Goal — The BP Routing Collaboration tool is a web-based .NET application consisting of server-based GIS and modeling components that identify the least cost path optimization for pipeline routing and integrate procedures for Hydraulic, Cost and Economic evaluation of

alternative routes. Primarily for Pre-Appraise, Appraise, & Select (Design, Construct & Operate).

BP Routing Collaboration Tool

• Databases for application and spatial data (GIS).

• Models integrated or stand alone for generating pipeline routes and evaluation of hydraulic, cost and economic factors.

Components — The application consists of three major components:

• Web Environment for user access/security, viewing existing project data and simulations, generating new simulations, storage of results and database maintenance.

Progress report 2004

Application Process Flow

Normal UserUser AdminProject AdminModel AdminData Admin

Interface/SecurityR, H, C, E ModelsModel Parameters

Map Data_________________________

Simulations

Database

Web-based

CostModel

Segment:

Terrain factorClimateLand UseSlopeReinstatementGroundwaterEnvironmentCrossingsGeo-hazards

User Input

HydraulicModel

Factor Maps

GIS-derivedInput Data

Segment:

ElevationSlope lengthTerrain factor

User Input

EconomicModel

User Input

RoutingModel

Route/Corridor

Global Map Level

Database Elements

Administrative Data (Oracle)

• Tabular data specifying user profiles, security setting, etc.

Non-Spatial Model Data (Oracle)

• Tabular Input and Tabular/Graphic Output data for the Hydraulic, Cost and Economic Models

Spatial Data (Arc SDE)

• Background/Navigational maps for reference (vector)

• Routing Model maps of selection criteria (raster)

• Global Maps (1km)— 8 layers including exclusion and preference layers (online)

• Regional Maps (30-90m)— 22 layers including exclusion and preference Layers (project specific)

• Local Maps (<30m)— custom set of additional high resolution map layers as appropriate for final siting and engineering design

• GIS-derived data for input to the Hydraulic and Cost Models Regional Map Level

BP Routing Model Criteria Maps (Regional)

Land Cover (1)Sensitive Areas (7)

Environmental

Wt. AverageEnvironmental

Population Density (9)Population Proximity (4)Environmental HCA (9)HCA Proximity (1)

Consequences

Wt. AverageConsequences

Land Use (1)Ground Type (6)Infrastructure (3)Major Crossings (5)Terrain Slope (8)Construction Period (7)Restoration Costs (3)

Construction

Wt. AverageConstructionRegional Security (8)

Geo-hazards (9)Third party (5)Construction Hazards (1)

Hazards

Wt. AverageHazards

Wt. AverageALL CRITERIA

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

CombinedEXCLUSIONS

Exclusions Physical BarriersMaximum SlopesSecurity ConflictsProtected AreasCity CentersUnstable Areas

Discrete Cost Surface

Can’t go there…

Avoid if possible…

Routing Model

Excluded Areas

Routing Criteria: Environmental Factors Construction Concerns Hazards to Avoid Consequences

Overall Avoidance

Step 1 generating the Discrete Cost Surface is the most critical step

Project Selection (BP-Pipe)

Upon logging-in, users are presented with a listing of existing projects they are authorized to view. Selecting a project enables them to interact with existing project simulations they or others have created, or generate new

project simulations to identify new alternative routes or to specify different evaluation model assumptions.

Setting-up a Route Simulation (Project Area)

Using the Global database, the user selects a new Project Area, identifies beginning/end points…

Fort Collins

San Diego

Discrete Cost Surface (slope)

…and criteria layers and weights to be used (only terrain slope in this example)

Discrete Cost Surface

Setting-up a Route Simulation (user input interface)

1) Enter route simulation name and comments

2) Identify criteria layers and weights to be used for the simulation

3) Identify Begin and End points that will define the route

…the simulation parameters are written to a queue to be processed as hardware and software resources come available (about 3 to 5 minutes for a “typical” routing simulation)

Route Simulation ResultsThe simulation is queued for processing then displayed as the Optimal

Route (blue line) and 1% Optimal Corridor (cross-hatched)

1% Corridor

Fort Collins

San DiegoOptimal

Path

4% Corridor

FC

SD

Route Segmentation (Hydraulic Model Input)

Uniform Length Segmentation

Elevation

Terrain-based Segmentation

…based on elevation profile such that segments are dependent on terrain

inflection points

S1S2

S3S4

S5

S6 S7S8

S9S10

S11S12

S13 S14 S15S16

…based on planimetric distance such that segments

are all the same length

# SegmentsLengthS1

S2

S3

S4S5

S6S7

S8

S9

S10S11

S12

S13

S14

S15

S16

S17

S18S19

S20

Hydraulic Model Input

Elevation profileSegment slope

Soil/Slope Terrain factor

Hydraulic Input Table

Natural gas tool recommends optimal combination of pipe diameter, MAOP, & compressor station size/spacing to deliver the most cost effective solution.

Liquid tool calculates optimum combinations of pipe diameter, design pressure, pumping requirements, & pressure reduction stations to find the solution for minimum cost.

Hydraulic Model (Excel)

Output

Input

Input Specifications

Routing Variables

Route Segmentation (Cost Model Input)

AB

A & B

UniversalConditions

Cost Model Input

Design Factor, Land Use, Ground Water, Geo-hazards, etc.

Cost Input Table

…intersecting the route with the “universal conditions” map divides the

route into segments having constant conditions throughout their lengths.

VariableLength

SegmentsS1

S2S3

S4

S5S6

S7

S8S9

S10

S11

B

B

A

AA

A

ADesign FactorLand Use

Ground WaterGeo-hazardsClimate

Conditions-based Segmentation

Tool estimates material, construction, & overhead costs for onshore pipelines & associated facilities

The basis of the tool is a calculation algorithm which uses cost factors (or cost increments) based upon the inputs

Factored cost elements are then re-compiled into an overall cost estimate – which reflects the combined impact of the input pipeline characteristics

Cost Model (Excel)

Output

InputPipeline Name

& Length

General Size& Location Data

Line Pipe Material& Costing

Data

Product Characteristics& Wall Thickness Data

Economic Model (Excel)

The Economic Model is used to calculate project economic parameters to assess the commercial viability of the project. Output parameters include NPV, IRR, & Tariff.

Application Processing Flow (Summary)

Processing Flow

(1) User Environment – login and

select project (User, Projects, Data and Model Administer access)

(2) Project Simulations – view

previous results and enter specification for new simulations

(3) Databases – application

automatically accesses appropriate parameters and spatial data

(4) Routing Criteria – map layers at

the appropriate analysis level are weighted

(5) Routing Model – routing model

derives the optimal route and corridor

(6) Route Segmentation –

proposed route is divided into segments for calculating Hydraulic and Cost model input parameters

(7) Hydraulic Model – route is

segmented, GIS data derived, user input specified then results generated

(8) Cost Model – route is

segmented, GIS data derived, Hydraulic Model results and user input specified input then results generated

(9) Economic Model – Cost Model

results and user input specified then results generated

GenerateRoute

Evaluate RouteG

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Similarities and Differences

…the BP application is unique in how it directly involves stakeholders in the simulation of potential routes within a web environment and the full integration of GIS and Excel decision support models (technological emphasis)

…the GTC application is unique in how it directly involves stakeholders in the calibration and weighting map criteria layers and establishes a procedure that is objective, quantitative, predictable, consistent, and defensible (social emphasis)

…so what is the take-home for GIS students and professionals?

Both the GTC and the BP applications utilize well established Routing and Optimal Path techniques to determine the best route for a linear feature…

Electric Transmission Line Oil & Gas Pipeline