botany under the midnight sun: floristic discoveries on victoria island, nunavut, canada
DESCRIPTION
Presented at Botany 2009, Snowbird, Utah.TRANSCRIPT
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Botany Under the Midnight Sun: Floristic Discoveries on Victoria Island,
Nunavut, CanadaJeffery M. Saarela, Laurie C. Consaul, Roger D. Bull
and Lynn Gillespie
Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence
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Long History of Arctic Plant Exploration
Norwegion Polar Expedition in the Fram1898-1902
Herman G. Simmons collections
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ARCTIC PLANT TAXONOMYmajor challenges
• numerous taxonomically difficult species groups- hybridization- high polyploidy- frequent asexual reproduction
• many different regional treatments- widespread species (circumpolar, pan arctic)- different species concepts (Russia vs. Euro vs.
NA)- different names
• few or no plant collections from many remote areas- sites difficult and expensive to access
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A.E. Porsild –1955, 1957, 1980 (Porsild & Cody)
Major Publications in North American Arctic Botany
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Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Interactive CD identification guide
“. . .this flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago will provide a basis for much more research on arctic plants in Canada in the coming years. There are many potentially very interesting areas that have never been botanised. In these sites, certainly new records, as well as interesting new species to the Arctic Archipelago, are waiting to be discovered.”
Aiken et al. 2007
Available at nature.ca
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But there is no flora for *just* the Arctic regions of Canada
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ca. 800 in the Canadian Arctic
A First Flora of the Canadian Arctic
• all vascular plants above treeline in Canada - N Yukon - Northwest Territories - Nunavut - N Quebec - N Newfoundland & Labrador
Long Term Goal
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Comprehensive baseline floristic data
for long-term climate change studies
Many plant species are expected to migrate Nas temperature increases
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DNA Barcoding the Canadian Arctic Flora
Carex membranacea
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Purple reedgrassCalamagrostis purpurascens
subsp. arctica
TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON ARCTIC GRASSES & SEDGES
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Collections and Collection Gaps
Baffin I
Devon I
Ellesmere I
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Prince Patrick I
Baffin I
Banks IMelville I
Cambridge Bay
Victoria I
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Jeff Roger Lynn LaurieSaarela Bull Gillespie Consaul
Intrepid Arctic Botanists
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Camp 1 near Oterkvik Point, Victoria Island
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Camp 2 - Johansen Bay
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Camp 3 – Sinclair Creek
Chamerion latifoliumRiver Beauty – Arctic fireweed
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We explore as many different habitats as possible
to maximize plant diversity
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sortingpressing& drying
plantcollectionsin the field
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Dry and Mesic Tundra Habitats
Salix arctica
Pedicularis lanata
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Beach sandwortSea greens(Honckenya peploides)
Sea-lungwortSeaside bluebells
(Mertensia maritima)Saltmarsh sandwort (Stellaria humifusa)
Coastal Habitat
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Mastodon flower
Tephroseris palustris subsp. congestus
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River habitat collecting willows
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River habitat
Kotzebue's grass-of-
Parnassus
Parnassiakotzebuei
sandy river bank
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Mare’s tailHippuris
lanceolata
AQUATIC &
SEDGEWETLANDHABITATS
SedgesCarex capillaris subsp. fuscidula
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Pingo Habitat
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• over 1100 collections
• increased # of known species on Victoria Island from 231 to 261 species
• we collected some 202 species 1 species new to Canada 4 taxa new to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (northern range extensions) 7 species new to the western Arctic Archipelago 5 species new to Victoria Island 20 species new to SW Victoria Island many 2nd and 3rd records for Victoria Island
Significant New Information on the Arctic Flora
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Stuckenia subretusa (fide Pan Arctic Flora project)A New Species for Canada
pondweed
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Bog RosemaryAndromeda polifolia
NEW TO THE CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO
ALSO NEW TO CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO
Draba pilosa (Brassicaceae)Arenaria longipedulculata (Caryophyllaceae)Silene uralensis subsp. uralensis (Caryophyllaceae)
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Northerncoralroot
orchid
Corallorhiza trifida
1st record of orchid from W Arctic Is.2nd record for Arctic Archipelago
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Common butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris) • insectivorous plant• first record on W Arctic Islands
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KoenigiaKoenigia islandica
annual plant
first record in W Arctic islands
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new localities for rare Pygmy Aster
Symphiotrichon pygmaeum
*
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Puccinellia banksiensis Consaul, 2008
Banks Island Alkaligrass
multiple new localitieson SW Victoria Island
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First Records for Victoria Island
PoaceaeCalamagrostis stricta
Deschampsia sukatschewiiPuccinellia banksiensis
Puccinellia tenella
CyperaceaeCarex bicolor
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First records for southwestern Victoria Island:Armeria scabra
Betula glandulosaCarex aquatilis var. minor
Carex saxatilisCarex subspathacea
Carex glacialisDeschampsia brevifolia
Empetrum nigrumEpilobium arcticumEquisetum arvense
Erigeron compositusEriophorum vaginatum
Juncus arcticusJuncus biglumis
Juncus castaneusKobresia sibirica
Kobresia simpliciusculaLuzula confusaLuzula nivalis
Potentilla pulchella
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Tuktut Nogait National Park of Canada
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Balsam poplar (Populus balsaminfera)
well above treeline
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Thank you