Temp. (Stock)Torque

Torq

ue [N

m]

Temp. (S

tock)[°C

]

B V R XA

tR

tV

The BRABENDER® planetary mixer P 600is used for testing the properties ofpowders like e.g. the liquid absorptionand the plasticizer absorption rate ofPVC powders in compliance with inter-

Planetary Mixer P 600

BRABENDER ® PlastogramPLASTI-CORDER ® and Mixer Measuring Head

PVC Dry Blend Plasticizer AbsorptionTestbedingungenOrder : BRABENDER®

Operator : EickmeierDate : 10.11.99Drive Unit : PL2200Mixer : P 600Loading Chute : Sample : PVCPlasticizer : DOP

Speed : 100 1/minMixer Temp. : 88 °CStart Temp : 85 °CMeas. range : 2 NmDamping : 3Test Time : 20 minSample Weight : 400,0 gPlast. Weight : 200,0 g

Name Time [h:m:s] Torque [Nm] Stock Temp. [°C]

Plasticizer Input B 00:05:00 0,19 86Maximum X 00:05:30 1,11 83Dry point T 00:08:48 0,57 87End E 00:20:00 0,83 88

Integration / EnergyStart to Plasticizer Input 0 - B 646,1 [kNm]Plasticizer Input to Dry Point B - T 2326,8 [kNm]Dry Point to End T - E 5767,1 [kNm]Plasticizer Input to End (W) B - E 8094,0 [kNm]Spezific Energy (W/Total Weight) 13,5 [kNm/g]

ResultsAbsorption Time t B - T 00:03:48 [h:m:s]

2,0

1,8

1,6

1,4

1,2

1,0

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

1000:00:00 00:04:00 00:08:00 00:12:00 00:16:00 00:20:00

Time [h:m:s]

Temp. (Stock)Torque

Torq

ue [N

m]

Temp. (S

tock[°C

]

E

t

B X T

behavior of electrode masses and cera-mic molding materials can be deter-mined as a function of temperatureand shear, and absorption tests can be run on materials like iron oxide powder, carbon black, pigments, andsimilar materials with particle sizes inthe µm range.

national standards or the pourability ofPVC dry blends, further for preparingPVC pastes for tests in compliancewith DIN 54 800 and for testing PVCpastes in compliance with ISO 4612.

A B

min

Nm

tM

R X

tC

tR

V

tV

Flow-Curing Behavior of Elastomers

A : Loading PeakB : MinimumX : MaximumV : ResidenceR : ReactiontV: Residence TimetM: A - B = Mastication TimetC: B - R = Scorch TimetR: A - R = Reaction Time

A special rotor runs in a planetary motion in the mixer bowl.A revolving scraper prevents the sample material from sticking to the mixer wall.

t

B EX

min

Nm

T

PVC Dry Blend Plasticizer Absorption

B : Plasticizer InputX : MaximumT : Dry PointE : End

t : B - T = Absorption Time

The special mixer type 350 S was devel-oped above all for the rubber and caoutchouc industry. The middle sectionof the mixer bowl is divided horizontal-ly in the middle to permit quick andeasy opening of the mixer e.g. fortaking material for subsequent or com-parative tests.The mixer is perfectly suited for thedetermination of the black incorpora-tion time BIT, for measuring the break-down index, or for compounding andmixing various components while mea-suring the material behavior at thesame time. The large volume permits to process enough quantities of material.

Special Mixer 350 S

Measuring mixers W 50 / W 50 EHT

ASTM D 2538 Fusion test of PVC resins

Measuring mixer W 30

ASTM D 3795 Thermal flow and cure properties of thermosetting plastics

Measuring mixer N 50

ASTM D 3185 General evaluation method for SBR + OilASTM D 3186 General evaluation method for SBR + Carbon BlackASTM D 3187 General evaluation method for NBRASTM D 3188 General evaluation method for IIRASTM D 3189 General evaluation method for Solution BRASTM D 3190 General evaluation method for CRASTM D 3191 General evaluation method for Carbon Black in SBRASTM D 3192 General evaluation method for Carbon Black in NRASTM D 3403 General evaluation method for IRASTM D 3484 General evaluation method for Oil extended Solution BRASTM D 3848 General evaluation method for NBR + Carbon BlackASTM D 3568 General evaluation method for EPDM + Oil

Measuring mixer MB 30

DIN 53 764 Flow and cure behavior of thermosets

Planetary mixer P 600

DIN 54 800 Preparation of PVC pastesDIN 54 802 Determination of the plasticizer absorption of

vinyl chloride (VC) polymer compoundsDIN EN/ISO 4612 Preparation of a paste from PVC paste resins

Measuring mixer S 300 (sigma blades)

ASTM D 2396 Powder-mix test of PVC resins

Standard

Methods with

BRABENDER®

Measuring

Mixers

BRABENDER® agencies all over the world.© 2000 BRABENDER® OHG DUISBURGAll trademarks are registered.

052000 - 300025061 E

BRABENDER® OHG DUISBURG · Kulturstr. 51-55 · 47055 Duisburg · GermanyPhone -49-203-7788-0 · Fax -49-203-7788-100 E-Mail: plastics-sales@brabender.com · Internet: http://www.brabender.com

Subject to changes of design and technical modifications without notice

BRABENDER® measuring mixers standout for many favorable processing features:

n easy handling and cleaning through bipartite (with liquid heating/cooling) or tripartite (with electric heating) mixer bowl

n precise and constant heating/coolingof the mixers with electric heating through three separate, independentheating zones

n operating temperatures of up to 500°C with electric heating

A modern applicational laboratory is atthe disposal of all customers and inter-ested parties for trials with their ownmaterials.All measuring systems of BRABENDER®

OHG can be tested under severe condi-tions. An experienced expert team willassist the tests and will stay at your dis-posal at any time for further questions.

Together, we will find the optimumsolutions for your special problems andprove their suitability.

n easy cleaning and manifold applica-tions through quickly detachable and partially interchangeable mixer blades

n large program of additional equip-ment like e.g. loading chutes, blade extractors, sealing covers for tests under inert gas or for gas flow mea-surements, automatic precision dosing pumps for adding liquids, etc.

The

BRABENDER®

Support

Convincing Processing

Advantages