BowlesofWageningenandtheirEnglishroots VersionDecember2019JanRitsemavanEck(j.ritsemavaneck@planet.nl)WithsincerethankstoTomLaporte(forsharinghisdocumentsonthebrothersRobertandHenryBuckBowles,andforpostingthispaperonhisimpressivewebsite),toJennyCockshull(forlookingupsomeEnglishdocumentsthatIwasnotabletofind),toJessicadeSchipper(fortheEnglishtranslation)andtoAnneRitsemavanEck(forsharingtwophotographsfromhercollection).

In1898mygreat-grandparentsCornelisReintSimonRitsemavanEck(1877–1953)andCarolinaAugustaBowles(1877–1945)weremarriedinWageningen,NL1.HerfamilyhadplayedanimportantroleinWageningensincethedayhergrandfatherRobertBowles(1813–1880)movedtherein18412.ResearchintohisbackgroundleadsusviaLondonandBritishIndiatoNorwich.In1743JoshuaBowles,acordwainerfromGreatYarmouth3,andSarahBuckweremarriedinNorwich4.Theyhadatleasteightchildren,fourofwhomsurvivedtoadulthood:Robert,HenryBuck,ElizabethBuckandSara.Joshua’sfatherRobertwasahorsegrenadier3.Joshua’ssonsbothfollowedinthefootstepsoftheirgrandfatherandpursuedamilitarycareer.

Around1765Robert(1744–1812)enlistedinthearmyoftheBritishEastIndiaCompany(EIC)5.PossiblyhewasthelieutenantBowlesofthefirstBombayEuropeanRegimentwhowastakenprisonerin1768byTippoo,thesonoftheSultanofMysore,duringthefirstAnglo-Mysorewar6.Alieutenant-colonelbythenameof

ScenefromtheAnglo-MysoreWars

C.A.BowlesandC.R.S.RitsemavanEck,1898

Bowleswasthecommanderofthe1stbattalionofthe1stBombayEuropeanRegimentin17886.AndaColonelRobertBowleswascommanderoftheEICtroopsinKeralain1795,involvedinthetransferofthefortressesoftheDutchVOCtotheBritish7.In1800heheldtherankofmajor-generalandbecamecommanderinchiefoftheEICtroopsinBombay8.HereturnedtoEuropein18018.InLondonhebecameinvolvedwithhisyounghousekeeperElizabethAldous9.ShewasmarriedtooneHenryAlden10,asawyer,butshelivedwithRobert9.RobertregardedherdaughterElizaIsabellaashisfosterchild11.InMay1811HenryAldenandElizabethobtainedadivorceinScotland9andinDecemberthatyearRobertandElizabethweremarried9.Themarriagedidnotlastlong:inSeptember1812Robertdied10,aged68.Asoneobituarysaid:“Itisbutajusttributeduetothecharacterofthisofficertosay,thatheservedtheEast-IndiaCompanywithhonourandintegrityforthespaceofthirty-fiveyears.Heliveduniversallyesteemed,anddieddeeplylamented,byallthosewhohadenjoyedthepleasureofhissociety.”12

HenryBuckBowles(1748-1797)probablyenlistedatthesametimeashisbrotherormaybesomeyearslater.In1778hemarriedChristianaThomson13,anieceofJamesEidingtoun,acolonelintheEIC.ThemarriagetookplaceinPalamcotta,agarrisontowninthefarsouthofIndia.HenrywasacaptaininthecavalryoftheNabobofArcot,alocalsovereigninthevicinityofMadrasandanallyoftheEIC.In1780theNabobowedhimthesumof1172pagoda,23fanamand44cashinoutstandingpay,theequivalentof500pounds.WhentheNabob’sdebtswerediscussedintheBritishparliamentin1813thissumhadincreasedwithinteresttoover1200pounds14.Likehisbrother,HenryBuckwastakenprisonerby

Tippoo13,maybeafterthesiegeandconquestofArcotin1780,duringthesecondAnglo-Mysorewar15.DuringhiscaptivityChristianahadadaughterthatunfortunatelydiedbeforehewasreleasedattheendofthewar13.Twochildrenweretofollow:AnneandHenry13.In1789thesechildrentravelledtoEuropewithColonelEidingtoun’swife.TheretheygrewupintheEidingtouns’houseinGargunnock,countyStirling,inCentralScotland13.TheirfatherHenryBuckdiedinMarch1797inMadras16.YoungHenry(1788-1835)enlistedintheBritisharmyin1804andultimatelybecameCaptainofthe81stRegimentofFoot13.Thisregiment,originallytheLoyalLincolnVolunteers,wasfounded1793inreactiontotheFrenchRevolution.From1804onwards,duringtheNapoleonicWars,theregimentfoughtina.o.Italy,SpainandtheNetherlands17.

SouthIndia

WeknowforsurethatHenryfoughtinthebattleofCorunna(LaCoruñainSpain)in1809andthathisuncleRobertwasfullofpraiseabouthisnephew’sconductonthisoccasion13.In1815,afterNapoleon’sdefeat,the81stRegimentofFootwasstationedinIreland17.There,in1817inTralee,HenrymarriedElizabethBridgetStokes18,daughterofOliverStokes,magistrateforKerry19.LaterHenrybecamemagistrate

forKerryhimself20.HediedfromfeverinFebruary1834athishomeinSackvillenearTralee21.WereturntoElizabeth,Robert’swidowaftertheirshort-livedmarriage.Thecircumstancesoftheirmarriageledtoseveralcourtcases,whichwereultimatelyaboutthegeneral’sconsiderableinheritance9.Herfirsthusband,HenryAlden,hadcomebacktolivewithhershortlyafterRobert’sdeath9.HadherScottishdivorcefromHenrybeenlegalandhadhermarriagewithRobertthereforebeenlegitimate?Newspaperspublishedjuicystoriesaboutthe“lasciviousoldgeneral”whowas“nearly80yearsofage”(infact,hewas67),andtheyoungcouplewhoconspiredtogetholdofhisproperty“whichwasimmense”22.However,whenElizabethwastriedforbigamyintheOldBailey,shewasacquitted23.Then,inJune1813,exactlyninemonthsafterRobert’sdeath,Elizabethgavebirthtoasonwhowasbaptized“RobertBowles,sonofRobertBowlesandElizabethAlden”10.WasthechildreallyRobert’ssonandlegalheir?OrwasRobert’snephewHenry

Bowlesthesoleheir?Thecourtcaseaboutthislastedforoveradecade,duringwhichHenryBowlesmarried,HenryAldenandtwoofthewill’sthreeexecutorsdied,andElizabethremarriedtwice:firsttoSamuelHerbert,oneoftheexecutors9,andlatertoJamesMcBean,alieutenantinthe18thRegimentHussars24.ApparentlythecasewasultimatelysettledinawaythatbenefitedbothHenryBowlesandElizabeth.In1827hersharewastransferredtoa“separatelegacyaccountofElizabethMcBean”25.In1833shedied,fourtimeswidowed24.Sheleftthelion’sshareofherpossessionstohersonRobert26.

TheBattleofCorunna

TheNetherlandsandBelgium

Atthetimeofhismother’sdeath,youngRobertwaslivinginTheNetherlands.Whenorwhyhehadmovedthereisasyetunclear.AtanyratehewasaninhabitantofRotterdamin1832ashewasgivenalotnumberformilitarydraft.Hisnumberdidnotcomeupsohedidnothavetoserve24.In1834hemarriedElisabethPetronellaWilhelminaKonings,daughterofaRotterdamtobaccomerchant1.In1841theymovedtoWageningen2.ThereRobertboughtthebrickworks‘Steenovens-weert’,locatedontheriverRhine.In1846hestartedasecondbrickworks,‘DeBovenstePolder’withhisBelgian

businesspartnerJohannesLans.Afewyearslaterthepartnershipsplitup:Lansgot‘DeBovenstePolder’andRobertwouldleadthebrickworksatSteenovensweertfortherestofhislife27.In1851,RobertappliedforDutchcitizenship.TherewassomeconfusionaboutthenameAldenonthebaptismrecordthatacivilservanthadreceivedfromanEnglishcolleague.Intheendthegovernmentletparliamentknowthatitwasnotanimpedimentfornaturalization2.Bylawnr.27ofMarch4,1852RobertBowlesofficiallybecameaDutchcitizen28.Asalargeemployer,heplayedaprominentroleinWageningen.In1876hewaselectedtotheTownCouncil29.Hediedin1880inWageningen1.

HiseldestsonRobertusPetrus(1835-1897)joinedtheinfantryoftheDutchEastIndiesArmy.In1866hewasdecoratedforhisactionsduringtheexpeditioninthePasoemahlands,southwestSumatra30.In1870hemarriedCorneliaJohannaSchäferattheFortressWillemInearAmbarawa,centralJava31.CorneliawasthedaughterofJanSchäfer,officerintheArmycorpsofEngineers,andEmaransiaPurinama,anAmbonesewoman32.Robertclimbedtherankstobecomelieutenant-colonelandwasstationedinBarabei,Borneo30.WhenhiswifeCorneliafellseriouslyillheappliedforleaveandtookhisfamilytoEurope.In1882CorneliadiedintheGermanspatownofWiesbaden32.RobertPetrusbroughthischildrenbacktoliveinR.P.Bowlesandfamily,Bataviaaround1875

Brickworks‘DeBovenstePolder’

Wageningen.AfterthedeathoftheirfatherthebrickworkshadbecomethepropertyofhisbrotherJohannesStephanus.NowRobertusPetrustookoverthemanagement27.Largelyfinancedbyhisbrother,RobertalsodevelopedBowlesPark,aresidentialprojectonthesiteoftheformercastleofWageningen33.In1897hediedinWageningen1.

Java

SecondsurvivingsonHubertusHenrikus(1842–1919)joinedtheNavyandrosetotherankoflieutenantintheDutchEastIndies34.HemarriedMariaAliciaFranciscaHenricavanLil,daughteroftheFlemishphysicianPetrusJosephusvanLil35.ShediedintheIndiesin187732.HubertusHenrikuswasremarriedtoHubertinaMagdalenaStuur32.In1898hewasco-founderoftheNVGroenewoud,acompanyfortheexploitationofbuildingsitesthatdevelopedaluxuryresidentialareainNijmegen36.In1919hediedinSwitzerland37.

YoungestsonJohannesStephanus(1844-1929)wasaplanterintheDutchIndies,asco-ownerandmanagerofthesugarplantationandsugarworksKadhipaten38nearMadjalengka,westernJava.HemarriedSusannaAugustinaLeRoux32,daughterofinfantrycaptainCarlJustienLeRoux.In1885hesoldhisfather’s

brickworks,thathisbrotherRobertusPetrushadbeenmanaging,toJoanChristiaandeRidder27.In1886JohannesStephanusbecamechiefadministratorofthePamanoekanandTjassemlands,averylargeplantationconcerninwesternJava39.HefinancedthedevelopmentoftheBowlesParkinWageningenbyhisbrotherRobertusPetrus33.In1890hedivorcedhiswife32.AfterhisreturnfromtheIndieshesettledinBrussels,BE.TherehebecamechairmanoftheDutchCharitableSociety,forwhichhewasknightedin190440.Hewasremarriedin1913toMariaKoller35.Hediedin1929inBrussels37.

AsugarfactoryinJava

Genealogy1JoshuaBowles,marriedNorwich(St.JohnTimberhill)September19,1743toSaraBuck4.Theirchildren:-Robert,follows2.1.-ElizabethbaptizedNorwich(St.JohnTimberhill)September28,17464,presumablydiedbeforeJuly21,1751.-HenryBuck,follows2.2.-ElizabethBuckbaptizedNorwich(St.JohnTimberhill)July21,1751,marriedNorwichDecember18,1770toJohnBolingbroke4.-SarahbaptizedinNorwich(St.JohnTimberhill)March101754,marriedNorwich(St.John’s,Maddermarket)November9,1783toJohnWoodrow4.-CharlottebaptizedinNorwich(St.JohnTimberhill)February29,1756,buriedNorwich(StJohnTimberhill)April13,17564-JoshuabaptizedNorwich(StJohnTimberhill)September4,17574,presumablydiedbeforeJanuary2,1759-JoshuabaptizedNorwich(St.JohnTimberhill)2January1759,buriedNorwich(StJohnTimberhill)April28,17604.2.1RobertBowlesbaptizedNorwich(StJohnTimberhill),23September17444,major-generalandcommander-in-chiefoftheEICArmyinBombay1800-18018,diedLondonSeptember6,1812,buried(St.GeorgeBloomsbury)September1210,marriedLondon(OldChurchSt.Pancras)December171811toElizabethAldous10,baptizedNewBuckenham,NorfolkJanuary311780,daughterofJohnAldousandElizabethParker4,buriedSt.Leonards,DevonJune29183324.Theirchild(legitimacycontestedincourt9):-Robert,follows3.ElizabethhadbeenmarriedbeforeLonden(StGeorgeClerkenwell)May181799toHenryAlden,sawyer10,buriedNewBuckenham,Norfolk,February1018204;thismarriagewasendedindivorcebytheCommissaryCourtofScotlandJune7th18119.Childfromthismarriage:ElizaIsabellaBowlesHerbertAlden,bornLondon,January19180510,marriedLondon(OldChurchStPancras)July26,1825toGeorgeHopkinson10.ElizabethwasmarriedlaterNewBuckenham,NorfolkJuly13,1820toSamuelHerbert4,buriedSouthwark,Surrey(St.GeorgetheMartyr)February9182110,andfinallyStHeliers(Jersey)October4,182641toJamesMcBean,lieutenantofthe18thHussars,diednearMannheim,Germany,August27,183124.2.2HenryBuckBowles,baptizedNorwich(St.JohnTimberhill)October2,17484,captainoftheNabobofArcot’sCavalry13,diedMadrasMarch24179716,marriedPalamcotta,IndiaFebruary1778toChristianaThomson13.Theirchildren:-ason,diedimmediatelyafterbirth13.-adaughter,presumablybornin1780or1781anddiedbefore178413.-Anne,borninIndiabetween1784and178813,diedBoulogne-sur-Mer(France)July8,183542,marriedtoJamesWool13,42-Henry,baptizedArcot,IndiaOctober178813,captainofthe81stRegimentofFoot,magistrateforKerry20,diedSackvilleHouse,KerryFebruary183421,marriedinTralee,November18,1817toElizabethBridgetStokes,daughterofOliverStokes,magistrateforKerry,andElizabethDay18,diedLassinagh,nearTralee,May1,185743

3.RobertBowles,bornLondonJune7181310,brickmanufacturer27,memberofWageningenCouncil29,naturalizedtoDutchnationalitybylawofMarch4185228,diedWageningenMarch1018801,marriedRotterdamJanuary27,1834toElisabethPetronellaWilhelminaKonings1,baptizedRotterdamJune9,180744,daughterofPetrusKonings,tobaccomerchant,enClaraMensing,diedWageningenApril2118791.Theirchildren:-RobertusPetrus,follows4.1.-EduardMatthias,bornRotterdamDecember51836,diedBaarle-Hertog,Belgium,November131846.1-MariaJosephine,bornBrummenFebruary2618391,diedTheHagueJune20191545,marriedWageningenAugust301864toAntoniusHenricusSchoemaker,medicaldoctor,bornBorneMarch11834,sonofJohannesBernardusSchoemakerenAleidaMariaMulder,diedAlmeloJuly618851.-HubertusHenricus,follows4.2.-JohannesStephanus,follows4.3.-CarolinaMaria,bornWageningenMarch2318481,diedTheHagueJanuary12193245,marriedWageningen,February261889toAugustJosephRobertJacobusBarge,winemerchant1,bornAmsterdamMarch301849,sonofJamesBargeandMariaElisabethMoormann46,diedTheHagueJanuary14192245.-ElisabethClara,bornWageningenDecember418491,diedTheHagueOctober8192445.4.1RobertusPetrusBowles,bornRotterdamJanuary2118351,lieutenant-coloneloftheDutchEastIndiesInfantry30,diedWageningenJune1918971,married1)Ambarawa,DutchEastIndiesAugust291870toCorneliaJohannaSchäfer31,bornAmbarawa,DutchEastIndiesOctober1185332,diedWiesbaden,GermanyDecember91882,daughterofJanSchäfer,lieutenant-coloneloftheCorpsEngineersintheDutchEastIndiesArmy,andEmaransiaPurinama,anAmbonesewoman32;married2)NijmegenJanuary261888toChristinaQuerinaMariaSusannaElisabethRijser,bornDruten,December111837,diedNijmegenJune61921,daughterofAdriaanRijserandCatharinaJohannaChristinavanRiemsdijk1.Childrenfromthefirstmarriage:-BetsyCornelia,bornAmbarawa,DutchEastIndies,May131871,diedSoebang,DutchEastIndiesDecember4189131,marriedSoebang,DutchEastIndiesSeptember141891toEdouardGustaveAdolpheHalewijn,coffeeplanter31,bornGorontalo,DutchEastIndiesAugust161865,sonofErnstAugustHalewijnandEleonoraFerdinandaLinnenschmidtvanLoffelt31,diedKnocke-leZoute,Belgium,June28192447.-JanRobert,bornBarabei,DutchEastIndies,February5187331,diedHeerenveenDecember2419621,marriedNijmegenJune271905toJohannaRudolphineChristinevandePol1,bornWageningen,October1618821,diedHeerenveenJune2119661,daughterofJacobJanvandePol,brickmanufacturer,andElisabethdeRidder.-CornellyHenriëtteEleonore,bornBarabei,DutchEastIndies,August25187431,marriedBrussels,BelgiumOctober231912toGustaveLouisJeanMans,bornBorgerhout,Belgium,March121878,sonofJeanHenriMansandMarieCésarineGallamaert35.-CarolinaAugusta,bornBatavia,DutchEastIndies,January21187731,diedHeerenveenApril1219451,marriedWageningenAugust418981toCornelisReintSimonRitsemavanEck,bornBatavia,DutchEastIndies,June15187731,inspectoroftheForestryServiceofJavaandMadoera,sonofCornelisRitsemavanEckenAnnaDorotheaMariaBok,diedSchiedam26June19531.4.2HubertusHenricusBowles,bornWageningenApril1418421,diedClarens,Switzerland,October17191737,captainintheDutchEastIndiesNavy,married1)Mechelen,Belgium,November111871toMariaAliciaFranciscaHenricavanLil,

bornBruges,BelgiumJanuary3185335,diedPegandon,DutchEastIndies,December3187731,daughterofPetrusJosephusvanLilenMargaretaMariaGroote;married2)Soemedang,DutchEastIndies,March61879toHubertinaMagdalenaStuur31,bornIJsselmuidenOctober91846,daughterofTjakkoStuurenAntjeHoutman1.Childrenfromthefirstmarriage:-George,bornWageningen,October2018721.-MarieMargueritebornMadjalengka,DutchEastIndies,September18187531.Childfromthesecondmarriage:-Hubertina,bornMadjalengka,DutchEastIndies,October28187931,marriedNijmegen,September281898toWillemJentink,bornBredaFebruary71875,lieutenant-coloneloftheDutchEastIndiesInfantry,sonofAndriesJentinkandMarieCharlotteHenriëtteBeeckman1.4.3JohannesStephanusBowles,bornWageningenOctober1918441,diedBrussels,Belgium,18March192937,sugarplanter,KnightintheOrderofOranjeNassau40,married1)Pasoeroean,DutchEastIndies,March61873toSusannaAugustinaleRoux,bornKediri,DutchEastIndies,March27185331,diedTheHagueApril10190845,daughterofCarelJustienleRoux,captainintheDutchEastIndiesInfantry,andCatharinaHenriëttaKuijp.ThismarriagewasendedindivorceKrawang,DutchEastIndies,June23189031;married2)Brussels,Belgium,May271913toMariaKoller,bornSchaerbeek,BelgiumJune22186835.Childrenfromthefirstmarriage:-CornelieMarie,bornMadjalengka,DutchEastIndies,June9187231,marriedBrussels,BelgiumJuly181911toAntoninKoller,bornSchaerbeek,BelgiumAugust81867,sonofGuillaumeAntoineKollerenHenriëtteRoos35.-JohannesStephanus,bornMadjalengka,DutchEastIndiesJuly21187431,diedJava,1944or194537,accountant,marriedbijproxyNijmegen/Garoet,DutchEastIndies,July261899toStephanieJohannaHenckel,bornSalatiga,DutchEastIndies,February9187631,diedJava,1944or194537,daughterofKarelBernhardHenckel(planter)andHenriëtteGertruideMarieBoers.Childfromthismarriage:JohannesStephanus,bornGaroet,DutchEastIndies,June23190031,diedJava,1944or194537.-RobertKarel,bornMadjalengka,DutchEastIndies,October151875,diedPasoeroean,DutchEastIndies,April12191931,civilservantintheDutchEastIndiesandpoetunderthenameBobBowles,marriedEdeSeptember301910toAaltjeBeek,bornLunterenMay261892,daughterofGijsbertBeek(pubkeeper)andMariaVeldhuizen1.Childfromthismarriage:RobertKarel,bornBandoeng,DutchEastIndies,December9191331.-Justiaan,bornMadjalengka,DutchEastIndies,July191877,diedCheribon,DutchEastIndies,October261877.31-WillemPetrusbornMadjalengka,DutchEastIndies,March181881.31

Illustrations:-C.A.BowlesandC.R.S.RitsemavanEck(1898):photographbyJ.H.vanderLaag.PrivatecollectionAnneRitsemavanEck.-ScenefromtheAnglo-MysoreWars:theSiegeofCuddalorein1783,watercolorbyR.Simkin(1890).BrownUniversityLibrary/WikipediaCommons.-SouthIndia:basedonwallmapbyJamesRennell,printedbyWilliamFaden(1800).GeographicusRareAntiqueMaps/WikipediaCommons.-TheBattleofCorunna:fromTheodoreYung(1860),AlbumdeVingtBataillesdelaRévolution.http://www.albion-prints.com.-TheNetherlandsandBelgium:basedonmapbyCharlesKnight,publishedbytheSocietyfortheDiffusionofUsefulKnowledge(1844).http://www.atlassen.info.-Brickworks‘DeBovenstePolder’:originalbrickworkswerereplacedin1923bythesebuildingsbyJ.J.Wentink.Phototograph:VanGalen(1995).http://rijksmonumenten.nl.-R.P.Bowlesandfamily,Bataviaaround1875:privatecollectionAnneRitsemavanEck.-Java:basedonmapfromBos’SchoolatlaspublishedbyJ.B.Wolters(1935).http://www.niehorster.org.-AsugarfactoryinJava:sugarfactoryPangkainTagal.LithographybyJ.C.GreiveafterapaintingbyA.Salm.WikipediaCommons.Notes:1Dutchrecordsofbirth,marriageanddeathhttp://www.wiewaswie.nl.2DocumentsconcerningtherequestfornaturalizationbyRobertBowles.NLNationalArchives(allfrom2.09.01:1404,Oct251851nr119;1406,Nov15nr79;1407,Nov22nr80;1420,Mar61852nr98;1421,Mar9nr125).3PollbookGreatYarmouth,1754.NorfolkRecordOffice,Norwich.4Norfolkparishregistersdatabasehttp://www.freereg.org.uk,scanshttp://familysearch.org5HeleftIndiain1801(note7)andhadservedtheEICfor35years(note11).6Mainwaring,A.E.&H.C.Wylly(1911),CrownandCompany:TheHistoricalRecordsofthe2ndBatt.RoyalDublinFusiliers,Formerlythe1stBombayEuropeanRegiment,pages192and353.http://archive.org.7Singh,A.(2007),FortCochininKerala1750-1830;thesocialconditionofaDutchcommunityinanIndianmilieu,pages174-181http://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl.8Moore,E.(1801),Acompilationofalltheorders1750to1801oftheBombayArmy,pages5-6.http://books.google.com.9DocumentsinthecasesofBolingbrokevsBowles(PROB37/154)andBowlesvsBruce,Alden,Herbertandothers.UKNationalArchives(C13/204/28,C13/205/26,C13/262/13,C13/262/21,C13/262/36,C13/270/3,C13/1449/14).10Londonparishregisterscanshttp://www.ancestry.co.uk11WillofRobertBowles.UKNationalArchives(PROB11/1542/427).12ObituaryinTheLiteraryPanorama,vol12(1813),page727.http://books.google.com.13BiographicaldataforHenryBuckBowlesandhissonHenryBowlesfromthestatementofMrs.EidingtouninthecaseofBowlesvsBruce.UKNationalArchivesC13/1449/14.14ParliamentaryPapers(EastIndiaCompany):24.Nov.1812-22.July1813,Volume4,pages258and288.http://books.google.com.15SecondAnglo-MysoreWar.http://en.wikipedia.org.16TheestatestatementofHenryBuckBowles.BritishLibrary(L-AG-34-29-199page68)1781stRegimentofFoot(LoyalLincolnVolunteers).http://en.wikipedia.org.18NoticeintheLimerickEveningPostofNov.20th1817.http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/Bowles.pdf.

19Burke,J.(1846)AGenealogicalandHeraldicDictionaryoftheLandedGentryofGreatBritainandIreland,MtoZ,page1308.http://books.google.com.20CountyKerryDirectory1834,OfficialAuthorities.http://www.from-ireland.net/official-authorities-1834-kerry/21NoticeintheLimerickChronicleofMarch1st1834,http://www.limerickcity.iq/library/localstudies.22Forinstance:LancasterGazette,December5th1812andBuryandNorwichPost,December9th1812,https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk23OldBailey:AccountsofCriminalTrials,7thapril1813,https://www.londonlives.org24AnnexestothemarriagerecordofRobertBowlesandElisabethPetronellaWilhelminaKonings,RotterdamMarriages1835/35.http://familysearch.org25ThisaccountwasmentionedmanytimesintheLondonGazetteSupplementListingofDormantFundsinCourt,forexamplein1923.https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32802/supplement/1589/data.pdf.26WillofElizabethMcBean.UKNationalArchives(PROB11/1819/93).27Gast,C.D.(1996),VanKloostermoptotStraatklinker;eenbeknoptoverzichtvandebaksteennijverheidinWageningen(AconciseoverviewofthebrickindustryinWageningen;inDutch).PublishedbyWageningenTownArchive.28NederlandseStaatscourant,March211852.http://www.delpher.nl.29ArnhemseCourant,July271876.http://www.delpher.nl.30StateofserviceofofficersintheDutchEastIndiesArmy:RobertusPetrusBowles.NLNationalArchive(2.13.04:nr398,page161;nr670,page66).31Births,marriagesanddeathsintheDutchEastIndiesfromtheRegerings-AlmanakvanNederlandsch-Indië(usuallyinthevolumeappearingintheyearaftertheevent).32AnnexestothemarriagerecordofCornelisReintSimonRitsemavanEckandCarolinaAugustaBowles,WageningenMarriages1898/35.http://familysearch.org.33Gast,C.D.&M.E.DeRuiter(1994),VanKasteeltotVillawijk,vanMelkpadtotWoonbuurt;geschiedenisvanhetBowlesparkendeleerlooiershuisjesaanhetSpijk.(HistoryoftheBowlesparkandthetanners’shacksonhetSpijk;inDutch).PublishedbyWageningenTownArchive.34MiddelburgscheCourant,July51866.http://www.delpher.nl.35Belgianrecordsofbirth,marriagesanddeath.http://search.arch.be/nl/zoeken-naar-personen.36NederlandseStaatscourantJuly221898.http://www.delpher.nl.37Noticesofbirths,marriages,anddeaths,collectedbytheCBGCentreforFamilyHistory.http://cbgverzamelingen.nl.38ObituaryinBataviaaschNieuwsblad,March211929.http://www.delpher.nl.39BataviaaschHandelsblad,September271886.http://www.delpher.nl.40NederlandscheStaatscourant,September11904.http://www.delpher.nl.41Jerseychurchrecordsdatabase,https://www.theislandwiki.org42TheAsiaticJournalandMonthlyMiscellany,Volume17,page279.http://books.google.com.43SouthernReporterandCorkCommercialCourier,May11857.http://www.genesreunited.co.uk.44Rotterdamparishregisters.http://rotterdam.digitalestamboom.nl.45TheHaguerecordsofbirth,marriageanddeath.http://denhaag.digitalestamboom.nl.46Amsterdamrecordsofbirth,marriageanddeath.http://familysearch.org.47Onlinenoticesofbirth,marriageanddeath.http://www.online-familieberichten.nl.