copy I C S R A 2 0 1 6

EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK

Jon sigfusson ICSRA

PaumlihdepaumlivaumltMay 15 2018

HOW WE CAN BETTER PREVENT ADDICTION

The Icelandic Prevention Model

H A RV EY MILKMA NM E T R O P O L I TA N S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y O F D E N V E RR E Y K JAV I K U N I V E R S I T Y I C E L A N Dm i l k m a n h m s u d e nv e r e d u

Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students

In 1998 Iceland scored highest in adolescent substance use in EuropeIn 2016 Iceland scores lowest in adolescent substance use in Europe

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ADDICTION SELF-INDUCEDCHANGES IN

NEUROTRANSMISSION THAT RESULT IN

PROBLEM BEHAVIORS

THE UNIVERSAL DESIRE TO FEEL GOOD

The experience of pleasure is derived from increases of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens the primary reward center of the human brain

NATURAL HIGHS

SELF-INDUCED CHANGESIN NEUROTRANSMISSION THAT RESULT IN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

Project Self-Discovery

Rat Park

Mid 90s

Our conversations in Iceland began to take place Inga Dora Sigfuacutesdoacutettir a sociologist at Reykjavik University and I connected on idea of helping teenagers to develop a lifestyle that emphasizes Natural Highs By 1997 the situation of teenage substance abuse in Iceland had become so severe that it was frightening to walk in the streets of Reykjavik on a weekend night

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students

In 1998 Iceland scored highest in adolescent substance use in EuropeIn 2016 Iceland scores lowest in adolescent substance use in Europe

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ADDICTION SELF-INDUCEDCHANGES IN

NEUROTRANSMISSION THAT RESULT IN

PROBLEM BEHAVIORS

THE UNIVERSAL DESIRE TO FEEL GOOD

The experience of pleasure is derived from increases of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens the primary reward center of the human brain

NATURAL HIGHS

SELF-INDUCED CHANGESIN NEUROTRANSMISSION THAT RESULT IN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

Project Self-Discovery

Rat Park

Mid 90s

Our conversations in Iceland began to take place Inga Dora Sigfuacutesdoacutettir a sociologist at Reykjavik University and I connected on idea of helping teenagers to develop a lifestyle that emphasizes Natural Highs By 1997 the situation of teenage substance abuse in Iceland had become so severe that it was frightening to walk in the streets of Reykjavik on a weekend night

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

ADDICTION SELF-INDUCEDCHANGES IN

NEUROTRANSMISSION THAT RESULT IN

PROBLEM BEHAVIORS

THE UNIVERSAL DESIRE TO FEEL GOOD

The experience of pleasure is derived from increases of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens the primary reward center of the human brain

NATURAL HIGHS

SELF-INDUCED CHANGESIN NEUROTRANSMISSION THAT RESULT IN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

Project Self-Discovery

Rat Park

Mid 90s

Our conversations in Iceland began to take place Inga Dora Sigfuacutesdoacutettir a sociologist at Reykjavik University and I connected on idea of helping teenagers to develop a lifestyle that emphasizes Natural Highs By 1997 the situation of teenage substance abuse in Iceland had become so severe that it was frightening to walk in the streets of Reykjavik on a weekend night

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

THE UNIVERSAL DESIRE TO FEEL GOOD

The experience of pleasure is derived from increases of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens the primary reward center of the human brain

NATURAL HIGHS

SELF-INDUCED CHANGESIN NEUROTRANSMISSION THAT RESULT IN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

Project Self-Discovery

Rat Park

Mid 90s

Our conversations in Iceland began to take place Inga Dora Sigfuacutesdoacutettir a sociologist at Reykjavik University and I connected on idea of helping teenagers to develop a lifestyle that emphasizes Natural Highs By 1997 the situation of teenage substance abuse in Iceland had become so severe that it was frightening to walk in the streets of Reykjavik on a weekend night

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

NATURAL HIGHS

SELF-INDUCED CHANGESIN NEUROTRANSMISSION THAT RESULT IN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

Project Self-Discovery

Rat Park

Mid 90s

Our conversations in Iceland began to take place Inga Dora Sigfuacutesdoacutettir a sociologist at Reykjavik University and I connected on idea of helping teenagers to develop a lifestyle that emphasizes Natural Highs By 1997 the situation of teenage substance abuse in Iceland had become so severe that it was frightening to walk in the streets of Reykjavik on a weekend night

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Project Self-Discovery

Rat Park

Mid 90s

Our conversations in Iceland began to take place Inga Dora Sigfuacutesdoacutettir a sociologist at Reykjavik University and I connected on idea of helping teenagers to develop a lifestyle that emphasizes Natural Highs By 1997 the situation of teenage substance abuse in Iceland had become so severe that it was frightening to walk in the streets of Reykjavik on a weekend night

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Rat Park

Mid 90s

Our conversations in Iceland began to take place Inga Dora Sigfuacutesdoacutettir a sociologist at Reykjavik University and I connected on idea of helping teenagers to develop a lifestyle that emphasizes Natural Highs By 1997 the situation of teenage substance abuse in Iceland had become so severe that it was frightening to walk in the streets of Reykjavik on a weekend night

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Mid 90s

Our conversations in Iceland began to take place Inga Dora Sigfuacutesdoacutettir a sociologist at Reykjavik University and I connected on idea of helping teenagers to develop a lifestyle that emphasizes Natural Highs By 1997 the situation of teenage substance abuse in Iceland had become so severe that it was frightening to walk in the streets of Reykjavik on a weekend night

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Reykjavik 1998

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

10

Upward trend 1992 - 1998

151

207228

7296

174

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Smoke daily Have tried hashish

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Glaeligra 1

16 aacutera

65

6775

715

7425

775

80

804

811

816

823

83

83

85

87

89

87

89

89

89

89

90

90

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

toumllur glaeligra 1

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

			Alls
			16 aacutera		17 aacutera		18 aacutera		19 aacutera		20 aacutera
		1980		65		56		48		47		40
		1981		6775
		1982		715
		1983		7425
		1984		775
		1985		80		66		58		56		41
		1986		804
		1987		811
		1988		816
		1989		823
		1990		83		70		63		59		43
		1991		83		72		62		61		45
		1992		85		74		64		61		43
		1993		87		74		67		64		44
		1994		89		77		65		64		44
		1995		87		77		68		61		44
		1996		89		76		67		63		44
		1997		89		77		67		65		49
		1998		89		77		67		64		48
		1999		89		76		68		63		48
		2000		90		78		68		64		50
		2001		90		78		68		64		50
		2002
		2003

Glaeligra 2

Males

Females

936490483051

397206518124

915433123133

352802430879

933936473042

391415270508

9023533628

35820689019

90254887704

348601880127

866192619577

343346665037

507

60

866

652

864

717

873784859258

746252897025

877361308648

779323783579

879416117528

789965743339

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

1910		1910
1915		1915
1920		1920
1925		1925
1930		1930
1935		1935
1940		1940
1945		1945
1950		1950
1955		1955
1960		1960
1965		1965
1971		1971
1975		1975
1981		1981
1985		1985
1991		1991
1995		1995
2000		2000

Toumllur g2

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

Labour force participation in Iceland by sex 1910-2000
								Tafla 37 Atvinnuthornaacutetttaka eftir kyni og hjuacuteskaparstoumlethu 1910ndash1991
								Table 37 Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status 1910ndash1991
								Hlutfallstoumllur		Karlar Males		Konur Females
								Percentages		Alls		Alls
									Total		Total
		Males		Females
	1910		936		397
	1915
	1920		915		353
	1925
	1930		934		391
	1935
	1940		902		358
	1945
	1950		903		349
	1955
	1960		866		343
	1965
	1971			507
	1975			600
	1981		866		652
	1985		864		717
	1991		874		746
	1995		877		779
	2000		879		790

Glaeligra 3

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

151

72

207

96

21

115

214

13

228

174

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

1992		1992
1993		1993
1994		1994
1995		1995
1996		1996
1997		1997
1998		1998

toumllur glaeligra 3

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1992		15		7
	1993
	1994
	1995		21		10
	1996		21		12
	1997		21		13
	1998		23		17

Glaeligra 4

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

Toumllur gl 4

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

			Portugal		1
			Ukraine		1
			Cyprus		2
			France		3
			Greece		3
			Turkey (Istanbul)		3
			Croatia		4
			Italy		4
			Malta		4
			Slovak Republic		5
			Estonia		6
			Hungary		6
			Lithuania		7
			Poland		7
			Slovenia		7
			USA		8
			Czech Republic		11
			Norway		11
			Sweden		18
			Ireland		20
			Iceland		21
			Faroe Isl		22
			UK		25
			Finland		28
			Denmark		32
	Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
	1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Glaeligra 5

Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

toumllur gl 5

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

	Proportion of students that had accidents or injuries caused by alcohol use
	Portugal		2
	Norway		4
	Hungary		4
	Turkey (Istanbul)		5
	Slovak Republic		5
	Malta		5
	Ukraine		6
	Italy		6
	Slovenia		7
	Latvia		7
	Faroe Isl		7
	Estonia		7
	Croatia		7
	Lithuania		8
	Czech Republic		9
	Sweden		11
	Ireland		12
	Finland		14
	Iceland		14
	UK		17

Glaeligra 6

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

Glaeligra 6

30970149254

225440806045

541958041958

782051282051

833333333333

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Almost none
Few
Some
Many
Almost all

toumllur gl 6

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

	ur viacutemuboacutek mynd 69
	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have ever used hashish by how many of their friends have used it
Almost none		21
Few		210
Some		538
Many		765
Almost all		923
	10 bekk		marg vina thorninna Reykja hass		Almost none		30970149254
			Few		225440806045
			Some		541958041958
			Many		782051282051
			Almost all		833333333333

Glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

Glaeligra 7

Almost none

Few

Some

Many

Almost all

1775147929

70739549839

168859649123

544797687861

775244299674

0

4

169540229885

519948519949

724919093851

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys		Boys
Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls		Girls

toumllur glaeligra 7

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how many of their friends have consumed alcohol
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		07		00
Few		48		36
Some		164		158
Many		562		508
Almost all		768		708
margir vina thorninna Drekka aacutefengi Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
	Boys		Girls
Almost none		1775147929		0
Few		70739549839		4
Some		168859649123		169540229885
Many		544797687861		519948519949
Almost all		775244299674		724919093851

Glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

Glaeligra 8

Unsupervised youth activities

Organized leisure activities

Sports

434

155

10

677

346

245

287

99

75

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days		Intoxication past 30 days
Have used hashish		Have used hashish		Have used hashish

toumllur glaeligra 8

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

	Daily smoking and drug use in three groups Among those with the highest participation in recreations organized leisure activities and sports
	Daily smoking		Intoxication past 30 days		Have used hashish
Unsupervised youth activities		434		677		287
Organized leisure activities		155		346		99
Sports		100		245		75

Glaeligra 9

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

toumllur glaeligra 9

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Glaeligra 12

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

514

325

224

153

126

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

toumllur glaeligra 12

Almost never

Rarely

Almost neverrarely

Sometimes

Often

Almost always

Oftenalmost always

608011444921

283261802575

108726752504

559884559885

285714285714

154401154401

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Boys

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Girls

Glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

	Proportion of students in 10th grade that have become drunk the last 30 days by how often they spend time with their parents after school during weekdays
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
	Boys
Almost never		514
Rarely		325
Almost neverrarely		839
Sometimes		224
Often		153
Almost always		126
Oftenalmost never		279
meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum Oumllvun sl 30 daga kyn bekkur Crosstabulation
bekkur		kyn			Boys		Girls
10 bekk		Straacutekur		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
			Boys		Girls
		Almost never		281831187411		271284271284
		Rarely		326180257511		2886002886
		Almost neverrarely		608011444921		559884559885
		Sometimes		283261802575		285714285714
		Often		80114449213		111111111111
		Almost always		2861230329		4329004329
		Oftenalmost always		108726752504		154401154401

toumllur glaeligra 11

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

toumllur glaeligra 11

238095238095

92165898618

47951176983

35123966942

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

Very hard
Rather hard
Rather easy
Very easy

Glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

	Proportion of students in 10th grade who have used amfetamin by how easyhard it is for them to be cared for by their parents
Very hard		184
Rather hard		88
Rather easy		36
Very easy		37
auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej Amfetamiacuten um aeligvina bekkur Crosstabulation
10 bekk		auetherf faacute fraacute for Umhyggjuhlyacutej
Very hard		238095238095
Rather hard		92165898618
Rather easy		47951176983
Very easy		35123966942

toumllur glaeligra 10

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

toumllur glaeligra 10

Keep a very good track

Keep a rather good track

Keep a rather bad track

Keep a very bad track

1734375

162771958098

234421364985

285106382979

288676236045

339933993399

404426559356

447339847991

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking		Daily smoking
Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days		Have become drunk in the past 30 days

Glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

	Daily smoking and intoxication among 10th graders by how well their parents keep track of whom they see at night
	Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
Keep a very good track		117		208
Keep a rather good track		141		268
Keep a rather bad track		181		328
Keep a very bad track		243		389
Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld Daglegar reykingar bekkur Crosstabulation
			Daily smoking		Have become drunk in the past 30 days
10 bekk		Foreld fylgj meeth hverjer aacute kvoumlld		Keep a very good track		1734375		288676236045
		Keep a rather good track		162771958098		339933993399
		Keep a rather bad track		234421364985		404426559356
		Keep a very bad track		285106382979		447339847991

toumllur glaeligra 13

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

toumllur glaeligra 13

1997

2003

447019005467

355407047388

323092944546

333535844471

229888049987

311057108141

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

		1997
		B17_C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			2003
		Valid		140529531568
			217922606925
			297352342159
			224032586558
			12016293279
		B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar					B67C Eacuteg er meeth foreldrum um helgar
			Cumulative Percent						Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
		Valid		137724550898				Valid		1 (Naeligr) aldrei		69		137724550898		140529531568		140529531568
			35129740519					2 Sjaldan		107		213572854291		217922606925		358452138493
			642714570858					3 Stundum		146		291417165669		297352342159		655804480652
			862275449102					4 Oft		110		219560878244		224032586558		87983706721
			98003992016					5 Naeligr alltaf		59		117764471058		12016293279		100
			100					Total		491		98003992016		100
						Missing		99		10		1996007984
						Total			501		100
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum bekkur Crosstabulation
			1997		2003
	meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
			1997		2003
		Almost never		173131996876		135479951397
		Rarely		273887008592		21992709599
		Almost neverrarely		447019005467		355407047388
		Sometimes		323092944546		333535844471
		Often		157511064827		203523693803
		Almost always		7237698516		107533414338
		Oftenalmost always		229888049987		311057108141

toumllur glaeligra 14

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

toumllur glaeligra 14

1997

2003

178972712681

124744376278

290529695024

21881390593

329052969502

345603271984

149277688604

200408997955

52166934189

110429447853

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

Almost never		Almost never
Rarely		Rarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Often		Often
Almost always		Almost always

Glaeligra 15

1997

2003

469502407705

343558282209

329052969502

345603271984

201444622793

310838445808

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Almost neverrarely		Almost neverrarely
Sometimes		Sometimes
Oftenalmost always		Oftenalmost always

toumllur glaeligra 15

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

	1997
	B17_B meeth foreldrum utan skoacutela aacute virkum
			1997		2003
	Valid		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
	Missing		99
	Total
			1997		2003
		Almost never		178972712681		124744376278
		Rarely		290529695024		21881390593
		Almost neverrarely		469502407705		343558282209
		Sometimes		329052969502		345603271984
		Often		149277688604		200408997955
		Almost always		52166934189		110429447853
		Oftenalmost always		201444622793		310838445808

Glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

Glaeligra 16

1997

2000

2003

146271008403

137843012125

183648566199

159663865546

134014039566

175106772422

195115546218

187300574346

199511897498

136029411765

147096362476

139109212935

362920168067

393746011487

302623550946

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Never		Never		Never
1 time		1 time		1 time
2 times		2 times		2 times
3 times		3 times		3 times
4 times or more		4 times or more		4 times or more

toumllur glaeligra 16

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

	B58E sl viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			2003		2000		1997
	Valid		Never		85306122449		791868344627		777414075286
		1 time		9387755102		135527589545		139934533552
		2 times		24489795918		49370764763		61374795417
		3 times		10204081633		08712487899		08183306056
		4 times or often		18367346939		14520813166		13093289689
		5 4 skipti		08163265306		07744433688		03273322422
		6 5 skipti		04081632653		02904162633		04091653028
		7 6 skipti		02040816327		01936108422		02454991817
		8 7 skipti		04081632653		01936108422		03273322422
		Total			100
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200 bekkur Crosstabulation
		1997		2000		2003
hve oft sl 7 uacuteti eftir kl 2200		Never		146271008403		137843012125		183648566199
	1 time		159663865546		134014039566		175106772422
	2 times		195115546218		187300574346		199511897498
	3 times		136029411765		147096362476		139109212935
	4 skipti		113445378151		109763880026		103721781574
	5 skipti		102941176471		104020421187		71384990848
	6 skipti		69852941176		73707721761		59792556437
	7 skipti		76680672269		106253988513		67724222087
	4 times or more		362920168067		393746011487		302623550946

Glaeligra 17

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

toumllur glaeligra 17

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

	S24E hve oft gerethir thornuacute eftirfarandi siacuteethustu viku Foacuter uacutet og kom heim eftir klukkan 300
			Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
	Valid		1 Aldrei		818		779790276454		791868344627		791868344627
		2 1 skipti		140		133460438513		135527589545		927395934172
		3 2 skipti		51		48617731173		49370764763		976766698935
		4 3 skipti		9		08579599619		08712487899		985479186834
		5 4 skipti		8		07626310772		07744433688		993223620523
		6 5 skipti		3		0285986654		02904162633		996127783156
		7 6 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		998063891578
		8 7 skipti		2		01906577693		01936108422		100
		Total		1033		984747378456		100
	Missing		99		16		15252621544
	Total			1049		100

prufa 1

Have become drunk the past 30 days

Smoke daily

Have tried hashish

415

228

174

35

186

154

32

157

116

333

149

114

256

138

111

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

1998		1998		1998
1999		1999		1999
2000		2000		2000
2001		2001		2001
2002		2002		2002

toumllur prufa 1

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

		Have become drunk the past 30 days		Smoke daily		Have tried hashish
	1998		42		23		17
	1999		35		19		15
	2000		32		16		12
	2001		33		15		11
	2002		26		14		11

prufa 2

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

11

11

18

20

21

22

25

28

32

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

Portugal
Ukraine
Cyprus
France
Greece
Turkey (Istanbul)
Croatia
Italy
Malta
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Poland
Slovenia
USA
Czech Republic
Norway
Sweden
Ireland
Iceland
Faroe Isl
UK
Finland
Denmark

toumllur prufa 2

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

Portugal		Ukraine		Cyprus		France		Greece		Turkey (Istanbul)		Croatia		Italy		Malta		Slovak Republic		Estonia		Hungary		Lithuania		Poland		Slovenia		USA		Czech Republic		Norway		Sweden		Ireland		Iceland		Faroe Isl		UK		Finland		Denmark
1		1		2		3		3		3		4		4		4		5		6		6		7		7		7		8		11		11		18		20		21		22		25		28		32

2

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

8

9

11

12

14

14

17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

Portugal
Norway
Hungary
Turkey (Istanbul)
Slovak Republic
Malta
Ukraine
Italy
Slovenia
Latvia
Faroe Isl
Estonia
Croatia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
Iceland
UK

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Portugal		Norway		Hungary		Turkey (Istanbul)		Slovak Republic		Malta		Ukraine		Italy		Slovenia		Latvia		Faroe Isl		Estonia		Croatia		Lithuania		Czech Republic		Sweden		Ireland		Finland		Iceland		UK
2		4		4		5		5		5		6		6		7		7		7		7		7		8		9		11		12		14		14		17

The year is 1998

At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behavior in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with useWe tried to establish the risk and protective factors

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

12

The researchers ldquogururdquo approach

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018

Data collections

bull 14 ndash 16 year old (since 1992)

bull 16 ndash 20 year old (since 1992)

bull 10 ndash 13 year old (since 2000)

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Health Status Indicators

anxiety depressive symptoms physical health status lifestyle

and leisure time activities local community networks negative

life events and strain parents and family peer group

economic and psychological issues studies and school

substance use values and attitudes violence and delinquency

and morehellip

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

15

The way we work now

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

16

What did we learn

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

17

The main risk and protective factors

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

18

And analysing deeper

Familyfactors

Peer group effect

General well being

Extracurricularactivities sports

Time spent with parentsSupportMonitoringControl

Positive and negative effectsHow we as parents approach the peer groupStaying outside lateHanging out in malls

Inside and outside of school at home bullying etc

Organized activitiesvs

unorganized

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

19

How were the findings used

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Immediate feedbackPractical information is out immediately after data collectionWithin 2 months after data collection you have the reportNot 3-4 years later but almost immediatelyImmediate access to the current situation in the community

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Examples of national actions

bull Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20)bull Advertising ban of tobacco and alcoholbull Restricted access to alcohol and tobaccobull Rules on outside hours for adolescentsbull Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Tobacco and chewing gum

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Peanuts and Gin

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Examples of localcommunity actions

bull Research as a basis in policy making and actionsbull Strengthen parent organizations and co-operationbull Support active NGOsrsquobull Support young people at risk inside schoolsbull Form co-operative work groups against drugsbull Support extracurricular activities sports

24

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015

Total grants around 7 of the overall budget of the City

bull Youth- and Sports Organizations - Euro 48 m bull Cultural organizations - Euro 14 mbull Music schools and schoolbands - Euro 8 mbull Youth clubscentres after school activities - Euro 24 mbull The Leisure Card ndash Euro 6 m

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Leisure time of adolescents

26

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Leisure time of adolescents

27

+ 70 of awake time

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

The Leisure Card

The grant is 430 Euro per child since the beginning of 2017

bull Parents have the right to allocate transfer a certain amount in the name of their child to refund the registration fees

bull The purpose of the Leisure Card is that all children and adolescents in Reykjavik 6-18 years old can participate in constructive leisure activities regardless of economic or social circumstances

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Registration for activities - development

79 87 88 89 90

92 99 99 99 99

8793 96 97 98

7985 86 86 87

6266 67 68 69

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 - 18 years old 6-9 years old 10-12 years old 13-15 years old 16-18 years old

10-12 yrs old

6-9 yrs old

13-15 yrs old

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Focus on close communityHow could an average figure on alcohol use in your country help prevention workers in your municipality

Country ldquoAveragerdquo doesnacutet tell all the story

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Focus on the close community

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Local information fuels dialogue Dialogue between key stakeholders

Politicians municipalities and local authoritiesParental groups and family plannersSchool authorities and school workersHealth educators health and social servicesLeisure time workers prevention workersSports and youth institutions

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

33

The To-Do list

1 Map the situation in the local conditions

2 From the data find the local risk and protective factors

3 Address these factors through local community work4 Form local networks from all institutions of the municipality

5 Give immediate practical information out quickly

6 Measure regularly and frequently

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

YOUTH IN ICELAND

bull From 1998 ndash 2018bull Drunk in past 30 days 42 - 7bull Daily smoking 23 - 3bull Used cannabis 1 or more times 17 - 5

vsYOUTH IN THE US

bull 12th Grade binge drinking (5 or more in a row) in last 2 weeks 17

bull 12th Grade annual use of cannabis 35

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Easily TransferableHow do you act

The Model can be implemented in any community

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

What is the commitment

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Participation until 2018

37

35 communities municipalities

21 countries

140 thousand questionnaires already

Over 9 million questions answered

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide

38

Portugal Spain Malta Italy France Greece Turkey Slovakia Romania Moldova Bulgaria

Lithuania Latvia Estonia Russia Sweden Norway Faroe Islands Chile Ecuador

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

Most recently consulting with

New CaledoniaSpecial Collectivity of France

50 Melanesian

50 European

300000 population

7 Modern Orthodox Jewish High-SchoolsBronx NYC

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

hellipand substance use is going down

42

3532 33

2628

26

2225

2018 19

14

97

56

5 5 5

23

1916 15 14 14

12 11 1210 10 10

7 53 3 2 3 3 2

17

1512 11 12 13

9 9 97

76 6

3 3 3 2 3 3 2

89 8

77

56 7 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Drunk past 30 days

Daily smoking

Tried hasish

Tried marijuana

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41

ldquoIt is a terrible thing to see and have no visionldquo

Helen Keller

• EVIDENCE BASED PRIMARY PREVENTION 20 YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL WORK
• Based on the Icelandic Prevention ModelFrom highest to lowest in substance use ndash 1516 year old students
• Slide Number 3
• Slide Number 4
• NATURAL HIGHS
• Project Self-Discovery
• Rat Park
• Mid 90s
• Reykjavik 1998
• Upward trend 1992 - 1998
• The year is 1998
• The researchers ldquogururdquo approach
• ICELANDIC database 1992 ndash 2018
• Health Status Indicators
• The way we work now
• Slide Number 16
• The main risk and protective factors
• And analysing deeper
• Slide Number 19
• Immediate feedback
• Examples of national actions
• Slide Number 22
• Slide Number 23
• Examples of localcommunity actions
• Reykjavik City grants to organizations NGOacutes in the year 2015
• Leisure time of adolescents
• Leisure time of adolescents
• The Leisure Card
• Registration for activities - development
• Focus on close community
• Focus on the close community
• Local information fuels dialogue
• The To-Do list
• YOUTH IN ICELAND
• Easily Transferable
• What is the commitment
• Participation until 2018
• Cities in 21 Countries Worldwide
• Most recently consulting with
• hellipand substance use is going down
• Slide Number 41