born accessible tools of change conference 2013. page 2 tools, standards, techniques and...
TRANSCRIPT
Born AccessibleTools of Change Conference 2013
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Tools, Standards, Techniques and Developments for “Inclusive Publishing”
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PANELISTS / ATTENDEES
● Betsy Beaumon, VP and GM for Literacy, Benetech
● George Kerscher, President, IDPF; Secretary General, The DAISY Consortium; Senior Officer, Accessible Technology, Learning Ally
● Larry Goldberg, Director, WGBH’s National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM)
● William Chesser, VP of Sales, Ingram | VitalSource
● Doug Klein, Accessibility Lead, Nook Media, LLC
● Gerardo Capiel, VP of Engineering, Benetech
● Robin Seaman, Director of Content Acquisition, Benetech
● Suzy Haines, Digital Content Manager, Benetech
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Today’s Discussion
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Users
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Screen Reader Setting Expectations
● 25+ years of persons who are blind getting access to information
● Functionality on PC setting expectations for reading systems
● Efficient reading● Control over reading experience
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BISG Grid
Usability and Accessibility
Windows Overdrive Bluefire Support/Functionality Field Definitions
Hide structural navigation levels
X ? No The RS supports collapsing/ expanding selected levels of the Navigation Document toc nav where applicable
Device Keyboard Accessibility
No ? No The RS enables users to use the device’s keyboard to interact (open/close, navigate, access settings/options) with EPUB
User Interface controls exposed to and traversible by assistive technologies
X ? X The user interface controls are exposed via platform accessibility APIs
Text content exposed to and traversible by assistive technologies
X ? No The content document DOM (or parts thereof when dynamically paginated) is exposed via platform accessibility APIs
Additional note – accessibility and usability
http://www.bisg.org/what-we-do-12-152-epub-30-support-grid.php
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Reading System Screening Methodology
● Need a methodology to contribute to the BISG Grid● Need a methodology that schools can use to
evaluate reading systems● Simple enough for evaluations to be crowdsourced● Planned by end of 2nd quarter 2013
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Pass or Fail on Reading Systems
● Accessible reading systems must meet basic (pass/fail) tests
● Menus, controls, reading, spelling, discovery, acquisition
● Support reading with eyes, ears and fingers● Work for all people
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Features Enable Ranking of Reading System
● Once fundamental accessibility is established, we can compare reading systems
● Quality of reading experience● Ease of use● Power for learning
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iBooks – The User Experience
● Accessible content– Text– Images– Multimedia and controls– MathML
● Accessible navigation● Just a starting point...
» iBooks demo
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iBooks – The User Experience
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Discovery
ACCESSIBLE = DISCOVERABLE
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Discovery of Accessible Educational Resources
● LRMI is a new specification for tagging Learning Resources, as a subset of Schema.org– Led by Association of Education Publishers and Creative
Commons
● Other efforts have tackled accessibility (a11y) metadata– Dublin Core Accessibility
– Access for All (ISO 24751, IMS Global), EDItEUR/ONIX
Learn more at http://a11ymetadata.org/
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Educational Video Search Example
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Google Recipe
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An Inclusive Experience: Can I use the standard services of your store?
Identification of Content: Can I find things that address my special needs?
Retail Considerations
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Simple search today
Smart filters based on metadata, rendition
specifications tomorrow
Finding Appropriate Content
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O ’Reilly
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Bilbary
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Accessibility - 8 Lessons Learned
Case Study
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Longevity Is required
● Its a journey, not a destination
● There is no ‘checkbox’ of compliance
● Stay involved, stay current
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There Are No Binary Decisions
● Readers vs. Formats vs. Content vs. Delivery
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Mainstream – It’s More Than a Noun
● It has to be a verb!● You need to worry about:
✓ The application availability
✓ The content delivery
✓ The reading experience
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Keep Control of Your Content
● cul-de-sacs vs. highways● Assume reuse in the future
Many non-W3C formats (e.g., PDF, Shockwave, etc) require viewing with
either plug-ins or stand-alone applications. Often, these formats cannot be
viewed or navigated with standard user agents (including assistive
technologies)."
Web Content Accessibility Guideline 11.
Many non-W3C formats (e.g., PDF, Shockwave, etc) require viewing with
either plug-ins or stand-alone applications. Often, these formats cannot be
viewed or navigated with standard user agents (including assistive
technologies)."
Web Content Accessibility Guideline 11.
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Turn Off the Screen and Listen
● Revisit old decisions with your ears● Recognize the need to change
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Standards Work
● MathML wins for everyone● Let the reading system use it, fall back to
<alt> tags<para><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>⁡</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></para>
<para><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>⁡</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></para>
f(x) = (x + 10)f(x) = (x + 10)
“f of x equals open parenthesis x plus 10 close parenthesis”“f of x equals open parenthesis x plus 10 close parenthesis”
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People Are Mobile
● Assume nomadic behavior
● Optimize for mobility
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Stand on Shoulders, but Be in a Crowd
● Use what you can● Invent what you must● Share everything
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Control to flip to ‘Article View’
“Accessible” view
Magazines contain both original ‘print’ format and the article content as separate renditions. Allows user to choose alternate views dynamically - a clear ‘accessibility’ option that solves a generic consumer problem and enables TTS support as well!
PDF Extract articles to different rendition
Combined renditions carried through flow
User presented viewing options (or accessibility flag utilizes article rendition only)
Nook DRP Example
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Distribution must consider multiple formats, multiple rendition options
•Display options
•Interaction models
•Media support
Multiple Formats
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Accessible Content Highlights
StructureNavigationSections
TextReflowableStyle/ContentFormatting
Tables & ListsDon’t use pictures
MathMathMLDescription
ImagesImage descriptionsAlt text
VideoTrack: subtitles, description, etc.
Accessible EPUB 3 Guidelines: http://idpf.org/accessibility/guidelines/nav.php
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9 Tips for Creating Accessible EPUB 3 Files
http://www.diagramcenter.org/standards-and-practices/54-9-tips-for-creating-accessible-epub-3-files.html
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What Is Built-in Accessibility in Commercial Publications?
● A mainstream publication● Useable directly by people reading with their eyes,
ears or fingers● No need for modification● Works with screen readers● Works with other Assistive Technology (AT)● Has great navigation
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EPUB 3 Accessibility Supporting Materials
● “9 Tips for Creating Accessible EPUB 3” ● EPUB 3 Accessibility Guidelines online at:
http://www.idpf.org/accessibility/guidelines/● “EPUB 3 Best Practices,” Matt Garrish (O’Reilly)● Accessibility Forum: http://www.idpf.org/forums
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Demand Accessible EPUB 3 Support in Authoring Tools
● Software developers should be hearing from purchasers
● Publishers, universities, governmental agencies need accessible EPUB3
● Adobe InDesign CS6 is OK; CS7 will be much improved.
● Oxygen has EPUB 3 support built in ● BlueGriffon● Indesign Plugin CircularFLO● More to come—demand accessibility
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EPUB 3 Builds on W3C Technologies
● HTML 5 for the content document● MathML● SVG● Canvas● Interactivity through JavaScript● Video
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Accessibility Features of EPUB 3
● Attention to accessibility from the beginning ● Synchronized text and audio through Media
Overlays ● Rich navigation model made famous by DAISY ● TTS lexicons for correct synthetic pronunciation
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Standards Harmonization
● W3C Great Expectations Workshop
February 11 & 12, 2013
Sponsored by IDPF, BISG and W3C● AAP endorsement of EPUB 3● BISG Endorsement of EPUB 3● DAISY Consortium move to EPUB 3 for distribution
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
● File preparation● Tools● Import/export● Descriptions, captions, titles● How to: “Creating Accessible iBooks
Textbooks with iBooks Author”– https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/creating-
accessible-ibooks/id569179589?mt=11
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
● iBook Textbooks and iBooks– ePub3 with Apple extensions, only usable
on iPad (not other iOS or other OS X devices)
– integrates interactive components (e.g., multimedia, review questions, image galleries, others) that can be made accessible through descriptions and labels
– IBA 2.0 represents improved accessibility over IBA 1.0
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
● iBook Textbooks and iBooks– As with HTML or PDF, authors should
follow accepted practices, including…• headings; image descriptions; sufficient
contrast; careful link wording; appropriate use of color, etc.
– IBA 2.0 supports the inclusion of MathML• VoiceOver will render MathML embedded
in an iBooks Textbook
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
● iBook Textbooks and iBooks– IBA does not import other epub documents
• Imports source documents from Word or Pages–Pay attention to style and formatting in the
source document to reduce post-import work
– IBA does not export straight EPUB (i.e., without Apple extensions)• It does export PDF (untagged) and plain text
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
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iBooks Author 2 – The Authoring Experience
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Video in eBooks
● Closed captions
– Formats: scc, TTML, SMPTE-TT, srt, SubRip,DFXP . . .
– Captions v. subtitles
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THANK YOU!
● Betsy Beaumon: [email protected]● George Kerscher: [email protected]● Larry Goldberg: [email protected]● William Chesser:
[email protected]● Doug Klein: [email protected]
● Gerardo Capiel: [email protected]● Robin Seaman: [email protected]● Suzy Haines: [email protected]
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Resources and Links
● DIAGRAM Center: www.diagramcenter.org
● Poet: http://diagramcenter.org/development/poet.html
● BISG Grid: http://www.bisg.org/what-we-do-12-152-epub-30-support-grid.php
● 9 Tips for Creating Accessible EPUB 3: http://www.diagramcenter.org/standards-and-practices/54-9-tips-for-creating-accessible-epub-3-files.html
● National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM): http://ncam.wgbh.org
● DAISY Consortium: http://www.daisy.org
● IDPF: http://idpf.org
● Benetech: http://www.benetech.org
● Bookshare: http://www.bookshare.org
● BN.com Nook: www.bn.com
● Ingram VitalSource: http://www.vitalsource.com/Pages/home.aspx
● “Accessibility in EPUB 3,” Matt Garrish: Published by O’Reilly Media http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920025283.do
● “508 Compliance” by Katie Cunningham: Published by O’Reilly Media, http://oreillynet.com/pub/e/2414
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MAKE BORN DIGITAL
BORN ACCESSIBLE!