book of wind generators

FTC Energy is bringing clean, high power vertical axis wind turbines within the reach of everyone.

Low noise Virtually zero vibration Broad, stable platforms No cut off speed limitations Only fully UL-rated turbines Do not affect birds or other wildlife Have no gears, belts, or pulleys Direct DC voltage output with a wide range of

available voltages Zero Cogging, Patent Applied-For Neodymium

Generators

This brochure

High power means intercepting wind P2 Technical innovations P3

Turnkey option P4

CRITICAL NEEDS

With the critical need for

alternative energy, FTC

Energy is moving quickly to

provide our technology in a

larger, more powerful form.

BROADER SOLUTIONS

The world is full of plat-

forms, buildings, hills, and

plains where wind energy is

plentiful. Each location re-

quires its own solution – a

solution that FTC Energy

turbines can serve.

Our engineers have devel-

oped – and continue to de-

velop daily – innovative

solutions to solve these

challenges.

We are also collaborating

with the some of the most

technically advanced engi-neering firms in the world.

The Strength of an Arch The Power of the Wind

To extract

power from the wind, you

must

intercept the wind.

FTC Energy has a simple

philosophy: You must intercept the wind to make wind power. We

believe that relying on three propellers to

somehow ‘couple’ with the wind is not going to work.

Our wind tunnel tests show that you need to

guide a large amount of wind into a blade assembly that forces the

wind to turn it. Turning the blade assembly

forcefully causes torque and torque is the real

power. Allowing the wind to slip by or through is energy lost – regardless

of how fast the blade turns.

We have spent years designing and perfecting complex wind directors

(stators) that funnel wind easily and smoothly into

our turbines. We do not want even a whisper of wind to escape our

turbines.

Physical Dimensions Can Be Changed To Match the Location

Virtually every location our turbines go has a different wind

profile. Our engineers recognized this and came up with a

design that can be modified. The vertical pole under the

turbine can be adjusted vertically to position the turbine in

the best wind stream. Because some locations have lower

winds than others, we often need to make the size of the

wind directors larger.

Making wind directors larger means a greater side load on

the assembly. To solve this issue, we went back to a

architectural shape that has been used for thousands of

years – the arch. This arch redirects the side loading

downwards. We can change this shape to match the need

while intercepting maximum wind energy.

Multiple DC Voltage Options

For example, our 250 KW generator can be configured to produce from 7,000 volts to 30 volts.

Correspondingly, the current can be configured from 40 amperes to over 9,000 amperes. Our generators can

also produce multiple separate voltages.

The generators are fully potted with UL-approved

potting compound to seal them from external issues.

MPH, 33

25 KW, 64,925

50 KW, 129,850

100 KW, 259,701

250 KW, 649,251

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33

Wat

ts

Power Curves FTC Energy’s

Unique Blade

Shape

One of the secrets of the FTC Energy turbine

is the unique, patent pending blade shape.

The shape was developed in our own

wind tunnel. It uses a complex lift/drag

system to capture fluid motion better than any

design we’ve ever tested.

Complex Computational

Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Analysis

d

Power Range – 25 KW to 250 KW

o Units are fully spec-ed for the customer to ensure the system does exactly what the customer needs

o All components (turbine, inverters, columns, base,

etc.) are supplied as a single package o Customer is supplied all documentation,

engineering data, blueprints, etc. o We handle all matters necessary to get local

approval of the installation o We handle the entire installation process

o Licensed electricians connect the system to the local grid

o FTC Energy personnel test and verify the system on site

o Customer is supplied with Internet-based real time monitoring equipment

o We provide complete on-site maintenance, if needed

o FTC Energy monitors the site continuously to

ensure performance

Dome Option The FTC Energy Super Class vertical axis wind turbine can have the power it generates enhanced

by adding a dome underneath the turbine assembly. This dome causes more wind to flow up into the turbine and, thus, allows more wind energy to be

harvested.

The dome also allows for storage, monitoring

equipment, or a broad range of additional uses.

FTC Energy, Inc. P.O. Box 730955

Ormond Beach, FL 32173 386.446.9300

Ftcenergy.com

Copyright 2011, FTC Energy, Inc. All Rights Reserved All figures, charts, and any other data are a guide only. Your results will vary.

Wind Generator Savonius Type 12V – 200 Watt

http://www.energybook.co.uk http://www.wxtrade.com http://www.onetoremember.co.uk

http://www.energybook.co.uk/

http://www.wxtrade.com/

http://www.onetoremember.co.uk/

Savonius Type 200 Watt – 12V Wind Generator

Introduction

About the publisher Richard Jemmett’s keen interest in the generation and use of energy has helped to shape his formal career and provide an incentive to write on the subject. He graduated from the University of Leeds in 1980 with a degree in fuel and energy engineering and has held various positions within energy and consultancy companies working in the UK, Europe the Middle East and Asia. He is a Board Director of two energy related companies and a past president of the Institution of Gas engineers and Managers He has written many articles, essays, and conference presentations on utility industry strategy, energy industry development, energy market deregulation, renewable energy, distributed generation and high reliability organisational design. This ebook and other similar documents can be found at the onetoremember online bookshop

Your online bookshop for rare, used and new books Ecology, environment, sustainable living and renewable energy

onetoremember is a family owned business based in Bracknell Berkshire committed to making small changes towards meeting the big challenge of

sustainable living.

www.onetoremember.co.uk

Disclaimer The information supplies in this publication has been supplied in all good faith and believed to be correct. However no liability will be accepted for any accident, damage or injury caused as a result, or arising from the use of information form this publication.



Introduction to the Savonius wind turbine Wind units can be divided into two major types, horizontal axis and vertical axis machines. Horizontal machines some times known as HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines) are the traditional conventional design, they consist of a rotor with one to twenty blades driving a generator or a pump either directly or through a gearbox, chain or belt system. A tail vane or fantail is required to direct the machine into the wind. They are usually more efficient than vertical axis units known as VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbines). Savonius and Darius are two designs of vertical axis machines. This type of unit is often not situated on a tower and does not have to be directed into the wind. Materials and construction are usually cheaper than horizontal axis machines. The Savonius windmill was the brainchild of Sigrid Savonius of Finland. The racing driver of the 1930s said the secret of a good machine was to "add lightness and simplicate". A simple unit can be made by attaching two halves of vertically split oil barrel to a vertical axis this produces a low speed high torque unit that can be used for pumping water and through a gearing mechanism, generating electricity. This design also has the advantage of an aerodynamic effect called the "magnus principal”, suction is formed by the air moving over the convex face of the rotor. This means that there is force acting on the face of the rotor pulling it into the wind. The most ubiquitous application of the Savonius wind turbine is the Flettner Ventilator which is commonly seen on the roofs of vans and buses and is used as a cooling device. The ventilator was developed by the German aircraft engineer Anton Flettner in the 1920s. It uses the Savonius wind turbine to drive an extractor fan. The vents are still manufactured in the UK by Flettner Ventilator Limited. Small Savonius wind turbines are sometimes seen used as advertising signs where the rotation helps to draw attention to the item advertised. About these plans This plan was developed to make use a car alternator maybe not the best generator but certainly widely available. The plan was originally written Peter Hanbury in the 1970s with the rights for reproduction bought by Richard Jemmett (then Jemmett Engineering) in the 1980s. Since then many hundreds have been sold and successfully built. The plan is in its original form and may be a little difficult to read but if you have any difficulties after printing please email me [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator


NOTICE The information contained in this guide has been given in good faith and is believed to be accurate at the time of writing. Whilst every effort has been made to obtain the correct information, no liability can be accepted for any information that is incorrect or misleading.

Website links

Energybook and associated websites http://www.energybook.co.ukA great website developed by the author of this guide it provides lots of information on renewable energy and sustainable living http://www.wxtrade.comThe energybook marketplace - buy and sell renewable energy and sustainable living products for free. Hundreds of great products. http://www.ometoremember.co.ukWeb based bookshop selling fiction and non-fiction books including renewable energy books.

Wind energy associations ANEV - associazione nazionale energia del vento (I) AWEA - American Wind Energy Association (USA)APPA - Asociación de Productores de Energías Renovables (ES) Austrian Wind Energy Association (A) AUSWEA - Australian Wind Energy Association (AUS) BWE - Bundesverband Wind Energie e.V., German Wind Energy Association (D) BWEA - British Wind Energy Association (GB) CANWEA - Canadian Wind Energy Association (CAN) Les Compagnons d'Eole (B) DV - Danmarks Vindmølleforening - Danish Wind Turbine Owners' Association (DK) Dansk Selskab for Vindenergi (DK) EOLE (CAN) (pour les francophones) Estonian Wind Power Association (EST) EWEA, European Wind Energy Association (EU) Finnish Wind Power Association (FIN)Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)Vindkraftföreningen Finland, Finnish Wind Energy Association (Swedish language) IWEA, Irish Wind Energy Association (IE) New Zealand Wind Energy Association (NZ) PEE - Plataforma Empresarial Eólica (ES) South African Wind Energy Association (ZA)



http://www.ometoremember.co.uk/

http://www.anev.org/

http://www.awea.org/

http://www.appa.es/

http://www.igwindkraft.at/

http://www.auswea.com.au/

http://www.wind-energie.de/

http://www.bwea.com/

http://www.canwea.ca/

http://www.dkvind.dk/eng/eng.htm


http://www.vindselskab.dk/

http://www.eole.org/

http://www.tuuleenergia.ee/

http://www.ewea.org/

http://www.tuulivoimayhdistys.fi/index_en.htm

http://www.gwec.net/

http://www.vindkraftforeningen.fi/

http://www.iwea.com/

http://www.windenergy.org.nz/

http://www.plataformaempresarialeolica.com/

http://sawea.www.icon.co.za/

Suisse-Eole (CH) Syndicat des Energies Renouvelables (FR)

Magazines and information services Windpower Monthly Good international coverage of the wind business. WindStats Newsletter Articles plus loads of statistics on wind energy production in many parts of the world. Wind Directions is the magazine of the European Wind Energy Association, published six times a year, giving current developments and news on the wind energy industry in Europe. Windpower Monthly publishes news and critical analyses of key issues about wind power and its markets. Includes The Windicator, the renowned page of market indicators, giving a country by country breakdown of installed capacity. New Review is the Quarterly Newsletter for the UK New and Renewable Energy Industry, principally covering: wind, solar, biomass and hydro energy developments. Produced by ETSU on behalf of the DTI. WindStats Newsletter is a quarterly international wind energy publication with news, reviews, wind turbine production and operating data from over 12,000 wind turbines, plus much more. Renewable Energy World accentuates the achievements and potential of all forms of renewable energy sources and the technologies being developed to harness them. In this on-line version there are full text selected articles, abstracts, back issue information, and links to all of the other renewable energy information sources at James & James including its international database of renewable energy suppliers and services. Renew On-Line is an edited, text only, version of parts of the News sections of RENEW, the journal of NATTA, the independent national UK Network for Alternative Technology and Technology Assessment. Members include the Energy and Environment Research Unit (EERU) and the Open University. CADDET provides international information on renewable energy on full-scale commercial projects which are operating in the member countries, currently Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States and the European Commission (DGXVII - Energy). The CADDET programme covers the full range of renewable energy technologies. EuroREX (European Renewable Energy Exchange) is an on-line commercial information service and newsletter created by a network of energy experts from 30 European countries. Its aim is to provide up-to-date information on renewables directly from professionals working in the field. European Renewable Energy exchange Solstice is the Internet information service of the Renewable Energy Policy Project and the Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (REPP-CREST). Sustainable energy and development information as well as renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainable living World-wide Information System for Renewable Energy (WIRE). Wind Engineering. A bi-monthly journal which publishes technical papers on all aspects of wind energy systems.

Places to visit in the United Kingdom The Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales is an educational charity striving to achieve the best cooperation between the natural, technological and human worlds. CAT tests, lives with and displays strategies and tools for doing this. CAT has it's own wind turbine as part of their work for a sustainable future. The EcoTech Centre at Swaffham in Norfolk is an educational charity which aims to stimulate and inform people about the need for sustainable development. The Centre grounds include organic gardens, a biomass power station and one of the largest wind turbines in the world. The Earth Centre at Doncaster encompasses a range of environmental exhibitions and activities. Tel 01709 512000 for further information.

http://www.suisse-eole.ch/

http://www.ser-fra.com/

http://www.wpm.co.nz/

http://www.windstats.com/

http://www.ewea.org/src/directions.htm

http://www.windpower-monthly.com/

http://www.dti.gov.uk/NewReview

http://www.etsu.com/


http://www.jxj.com/magsandj/rew/index.html

http://www-tec.open.ac.uk/eeru/natta/rol.html

http://www.caddet-re.org/

http://www.eurorex.com/

http://solstice.crest.org/

http://wire.ises.org:8888/wire/wire.nsf

http://www.multi-science.co.uk/windeng.htm

http://www.cat.org.uk/

http://www.cat.org.uk/information/tipsheets/turbine.html

http://www.ecotech.org.uk/

http://www.earthcentre.org.uk/

The Gaia Energy Centre in Cornwall is a centre for the promotion of, and education about, renewable and sustainable energy and energy conservation. Many wind farms have visitor centres or opportunities to see the turbines at closer range. Specific details can be found in our map of wind farms of the UK.

Scientific and research institutions The Wind Turbine Research Group at Cranfield Universtity. Institute for Wind Energy at Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands. National Wind Technology Center at The National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The U.S. Department of Energy's premier laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research, development and deployment. Risoe National Laboratory Wind Energy and Atmospheric Physics department.The research of the department aims develop new opportunities for industry and society in the exploitation of wind power and to map and alleviate atmospheric aspects of environmental problems in collaboration with the National Environmental Research Institute. The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN is the leading institute for energy research in the Netherlands. Research is carried out under contract from the government and from national and foreign organisations and industries. ECN's activities are concentrated in six priority areas: solar energy, wind energy, biomass, clean fossil, energy efficiency, and policy studies. Wind Energy Technology at Sandia National Laboratories. Applied research in aerodynamics, structural dynamics, fatigue, materials, manufacturing, controls, and systems integration to understand unsolved technology problems and to provide better design tools. New efforts investigate how rare atmospheric events can impact wind turbine long-term structural integrity and how advanced data handling techniques can be successfully applied to the difficult field environment of operating wind turbines. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) - science and technology solutions for the global energy industry.

General wind power links www.countryguardian.net Country Guardian is a UK conservation group focused on the environmental damage caused by commercial windfarms in areas of national or local landscape value. It is not opposed to wind energy as such, but in practice almost all onshore sites which are windy enough are environmentally sensitive. www.cefncroes.org.uk Cefn Croes Wind Farm Campaign - An American backed company, the Renewable Development Company (RDC), wishes to build Britain’s largest wind power station yet in the heart of Mid Wales. RDC proposes to build 39 enormous turbines on Cefn Croes, a wild expanse of upland above the villages of Cymystwyth. www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf10.htm Renewable Energy and Electricity - good article on the alternatives to fossil fuels in electricity generation - Technology to utilise the forces of nature for doing work to supply human needs is as old as the first sailing ship. There is a fundamental attractiveness about harnessing such forces in an age which is very conscious of the environmental effects of burning fossil fuels. www.cprw.org.uk/press/pressind.htm Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales - Index of Press Notices - Includes several press notices on the subject of wind turbines in Wales. www.natwindpower.co.uk/northhoyle/northhoyle.htm National Wind Power (NWP) is proposing to develop a wind farm off the North Wales coast. The proposed project, known as North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm (North Hoyle), is situated 4-5 miles off the coast between Prestatyn and Rhyl and will consist of 30 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of between 60-90MW.

http://www.gaiaenergy.co.uk/

http://www.bwea.com/ukwed/index.asp

http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/sme/ppa/wind/

http://www.ct.tudelft.nl/windenergy/ivwhome.htm

http://www.nrel.gov/wind/

http://www.risoe.dk/vea/index.htm

http://www.ecn.nl/main.html

http://www.sandia.gov/wind/

http://www.epri.com/

http://www.countryguardian.net/

http://www.cefncroes.org.uk/

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf10.htm

http://www.cprw.org.uk/press/pressind.htm

http://www.natwindpower.co.uk/northhoyle/northhoyle.htm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/wales/newsid_1432000/1432541.stm Wind farm plans scrapped - Company withdraws its plans for 26 turbines - Controversial plans for a £30m wind farm development on Denbigh Moors have been scrapped after rare birds were found on the site. www.offshorewindfarms.co.uk With the first offshore wind turbines in the UK already generating electricity at ~5p per unit, the further development of the offshore wind industry is an exciting prospect, and one which will see significant growth over the next decade. www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~mikes/norfolk/wind/ Norfolk wind turbines - A total of 853 turbines currently produce 405 megawatts of electricity in the UK, enough to meet the needs of quarter of a million homes annually (BWEA). Norfolk generates 5.25 megawatts (about 1.3% of total UK production, versus about 1.2% of UK population.) www.britishwindenergy.co.uk British Wind Industry Association - With a membership of over 500, including more than 180 corporate members, generating an annual turnover of 1,000,000 ecus, the BWEA is uniquely placed to consolidate and extend the wind energy industry in the UK. www.windpower.org Danish Wind Industry Association - read about Wind Energy - More than 100 animated pages and calculators on wind resources, wind turbine technology, economics, and environmental aspects of wind energy in the Guided Tour section. www.indianwindpower.com Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association - Power generation from wind has emerged as one of the most successful programmes in the renewable energy sector, and has started making meaningful contributions to the overall power requirements of some States. news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/england/newsid_1777000/1777268.stm Wind farm closed after blade snaps - The blade sits at the top of a 93-metre-high column. A turbine propeller blade has folded in half at the UK's first electricity-generating offshore wind farm, at Blyth, in Northumberland. www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/wind.html Introduction - Wind represents a vast source of energy which man has harnessed for over 2000 years. As the UK is the windiest country in Europe, wind power is one of the UK's most promising renewable energy technologies and already provides electricity for nearly a quarter of million homes. www.natwindpower.co.uk/ As environmental protection and sustainable development are now top priorities world wide, we all need to consider carefully how the energy that we consume should be produced. www.cprw.org.uk/wind/windindc.htm Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales - Wind Power Generation - CPRW's View: In the process of encouraging renewable energy Government policies on wind power fail to provide sufficient recognition of the the need to conserve the landscape and environment of rural Wales. www.scotland.gov.uk/news/2001/06/se1472.asp Scottish Executive - UK'S FIRST WIND TURBINE FACTORY TO BE BUILT IN THE HIGHLANDS - The UK’s first wind turbine factory will be built in Scotland, Highlands and Islands Minister, Alasdair Morrison announced today. The facility at Machrihanish, near Campbeltown will create 124 direct jobs and 44 indirect for the local economy. www.foe.co.uk/pubsinfo/infoteam/pressrel/2001/20010619115149.html Friends Of the Earth welcomes UK's first wind turbine factory - 19 Jun 2001- 'Swords into ploughshares' as military base becomes renewable energy plant - Friends of the Earth today warmly welcomed the announcement by the Scottish Executive and Danish firm Vestas Wind Systems of the UK's first commercial scale wind turbine plant. www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4195427,00.html MoD tries to veto wind farm sites - Trade department's expansion of renewable energy undermined by its backing for RAF objections to onshore and offshore plants www.cprw.org.uk/press/pn250102.htm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/wales/newsid_1432000/1432541.stm

http://www.offshorewindfarms.co.uk/info.html

http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~mikes/norfolk/wind/

http://www.britishwindenergy.co.uk/

http://www.windpower.org/core.htm

http://www.indianwindpower.com/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/england/newsid_1777000/1777268.stm

http://www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/wind.html

http://www.natwindpower.co.uk/

http://www.cprw.org.uk/wind/windindc.htm

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/news/2001/06/se1472.asp

http://www.foe.co.uk/pubsinfo/infoteam/pressrel/2001/20010619115149.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4195427,00.html

http://www.cprw.org.uk/press/pn250102.htm

Cefn Croes Ceredigion: Conservation groups call for Public Inquiry into UK's biggest wind power station. Today, six major conservation bodies, with a joint membership in Wales of many thousands, sent a letter to The Rt. Hon. Patricia Hewitt MP, Secretary of State for Trade and Industry protesting "in the strongest possible terms" about the declaration of the Energy Secretary. education.guardian.co.uk/higher/engineering/story/0,9840,653199,00.html Cold blow - Wednesday February 20, 2002 - For some, they are blights on a glorious landscape; for others, they mean clean energy and economic lifelines for rural communities. John Vidal looks at the battle over windfarms in mid-Wales. www.sustdev.org/energy/articles/energy/edition2/index.shtml An Assessment of the Impact of Wind Turbines on Birds at Ten Windfarm Sites in the UK by Ruth Thomas, University College London, UK American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) Since 1974, AWEA has advocated the development of wind energy as a reliable, environmentally superior energy alternative in the United States and around the world. AWEA's Green Power Factsheets provide answers to basic questions about Green Power, including what it is, the rationale for purchasing it, and procedures for buying it. Choosing a Home-Sized Wind Generator The August/September 2002 issue of Home Power Magazine is a must-read for anyone contemplating installing a wind generator. Home Power leads the reader through all the steps necessary to arrive at the answer to this key question about wind systems: which one should you choose. The entire 17-page article can be downloaded from Home Power’s website. Consumer's Guide to Renewable Energy in Arkansas While intended for Arkansas residents and businesses, much of the information presented in this publication also applies to residents in other states. Includes useful information on solar, wind, and renewable fuels. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is recognized as a world leader in creating science and technology solutions for the energy industry and for the benefit of the public. EPRI's technical program spans virtually every aspect of power generation, delivery, and use, including environmental considerations. The organization serves more than 1,000 energy organizations worldwide and draws on a global network of technical and business expertise to help solve energy problems. Energy Resources Research Laboratory (ERRL) The ERRL at Oregon State University has managed the data collection, quality assurance, and analysis for the Bonneville Power Administration's wind energy resource studies since 1978 and manages other data management activities for transmission line research. It maintains a large data base of wind data for the Pacific Northwest. This web page summarizes the wind statistics of the five Bonneville Power Administration's long-term wind monitoring sites in the Pacific Northwest. Guided Tour on Wind Energy Switch to the UK flag for the English website. Want to know where wind energy comes from? Want to learn about the Coriolis Force, global winds, geostrophic wind, wind speed measurement, the wind rose, wind shear, and wind shade? Need to find a wind shade calculator, information about wind turbine components, rotor blades, and wind energy economics? Answers to all your questions about wind energy can be found at the Danish Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association’s Guided Tour on Wind Energy. The website includes wind resource calculators and features more than 100 animated pages on wind resources, wind turbine technology, and economics. Each of the nine tours is a self-contained unit, so you may take the tours in any order. Minnesotans for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ME3) website provides many pages of wind energy information, including a wealth of links to utilities, research and other organizations, wind industry companies, federal government resources and wind energy publications and miscellaneous information. Montana Wind Energy Atlas The Montana Wind Energy Atlas is a comprehensive analysis of wind energy data available as of 1987. Data collected by a variety of public and private organizations at 158 wind monitoring sites around Montana were reviewed. Data from 56 sites are analyzed in the Atlas. Information on the sites and the data collection programs is included. While more data have been gathered since the Atlas was published, it remains the only publicly available collection of data from numerous sites. These historical data should be useful for preliminary

http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/engineering/story/0,9840,653199,00.html

http://www.sustdev.org/energy/articles/energy/edition2/index.shtml


http://www.awea.org/greenpower/index.html

http://homepower.com/files/hp90-50.pdf


http://homepower.com/

http://www.arkansasrenewableenergy.org/consumers_guide.pdf


http://me.oregonstate.edu/ERRL/index.html

http://www.windpower.dk/tour/index.htm

http://www.me3.org/issues/wind/

http://www.deq.state.mt.us/Energy/wind_atlas/wind_atlas_index.asp

identification of potential sites. The Atlas is available on line at the Montana Department of Environmental Quality Energize Montana website. National Wind Coordinating Committee (NWCC) A U.S. consensus-based collaborative formed in 1994, NWCC identifies issues that affect the use of wind power, establishes dialogue among key stakeholders, and catalyzes appropriate activities to support the development of an environmentally, economically, and politically sustainable commercial market for wind power. NWCC members include representatives from electric utilities and support organizations, state legislatures, state utility commissions, consumer advocacy offices, wind equipment suppliers and developers, green power marketers, environmental organizations, and state and federal agencies. Wind Energy Basics Provides information about wind, including how wind turbines work, advantages and disadvantages of its use, wind energy use throughout history, U.S. wind energy resource potential, and current research and development. Renewable Resource Data Center (RReDC) Provides information on several types of renewable energy resources in the United States, in the form of publications, data, and maps. An extensive dictionary of renewable energy related terms is also provided. The News section announces new products on the RReDC, which is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy's Resource Assessment Program and managed by the Photovoltaics Technology Division of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Small Wind Electric Systems – A Montana Consumer’s Guide (PDF) Learn about small wind systems and whether one is right for you in a this new booklet published jointly by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Center for Appropriate Technology, and the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. The booklet includes a wind resource map of Montana, an explanation of state incentives for installing a wind system, and a list of contacts for more information. Small Wind Electric Systems – A U. S. Consumer’s Guide (PDF) This guide provides basic information you need to answer those questions and to address the many factors you need to consider to successfully install a small wind energy system and get maximum production. Small Wind Energy Systems for the Homeowner This publication will help you decide whether a wind system is practical for you. It explains the benefits, helps you assess your wind resource and possible sites, discusses legal and environmental obstacles, and analyzes economic considerations such as pricing. Small Wind System Slide Shows Downloadable slide shows from the American Wind Energy Association. Solar and Wind Easements Montana's solar and wind easement provisions allow property owners to create solar and wind easements for the purpose of protecting and maintaining proper access to sunlight and wind. While 32 other states have solar easement provisions, only three other states have created specific provisions for the creation of wind easements. Montana's solar easement law was enacted in 1979 and the wind easement was enacted in 1983. For more information, contact Tom Livers, Montana Department of Environmental Quality, at 406-444-6776. Utility Wind Interest Group (UWIG) A non-profit corporation whose mission is to accelerate the appropriate integration of wind power for utility applications through the coordinated efforts and actions of its members, in collaboration with public and private sector stakeholders. Membership is open to utilities and other entities that have an interest in wind generation. What Landowners Need to Know About Attracting Wind Energy Developers to Their Land in North Dakota Published by the University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, this brochure can help Montanans faced with questions about developing wind resources on their land. It includes partial lists of nonprofit wind energy contacts, websites, and with landowner information. AWEA's Wind Directory Search this directory to obtain wind energy services and equipment from companies who have demonstrated a commitment to wind and renewable technology and adhere to AWEA's code of business ethics. Wind Energy Atlas Estimates wind energy resource for the United States and its territories and indicates general


http://www.nationalwind.org/default.htm

http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_basics.html

http://rredc.nrel.gov/

http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/pdfs/small_wind/small_wind_mt.pdf

http://www.windenergy.com/PRESS/small_wind_guide.pdf

http://www.eren.doe.gov/erec/factsheets/wind.html

http://www.solarharvest.org/Solar Easement Law.htm

http://www.uwig.org/

http://www.eerc.und.nodak.edu/literature/pdf/qanda.PDF


http://www.awea.org/directory/

http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/

areas where a high wind resource may exist. This information is valuable to wind energy developers and potential wind energy users because it allows them to choose a general area of estimated high wind resource for more detailed examination. A siting document, such as that written by Hiester and Pennell (1981), can assist a potential user in going from wind resource assessment to site selection. Wind Energy Finance Website Operated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, this website allows users to calculate online the cost of electricity generated by a wind system. The website lets users create a new project on screen (or modify an existing project) by entering values for numerous assumptions step-by-step until enough information has been entered to calculate the project cost. Projects added or modified are stored convenience and are available the next time a user logs in. Wind Energy Potential in the United States Estimates of the electricity that could potentially be generated by wind power and of the land area available for wind energy have been calculated for the contiguous United States. The estimates are based on published wind resource data and exclude windy lands that are not suitable for development as a result of environmental and land-use considerations. Wind Potential in the United States: U.S. Wind Maps Maps showing the U.S. annual wind power resource, annual wind power resource in Alaska and Hawaii and the percent of U.S. land area with an annual wind resource of Class 3 or above. Wind Powering America A commitment to dramatically increase the use of wind energy in the United States. This initiative works to establish new sources of income for American farmers, Native Americans, and other rural landowners, and meet the growing demand for clean sources of electricity. Website offers a host of useful information on topics such as wind resource assessment, siting, transmission, economics, utility integration, project development, and policy issues. Wind Power in Montana Pages from a Wind Powering America publication that focus on Montana. Wind Workshop Presentations On Line Presentation from the Wind Powering Montana Workshop October 3, 2001, in Big Sky. Translated from PowerPoint into viewable web pages. Windustry Focuses on economic development from wind energy, valuation of environmental benefits, and distributed generation. Windustry promotes wind energy through outreach, educational materials, and technical assistance to rural landowners, local communities and utilities, and state, regional, and non-profit collaborations. Website features wind basics, wind opportunities, wind turbine sites, a wind calculator, curriculum, resource library, and news and events.

Homebuilt wind turbines Scoraig Wind Electric Hugh Piggott's homebuilt wind power homepage. Great information about small-scale wind power--one of the best websites out there. Lots of interesting pages and links. Blade design and construction techniques, Tip Speed Ratio explained in plain english, Rotor design info and other downloads, and pictures and information about Hugh's Brakedrum Windmill. The newest pages of his site describe in detail the axial flux designs that Hugh is building at his seminars now, both an 8-foot dia. and 4-foot dia. model. You can order the plans for these new machines from his site. WindStuffNow.com Ed Lenz's excellent homebuilt wind power site. Lots of projects! Alternators from scratch, converting induction motors to permanent-magnet alternators, useful formulas, blade building, 3-phase explained in plain English, inexpensive blade design software, and more. Really cool site, with lots of informative pictures too. Building a Wind Generator from Scratch Chuck Morrison's highly informative homebuilt windmill site. A 7ft. rotor with lots of pictures and templates of rotor construction. Powered by a fan motor re-wound into an alternator. Great project!

http://analysis.nrel.gov/windfinance/login.asp

http://www.nrel.gov/wind/potential.html


http://www.nrel.gov/wind/usmaps.html


http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/

http://www.montanagreenpower.com/wind/pdfs/windmont.pdf


http://www.deq.state.mt.us/energy/Renewable/presentations.asp

http://www.windustry.org/default.htm

http://www.scoraigwind.com/

http://www.windstuffnow.com/

http://www.greeleynet.com/~cmorrison/WindMachine.html

Andy Little's Homemade Wind Generator Uses a homebrew PM alternator based on Hugh Piggott's design. In use for pumping water electrically. Lots of photos and information about how it was built, very informative site if you want to build an axial-flux machine from scratch! Otherpower.com's Homebrew Wind Generators A collection of all of our experiments with wind power, including our Volvo brake disc wind generator designs. A great resource for the homebrew wind experimentor, with lots of informative photos. Mike Klemen's Wind Generator Page Lots of information, photos, maintenance logs, reliability reports, windmill sound clips and data acquisition plots from a variety of working wind installations. A really nice site! Detronics.net Wind turbine and wind data acquisition dealer, with a very informative website. He's flying a Bergey XL.1 and a SWWP Air X at his wind test site, and posts the collected monthly data to this site, along with solar data. The numbers show very dramatically how important swept area is! Paul Gipe's Website Lots of small- and large-scale wind power articles and information from an expert in the field. Paul Gipe is also an active participant in the AWEA wind Discussion Board, and has written excellent books on the subject. Airheads -- the GarboGen wind generator The GarboGen is a wind generator designed by Jerry and built by him and many others worldwide -- made from a surplus garbage disposal motor converted into a permanent magnet alternator, and plastic blades on a metal hub to drive it. Many detailed pictures on the site, and the blades and hubs are available for purchase inexpensively. Savonious Rotor Savonious Rotor windmill sketches and information from Australia. This windmill design is built from 55gallon oil drums. TopGreen.co.uk Homebuilt brake disc wind turbine information and pictures from the hamlet of Top Green, Sibthorpe, Nottinghamshire. An excellent array of pictures of every step of the construction process. Airheads -- the GarboGen wind generator The GarboGen is a wind generator designed by Jerry and built by him and many others worldwide -- made from a surplus garbage disposal motor converted into a permanent magnet alternator, and plastic blades on a metal hub to drive it. Many detailed pictures on the site, and the blades and hubs are available for purchase inexpensively. Steve's Tape Drive Motor Wind Turbine Lots of great photos and construction details about this working, flying wind turbine made with a tape drive motor as the generator. Picoturbine.com Includes a unique educational windmill kit, wind power books, and Savonius rotor simulator software, as well as many links. Dragonfly Power Home of the Dragonfly Wind Generator, a very interesting design that uses an automotive alternator and gearing. Neat furling and field control system. The Back Shed Homebuilt wind turbine site from an Australian friend from our discussion board. Lots of pictures and construction details, plus kits for sale based on Fisher-Paykel smartdrive motors converted to alternators. The kits take care of the complicated metalworking bits for you. This site is well worth checking out! http://www.energybook.co.ukA great website developed by the author of this guide it provides lots of information on renewable energy and sustainable living http://www.wxtrade.comThe energybook marketplace - buy and sell renewable energy and sustainable living products for free. Hundreds of great products. http://www.ometoremember.co.ukWeb based bookshop selling fiction and non-fiction books including renewable energy books.

http://www.servocomm.freeserve.co.uk/Windpower/uber_frame.htm

http://otherpower.com/otherpower_wind.html

http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndsu/klemen/Site_TOC.htm

http://www.detronics.net/

http://rotor.fb12.tu-berlin.de/personen/paul.html

http://www.dplusv.com/Photo-03.html

http://www.southcom.com.au/~windmill/

http://www.topgreen.co.uk/


http://www.naturalhealthwizards.com/windpower/

http://www.picoturbine.com/

http://dragonflypower.com/DragonBlerb.htm

http://www.thebackshed.com/




--

How To Construct A CHEAP WIND MACHINE

FOR PUM ING WATER instructions for building a Savonius Rotor

for Water Bumping

The Savonius Hotor is a vertical-shaft windmachine, develcrpetl by the Finish engineer. S. J. Savonius, during the years 1925-28.

A test program was carried out on this typr cf machine by the Bract &search Institute to find out its potentialities for low Cost water pumping.

From the tests the following conclusions can be drawn: The Savonius Rotor, although not as efficient as a windmill of comparabte size, lends itself to water pumping for irrigation in underdeveloped areas due to its low initial cost, simplicity of materials and construction. and low maintenance cost.

It will successfully operate in areas whert* the wind speeds are in the region of 8 to 12 mph. and above, and the water level is not more than 10 to 15 ft. below ground. The rotor, drive and yuml~ are eminently suitable for home construction by the handyman with but a few tools and access to a welding set. It can be made from a variety of materials at low cost since no critical machining is necessary.

The only important points to be observed in erecting such a machine is the proper choicr of the site and careful assessment of the average wind-speeds. From this information the tlrouer pump size and stroke can be Chosen from the graphs at the back of this pamphlet. It will also be necessary to provide some sort of water storage into which water can be pumped at good wind-speeds aud later used for irrigation when needed. The bigger tbe storage capacity the more flexible the system becomes.

The rotor described here is the one used for all the tests carried out at the Brace Research Institute and was built from locally (Barbados) available materials in a small workshop with unskilled labor at very low cost.

The whole pumping system comprises 3 units: The rotor, the drive and the pump.

Each unit will be dealt with separately. These instructions apply to the type built at Brace, but it is left to the builder’s ingenuity to sub- atitute other materials or processes of ronstruc- tion to suit local conditions. The only important measurements to be adhered to are the proportions of the rotor itself. as shown in Fig. 1.

1. The Rotor tt Consists of two 45 gallon uit drums, bisected

leugthwise and welded together to form two troughs. (Fig. 2). These two troughs arc mounted betwetn two end plates, made from ‘of ”

Fig. 2

plywood, 48” diameter. They can both be cut frbni one siuglc sheet of standard plywood. which measures 48 ins. by 9ti ins. The dimensions for mounting the drum halves are given in Fig. 1. The ends of the oil drums are simply bolted to the wooden disks with 3/8 in. stnve bolts, washers and nuts. The shaft through the renter of the rotor is l-1/4 in. It) water pipe, which should extend about (i ins. beyond either end of the rnd plates. To secure the shalt to the end plates two flanged collars arc used, as shown in Fig. 3. They should bc ;I snuct fit on the outside of the shaft. They :IW btrltc*tl to the plywood witlr 4 bolts, and after inserting the shaft, are drilled and secured to it with :I S/4 in. bolt. spring wnshcr and nut. To sutrtmrl

Fig. 3.

. .

METWOO !%R BALAYC’Y~ Romp.

Fijr. 5 .

Fig. 4,

Before nrounting this rutor in tlir franlv il mud be rarefully balanced to itvoid vibriilions at high speeds. This is easily rlun~ by pluciw the assembled rotor horixontallp on twit Irvel tirarght a%&% aad adding wei@& to the cir- comference in the center of the rotor, until prdect balance is achieved. (See Fig. 5).

THE FRAME The frame consisls of four pieces of 4 in, by

2 in. timber, as shown in Fig. 6. The joints should be securely bolted with gusset plates, to make it as stiff as possible. It must be steadied with wire guys, securely anchored to the ground and tensioned by turnbuckles. The lower cross member should be about 6 ft. above the ground, but can be Inore if practicable.

i

k--RAhE 4~ WtREs Fig. 6.

-__ -- Colwrcmc ROD

2. The Drive It consists of the krcentric. horizontal con-

neoting rod, brll rrank and vertical pun~p rod. See Fig. 7.

‘tilt* rc’cc~nlril~ 14 ;I t)irc*c* 4&f sl~c*l. Imrmt 141 fil flw c-utl of I!w 1owc.r ;ulal)tor aucl sccurc+d to it by II Illrough boll. ‘l’iu~ frlrc* is clriltrd and Iaptml 141 reccGvc* ii holl which must br a good fit in the bore* of lhc tmtt bearing, forming the big encl. Thr erceutricity is 7/32 ins. which gives H htrokc ~tf i/l(i in. ‘!-he blg ecr! of the connecting rod is ;I ball bearing, *h in. bore, which is held in a split fitting attached to the rod. The ronnecting rod of a motorcycle or small c:lr &gine \vill do nicely for this purpose. Cut the sbarrk off i~nrl weld a piecc Of 1 in. Ill tubihg lo it. about ti ins. long to receive the wooden ronnpc4iug rtr~l. (Fig. XC).

~XCCNI YB DPIVE Asscien

Fig. 7.

a. ADXJSTABLE PUMPS t?H?K~hlb

& CONNECTING ROD FOW lh.

h

c. CONNECTING Rob t% END

Fig. N

S~IICT 11~~ putnp is :I 5iuglr uVt1ug diaphragm pulll(~. the two actuating rods arr only in tcn- sirm, ;Incl :IW thrrmcfow n~nde of ~ootl. I in. S~lUi~lY. \Villi lhr SIIIU!~ c*crrutricit?; :rnd the fiesitrility td !h wocbli il is nut necessary to I~:IVV :I univc~rsal joint ilt the beI1 crank iWil. ‘:‘hi woollall counccting rod carries a fork on its wdl rntl. wifh :I good fitting pin of I& in. tli;l. through ;I hole in the upper arm of the bell crank. The pump rod is a similar oiecc of 1 is. square \voort with an adjustab!e fork zsd on top. Refer to Figs. 8A and 86, which are self-explanatory.

The bell crank is made from a piece of l/4 in. steel plate, cut as shown in Fig. 9. The holes are reinforced with welded bosses :IS shown and drilled after welding. If possible these bearing holes should be bushed with a bronze bush, this will increase the lit% of the pin ;rncl tirevent the system from developing

backlash. ‘l’hpre should also be an oil hose for lubrication. Thr overall width of the hushes must be a closr fit in thP fork to preevnt any side play.

3. The PlJrnD ‘II-it! pullIt) sheeted for this applicaliou is a

single acting diaphragm pump. This design has been chosen because it is simple to build, with Iriiniliiuiil tllil~‘llillilig rc:tuirrd. It is pmctical!v

nl:iilitenaiirc II-CT :IIICI it is cehrap. All pipe eon- iic~clicms ilW stantl;irci 1 inch watrr-pipe uipples :llltl kklbnws. Th? valves can be any com- nlerci;lllu ;Ivailable type of non-return valve.

The pump itself is mounted just below wutrl level I fully subrurrgetl) so that there is no

cwlllprcssitrn in the rod on the suction stroke. .\ srrwn slmr~l~l bc* fitted ‘on the intake valve to prt~verlt foreign malt~~r entering the pump. The cliafihragui is ~.~acte fruur a piece of inner trite,

‘t/32 to l/U in. thick. ‘I’hc flange should bv at

Fig 9.

._._-_- PUMP ROD

Fig . Iti

ltwsl l-l/4 in. witlc :mcl lakri: # bolts around c~ll;lllllIw. ‘fhc tliwrnhions of thr lmmp arc not the circunlfwrnw, to enswe n good senl. tuo witic3l cmcc* the ttianwtcr and strtrkrn havr

As cm be .see11 in Figs. 10 unrl 11. the PUIIIP been detcrtninecl. The stirrut) must he itimen is inverted, the diaphragm being operated ~ionc~l SO that it provides H definite stop cm the throutfh a stirrup attached to the pump rod. up ;Intl cl6bwn strakr. This will prevent damage

This gives the tnuutr greater flexibility and is 10 the cli:lptrrtigm during hnnclling and instab siiuplcr than Icarlinrc the rod through the puurt~ laticrn.

---- SHEET HET~C BRAC.KET,

WEIDEDT~ STIRQUP.

A.055 D &MN.

FiH. II.

The main body of the pump consists of u piece of pipe or welded ring, closed at one end and having :I welded flange on the other. A flange ring povides the clamping of the rubber diaphragm. See Fig. 11. Two 1 inch water-pipr nipples arc welded on each side for thr inlet and outlet valv(*s. The two discs supportiug the rubber diaphragm -were made from “Tufnol”. :I hard, resin impregnated fnbrir, hul any similar hard r~ialcrial can be used, f*ven I~arfl-

wood will do. if nothing else ran hr- lwwurett. Thr cleamncr between discs and putnl~-body is 0.055D and thr inside corners of tbc discs must be well rounded to prevent cutiixg tlrt* rubber on thr up and down sir&e. This is very inl- portant. When nsscmbling the pump, sealing- compound is applied to the rubber between the discs and the flanges to assure a good seal. The mounting bar on top of the housing must be very stiff and can be (tither welded or bolted to the top platr. If bolts are used they must he a good fit and should have copper washers to insure against leaks. it is most important when mounting the pump in the well, to secure the mounting bar vtary firmly either by concreting, or bolting to :t couple of cross-timbers in lhc well. ‘lhe tension forces in the pump-rod are in the rcginn of 21Ml Ihs. and at high revolutions this hanlnlrring will SOOII shake loose a weak mounting. The pump-rod should be left longer than Ihr required lrngth h-fort- mounting thr pump in tlie well. After the lmn11, h:is been installctl am: the bell crank is nlountrtl on thr frame, lhe i*rll crank is brought to its neutr;lI position awl the adjustable fork end of the pump-rod to hallway on the thread. The rod is now cut so that it will fit fully into the tube of the fork, drilled’aud secured with 4 holts, ah

shown in Fig. 8A. Now the pun~p-rod is pulled up against the stop, the eccentric tnrnrcl to full stroke and the fork adjusted so thal the pin goes freely lhrough the hole in 111~ Iwll Crth.

Now turn the fork nnnthrr one and a half turns

OH gr:Iph So. 1. sch.1 the head of wzitcr to be pumped. This i:; 11~~ vcrtirnl tlist:l:i~*c~ IJC- t\wt*ll the water Iwc4 ili the Wdl. ;rnd the oiillct in the rcscrvo,ir. ‘l’hc grilpll is alrcacly c*cbrrected for the dynamic head. which inc!uf!rs the fric-

lion in thr pipe ibnd thtb va1~cx From t!lr head of wuter on the left scale drtiv: a horizontal linr until it intersects, the apl>ropri;ltr wind speett corye and draw :I sertirnl line through lhis point. This will intersect eve of the fmw straight lines marked: Pump 1. 2, 3. and 4. Each is !;or one IJUIIII, of a given tiiametm and gives on the right hand scalr the proper stroke for this particular I~III~~J and I:PYI combination.

Eruniple: (Follow dotted iinr 011 graph) He:id 15 ft. windspeed 10 III~*‘I. Draw liorizontal line at 15 ft. head. At intrsection with 10 Illlrh. rnrve draw

VcrtiCill line.

It intersects str;iight liiw of pump 2 l+orn this poinl llril\V horizont;ll line to the

right hand. stroke-?.ciilc. This gives 4 stroke of 0.M in. The pump has to operate at thi:: stroke bw

give the best clffirienry of the rotor. To obtain this stroke from the bell crank, pmcced as follows: l’hc ratios of strnkc ?nrl distancr from pivot are rqii:il.

‘I?creforf* : I).J.?75:~I-=O.M:x (ixll..Xi ; 7 7

s--- . (L.4375

‘rhe horizontal :\rnI of the! hell crank will have to be 7.7 ins long to give :I pump stroke nf 0.56 in. Fig 9.

The bntlom scale of Graph Ne!. 1 gives the xtuai volume in cubic* ins. per stroke pumped at various wind spcctls.

This inakrs il pf~ssihlc tn tlcterminr the size iIII(I stroke of any other :lVilihbk Imlnp, such ns ;I piston pump.

Find the* hcatl to 1)~ l~u~nprrl and Ihe wind speefl as hcfore, draw :I vertical line from this point tu the bottom w11e and read the volume per stroke. Divide Illis volume hy Ihe piston area and this will hr the stroke required.

lf. fnr t~Xillllpl~. a piston ~JUIII~ of 2 in. dia- incter 1~ cix’ a~nilat~lc thr hc;ld is again I.i ft. r:>d the \vinrl SIYCCC~ IO lrlph.. cnntir?rrt: the

vertical dotted lint tcl fhe base scalr and read off 13.3 Cu. ins./strokc. 13.3 divided by 3.14 (artla of piston) gives a sforke of 4.23 ins.

1’1) obtain this slrokc III 1.23 ins. from Ihe hrll rrank. il ~trultl IW ;ItlVisablr‘ to alter the er:.clnlricily 10 NISI 11 IIIWC suitnblr radio :\I fho Itc41 (*rank. If 1h(* carrrntr’icity is marIt* Si in.. Ihen the stroke of the ccmnccting rod bcromrs I in. This leavrs A ratio of 1 4.23 at the bell crank, which could br divided intct in vertical leg of, say, 2?4 ins., and a Iiorizontal leg of IO.58 ins. long. The hell crank would have to be shaped to conform to these measurements.

If a piston, pump is used for this purpose. it must be a single arting pump, mounted below water level and operated so that the pump rod is only in tension. This will assure that there are no problems either due to buckling of the pump rod and connecting rod, or trouble with prim- ing of the pump.

Estimating the Output of the Pump (iraph No. 2, Curve A. gives the output of thr

pu111p at the srlcctrtl (rated) windspcrtl for the sitr in clueslion, when pumping against H head of 111 feet. Tlic output ;8t the rat14 wintlspee(l when pumrtina ilpainsl a hcatl dthrr than II! feet may bk calrUliltt*tl from (:urvc X by simlllr proportion. For rxaniplc, the piiml~ which has already heen selected from (iraph No. 1, to pump against a bead of 15 fee1 most efficiently in a windspeed of 10 mph.. will have an output at 10 mph. of

10 \V := 272 X. - = 181 Inlprrial ~:;lll~Jns l,l’r

15 hour.

Note that. at windspeeds other than the rated windspeed, the pump will give,=an output SOIIW- what lower than the figure read froul Curve A of Graph No. 2. :IS it will no longrr be operating at its best efficiency. For rxample. the per’formance of a particular pump is indicated hy Curve B on Graph No. 2, which refers to a putnl, with a bore of 7-l/4 in. and :I stroke of 7/1fi in. The stroke has bern selcrtrd to give - optimum performance at -a windspeed of 9.2 wh., and Cnrve B coincides with Curve A pt this windspeed. However. as thv wintlspced increases (or decreasrs) progressively beyond the rated windspeed of Q.2 mph.. the rclativc performance of ?hr pump drops off and the actual output, read from Curve 8, becomes $1 progressively smaller fraction of lhe optimum output. read from Curve A.

Pumping at Heads of More Than 30 Feet In this :eaflct consideration has brrn t-c-

strirted to a very low cost pump) :~ntl thr simplest farm of power transmission system. The equipment described ubovc has been tested when pumping against hinds of up to 30 feet.

It is rxtrctnrly tliflirul1 18, tlrfinc the ;ic2ual rest of ;I prcljccnl II~V this in tlclll;irs ;1nd c-ruts. As in an> “l)o.lt-\‘l,rll.srlf” llrnj,~rl, the biqcrsl part nf the job is the labour. which is assu~rd lo bc frw. Drlwl~tlirlg OII tllc skill, I)atirrCc and resources 4 the home-l:uild~~r. even the Cost of tllr Inatc*rials can v:lrv ronGdrmbly.

In thr prolotypr clc~srribrd hcrr. only the ball bearings, WKMI Ior thr l’ramr, and plywond for the rotor WPW purchased nrw. All nthrr matrrial was fwntl :lrnund the p!nrr. The bark of a garage or sm:~ll machinp shop is usually :I good place to look for things like pircrs of pipe. angles, bolls, etr. If rrn wrlding equipment is at hand, all the pirres to hr welded should be carrfully prcpnred. wired or clamped togetlirr and taken tn thr nearest welding ~1101’. If cvcrything is properly prepared, the actual welding for thr whole iob will nc,t take longer than I hour. ‘r’hc only parts rrcluirinil machining :I.(* thr Shilft ad:il)tors, the etrentric for the* rotor, thr flanges and tlisrs for thr diaphia~m ~111111~I. Ail rbthrr work requirrn a drill only.

Finally, fit give :I rougl~ idpa of the r:nst. the main ih~ms ;Irc listecl hrrt* as purchased in U;irbadoh, in thr cquivalcnt of I!.!? TIoll:irs:- 2 Oil tlrums (gnod condition) . $4 2.m 2 Self-alignin;! Hall Wirings. flange

type . . . . 14.m Mi ft. 2 s 4 Timber . . . . 7.50 1 ~lwc*l s in. Plywvcwrl (4 ft. R 8 ft.) 12.50 30 ft. l/R tliilmetcnr (;:ilvanizrd Stcrl

Wire . . . . . . . . .30 6 l/J s 4 ius. ‘I‘~II.II I+uckles . . 3.30 7 ft. l-I/J 1.1). \V;itrr I’ipc (Elotrrr

shaft) . . . . . . . . 2.70 1 $4 in. I~(IIY 11itll ILring (big-‘*ml I 1.60 1:) ft. I’l;lS:iC’ I’ipc~ (rl?*livcry~ . 4.1Q Rolts. Nuts. \~;~sll~l~s. c4r. . . . . 2.00

Tot,11 : U.S. 9 51.00

TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE DIAPHRAGM PUMP

1. The diaphragm should be of fairly thick rubber - rubber from heavy truck or tractor inner tube is good - rubber that is too thin or too flexible is not satisfactory

since under a large head the deformation of the diaphragm tends to negate the full diaphragm displacement,

2. The stroke may well have to be increased to one or tw> inches, depending on the rubber flexibility, In order to effect this, it may be necessary to increase the clearance between the discs and the pumpbody.

3. It was found, in practice in very remote conditions, that a fair bit of experimentation was needed in order to determine the best location of the pump relative to both the source and the discharge. This pump is most efficient when immersed, however the pressure head then becomes too great and diaphragm deformation becomes very significant, For our 4+" pump, a suction head of about 6 to 8 feet with a pressure head of some 8 to 10 feet was felt to be about thelimiting conditions,

4. The pump rod and connecting rod end connections should be firm. Any play in these takes away from the length of stroke,

Wind Generator Savonius Type 12V – 200 Watt

http://www.energybook.co.uk http://www.wxtrade.com http://www.onetoremember.co.uk





Introduction

About the publisher Richard Jemmett’s keen interest in the generation and use of energy has helped to shape his formal career and provide an incentive to write on the subject. He graduated from the University of Leeds in 1980 with a degree in fuel and energy engineering and has held various positions within energy and consultancy companies working in the UK, Europe the Middle East and Asia. He is a Board Director of two energy related companies and a past president of the Institution of Gas engineers and Managers He has written many articles, essays, and conference presentations on utility industry strategy, energy industry development, energy market deregulation, renewable energy, distributed generation and high reliability organisational design. This ebook and other similar documents can be found at the onetoremember online bookshop

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sustainable living.


Disclaimer The information supplies in this publication has been supplied in all good faith and believed to be correct. However no liability will be accepted for any accident, damage or injury caused as a result, or arising from the use of information form this publication.



Introduction to the Savonius wind turbine Wind units can be divided into two major types, horizontal axis and vertical axis machines. Horizontal machines some times known as HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines) are the traditional conventional design, they consist of a rotor with one to twenty blades driving a generator or a pump either directly or through a gearbox, chain or belt system. A tail vane or fantail is required to direct the machine into the wind. They are usually more efficient than vertical axis units known as VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbines). Savonius and Darius are two designs of vertical axis machines. This type of unit is often not situated on a tower and does not have to be directed into the wind. Materials and construction are usually cheaper than horizontal axis machines. The Savonius windmill was the brainchild of Sigrid Savonius of Finland. The racing driver of the 1930s said the secret of a good machine was to "add lightness and simplicate". A simple unit can be made by attaching two halves of vertically split oil barrel to a vertical axis this produces a low speed high torque unit that can be used for pumping water and through a gearing mechanism, generating electricity. This design also has the advantage of an aerodynamic effect called the "magnus principal”, suction is formed by the air moving over the convex face of the rotor. This means that there is force acting on the face of the rotor pulling it into the wind. The most ubiquitous application of the Savonius wind turbine is the Flettner Ventilator which is commonly seen on the roofs of vans and buses and is used as a cooling device. The ventilator was developed by the German aircraft engineer Anton Flettner in the 1920s. It uses the Savonius wind turbine to drive an extractor fan. The vents are still manufactured in the UK by Flettner Ventilator Limited. Small Savonius wind turbines are sometimes seen used as advertising signs where the rotation helps to draw attention to the item advertised. About these plans This plan was developed to make use a car alternator maybe not the best generator but certainly widely available. The plan was originally written Peter Hanbury in the 1970s with the rights for reproduction bought by Richard Jemmett (then Jemmett Engineering) in the 1980s. Since then many hundreds have been sold and successfully built. The plan is in its original form and may be a little difficult to read but if you have any difficulties after printing please email me [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator


NOTICE The information contained in this guide has been given in good faith and is believed to be accurate at the time of writing. Whilst every effort has been made to obtain the correct information, no liability can be accepted for any information that is incorrect or misleading.

Website links

Energybook and associated websites http://www.energybook.co.ukA great website developed by the author of this guide it provides lots of information on renewable energy and sustainable living http://www.wxtrade.comThe energybook marketplace - buy and sell renewable energy and sustainable living products for free. Hundreds of great products. http://www.ometoremember.co.ukWeb based bookshop selling fiction and non-fiction books including renewable energy books.

Wind energy associations ANEV - associazione nazionale energia del vento (I) AWEA - American Wind Energy Association (USA)APPA - Asociación de Productores de Energías Renovables (ES) Austrian Wind Energy Association (A) AUSWEA - Australian Wind Energy Association (AUS) BWE - Bundesverband Wind Energie e.V., German Wind Energy Association (D) BWEA - British Wind Energy Association (GB) CANWEA - Canadian Wind Energy Association (CAN) Les Compagnons d'Eole (B) DV - Danmarks Vindmølleforening - Danish Wind Turbine Owners' Association (DK) Dansk Selskab for Vindenergi (DK) EOLE (CAN) (pour les francophones) Estonian Wind Power Association (EST) EWEA, European Wind Energy Association (EU) Finnish Wind Power Association (FIN)Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)Vindkraftföreningen Finland, Finnish Wind Energy Association (Swedish language) IWEA, Irish Wind Energy Association (IE) New Zealand Wind Energy Association (NZ) PEE - Plataforma Empresarial Eólica (ES) South African Wind Energy Association (ZA)




http://www.anev.org/


http://www.appa.es/

http://www.igwindkraft.at/

http://www.auswea.com.au/

http://www.wind-energie.de/

http://www.bwea.com/

http://www.canwea.ca/



http://www.vindselskab.dk/

http://www.eole.org/

http://www.tuuleenergia.ee/

http://www.ewea.org/

http://www.tuulivoimayhdistys.fi/index_en.htm

http://www.gwec.net/

http://www.vindkraftforeningen.fi/

http://www.iwea.com/

http://www.windenergy.org.nz/

http://www.plataformaempresarialeolica.com/

http://sawea.www.icon.co.za/

Suisse-Eole (CH) Syndicat des Energies Renouvelables (FR)

Magazines and information services Windpower Monthly Good international coverage of the wind business. WindStats Newsletter Articles plus loads of statistics on wind energy production in many parts of the world. Wind Directions is the magazine of the European Wind Energy Association, published six times a year, giving current developments and news on the wind energy industry in Europe. Windpower Monthly publishes news and critical analyses of key issues about wind power and its markets. Includes The Windicator, the renowned page of market indicators, giving a country by country breakdown of installed capacity. New Review is the Quarterly Newsletter for the UK New and Renewable Energy Industry, principally covering: wind, solar, biomass and hydro energy developments. Produced by ETSU on behalf of the DTI. WindStats Newsletter is a quarterly international wind energy publication with news, reviews, wind turbine production and operating data from over 12,000 wind turbines, plus much more. Renewable Energy World accentuates the achievements and potential of all forms of renewable energy sources and the technologies being developed to harness them. In this on-line version there are full text selected articles, abstracts, back issue information, and links to all of the other renewable energy information sources at James & James including its international database of renewable energy suppliers and services. Renew On-Line is an edited, text only, version of parts of the News sections of RENEW, the journal of NATTA, the independent national UK Network for Alternative Technology and Technology Assessment. Members include the Energy and Environment Research Unit (EERU) and the Open University. CADDET provides international information on renewable energy on full-scale commercial projects which are operating in the member countries, currently Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States and the European Commission (DGXVII - Energy). The CADDET programme covers the full range of renewable energy technologies. EuroREX (European Renewable Energy Exchange) is an on-line commercial information service and newsletter created by a network of energy experts from 30 European countries. Its aim is to provide up-to-date information on renewables directly from professionals working in the field. European Renewable Energy exchange Solstice is the Internet information service of the Renewable Energy Policy Project and the Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (REPP-CREST). Sustainable energy and development information as well as renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainable living World-wide Information System for Renewable Energy (WIRE). Wind Engineering. A bi-monthly journal which publishes technical papers on all aspects of wind energy systems.

Places to visit in the United Kingdom The Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales is an educational charity striving to achieve the best cooperation between the natural, technological and human worlds. CAT tests, lives with and displays strategies and tools for doing this. CAT has it's own wind turbine as part of their work for a sustainable future. The EcoTech Centre at Swaffham in Norfolk is an educational charity which aims to stimulate and inform people about the need for sustainable development. The Centre grounds include organic gardens, a biomass power station and one of the largest wind turbines in the world. The Earth Centre at Doncaster encompasses a range of environmental exhibitions and activities. Tel 01709 512000 for further information.

http://www.suisse-eole.ch/

http://www.ser-fra.com/

http://www.wpm.co.nz/


http://www.ewea.org/src/directions.htm

http://www.windpower-monthly.com/

http://www.dti.gov.uk/NewReview

http://www.etsu.com/


http://www.jxj.com/magsandj/rew/index.html

http://www-tec.open.ac.uk/eeru/natta/rol.html

http://www.caddet-re.org/

http://www.eurorex.com/

http://solstice.crest.org/

http://wire.ises.org:8888/wire/wire.nsf

http://www.multi-science.co.uk/windeng.htm

http://www.cat.org.uk/

http://www.cat.org.uk/information/tipsheets/turbine.html

http://www.ecotech.org.uk/

http://www.earthcentre.org.uk/

The Gaia Energy Centre in Cornwall is a centre for the promotion of, and education about, renewable and sustainable energy and energy conservation. Many wind farms have visitor centres or opportunities to see the turbines at closer range. Specific details can be found in our map of wind farms of the UK.

Scientific and research institutions The Wind Turbine Research Group at Cranfield Universtity. Institute for Wind Energy at Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands. National Wind Technology Center at The National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The U.S. Department of Energy's premier laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research, development and deployment. Risoe National Laboratory Wind Energy and Atmospheric Physics department.The research of the department aims develop new opportunities for industry and society in the exploitation of wind power and to map and alleviate atmospheric aspects of environmental problems in collaboration with the National Environmental Research Institute. The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN is the leading institute for energy research in the Netherlands. Research is carried out under contract from the government and from national and foreign organisations and industries. ECN's activities are concentrated in six priority areas: solar energy, wind energy, biomass, clean fossil, energy efficiency, and policy studies. Wind Energy Technology at Sandia National Laboratories. Applied research in aerodynamics, structural dynamics, fatigue, materials, manufacturing, controls, and systems integration to understand unsolved technology problems and to provide better design tools. New efforts investigate how rare atmospheric events can impact wind turbine long-term structural integrity and how advanced data handling techniques can be successfully applied to the difficult field environment of operating wind turbines. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) - science and technology solutions for the global energy industry.

General wind power links www.countryguardian.net Country Guardian is a UK conservation group focused on the environmental damage caused by commercial windfarms in areas of national or local landscape value. It is not opposed to wind energy as such, but in practice almost all onshore sites which are windy enough are environmentally sensitive. www.cefncroes.org.uk Cefn Croes Wind Farm Campaign - An American backed company, the Renewable Development Company (RDC), wishes to build Britain’s largest wind power station yet in the heart of Mid Wales. RDC proposes to build 39 enormous turbines on Cefn Croes, a wild expanse of upland above the villages of Cymystwyth. www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf10.htm Renewable Energy and Electricity - good article on the alternatives to fossil fuels in electricity generation - Technology to utilise the forces of nature for doing work to supply human needs is as old as the first sailing ship. There is a fundamental attractiveness about harnessing such forces in an age which is very conscious of the environmental effects of burning fossil fuels. www.cprw.org.uk/press/pressind.htm Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales - Index of Press Notices - Includes several press notices on the subject of wind turbines in Wales. www.natwindpower.co.uk/northhoyle/northhoyle.htm National Wind Power (NWP) is proposing to develop a wind farm off the North Wales coast. The proposed project, known as North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm (North Hoyle), is situated 4-5 miles off the coast between Prestatyn and Rhyl and will consist of 30 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of between 60-90MW.

http://www.gaiaenergy.co.uk/

http://www.bwea.com/ukwed/index.asp

http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/sme/ppa/wind/

http://www.ct.tudelft.nl/windenergy/ivwhome.htm

http://www.nrel.gov/wind/

http://www.risoe.dk/vea/index.htm

http://www.ecn.nl/main.html

http://www.sandia.gov/wind/


http://www.countryguardian.net/

http://www.cefncroes.org.uk/

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf10.htm

http://www.cprw.org.uk/press/pressind.htm

http://www.natwindpower.co.uk/northhoyle/northhoyle.htm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/wales/newsid_1432000/1432541.stm Wind farm plans scrapped - Company withdraws its plans for 26 turbines - Controversial plans for a £30m wind farm development on Denbigh Moors have been scrapped after rare birds were found on the site. www.offshorewindfarms.co.uk With the first offshore wind turbines in the UK already generating electricity at ~5p per unit, the further development of the offshore wind industry is an exciting prospect, and one which will see significant growth over the next decade. www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~mikes/norfolk/wind/ Norfolk wind turbines - A total of 853 turbines currently produce 405 megawatts of electricity in the UK, enough to meet the needs of quarter of a million homes annually (BWEA). Norfolk generates 5.25 megawatts (about 1.3% of total UK production, versus about 1.2% of UK population.) www.britishwindenergy.co.uk British Wind Industry Association - With a membership of over 500, including more than 180 corporate members, generating an annual turnover of 1,000,000 ecus, the BWEA is uniquely placed to consolidate and extend the wind energy industry in the UK. www.windpower.org Danish Wind Industry Association - read about Wind Energy - More than 100 animated pages and calculators on wind resources, wind turbine technology, economics, and environmental aspects of wind energy in the Guided Tour section. www.indianwindpower.com Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association - Power generation from wind has emerged as one of the most successful programmes in the renewable energy sector, and has started making meaningful contributions to the overall power requirements of some States. news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/england/newsid_1777000/1777268.stm Wind farm closed after blade snaps - The blade sits at the top of a 93-metre-high column. A turbine propeller blade has folded in half at the UK's first electricity-generating offshore wind farm, at Blyth, in Northumberland. www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/wind.html Introduction - Wind represents a vast source of energy which man has harnessed for over 2000 years. As the UK is the windiest country in Europe, wind power is one of the UK's most promising renewable energy technologies and already provides electricity for nearly a quarter of million homes. www.natwindpower.co.uk/ As environmental protection and sustainable development are now top priorities world wide, we all need to consider carefully how the energy that we consume should be produced. www.cprw.org.uk/wind/windindc.htm Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales - Wind Power Generation - CPRW's View: In the process of encouraging renewable energy Government policies on wind power fail to provide sufficient recognition of the the need to conserve the landscape and environment of rural Wales. www.scotland.gov.uk/news/2001/06/se1472.asp Scottish Executive - UK'S FIRST WIND TURBINE FACTORY TO BE BUILT IN THE HIGHLANDS - The UK’s first wind turbine factory will be built in Scotland, Highlands and Islands Minister, Alasdair Morrison announced today. The facility at Machrihanish, near Campbeltown will create 124 direct jobs and 44 indirect for the local economy. www.foe.co.uk/pubsinfo/infoteam/pressrel/2001/20010619115149.html Friends Of the Earth welcomes UK's first wind turbine factory - 19 Jun 2001- 'Swords into ploughshares' as military base becomes renewable energy plant - Friends of the Earth today warmly welcomed the announcement by the Scottish Executive and Danish firm Vestas Wind Systems of the UK's first commercial scale wind turbine plant. www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4195427,00.html MoD tries to veto wind farm sites - Trade department's expansion of renewable energy undermined by its backing for RAF objections to onshore and offshore plants www.cprw.org.uk/press/pn250102.htm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/wales/newsid_1432000/1432541.stm

http://www.offshorewindfarms.co.uk/info.html

http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~mikes/norfolk/wind/

http://www.britishwindenergy.co.uk/

http://www.windpower.org/core.htm

http://www.indianwindpower.com/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/england/newsid_1777000/1777268.stm

http://www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/wind.html

http://www.natwindpower.co.uk/

http://www.cprw.org.uk/wind/windindc.htm

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/news/2001/06/se1472.asp

http://www.foe.co.uk/pubsinfo/infoteam/pressrel/2001/20010619115149.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4195427,00.html

http://www.cprw.org.uk/press/pn250102.htm

Cefn Croes Ceredigion: Conservation groups call for Public Inquiry into UK's biggest wind power station. Today, six major conservation bodies, with a joint membership in Wales of many thousands, sent a letter to The Rt. Hon. Patricia Hewitt MP, Secretary of State for Trade and Industry protesting "in the strongest possible terms" about the declaration of the Energy Secretary. education.guardian.co.uk/higher/engineering/story/0,9840,653199,00.html Cold blow - Wednesday February 20, 2002 - For some, they are blights on a glorious landscape; for others, they mean clean energy and economic lifelines for rural communities. John Vidal looks at the battle over windfarms in mid-Wales. www.sustdev.org/energy/articles/energy/edition2/index.shtml An Assessment of the Impact of Wind Turbines on Birds at Ten Windfarm Sites in the UK by Ruth Thomas, University College London, UK American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) Since 1974, AWEA has advocated the development of wind energy as a reliable, environmentally superior energy alternative in the United States and around the world. AWEA's Green Power Factsheets provide answers to basic questions about Green Power, including what it is, the rationale for purchasing it, and procedures for buying it. Choosing a Home-Sized Wind Generator The August/September 2002 issue of Home Power Magazine is a must-read for anyone contemplating installing a wind generator. Home Power leads the reader through all the steps necessary to arrive at the answer to this key question about wind systems: which one should you choose. The entire 17-page article can be downloaded from Home Power’s website. Consumer's Guide to Renewable Energy in Arkansas While intended for Arkansas residents and businesses, much of the information presented in this publication also applies to residents in other states. Includes useful information on solar, wind, and renewable fuels. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is recognized as a world leader in creating science and technology solutions for the energy industry and for the benefit of the public. EPRI's technical program spans virtually every aspect of power generation, delivery, and use, including environmental considerations. The organization serves more than 1,000 energy organizations worldwide and draws on a global network of technical and business expertise to help solve energy problems. Energy Resources Research Laboratory (ERRL) The ERRL at Oregon State University has managed the data collection, quality assurance, and analysis for the Bonneville Power Administration's wind energy resource studies since 1978 and manages other data management activities for transmission line research. It maintains a large data base of wind data for the Pacific Northwest. This web page summarizes the wind statistics of the five Bonneville Power Administration's long-term wind monitoring sites in the Pacific Northwest. Guided Tour on Wind Energy Switch to the UK flag for the English website. Want to know where wind energy comes from? Want to learn about the Coriolis Force, global winds, geostrophic wind, wind speed measurement, the wind rose, wind shear, and wind shade? Need to find a wind shade calculator, information about wind turbine components, rotor blades, and wind energy economics? Answers to all your questions about wind energy can be found at the Danish Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association’s Guided Tour on Wind Energy. The website includes wind resource calculators and features more than 100 animated pages on wind resources, wind turbine technology, and economics. Each of the nine tours is a self-contained unit, so you may take the tours in any order. Minnesotans for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ME3) website provides many pages of wind energy information, including a wealth of links to utilities, research and other organizations, wind industry companies, federal government resources and wind energy publications and miscellaneous information. Montana Wind Energy Atlas The Montana Wind Energy Atlas is a comprehensive analysis of wind energy data available as of 1987. Data collected by a variety of public and private organizations at 158 wind monitoring sites around Montana were reviewed. Data from 56 sites are analyzed in the Atlas. Information on the sites and the data collection programs is included. While more data have been gathered since the Atlas was published, it remains the only publicly available collection of data from numerous sites. These historical data should be useful for preliminary

http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/engineering/story/0,9840,653199,00.html

http://www.sustdev.org/energy/articles/energy/edition2/index.shtml


http://www.awea.org/greenpower/index.html



http://homepower.com/

http://www.arkansasrenewableenergy.org/consumers_guide.pdf


http://me.oregonstate.edu/ERRL/index.html

http://www.windpower.dk/tour/index.htm

http://www.me3.org/issues/wind/


identification of potential sites. The Atlas is available on line at the Montana Department of Environmental Quality Energize Montana website. National Wind Coordinating Committee (NWCC) A U.S. consensus-based collaborative formed in 1994, NWCC identifies issues that affect the use of wind power, establishes dialogue among key stakeholders, and catalyzes appropriate activities to support the development of an environmentally, economically, and politically sustainable commercial market for wind power. NWCC members include representatives from electric utilities and support organizations, state legislatures, state utility commissions, consumer advocacy offices, wind equipment suppliers and developers, green power marketers, environmental organizations, and state and federal agencies. Wind Energy Basics Provides information about wind, including how wind turbines work, advantages and disadvantages of its use, wind energy use throughout history, U.S. wind energy resource potential, and current research and development. Renewable Resource Data Center (RReDC) Provides information on several types of renewable energy resources in the United States, in the form of publications, data, and maps. An extensive dictionary of renewable energy related terms is also provided. The News section announces new products on the RReDC, which is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy's Resource Assessment Program and managed by the Photovoltaics Technology Division of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Small Wind Electric Systems – A Montana Consumer’s Guide (PDF) Learn about small wind systems and whether one is right for you in a this new booklet published jointly by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Center for Appropriate Technology, and the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. The booklet includes a wind resource map of Montana, an explanation of state incentives for installing a wind system, and a list of contacts for more information. Small Wind Electric Systems – A U. S. Consumer’s Guide (PDF) This guide provides basic information you need to answer those questions and to address the many factors you need to consider to successfully install a small wind energy system and get maximum production. Small Wind Energy Systems for the Homeowner This publication will help you decide whether a wind system is practical for you. It explains the benefits, helps you assess your wind resource and possible sites, discusses legal and environmental obstacles, and analyzes economic considerations such as pricing. Small Wind System Slide Shows Downloadable slide shows from the American Wind Energy Association. Solar and Wind Easements Montana's solar and wind easement provisions allow property owners to create solar and wind easements for the purpose of protecting and maintaining proper access to sunlight and wind. While 32 other states have solar easement provisions, only three other states have created specific provisions for the creation of wind easements. Montana's solar easement law was enacted in 1979 and the wind easement was enacted in 1983. For more information, contact Tom Livers, Montana Department of Environmental Quality, at 406-444-6776. Utility Wind Interest Group (UWIG) A non-profit corporation whose mission is to accelerate the appropriate integration of wind power for utility applications through the coordinated efforts and actions of its members, in collaboration with public and private sector stakeholders. Membership is open to utilities and other entities that have an interest in wind generation. What Landowners Need to Know About Attracting Wind Energy Developers to Their Land in North Dakota Published by the University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, this brochure can help Montanans faced with questions about developing wind resources on their land. It includes partial lists of nonprofit wind energy contacts, websites, and with landowner information. AWEA's Wind Directory Search this directory to obtain wind energy services and equipment from companies who have demonstrated a commitment to wind and renewable technology and adhere to AWEA's code of business ethics. Wind Energy Atlas Estimates wind energy resource for the United States and its territories and indicates general


http://www.nationalwind.org/default.htm

http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_basics.html

http://rredc.nrel.gov/

http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/pdfs/small_wind/small_wind_mt.pdf

http://www.windenergy.com/PRESS/small_wind_guide.pdf

http://www.eren.doe.gov/erec/factsheets/wind.html

http://www.solarharvest.org/Solar Easement Law.htm

http://www.uwig.org/



http://www.awea.org/directory/

http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/

areas where a high wind resource may exist. This information is valuable to wind energy developers and potential wind energy users because it allows them to choose a general area of estimated high wind resource for more detailed examination. A siting document, such as that written by Hiester and Pennell (1981), can assist a potential user in going from wind resource assessment to site selection. Wind Energy Finance Website Operated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, this website allows users to calculate online the cost of electricity generated by a wind system. The website lets users create a new project on screen (or modify an existing project) by entering values for numerous assumptions step-by-step until enough information has been entered to calculate the project cost. Projects added or modified are stored convenience and are available the next time a user logs in. Wind Energy Potential in the United States Estimates of the electricity that could potentially be generated by wind power and of the land area available for wind energy have been calculated for the contiguous United States. The estimates are based on published wind resource data and exclude windy lands that are not suitable for development as a result of environmental and land-use considerations. Wind Potential in the United States: U.S. Wind Maps Maps showing the U.S. annual wind power resource, annual wind power resource in Alaska and Hawaii and the percent of U.S. land area with an annual wind resource of Class 3 or above. Wind Powering America A commitment to dramatically increase the use of wind energy in the United States. This initiative works to establish new sources of income for American farmers, Native Americans, and other rural landowners, and meet the growing demand for clean sources of electricity. Website offers a host of useful information on topics such as wind resource assessment, siting, transmission, economics, utility integration, project development, and policy issues. Wind Power in Montana Pages from a Wind Powering America publication that focus on Montana. Wind Workshop Presentations On Line Presentation from the Wind Powering Montana Workshop October 3, 2001, in Big Sky. Translated from PowerPoint into viewable web pages. Windustry Focuses on economic development from wind energy, valuation of environmental benefits, and distributed generation. Windustry promotes wind energy through outreach, educational materials, and technical assistance to rural landowners, local communities and utilities, and state, regional, and non-profit collaborations. Website features wind basics, wind opportunities, wind turbine sites, a wind calculator, curriculum, resource library, and news and events.

Homebuilt wind turbines Scoraig Wind Electric Hugh Piggott's homebuilt wind power homepage. Great information about small-scale wind power--one of the best websites out there. Lots of interesting pages and links. Blade design and construction techniques, Tip Speed Ratio explained in plain english, Rotor design info and other downloads, and pictures and information about Hugh's Brakedrum Windmill. The newest pages of his site describe in detail the axial flux designs that Hugh is building at his seminars now, both an 8-foot dia. and 4-foot dia. model. You can order the plans for these new machines from his site. WindStuffNow.com Ed Lenz's excellent homebuilt wind power site. Lots of projects! Alternators from scratch, converting induction motors to permanent-magnet alternators, useful formulas, blade building, 3-phase explained in plain English, inexpensive blade design software, and more. Really cool site, with lots of informative pictures too. Building a Wind Generator from Scratch Chuck Morrison's highly informative homebuilt windmill site. A 7ft. rotor with lots of pictures and templates of rotor construction. Powered by a fan motor re-wound into an alternator. Great project!

http://analysis.nrel.gov/windfinance/login.asp





http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/



http://www.deq.state.mt.us/energy/Renewable/presentations.asp

http://www.windustry.org/default.htm

http://www.scoraigwind.com/

http://www.windstuffnow.com/

http://www.greeleynet.com/~cmorrison/WindMachine.html

Andy Little's Homemade Wind Generator Uses a homebrew PM alternator based on Hugh Piggott's design. In use for pumping water electrically. Lots of photos and information about how it was built, very informative site if you want to build an axial-flux machine from scratch! Otherpower.com's Homebrew Wind Generators A collection of all of our experiments with wind power, including our Volvo brake disc wind generator designs. A great resource for the homebrew wind experimentor, with lots of informative photos. Mike Klemen's Wind Generator Page Lots of information, photos, maintenance logs, reliability reports, windmill sound clips and data acquisition plots from a variety of working wind installations. A really nice site! Detronics.net Wind turbine and wind data acquisition dealer, with a very informative website. He's flying a Bergey XL.1 and a SWWP Air X at his wind test site, and posts the collected monthly data to this site, along with solar data. The numbers show very dramatically how important swept area is! Paul Gipe's Website Lots of small- and large-scale wind power articles and information from an expert in the field. Paul Gipe is also an active participant in the AWEA wind Discussion Board, and has written excellent books on the subject. Airheads -- the GarboGen wind generator The GarboGen is a wind generator designed by Jerry and built by him and many others worldwide -- made from a surplus garbage disposal motor converted into a permanent magnet alternator, and plastic blades on a metal hub to drive it. Many detailed pictures on the site, and the blades and hubs are available for purchase inexpensively. Savonious Rotor Savonious Rotor windmill sketches and information from Australia. This windmill design is built from 55gallon oil drums. TopGreen.co.uk Homebuilt brake disc wind turbine information and pictures from the hamlet of Top Green, Sibthorpe, Nottinghamshire. An excellent array of pictures of every step of the construction process. Airheads -- the GarboGen wind generator The GarboGen is a wind generator designed by Jerry and built by him and many others worldwide -- made from a surplus garbage disposal motor converted into a permanent magnet alternator, and plastic blades on a metal hub to drive it. Many detailed pictures on the site, and the blades and hubs are available for purchase inexpensively. Steve's Tape Drive Motor Wind Turbine Lots of great photos and construction details about this working, flying wind turbine made with a tape drive motor as the generator. Picoturbine.com Includes a unique educational windmill kit, wind power books, and Savonius rotor simulator software, as well as many links. Dragonfly Power Home of the Dragonfly Wind Generator, a very interesting design that uses an automotive alternator and gearing. Neat furling and field control system. The Back Shed Homebuilt wind turbine site from an Australian friend from our discussion board. Lots of pictures and construction details, plus kits for sale based on Fisher-Paykel smartdrive motors converted to alternators. The kits take care of the complicated metalworking bits for you. This site is well worth checking out! http://www.energybook.co.ukA great website developed by the author of this guide it provides lots of information on renewable energy and sustainable living http://www.wxtrade.comThe energybook marketplace - buy and sell renewable energy and sustainable living products for free. Hundreds of great products. http://www.ometoremember.co.ukWeb based bookshop selling fiction and non-fiction books including renewable energy books.

http://www.servocomm.freeserve.co.uk/Windpower/uber_frame.htm

http://otherpower.com/otherpower_wind.html

http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndsu/klemen/Site_TOC.htm

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--

How To Construct A CHEAP WIND MACHINE

FOR PUM ING WATER instructions for building a Savonius Rotor

for Water Bumping

The Savonius Hotor is a vertical-shaft windmachine, develcrpetl by the Finish engineer. S. J. Savonius, during the years 1925-28.

A test program was carried out on this typr cf machine by the Bract &search Institute to find out its potentialities for low Cost water pumping.

From the tests the following conclusions can be drawn: The Savonius Rotor, although not as efficient as a windmill of comparabte size, lends itself to water pumping for irrigation in underdeveloped areas due to its low initial cost, simplicity of materials and construction. and low maintenance cost.

It will successfully operate in areas whert* the wind speeds are in the region of 8 to 12 mph. and above, and the water level is not more than 10 to 15 ft. below ground. The rotor, drive and yuml~ are eminently suitable for home construction by the handyman with but a few tools and access to a welding set. It can be made from a variety of materials at low cost since no critical machining is necessary.

The only important points to be observed in erecting such a machine is the proper choicr of the site and careful assessment of the average wind-speeds. From this information the tlrouer pump size and stroke can be Chosen from the graphs at the back of this pamphlet. It will also be necessary to provide some sort of water storage into which water can be pumped at good wind-speeds aud later used for irrigation when needed. The bigger tbe storage capacity the more flexible the system becomes.

The rotor described here is the one used for all the tests carried out at the Brace Research Institute and was built from locally (Barbados) available materials in a small workshop with unskilled labor at very low cost.

The whole pumping system comprises 3 units: The rotor, the drive and the pump.

Each unit will be dealt with separately. These instructions apply to the type built at Brace, but it is left to the builder’s ingenuity to sub- atitute other materials or processes of ronstruc- tion to suit local conditions. The only important measurements to be adhered to are the proportions of the rotor itself. as shown in Fig. 1.

1. The Rotor tt Consists of two 45 gallon uit drums, bisected

leugthwise and welded together to form two troughs. (Fig. 2). These two troughs arc mounted betwetn two end plates, made from ‘of ”

Fig. 2

plywood, 48” diameter. They can both be cut frbni one siuglc sheet of standard plywood. which measures 48 ins. by 9ti ins. The dimensions for mounting the drum halves are given in Fig. 1. The ends of the oil drums are simply bolted to the wooden disks with 3/8 in. stnve bolts, washers and nuts. The shaft through the renter of the rotor is l-1/4 in. It) water pipe, which should extend about (i ins. beyond either end of the rnd plates. To secure the shalt to the end plates two flanged collars arc used, as shown in Fig. 3. They should bc ;I snuct fit on the outside of the shaft. They :IW btrltc*tl to the plywood witlr 4 bolts, and after inserting the shaft, are drilled and secured to it with :I S/4 in. bolt. spring wnshcr and nut. To sutrtmrl

Fig. 3.

. .

METWOO !%R BALAYC’Y~ Romp.

Fijr. 5 .

Fig. 4,

Before nrounting this rutor in tlir franlv il mud be rarefully balanced to itvoid vibriilions at high speeds. This is easily rlun~ by pluciw the assembled rotor horixontallp on twit Irvel tirarght a%&% aad adding wei@& to the cir- comference in the center of the rotor, until prdect balance is achieved. (See Fig. 5).

THE FRAME The frame consisls of four pieces of 4 in, by

2 in. timber, as shown in Fig. 6. The joints should be securely bolted with gusset plates, to make it as stiff as possible. It must be steadied with wire guys, securely anchored to the ground and tensioned by turnbuckles. The lower cross member should be about 6 ft. above the ground, but can be Inore if practicable.

i

k--RAhE 4~ WtREs Fig. 6.

-__ -- Colwrcmc ROD

2. The Drive It consists of the krcentric. horizontal con-

neoting rod, brll rrank and vertical pun~p rod. See Fig. 7.

‘tilt* rc’cc~nlril~ 14 ;I t)irc*c* 4&f sl~c*l. Imrmt 141 fil flw c-utl of I!w 1owc.r ;ulal)tor aucl sccurc+d to it by II Illrough boll. ‘l’iu~ frlrc* is clriltrd and Iaptml 141 reccGvc* ii holl which must br a good fit in the bore* of lhc tmtt bearing, forming the big encl. Thr erceutricity is 7/32 ins. which gives H htrokc ~tf i/l(i in. ‘!-he blg ecr! of the connecting rod is ;I ball bearing, *h in. bore, which is held in a split fitting attached to the rod. The ronnecting rod of a motorcycle or small c:lr &gine \vill do nicely for this purpose. Cut the sbarrk off i~nrl weld a piecc Of 1 in. Ill tubihg lo it. about ti ins. long to receive the wooden ronnpc4iug rtr~l. (Fig. XC).

~XCCNI YB DPIVE Asscien

Fig. 7.

a. ADXJSTABLE PUMPS t?H?K~hlb

& CONNECTING ROD FOW lh.

h

c. CONNECTING Rob t% END

Fig. N

S~IICT 11~~ putnp is :I 5iuglr uVt1ug diaphragm pulll(~. the two actuating rods arr only in tcn- sirm, ;Incl :IW thrrmcfow n~nde of ~ootl. I in. S~lUi~lY. \Villi lhr SIIIU!~ c*crrutricit?; :rnd the fiesitrility td !h wocbli il is nut necessary to I~:IVV :I univc~rsal joint ilt the beI1 crank iWil. ‘:‘hi woollall counccting rod carries a fork on its wdl rntl. wifh :I good fitting pin of I& in. tli;l. through ;I hole in the upper arm of the bell crank. The pump rod is a similar oiecc of 1 is. square \voort with an adjustab!e fork zsd on top. Refer to Figs. 8A and 86, which are self-explanatory.

The bell crank is made from a piece of l/4 in. steel plate, cut as shown in Fig. 9. The holes are reinforced with welded bosses :IS shown and drilled after welding. If possible these bearing holes should be bushed with a bronze bush, this will increase the lit% of the pin ;rncl tirevent the system from developing

backlash. ‘l’hpre should also be an oil hose for lubrication. Thr overall width of the hushes must be a closr fit in thP fork to preevnt any side play.

3. The PlJrnD ‘II-it! pullIt) sheeted for this applicaliou is a

single acting diaphragm pump. This design has been chosen because it is simple to build, with Iriiniliiuiil tllil~‘llillilig rc:tuirrd. It is pmctical!v

nl:iilitenaiirc II-CT :IIICI it is cehrap. All pipe eon- iic~clicms ilW stantl;irci 1 inch watrr-pipe uipples :llltl kklbnws. Th? valves can be any com- nlerci;lllu ;Ivailable type of non-return valve.

The pump itself is mounted just below wutrl level I fully subrurrgetl) so that there is no

cwlllprcssitrn in the rod on the suction stroke. .\ srrwn slmr~l~l bc* fitted ‘on the intake valve to prt~verlt foreign malt~~r entering the pump. The cliafihragui is ~.~acte fruur a piece of inner trite,

‘t/32 to l/U in. thick. ‘I’hc flange should bv at

Fig 9.

._._-_- PUMP ROD

Fig . Iti

ltwsl l-l/4 in. witlc :mcl lakri: # bolts around c~ll;lllllIw. ‘fhc tliwrnhions of thr lmmp arc not the circunlfwrnw, to enswe n good senl. tuo witic3l cmcc* the ttianwtcr and strtrkrn havr

As cm be .see11 in Figs. 10 unrl 11. the PUIIIP been detcrtninecl. The stirrut) must he itimen is inverted, the diaphragm being operated ~ionc~l SO that it provides H definite stop cm the throutfh a stirrup attached to the pump rod. up ;Intl cl6bwn strakr. This will prevent damage

This gives the tnuutr greater flexibility and is 10 the cli:lptrrtigm during hnnclling and instab siiuplcr than Icarlinrc the rod through the puurt~ laticrn.

---- SHEET HET~C BRAC.KET,

WEIDEDT~ STIRQUP.

A.055 D &MN.

FiH. II.

The main body of the pump consists of u piece of pipe or welded ring, closed at one end and having :I welded flange on the other. A flange ring povides the clamping of the rubber diaphragm. See Fig. 11. Two 1 inch water-pipr nipples arc welded on each side for thr inlet and outlet valv(*s. The two discs supportiug the rubber diaphragm -were made from “Tufnol”. :I hard, resin impregnated fnbrir, hul any similar hard r~ialcrial can be used, f*ven I~arfl-

wood will do. if nothing else ran hr- lwwurett. Thr cleamncr between discs and putnl~-body is 0.055D and thr inside corners of tbc discs must be well rounded to prevent cutiixg tlrt* rubber on thr up and down sir&e. This is very inl- portant. When nsscmbling the pump, sealing- compound is applied to the rubber between the discs and the flanges to assure a good seal. The mounting bar on top of the housing must be very stiff and can be (tither welded or bolted to the top platr. If bolts are used they must he a good fit and should have copper washers to insure against leaks. it is most important when mounting the pump in the well, to secure the mounting bar vtary firmly either by concreting, or bolting to :t couple of cross-timbers in lhc well. ‘lhe tension forces in the pump-rod are in the rcginn of 21Ml Ihs. and at high revolutions this hanlnlrring will SOOII shake loose a weak mounting. The pump-rod should be left longer than Ihr required lrngth h-fort- mounting thr pump in tlie well. After the lmn11, h:is been installctl am: the bell crank is nlountrtl on thr frame, lhe i*rll crank is brought to its neutr;lI position awl the adjustable fork end of the pump-rod to hallway on the thread. The rod is now cut so that it will fit fully into the tube of the fork, drilled’aud secured with 4 holts, ah

shown in Fig. 8A. Now the pun~p-rod is pulled up against the stop, the eccentric tnrnrcl to full stroke and the fork adjusted so thal the pin goes freely lhrough the hole in 111~ Iwll Crth.

Now turn the fork nnnthrr one and a half turns

OH gr:Iph So. 1. sch.1 the head of wzitcr to be pumped. This i:; 11~~ vcrtirnl tlist:l:i~*c~ IJC- t\wt*ll the water Iwc4 ili the Wdl. ;rnd the oiillct in the rcscrvo,ir. ‘l’hc grilpll is alrcacly c*cbrrected for the dynamic head. which inc!uf!rs the fric-

lion in thr pipe ibnd thtb va1~cx From t!lr head of wuter on the left scale drtiv: a horizontal linr until it intersects, the apl>ropri;ltr wind speett corye and draw :I sertirnl line through lhis point. This will intersect eve of the fmw straight lines marked: Pump 1. 2, 3. and 4. Each is !;or one IJUIIII, of a given tiiametm and gives on the right hand scalr the proper stroke for this particular I~III~~J and I:PYI combination.

Eruniple: (Follow dotted iinr 011 graph) He:id 15 ft. windspeed 10 III~*‘I. Draw liorizontal line at 15 ft. head. At intrsection with 10 Illlrh. rnrve draw

VcrtiCill line.

It intersects str;iight liiw of pump 2 l+orn this poinl llril\V horizont;ll line to the

right hand. stroke-?.ciilc. This gives 4 stroke of 0.M in. The pump has to operate at thi:: stroke bw

give the best clffirienry of the rotor. To obtain this stroke from the bell crank, pmcced as follows: l’hc ratios of strnkc ?nrl distancr from pivot are rqii:il.

‘I?creforf* : I).J.?75:~I-=O.M:x (ixll..Xi ; 7 7

s--- . (L.4375

‘rhe horizontal :\rnI of the! hell crank will have to be 7.7 ins long to give :I pump stroke nf 0.56 in. Fig 9.

The bntlom scale of Graph Ne!. 1 gives the xtuai volume in cubic* ins. per stroke pumped at various wind spcctls.

This inakrs il pf~ssihlc tn tlcterminr the size iIII(I stroke of any other :lVilihbk Imlnp, such ns ;I piston pump.

Find the* hcatl to 1)~ l~u~nprrl and Ihe wind speefl as hcfore, draw :I vertical line from this point tu the bottom w11e and read the volume per stroke. Divide Illis volume hy Ihe piston area and this will hr the stroke required.

lf. fnr t~Xillllpl~. a piston ~JUIII~ of 2 in. dia- incter 1~ cix’ a~nilat~lc thr hc;ld is again I.i ft. r:>d the \vinrl SIYCCC~ IO lrlph.. cnntir?rrt: the

vertical dotted lint tcl fhe base scalr and read off 13.3 Cu. ins./strokc. 13.3 divided by 3.14 (artla of piston) gives a sforke of 4.23 ins.

1’1) obtain this slrokc III 1.23 ins. from Ihe hrll rrank. il ~trultl IW ;ItlVisablr‘ to alter the er:.clnlricily 10 NISI 11 IIIWC suitnblr radio :\I fho Itc41 (*rank. If 1h(* carrrntr’icity is marIt* Si in.. Ihen the stroke of the ccmnccting rod bcromrs I in. This leavrs A ratio of 1 4.23 at the bell crank, which could br divided intct in vertical leg of, say, 2?4 ins., and a Iiorizontal leg of IO.58 ins. long. The hell crank would have to be shaped to conform to these measurements.

If a piston, pump is used for this purpose. it must be a single arting pump, mounted below water level and operated so that the pump rod is only in tension. This will assure that there are no problems either due to buckling of the pump rod and connecting rod, or trouble with prim- ing of the pump.

Estimating the Output of the Pump (iraph No. 2, Curve A. gives the output of thr

pu111p at the srlcctrtl (rated) windspcrtl for the sitr in clueslion, when pumping against H head of 111 feet. Tlic output ;8t the rat14 wintlspee(l when pumrtina ilpainsl a hcatl dthrr than II! feet may bk calrUliltt*tl from (:urvc X by simlllr proportion. For rxaniplc, the piiml~ which has already heen selected from (iraph No. 1, to pump against a bead of 15 fee1 most efficiently in a windspeed of 10 mph.. will have an output at 10 mph. of

10 \V := 272 X. - = 181 Inlprrial ~:;lll~Jns l,l’r

15 hour.

Note that. at windspeeds other than the rated windspeed, the pump will give,=an output SOIIW- what lower than the figure read froul Curve A of Graph No. 2. :IS it will no longrr be operating at its best efficiency. For rxample. the per’formance of a particular pump is indicated hy Curve B on Graph No. 2, which refers to a putnl, with a bore of 7-l/4 in. and :I stroke of 7/1fi in. The stroke has bern selcrtrd to give - optimum performance at -a windspeed of 9.2 wh., and Cnrve B coincides with Curve A pt this windspeed. However. as thv wintlspced increases (or decreasrs) progressively beyond the rated windspeed of Q.2 mph.. the rclativc performance of ?hr pump drops off and the actual output, read from Curve 8, becomes $1 progressively smaller fraction of lhe optimum output. read from Curve A.

Pumping at Heads of More Than 30 Feet In this :eaflct consideration has brrn t-c-

strirted to a very low cost pump) :~ntl thr simplest farm of power transmission system. The equipment described ubovc has been tested when pumping against hinds of up to 30 feet.

It is rxtrctnrly tliflirul1 18, tlrfinc the ;ic2ual rest of ;I prcljccnl II~V this in tlclll;irs ;1nd c-ruts. As in an> “l)o.lt-\‘l,rll.srlf” llrnj,~rl, the biqcrsl part nf the job is the labour. which is assu~rd lo bc frw. Drlwl~tlirlg OII tllc skill, I)atirrCc and resources 4 the home-l:uild~~r. even the Cost of tllr Inatc*rials can v:lrv ronGdrmbly.

In thr prolotypr clc~srribrd hcrr. only the ball bearings, WKMI Ior thr l’ramr, and plywond for the rotor WPW purchased nrw. All nthrr matrrial was fwntl :lrnund the p!nrr. The bark of a garage or sm:~ll machinp shop is usually :I good place to look for things like pircrs of pipe. angles, bolls, etr. If rrn wrlding equipment is at hand, all the pirres to hr welded should be carrfully prcpnred. wired or clamped togetlirr and taken tn thr nearest welding ~1101’. If cvcrything is properly prepared, the actual welding for thr whole iob will nc,t take longer than I hour. ‘r’hc only parts rrcluirinil machining :I.(* thr Shilft ad:il)tors, the etrentric for the* rotor, thr flanges and tlisrs for thr diaphia~m ~111111~I. Ail rbthrr work requirrn a drill only.

Finally, fit give :I rougl~ idpa of the r:nst. the main ih~ms ;Irc listecl hrrt* as purchased in U;irbadoh, in thr cquivalcnt of I!.!? TIoll:irs:- 2 Oil tlrums (gnod condition) . $4 2.m 2 Self-alignin;! Hall Wirings. flange

type . . . . 14.m Mi ft. 2 s 4 Timber . . . . 7.50 1 ~lwc*l s in. Plywvcwrl (4 ft. R 8 ft.) 12.50 30 ft. l/R tliilmetcnr (;:ilvanizrd Stcrl

Wire . . . . . . . . .30 6 l/J s 4 ius. ‘I‘~II.II I+uckles . . 3.30 7 ft. l-I/J 1.1). \V;itrr I’ipc (Elotrrr

shaft) . . . . . . . . 2.70 1 $4 in. I~(IIY 11itll ILring (big-‘*ml I 1.60 1:) ft. I’l;lS:iC’ I’ipc~ (rl?*livcry~ . 4.1Q Rolts. Nuts. \~;~sll~l~s. c4r. . . . . 2.00

Tot,11 : U.S. 9 51.00

TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE DIAPHRAGM PUMP

1. The diaphragm should be of fairly thick rubber - rubber from heavy truck or tractor inner tube is good - rubber that is too thin or too flexible is not satisfactory

since under a large head the deformation of the diaphragm tends to negate the full diaphragm displacement,

2. The stroke may well have to be increased to one or tw> inches, depending on the rubber flexibility, In order to effect this, it may be necessary to increase the clearance between the discs and the pumpbody.

3. It was found, in practice in very remote conditions, that a fair bit of experimentation was needed in order to determine the best location of the pump relative to both the source and the discharge. This pump is most efficient when immersed, however the pressure head then becomes too great and diaphragm deformation becomes very significant, For our 4+" pump, a suction head of about 6 to 8 feet with a pressure head of some 8 to 10 feet was felt to be about thelimiting conditions,

4. The pump rod and connecting rod end connections should be firm. Any play in these takes away from the length of stroke,

_R. CLADE. WINDMILL.

' APPLlCATlON FILED MAR. 17. 1914.

1,139,108. Patented May11,1915. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

16; Inventor 3

Witnesses .

THE‘ NORRIS PETERS CO‘, FHOTO-LITHCL, WASHING TON, D‘ C‘

R. CLADE. WINDMILL.

APPLlCATlON FILED MAR. 17, 1914.

Patent-ed May 11, 1915. 1 9 9 3 1. 9 1i 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A ttorneys.

THE NORRIS PETERS 60., PHOTO~LITHO., WA>r1i|\lGT‘ON. D. C,

R. GLADE. WINDMILL.

APPLICATION FlLED MAR. 17

Patented May 11, 191’. 1,139,103. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Inventor

Attorneys.

Witnesses

THE NORRIS PETERS C0,, PHOTOJJTHQ. WASHING mN, D. C

E. J. GALLAGHER. .

_ wmn MOTOR,

‘APPLICATION FILED APR. 5, I916.

Patented Nov. 2?, 1917, 4 snaps-sneer 1.

E. J. GALLAGHER WIND MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR.5, 191s. -

Patented Nov, 27, 1917.

I30 133

E. J. GALLAGHER. WIND MOTOR.

‘APPLICATION FILED APR. 5, I916.

Pmentml Nov. 2?, 191?’. 4 SHEEIS——SHEET 3.

9/

15%

1 =1: Y

gmuwhw

Edward M: Haggai/150M???»

J. M. CLARK. 1:5 ‘GENERATING PLANT.

AF'PLiCAI‘lUN man MAR. 19. 19M.

1931595“

Z]

J ____Z

>5 772 19

$1 / F019

E. C. BOZIED. WINDMILL WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED Aumvo. I920.

11,367,766. ' Patented Feb. 8, 1921. 2 SHEETS~SHEET l

/

E. C. BOZI'ED. WINDMILL WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-30; .1920.

1,3673766. . Patented Feb. 8, 1921. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H. G. LLOYD AND 0. A. SPON. FLUID CURRENT MOTOR. ‘

APPLICATION EILED OCT. 26I I920.

Patented Apr. 18, 1,922. 1,413,411. ’ '2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Jim/671160775

. 3:5’. 2543556 hill". 11

I” M m | ‘whuu

Illll? __ . |

z w. - I!!! "

F491.

H.'G.'LLOYD AND C..A. SPON. FLUID CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED bcf. 26, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 1,413,411.

w _ 188 ” I

I

l llluml 1 1 ‘ll \\ 2% 32 was’

,mmi' g I Inn/63150715

PatentedlApr. 18, 1922.

1,441,774. 0. T. ADAMS. WIND MOTOR.

FILED DEC. 15. 1920.

‘ Jan» 9, 1923.

4. SHEETS-SHEET 1. 18

7 1,441,774. 0. T. ADAMS. Jan. 9, 1928,

WIND MOTOR. FILED DEC. 15. 1920. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

o I o o

k

O

52

Jan. 9, 1923., ' ' 11.,Mwm. 0- T. ADAMS, WVIND MOTOR.

FILED 050.15; 1920- ‘ ‘ 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

~ Wm, MI.» W K2571 @1101‘

'Jan. 5 ,1926. A. GENERICH

51.301316 FAN BLADE.

156mm I

‘Filed Jan. 7, 1925

9 861.9%- -

anomlioz Generic-h,

1,571,303 Feb. 2 , 1926. El. SCHAFRAN

DUPLEX AIR ROTOH

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed May l5, 1922

Feb’ , ' ' ‘ ; i. SCHAF‘RAN

DUPLEX AIR RoToR

original Filed .may 15, 1922 5 Sheets-shed 2

¿if 5 3

25

#gÃ/9. a”

@5% @Hernani

Feb. 2, 192e. 1,571,303' ' l. SCHAFRAN

DUPLEX AIR ROTOR

Original Filed May l5, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 3

Dec. 27, 19270 ' 1,654,165 D. E. FELT

WINDMILL -

Filed June 18, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet l

‘ /6 ("f2 PM >1 19 2a

5/ 5/ ' #9

~ 22

M +2

i____________,

, ?zz/1E r€ZT7i~~

1955491, 65 D. E. FELT

WINDMILL

4 Sheets~$heet 2 Filed June 18, 1924

1,654,165 Dec. 27, 1927. D. E. FELT

WINDMILL

Filed June 18,’ 1924 Sheets-Sheet s 4

442

Dec; 27, 1927. , 1,654,165 ‘ D. E. FELT ’

W INDMILL

Filed June 18, 19.24 4 Sheets-Sheei 4

#7

VA”

HT

1,766,765~ June 24, 1930. s. J. sAvoNlUs

WIND ROTOR

Filed OCT.. ll, 1928

v July 8, 1930. > M. M. TITTERINGTON' . 1,770,328

WINDMILL

Filed Dec. 24, 1926~ ‘ 2 Sheets-Sheet l

INVENTOR . MORRIS M. TITTERINGTDN

1,770,328 July' 8, '1930. M. M. TETTERINGTON

' WINDMILL ' v

. > 2 Sheets—Sh'eet 2 Filed Dec. 24, 1926

' I . r N I . . , ' 1 , 4

INVENTO_R MORRIS m rmsamerou

m. m7 n .,

r

BY

1 f’ ' '

TORNEY§ _

l|||||||||||||ll||l||||||||l|||||||||||||||||||||l|l|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| US 20030133782A1

(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0133782 A1

Holter et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 17, 2003

(54) COAXIAL WIND TURBINE APPARATUS Publication Classi?cation HAVING A CLOSEABLE AIR INLET OPENING (51) Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 3/04

(52) US. Cl. ........................... .. 415/4.2; 415/41; 415/200 (76) Inventors: John W. Holter, Lakeland, FL (US);

Eric G. Holter, Lakeland, FL (US) (57) ABSTRACT

Correspondence Address: A coaxial Wind turbine apparatus Which includes a pair of George A_ BODE rearward-mounted, spring-loaded ?ns to orient the air inlet BODE & ASSOCIATES, P_C_ opening to face the direction of the oncoming Wind and close 2314 Broadway a damper panel or shutter array at the air inlet opening New Orleans, LA70125_4128 (Us) during very high Wind conditions. Thereby, the pair of

rearward-mounted, spring-loaded ?ns stabilizes the appara (21) App1_ No; 10/053,745 tus during strong ambient Wind conditions and minimizes

damage to the rotating turbine Wheel in the presence of a (22) Filed: Jan. 17, 2002 strong Wind.

Patent Application Publication Jul. 17, 2003 Sheet 1 0f 5 US 2003/0133782 A1

US 20030235498A1

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0235498 A1 (19) United States

Boatner (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 25, 2003

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND ENGINE

(76) Inventor: Bruce E. Boatner, Murrieta, CA (US)

Correspondence Address: Mr. Loyal M. Hanson Hanson Law Corporation PO. Box 430 Fallbrook, CA 92088-0430 (US)

(21) Appl. No.: 10/178,209

(22) Filed: Jun. 24, 2002

Publication Classi?cation

(51) Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 1/00 (52) US. Cl. ............................................................ .. 416/119

(57) ABSTRACT

Avertical axis Wind engine, also referred to as a vertical axis Wind turbine (VAWT) includes a support structure, a rotor mounted rotatably on the support structure for rotation about a vertical axis, and at least one airfoil for causing the rotor

to rotate about the vertical axis in response to Wind passing the Wind engine. The airfoil has vertically extending leading and trailing edges, an angle-of-attack axis extending hori Zontally through the leading and trailing edges, and a pivotal axis extending vertically intermediate the leading and trail ing edges. The airfoil is mounted on the rotor for pivotal movement about the pivotal axis and the rotor includes components for limiting pivotal movement of the airfoil to ?rst and second limits of pivotal movement. The airfoil is free to pivot about the pivotal axis intermediate the ?rst and second limits of pivotal movement as the rotor rotates about the vertical axis in order to thereby enable the airfoil to align the angle-of-attack axis according to the Wind. Preferably, the Wind engine has more than one free-?ying, self-posi tioning airfoil, and the rotor includes ?rst and second stops for each airfoil that augment virtual stop effects to limit pivotal movement to a radially aligned ?rst limit and a tangentially aligned second limit. According to another aspect of the invention, multiple Wind engines are stacked. Yet another aspect provides an exponentially shaped struc ture surrounding the vertical axis that funnels Wind toWard the rotor.

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Noble (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 1, 2004

(54) TURBINE APPARATUS AND METHOD (52) US. Cl. ................................................................ .. 416/1

(76) Inventor: James D. Noble, Pearland, TX (US) (57) ABSTRACT

Correspondence Address: SHAFFER & CULLBERTSON 913 Gulf Breeze Parkway A turbine system (10) for capturing energy from a ?uid Sulte 43 stream includes a torque arm (12). At least a pair of, Gulf Breeze’ FL 32561 (Us) preferably symmetrical clam shell, turbine blades (14) With

the upper (16) and loWer (18) halves are oppositely con 21 A l. N .: 10 217 722

( ) pp 0 / ’ nected to the torque arm (12). A coordinating system (46) is (22) Filed; Aug 13, 2002 connected to the symmetrical clam shell turbine blades (14).

The coordinating system (46) further comprises a ?rst Related US Application Data system (48) and second system (52). The ?rst system (48) is

63 C t_ t, _ t f 1_ f N 09/813 423 connected to control and regulate opening and closing of the ( ) on mua Ion-m1)“ O app lea Ion 0' ’ ’ upper(16) and loWer (18) halves of each individual clam

?led on Mar' 20’ 2001’ HOW abandoned shell turbine blade(14). The second system (52) is connected

Publication Classi?cation betWeen each pair of the symmetrical clam shell turbine blades (14) so that as one clam shell turbine blade(14) closes

(51) Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 1/00 the opposite clam shell turbine blade (14) is forced open.

54

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Patent Application Publication Jan. 1, 2004 Sheet 1 0f 8 US 2004/0001752 A1

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US 20040057830A1


Boatner (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 25, 2004

(54) ROTATING DISPLAY APPARATUS

(76) Inventor: Bruce E. Boatner, Murrieta, CA (US)

Correspondence Address: Mr. Loyal M. Hanson Hanson Law Corporation P.O. Box 430 Fallbrook, CA 92088-0430 (US)

(21) Appl. No.: 10/254,204

(22) Filed: Sep. 25, 2002


(51) Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 3/06 (52) US. Cl. ............................................ .. 416/61; 416/119

(57) ABSTRACT

A rotating display apparatus includes a support structure, a rotor mounted rotatably on the support structure for rotation about a vertically disposed rotational axis, and at least tWo (preferably more) Wind-reactive elements on the rotor on

SUPPORT

Which a user may display promotional, political, or other information, including using the shape of the Wind-reactive elements as the displayed information. The Wind-reactive

elements (airfoil or non-airfoil) cause the rotor to rotate about the rotational axis in response to Wind passing the rotating display apparatus. Each is free to pivot betWeen a respective one of ?rst and second pairs of stop positions as the rotor rotates a bout the rotational axis in order to

self-align according to Wind direction and impart rotational movement to the rotor, moving through ?ve phases per revolution as they orbit the rotational axis. One embodiment includes a constricting dampener mechanism that includes a spring arranged to constrict radially against a cylindrical portion of a pivot tube in order to inhibit pivotal movement of the tube (and thereby the associated Wind-reactive ele ment of Which the tube is a part) When the Wind-reactive element reaches a predetermined stop position. Another embodiment includes a moveable stop that restricts the free movement of the Wind-reactive element in relation to the rotational speed of the rotor by means of centrifugal force. Yet another embodiment includes a dampener mechanism that disengages in heavy Wind conditions.

Patent Application Publication Mar. 25, 2004 Sheet 1 0f 13 US 2004/0057830 A1

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(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2004/0183310 A1

M0wll (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 23, 2004

(54) MOWLL-BERNOULLI WIND POWER (52) US. Cl. ............................................ .. 290/55; 290/1 R GENERATOR

(76) Inventor: Jack MOWll, Baltimore, MD (US) (57) ABSTRACT

Correspondence Address: Royal W- Craig _ AWind power generator. The apparatus comprises a vortex La_W O?ices of Royal W‘ Cralg housing With a large frontal opening at one end and a smaller

$311? 153] t St t exhaust opening at another end. The housing further has a Baltiinoievia?) 2113502 (Us) concave internal surface leading rearWard to the exhaust

’ opening and an exhaust channel. A propeller-driven electri

(21) App1_ No; 10/805,098 cal generator is mounted inside the exhaust channel for generating electrical poWer from the Wind. The apparatus is

(22) Filed: Mall 19, 2004 mounted atop a vertical-axis base for free pivotal movement, _ _ and a plurality of air-foil ?ns are mounted toWard the rear of

Related U‘S‘ Apphcatlon Data the housing to continuously maintain the frontal opening of

(60) Provisional application No. 60/456,109, ?led on Mar. th? a.pparam.S facmg. the Wmd' Based uPOn.BernOu1h.S 19 2003' principle, Wind entermg the frontal opemng increases in

’ velocity as it is constricted toWards the exhaust opening and - - - - c anne . us, a 1 ve oc1t Wm is create or assm Publication Classi?cation h 1 Th h'gh 1 ' y ' d ' d f P ' g

over and turning the generator’s propellers and thereby (51) Int. Cl.7 ..................................................... .. H02P 9/04 increasing the rotation speed of the propellers.

4> {.

l0 _,.. ’\ l2

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US 20050263057A1


Green (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 1, 2005

(54) CYCLOSAIL WIND TURBINE

(76) Inventor: Douglas Lynde Green, Denver, CO (Us)

Correspondence Address: Douglas L. Green 1680 Pecos Way Denver, CO 80221 (US)

(21) Appl. No.: 11/139,838

(22) Filed: May 27, 2005

Related US. Application Data

(60) Provisional application No. 60/576,066, ?led on Jun. 1, 2004.


(51) Int. Cl? ................................................... .. B63B 35/00

(52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 114/1021

(57) ABSTRACT

AVertical Axis Wind Turbine comprising: Ahub housing an alternator or generator, gearbox, arbor, tachometer and pro grammable logic controller. At the upper outer radius of the hub is a track supporting the landing gear for the Wind rotor. Above the hub a large elongated Wind rotor is attached to the arbor With landing gear that ride on the track. The rotor is the support structure providing anchoring for masts, sails and boom control systems. Attached to the top/center of the rotor is a toWer With cables supporting the outer perimeter por tions of the rotor arms. At the top of the toWer is a Weathervane and position controller. Fabric sails are attached to the mast assemblies and controlled by resolvers. When the Wind causes rotation the programmable logic controller adjusts the sails to best catch the Wind regardless of Wind direction or their position While the rotor is rotating.


n33

US 20050263057A1


Green (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 1, 2005

(54) CYCLOSAIL WIND TURBINE

(76) Inventor: Douglas Lynde Green, Denver, CO (Us)

Correspondence Address: Douglas L. Green 1680 Pecos Way Denver, CO 80221 (US)

(21) Appl. No.: 11/139,838

(22) Filed: May 27, 2005




(51) Int. Cl? ................................................... .. B63B 35/00

(52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 114/1021

(57) ABSTRACT

AVertical Axis Wind Turbine comprising: Ahub housing an alternator or generator, gearbox, arbor, tachometer and pro grammable logic controller. At the upper outer radius of the hub is a track supporting the landing gear for the Wind rotor. Above the hub a large elongated Wind rotor is attached to the arbor With landing gear that ride on the track. The rotor is the support structure providing anchoring for masts, sails and boom control systems. Attached to the top/center of the rotor is a toWer With cables supporting the outer perimeter por tions of the rotor arms. At the top of the toWer is a Weathervane and position controller. Fabric sails are attached to the mast assemblies and controlled by resolvers. When the Wind causes rotation the programmable logic controller adjusts the sails to best catch the Wind regardless of Wind direction or their position While the rotor is rotating.


n33

US 20070018462A1


Richards et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 25, 2007

(54) GENERATOR (30) Foreign Application Priority Data

(75) Inventors: Malcolm Colin Richards, Hucknall Jun. 5, 2003 (GB) ....................................... .. 03129038 Nottingham (GB); Bernard John Sheridan, South Clifton Newark (GB); Margaret Sheridan, legal representative, South Clifton Newark (GB); Anthony Whitham, Burton Joyce Nottingham (GB)

Correspondence Address: HARNESS, DICKEY, & PIERCE, P.L.C 7700 BONHOMME, STE 400 ST. LOUIS, MO 63105 (US)

(73) Assignee: INTEC POWER HOLDINGS LIM ITED, Old Basford, Nottingham (GB)

(21) Appl. No.: 10/559,591

(22) PCT Filed: Jun. 1, 2004

(86) PCT No.: PCT/GB04/02353

§ 371(c)(1), (2), (4) Date: May 9, 2006

‘109

103%


(51) Int. Cl. F03D 9/00 (2006.01) H02P 9/04 (2006.01)

(52) US. Cl. .............................................................. .. 290/55

(57) ABSTRACT

A wind powered generator comprising ?rst and second current generator means arranged to generate electric current in response to relative rotation between the two generator means; at least one rotary part having vanes, the rotary part being operatively connected to one of the generator means and arranged to rotate in a ?rst direction around an axial shaft when exposed to a ?ow of air perpendicular to the shaft; and said axial shaft is con?gured to receive electrical connection means therethrough, said electrical connection means con?gured to provide an electrical connection between said current generating means and generator elec trical means.

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Kass (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 8, 2007

(54) METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING WIND ENERGY

(76) Inventor: Clayton Kass, Newport Beach, CA (Us)

Correspondence Address: KNOBBE MARTENS OLSON & BEAR LLP 2040 MAIN STREET FOURTEENTH FLOOR IRVINE, CA 92614 (US)

(21) Appl. No.: 11/404,229

(22) Filed: Apr. 14, 2006


(60) Provisional application No. 60/706,256, ?led on Aug. 8, 2005.


(51) Int. Cl. F 03D 9/00 (2006.01)

(52) US. Cl. .............................................................. .. 290/55

(57) ABSTRACT

The present disclosure disclosures methods and systems for harnessing Wind to create electricity. The present disclosure discloses a helical blade Vertical axis Wind generator. One or more blades are spun by the force of Wind Which in turn spins a generator and produces electricity.

Patent Application Publication Feb. 8, 2007 Sheet 1 0f 27 US 2007/0029807 A1

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Sureshan (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 31, 2008

(54) OMNI-DIRECTIONAL WIND TURBINE (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................. .. 290/55; 415/2.1

(75) Inventor: Vaheisvaran Sureshan, Sydney (AU) (57) ABSTRACT

Correspondence Address: STETINA BRUNDA GARRED & BRUCKER

75 ENTERPRISE, SUITE 250 An omni directional, vertical discharge Wind turbine, con ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 (Us) sisting of a shroud that captures Wind from any direction and

directs it to How vertically through a throat section Where an (73) Assignee? Katru Eco-Inventions Pty Ltd- aerofoil multi-bladed rotor is mounted. The rotor shaft is

connected to an electrical poWer generator. The intake of the (21) Appl' NO‘: 11/820’123 shroud incorporates multiple horizontally curved blades of

_ toroidal form va in u to nearl tWice the siZe of the rotor (22) Flled: Jun‘ 18’ 2007 diameter, stackeld: stgaggered andy secured in place by mul

. . ti le aerod namic vertical Walls in the radial direction, to Related U's' Apphcatlon Data fciim a cehtral collection chamber for Wind. The blade

(63) Continuation of application No. PCT/AU05/ 11882, “living angles ,and the Stacking arrangémem are Such that ?led on D e0 23 2004' While acceleratmg and focusing the Wind, across the full

’ sWept area of the rotor blades, the loss of air from the central

(30) Foreign Application Priority Data collection chamber is signi?cantly reduced by air ?oW forming a ?uid dynamic gate across inactive faces. Utilizing

Dec. 23, 2004 (AU) .................................... .. 2004907279 21 Wedge and Collar near the Open t01D discharge the free Wind stream ?owing across the open top assists in increasing the

Publication Classi?cation How of air through the rotor. With the increased extraction and Wider operational envelop, the energy produced per

(51) Int. Cl. annum of this omni-directional shrouded vertical Wind tur F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) bine is anticipated to be much higher than that of a standard F 03D 1/04 (2006.01) free Wind turbine of same rotor diameter.

VERTICAL SECTION THROUGH CEIMPLETE SHRDUD ASSEMBLY. AA

F REE WIND

11.


FIG 1= VERTICAL SECTION THROUGH COMPLETE SHR'DUD ASSEMBLY. AA

FREE WIND


48

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\ TDRUID BLADE SHAPE a smcxms ARRANGEMENT

i l ! ‘I. i I I. |

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FIG 4: . ‘

AERBFUIL VERTICAL SUPPURT WALL ‘WITH AIR BLEED CHANNELS

TDRUID BLADE WITH AIR BLEED CHANNELS


vF'IES 6= UMNI DIRECTIONAL WIND TURBINE

US 20080131281A1


Kariya (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 5, 2008

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WINDMILL WITH Publication Classi?cation GUIDING DEVICES (51) Int- Cl

(76) Inventor: Vinod Kumar Chamanlal Kariya, F 03D 3/04 (200601)

Gularat (IN) (52) us. Cl. ...................................................... .. 416/183

Correspondence Address: CAESAR, RIVISE, BERNSTEIN, (57) ABSTRACT COHEN & POKOTILOW, LTD. 11TH FLOOR, SEVEN PENN CENTER, 1635 MARKET STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2212

(21) Appl. No.: 11/813,966

(22) PCT Filed: Feb. 27, 2006

(86) PCT No.: PCT/IN06/00064

§ 371 (0X1)’ (2), (4) Date: Jul. 13, 2007

(30) Foreign Application Priority Data

Mar. 22, 2005 (IN) ......................... .. 326/MUM/2005

The instant invention deals With the solution to technical ?aWs of existing vertical axis Windmills in Which the Wind strikes simultaneously on inWard and outWard facing sides of rotor blades Which reduce e?iciency. Hence, this invention, i.e., the vertical axis Windmill With Wind guiding device, includes vertical plates Which are ?xed from the bottom of a base structure to the top of a rotor in an annular array. In between any tWo vertical plates, inclined plates are ?xed from the bottom of the base structure to the top of the base struc ture. These plates are tilted toWards the concave side of the rotor blades. The vertical and inclined plates are ?xed in angular and radial directions so that Whenever the Wind bloWs from any direction, it gets compressed and then is diverted toWards the Wind receiving blades. Also the vertical plates protect the convex side of the rotor blades from Wind While diverting the Wind toWards the Wind receiving blades.

Bird's Eye View of windmill with Wind Guiding Device

Patent Application Publication Jun. 5, 2008 Sheet 1 0f 10 US 2008/0131281 A1

igw of Windmill Figure 1 Bird's Eye V with Wind Guidin Device


Figure - 2 Persgective View of Windmill with Wind Guidinq Device


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(19) United States

Flte

US 20080304968A1

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0304968 A1 (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 11, 2008

(54) VERTICAL-AXIS TURBINE FOR CAPTURING THE FORCE OF MOVING

(76)

(21)

(22)

GASES OR LIQUIDS AND A METHOD FOR ITS USE

Inventor:

(Us)

Correspondence Address: MUSKIN & CUSICK LLC 30 Vine Street, SUITE 6 Lansdale, PA 19446 (US)

Appl. No.: 12/135,885

Filed: Jun. 9, 2008

530

533

503

David L. Fite, Mount Orab, OH




(51) Int. Cl. F 03D 3/06 (2006.01) F033 3/12 (2006.01)

(52) US. Cl. ........................................... .. 416/140; 416/1

(57) ABSTRACT

A vertical-axis turbine is provided, Which comprises tWo or more arc-shapedblades Which canpivot so as to decrease drag and maximize the force collected by each blade from moving gas or liquid. These arc-shaped blades can also be capable of directing moving gas or liquid from one blade to another. Additionally, these blades can comprise thin strips along their outer edge, Which can increase their strength and rigidity as Well as increase the amount of force captured by each blade from the moving gas or liquid.

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US 20090066088A1


Liang (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 12, 2009

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

(76) Inventor: NJ (US)

Correspondence Address: Ray-Hung Liang 48 Battle Ridge Road Morris Plains, NJ 07950 (US)

(21) Appl. No.: 11/900,270

(22) Filed: Sep. 10, 2007


(51) Int. Cl. F 03D 1/00 (2006.01) F 03D 9/00 (2006.01)

295

226

Ray-Hung Liang, Morris Plains,

2

(52) US. Cl. .......... .. 290/55; 415/42; 416/11; 416/132 B

(57) ABSTRACT

One aspect of the present invention relates to a vertical axis Wind turbine. In one embodiment, the vertical axis Wind turbine comprises a rotor comprising a vertical oriented shaft, and a plurality of vertical oriented blades angle-equally and radially secured to the vertical aligned shaft. Each of the plurality of vertical oriented blades has a face side, a back side, at least one WindoW and at least one pane pivotally mounted onto the at least one WindoW on the face side such that the at least one pane is rotatable between a closed position and an opening position around a pivotal axis responsive to a Wind condition thereof. The pivotal axis is substantially per pendicular to the vertical oriented shaft.

0

290 224

US 2009/0066088 A1 Patent Application Publication Mar. 12, 2009 Sheet 1 0f 9

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US 2009/0066088 A1 Patent Application Publication Mar. 12, 2009 Sheet 2 0f 9

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326

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537

US 20090140528A1


Ireland (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 4, 2009

(54) WIND AND UPDRAFT TURBINE (30) Foreign Application Priority Data

Inventor: Barry l1I Ireland’ Moosomin 20, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Publication Classi?cation

Correspondence Address: (51) Int CL FULBRIGHT & JAWORSKI L.L.P F03D 9/00 (200601) 2200 ROSS AVENUE’ SUITE 280° (52) us. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55 DALLAS, TX 75201-2784 (US)

(57) ABSTRACT

(73) Assignee? BRI Ene_rgy solutions Limited, The invention relates to the ?eld of electrical generation and Moosomln (CA) more speci?cally to the use of a Wind turbine for generating

electricity. The invention provides a fully integrated vertical (21) Appl. No.: 12/334,333 axis Wind turbine (VAWT) Which can be mounted on a cylin

drical pole. Rotor blades are disposed on the outside of a (22) Filed; Dec_ 12, 2008 permanent magnet generator integral to the VAWT, the rotor

blades being coupled directly to a rotating, current inducing . . set of permanent magnets or rotor for rotation about a station

Related U's' Apphcatlon Data ary, current generating stator. At least three rotor blades are

(63) Continuation-in-pa1t of application No. 12/298,472. used Which are vertically Offset frOm One another.

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Patent Application Publication Jun. 4, 2009

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US 20090322095A1


Mazur (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 31, 2009

(54) WIND TURBINE Publication Classi?cation

(5 1) Int. Cl. (76) Inventor: Ed Mazur, Sierra Vista, AZ (U S) F 03D 11/00 (2006.01)

(52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55

Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT D’AMBROSIO & ASSOCIATES, P.L.L.C. _ _ _ _

10260 WESTHEIMER’ SUITE 465 A w1nd turblne hav1ng one or more sets of opposlng magnets HOUSTON, TX 77042 (Us) to create an opposing force between a turbine support and a

turbine rotor great enough to form a space between them thereby reducing friction between the turbine support and the

(21) Appl' N05 12/215,233 turbine rotor. The reduction of friction between the turbine rotor and the turbine support allows for an increase in energy

(22) Filed: Jun. 26, 2008 production and scale of the wind turbines.

[100

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106

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110 110

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FIG. 2

US 2009/0322095 A1

/304 w.

atent Application Publication Dec. 31, 2009 Sheet 4 0f 5

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402

400

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US 20 1 0004503 9A1


Stroup et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 25, 2010

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE Related US. Application Data

(75) Inventors: Mark R- stroupa LOngWOOd’ FL (60) 52031860811211 application No. 61/189,975, ?led on Aug. (US); Luis Piloto, Johnson City, TN ’ ' (Us) Publication Classi?cation

(5 1) Int. Cl. Correspondence Address: H021) 9/04 (200601) William M- Hobby, III F03D 9/00 (2006.01) 157 E- NeW England Avenue’ #375 (52) us. Cl. ........................................... .. 290/44; 290/55 Winter Park, FL 32789 (US)

(57) ABSTRACT

(73) Assignees? Mark R- stmuP; Luis Pilot‘) This invention is for a Vertical axis Wind turbine apparatus supported in a toWer With Wind diverter doors for controlling

(21) Appl. No.: 12/461,837 the air impinging on the turbine blades. The diverter doors are closable in high Wind conditions to seal off the Wind turbine

(22) Filed; Aug. 25, 2009 to protect the turbine against damage.

Feb. 25, 2010 Sheet 1 0f 6 US 2010/0045039 A1 Patent Application Publication

iv 1. j

v


26

Controls 24

25 16

FIG. 2


31 A15

FIG. 5


FIG. 6

FIG. 7

US 20100066094A1


Bernhoff (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 18, 2010

(54) WIND-POWER UNIT WITH VERTICAL AXIS (30) Foreign Application Priority Data

(75) Inventor: Hans Bernhoffs Uppsala (SE) Jun. 11, 2007 (SE) .................................. .. 0701407-9 Publication Classi?cation

Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl. DYKEMA GOSSETT PLLC F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) FRANKLIN SQUARE, THIRD FLOOR WEST, F 03D 11/04 (2006-01) 1300 I STREET, NW (52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55

WASHINGTON, DC 20005 (US) (57) ABSTRACT

. _ The invention relates to a Wind-power unit With a Wind tur (73) Asslgnee' VERTICAL WIND AB bine, a generator With vertical axis (8, 9, 10). A supporting

pillar (2) supports the Wind turbine and a foundation (3) is (21) Appl. No.: 12/451,609 arranged for the supporting pillar (2). According to the inven

tion, the stator (8, 9) of the generator (8, 9, 10) is integrated (22) PCT Filed Oct 6 2008 With the foundation (3). The invention also relates to an elec

' ' ’ tric mains connected to a Wind-power unit according to the invention. The invention also relates to a method in the pro

(86) PCT No.: PCT/SE2008/050693 duction of such a foundation. According to the method, the stator is built together to a generator having the foundation.

§ 371 (c)(1), The invention furthermore relates to use of the Wind-power (2), (4) Date: Nov. 20, 2009 unit to generate electrical energy.


13

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US 20100194112A1


Vince (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 5, 2010

(54) VERTICAL AXIS TURBINE (30) Foreign Application Priority Data

(76) Inventor. Dale Vince’ Gloucestershire (GB) Jul. 17, 2007 (GB) ................................. .. 07139314


Correspondence Address: (51) Int Cl KING & SCHICKLI, PLLC F03 D 3/02 (200601) 247 NORTH BROADWAY F03B 13/26 (200601) LEXINGTON’ KY 40507(Us) (52) us. Cl. ........................................... .. 290/53; 290/55

(21) App1.No.: 12/669,082 (57) ABSTRACT This invention relates to Vertical axis turbines particularly

(22) PCT Filed: Jul. 16, 2008 ones Which are suitable for use in swirling conditions. The Vertical turbine (10) may have ?rst and second rotors (13,14)

(86) PCT NO; PCT/GB08/02410 mounted about the axis for contra rotation and a generator (14) located between the rotors for generating electricity in

§ 371 (0X1), response to rotation of the rotors characterised in that one (2), (4) Date; Jan, 14, 2010 rotor is a substantial mirror image of the other.

13 17 f

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US 20100213720Al


Bailey et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 26, 2010

(54)

(76)

(21)

(22)

(86)

SHROUDED VERTICAL AXIS DUAL-TURBINE GENERATOR

Inventors: Laura J. Bailey, Denver, CO (US); John T. Bailey, Denver, CO (US)

Correspondence Address: Laura J. Bailey 2515 S. Hazel Ct. Denver, CO 80219 (US)

Appl. No.: 12/449,842

PCT Filed: Feb. 29, 2008

PCT No.: PCT/US2008/004269

§ 371 (00). (2), (4) Date: Aug. 28, 2009

Related U.S. Application Data

(60) Provisional application No. 60/904,411, ?led on Mar. 2, 2007.


(51) Int. Cl. F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) F03D 7/06 (2006.01)

(52) U.S. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/55; 415/4.2

(57) ABSTRACT

The Shrouded Vertical Axis Dual-Turbine Generator is a sys tem consisting of a superstructure in the shape of a symmetri cal foil, With a vertical axis turbine set into the camber of each side. The leading edge of the superstructure increases the speed of the Water or air current pas sing around the generator. The trailing edge creates a slip stream Which reduces turbu lence. Shutters on each side of the superstructure control the amount of current in contact With the turbines by sliding forward or rearward to increase or decrease How to the tur bines. The turbines are modular in design and can be custom iZed into longer or shorter turbines, depending on application.


Fig. l


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US 20100230972A1


Haar (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 16, 2010

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE SYSTEM Publication Classi?cation

. - (51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventor. .(Igréglthan Haar, Cambridge, MA F03D 9/00 (200601)

(52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55

Correspondence Address: CHOATE, HALL & STEWART LLP (57) ABSTRACT TWO INTERNATIONAL PLACE . . . .

BOSTON, MA 02110 (Us) W1nd turbine system" The system lncludes a loWer W1nd speed Vertical axis W1nd turbine operatively connected to a

(73) Assigneez Eastern Wind Power, Inc” ?rst electrical motor/ generator and a higher Wind speed Ver Cambridge, M A (Us) tical axis Wind turbine operatively connected to at least one

second electrical motor/ generator. Electrical poWer from the (21) App1_ NO; 12/403,001 ?rst electrical motor/ generator is directed to the at least one

second electrical motor/ generator and mag-lev system to (22) Filed; Mar, 12, 2009 cause the higher Wind speed turbine to begin turning.

18

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US 20110006526A1


Hemmingsson (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 13, 2011

(54) PITCH CONTROL ARRANGEMENT FOR (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WIND TURBINE

Dec. 20, 2007 (SE) .................................. .. 0702854-1

(75) Inventor: Jonas Hemmingsson, Stockholm (SE) Publication Classi?cation

(51) Int. Cl. Correspondence Address: H021) 9/04 (200601) YOUNG & THOMPSON 209 Madison street’ suite 500 (52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/44

Alexandria, VA 22314 (US) (57) ABSTRACT

(73) Assignee: LILJEHOLM KONSULT AB, A pitch control arrangement for a Wind turbine of the vertical Stockholm (SE) axis type. Cam element and cam follower element are

arranged to set the pitch angle of a turbine blade in accordance (21) Appl, No.1 12/809,712 With a predetermined cyclic variation. The cam element

includes a cam surface of different cam pro?les, Which de?ne (22) PCT Filed; Dec, 19, 2008 different predetermined cyclic variation of the pitch angle.

The present invention provides an improved ef?ciency for a (86) PCT NO; PCT/sE2008/051541 Wind turbine irrespective of actual Wind conditions, and fur

ther, both self-starting capability and high ef?ciency at a Wide § 371 (0X1), range of rotation speeds is accomplished using a simple and (2), (4) Date; Jul. 29, 2010 reliable construction.


114 110

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US 20110008167A1


Cummings (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 13, 2011

(54) HINGED SAIL VERTICAL-AXIS WIND Publication Classi?cation GENERATOR FOR RESIDENTIAL GROUND OPERATION (51) Int‘ Cl‘

F 03D 3/06 (2006.01)

Inventor: Christian Cummings’ LeWiSViHe’ US. Cl- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. A

TX (U S) (57) ABSTRACT

EZHFSPOHTHSE AddFeSSZ A ground-level vertical-axis Wind generator introduces the 3l7nlgtlfgll) ‘_ ummmgs use of reverse push-away hinges and soft sails speci?cally L _ “in 1.132375 0 5 6 U 5 made for safe operation in a residential environment. The ewlsvl 6’ ( ) concave sails harness the Wind energy, each one tensioned

. _ _ _ _ between tWo curved support arms, Which connect to the cen

(73) Asslgnee' fhrlstlqln umsmmgs’ tral rotor via butt hinges. These hinges and soft sails yield eWlSVl 6’ (U ) safety to alloW the Wind generator to operate at ground level.

_ The rotor drives an alternator included in the support structure (21) Appl' NO" 12/564’905 of the Wind generator via a gear assembly. The alternator

. _ generates the electricity and a direct current to alternating (22) Flled' sep' 22’ 2009 current poWer inverter converts the electrical current to match

. . that of the residential utility grid. No installation is required; Related U's' Apphcatlon Data instead, it operates at ground-level in the backyard, Which

(60) Provisional app1icati0nNO_ 61/223,651, ?led on Ju1_ 7, makes this safe and easy-to-assemble invention a cost effec 2009. tive alternative to harnessing free energy.

18 // K

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US 20110042962A1


Yoon (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 24, 2011

(54) VERTICAL SHAFT TYPE DARIUS (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WINDMILL

Jul. 31, 2008 (KR) ...................... .. 10-2008-0075358

(75) Inventor: Yang H Yoon, GWangju (KR) Publication Classi?cation

(51) Int. Cl. Correspondence Address: F 03D 9/00 (2006-01) CHRISTOPHER PAUL MITCHELL (52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55

888 16TH ST., NW, SUITE 800 (57) ABSTRACT WASHINGTON, DC 20006 (US)

The present invention relates to a Darrieus Windmill, and . _ more speci?cally, to a vertical axis type Darrieus Windmill

(73) Asslgnee' gYGNUSIEQWER CO" LTD’ that enables self-start in the loW Wind velocity range. The Wangiu ( ) Darrieus Windmill, in Which a primary vertical shaft is rotated

by the lift forces generated by primary blades, has a starting (21) Appl. No.: 12/989,956 means for assisting the starting or rotation of the primary shaft

at a 10W Wind velocity. The present invention provides advan - _ tages of enabling self-start and rotation due to the lift gener

(22) PCT Flled' Jul‘ 31’ 2009 ated by the blade in loW Wind velocity conditions and enabling the generation of rotating moments in any Wind

(86) PCT No.: PCT/KR09/04313 direction or Wind velocity, thereby easily starting even in urban areas With very loW Wind velocities or large variations

§ 371 (c)(1), in Wind direction, and thus enabling the generation of elec (2), (4) Date: Oct. 27, 2010 tricity over a Wide range of Wind velocities.


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US 20110068581A1


Lowery (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 24, 201 1

(54) ROTATING DOORS WIND MACHINE (52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55

(76) Inventor: Jerry Lowery, lrvington, AL (US) (57) ABSTRACT

_ The rotating door Wind machine is built by attaching 2 or (21) Appl' NO" 12/563’317 more door units to a Vertical shaft. The Wind force closes the

. _ doors and create a torque on the shaft thereby causing it to (22) Flled' sep' 21’ 2009 rotate horizontally and produce energy. This energy is then

P bl, _ Cl _? _ output to drive a load such as an electrical generator. When the u lcatlon assl canon shafts turn 180 degrees the doors Will open to alloW the Wind

(51) Int, Cl, force to pass through and not interfere With the machine’s F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) rotation.


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8

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: Apr. 21, 2011


(2006.01) 290/55

ABSTRACT

US 20110089699Al

(43) Pub. Date

(51) Int. Cl. F 03D 3/06

(57)

The invention relates to a Wind turbine With vertical! axis and having a plurality of axlaluy extending turbine blades (2). According to the invention the structure of each blade varies along the axial extension of the blade (2). The invention also rebates to the use of the Wind poWer unit for generating.

WW, 5 1 / 1 .

.1 .42 .5... 771.2


Bernhoff

(54) VERTICAL WIND TURBINE HAVING BLADES WITH VARYING GEOMETRY

(75) Inventor: Hans Bernhoff, Uppsala (SE)

(73) Assignee: Vertical Wind AB

(21) App1.No.: 12/737,146

(22) PCT Filed: Jun. 13, 2008

(86) PCT No.: PCT/SE2008/050713

§ 371 (0X1)’ (2), (4) Date: Dec. 13, 2010

Patent Application Publication Apr. 21, 2011 Sheet 1 0f 3 US 2011/0089699 A1

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Patent Application Publication Apr. 21, 2011 Sheet 2 0f 3

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US 2011/0089699 A1

US 20110103942Al

(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0103942 Al

Green et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 5, 2011

(54) WIND ENERGY SYSTEM Publication Classi?cation

_ _ . . _ . 51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventors. Colin Green, Victoria (CA), Nick (

Blitterswyk, New York, NY (US); Dan Lucy, BoZeman, MT (US); ( ' )

Michael Blevins, BoZeman, MT F 03D 11/00 (200601)

(Us) (52) US. Cl. ..................... .. 415/183; 415/211.1; 415/201

(73) Assignee: The Green Electric Company, Inc., BoZeman, MT (US) (57) ABSTRACT

Wind ener s stems com rise a Wind accelerator havin a gy y P g (21) Appl' NO‘: 12/771,898 support assembly and an outer structure surrounding the sup

_ _ port assembly. The Wind accelerator has a front region and a (22) Flled' Apr‘ 30’ 2010 rear region. The rear region is substantially Wider than the

. . front region, and the outer structure tapers from the rear Related U's' Apphcatlon Data region to the front region. One or more turbines are mounted

(60) Provisional application No, 61/256,174, ?led on Oct on the support assembly at or near the rear region of the Wind 29, 2009, provisional application No. 61/256,474, ?led on Oct. 30, 2009.

accelerator or at or near the Widest point of the Wind accel erator.

/216

Patent Application Publication May 5, 2011 Sheet 1 0f 17 US 2011/0103942 A1

FIG. 1


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0 o O o O O 0 0 000000000 0 000 O OO O0 0 00000009 0 o o o 0 000000000 0 o O o o o 0 0

000000 00 0 0000000 0 0 000000000 00000 O O o O O 00 oo o o o O O OO O O O O 0 00000000 0 O O O O G_ o 0 000000000 0 o O O O \2600 000000 0 O 000 o o o O 0 000000000 0 0O 0000 O 00 oo o0 O O o o o o

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US 2011/0103942 A1

1 | | l | | | | | | | l | | | l

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l |

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May 5, 2011 Sheet 15 0f 17

||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||L Patent Application Publication


Turbine Spin Rate 30.0

22-2 i 1510

10.0

s-s ' 0 2 4 8 10 12 14 16

Wind Speed (m/s) _|:_ Max 0p Spin FIG. 16 —A— Max Ct Spin

Torque vs Wind Speed @ spin rate for max Cp and Max Ct

60,000

50,000

3 40,000 g’ 30,000 5 20,000

10,000 0- _ ‘ _ . P » I

0 5 10 15 Wind Speed (m/s)

—A— Max Up Free Standing FIG- 17 —=-— Max Ct Free Standing

—O— Max Cp Structure —|:|— Max 02‘ Structure


Power vs Wind Speed @ spin rate for max 0p and Max Ct

140.0

120.0

§ 100.0 ii 80.0 I_

g 60.0 °~ 40.0

20.0

0.0- -‘ 4.

Wind Speed (m/s) —O— Max 0p Base

FIG. 18 —A— Max Ct Base —|:|— Max 0p Structure —-— Max Ct Structure

US 20110142641Al


Anderson (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 16, 2011

(54) ENCLOSED VERTICAL AXIS FLUID ROTOR (52) US. Cl. .................................................. .. 416/132 B

(76) Inventor: Bruce Elliot Anderson, Eugene, (57) ABSTRACT

OR (Us) A enclosed vertical axis ?uid rotor used as a Wind turbine of _ tWo designs having multiple sails that are concave on the

(21) Appl' NO" 12/905’058 inside and convex on the outer side Which alloWs omni _ directional Wind or other ?uids to engage sails to create opti

(22) Flled: Oct‘ 14’ 2010 mum ?uid momentum. These are sectional segmentation of _ _ each rotor that can be stacked upon one another at locating lug

Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data points to be attached to each rotor to keep radial alignment

(60) Provisional application No. 61/272,626, ?led on Oct. Precise during assembly- The Preferred embodiment Would 14, 2009, provisional application No_ 61/283,988’ be of composite materials or plastics that can be molded to a ?led on Dec_ 10, 2009 given design of three or more stages. The advantage of this

turbine is using the ?uids to their optimum e?iciency. These _ _ _ _ designs have loW starting speed, loW precession, and loW

Pubhcatlon Classl?catlon drag. One design has a central axis that turns With bearings (51) Int, C], With the rotor and the other design is a central static (non

F 03D 11/00 (200601) turning) axis shaft that alloWs the turbine to turn on bearings.


F164

US 20110175366A1


Steinlechner (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 21, 201 1

(54) LOW-PROFILE POWER-GENERATING WIND (52) US. Cl. ......................................... .. 290/55; 415/222 TURBINE

(76) Inventor: Johann Steinlechner, Palm Springs, CA (US)

(57) ABSTRACT (21) 1Xppl.l¢o; 13/009,735 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A W1ndturb1ne is disclosed Wh1ch uses energy in air movmg

(22) Filed; Jam 19, 2011 relatively toward the turbine to focus and increase the Velocity of air entering a turbine inlet air ?oW passage. The inlet ?oW

Related US, Application Data passage discharges focused and accelerated air to blades of a _ _ _ _ rotor Where the blades interact With that air to turn the rotor.

(60) PrOVlslOnal apphcanon NO‘ 61/296,280’ ?led on Jan‘ Rotor motion can be used to operate an electrical generator. 19’ 2010' The plane of rotation of the rotor can be at substantially right

_ _ _ _ an les to the lane of the assa e inleto enin .Baf?es inthe Pubhcatlon Classl?catlon ?oév passagerand stator vgnes a€1j acent the rotir blades cause

(51) Int, C], the mass How of the accelerated air to be substantially uni F0 3D 9/00 (200601) form, and desirably directed, throughout the rotor’s blade F0 3D 1/04 (200601) area. The turbine is compact and operates quietly.

16

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i 1

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US 2011/0175366 A1 Patent Application Publication Jul. 21, 2011 Sheet 5 0f 9


14 51 5O

13

US 20120082560A1


Firic (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 5, 2012

(54) VERTICAL SPIRAL ANGLE WIND TURBINE (52) US. Cl. ...................................................... .. 416/243

(76) Inventor: Paul Firic, Welland (CA)

(21) Appl. No.: 13/234,228 (57) ABSTRACT

(22) Filed; sep_ 16, 2011 The present device is a vertically oriented Wind turbine blade having a rectangular curvilinear shaped blade Which includes

Related US, Application Data a top edge, a bottom edge, an outer edge, a helical inner edge, _ _ _ _ an inner surface and an outer surface. The blade’s top edge is

(60) Prov1s1onal applicatlon No. 61/388,088, ?led on Sep. Curved and de?nes a radius R and the helical inner edge 30> 2010' de?nes an angle theta relative to a vertical reference line. The

_ _ _ _ blade further includes an L shaped outer rib With a transverse Pubhcatlon Classl?catlon leg mounted to the inner surface and extending along the

(51) Int, Cl, outer edge, the outer rib also includes a perpendicular leg F 03D 3/06 (200601) extending perpendicular to the transverse leg,

Patent Application Publication Apr. 5, 2012 Sheet 1 of8

Ill J

US 2012/0082560 A1


I20 / /" /


Fig.8

420 4:4

418 \ ‘E3 410 442


5,. v - ' -" 5:0


FIG-1O

US 20120099994A1


Eguizabal (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 26, 2012

(54) VERTICAL-AXIS WIND ROTOR

(76) Inventor: Juan Jose Eguizabal, Logrono (La Rioja) (ES)

(21) Appl. No.: 13/379,046

(22) PCT Filed: Feb. 15, 2011

(86) PCT No.:

§ 371 (0X1)’ (2), (4) Date:

PCT/ES2011/000038

Dec. 19, 2011


Mar. 2, 2010 (ES) ............................... .. P201000283


(51) Int. or. F 03D 11/02 (2006.01)

(52) Us. or. .................................................. .. 416/197R

(57) ABSTRACT

This present invention relates to a wind rotor with a vertical shaft, formed by means of a vertical shaft (1), two horizontal end supports (3, 3’) and a plurality of blades (4, 4’) arranged between said supports. The features of the invention are cen tered on the fact that the blades (4, 4’) are of two types, in an alternating arrangement, blades (4) prepared and con?gured for forming drag elements and blades (4’) prepared for form ing lift elements, with the additional particularity that the latter stall when they exceed a pre-established wind speed, causing a braking effect in the rotor. This structure eliminates many of the drawbacks of the known wind rotors with a vertical shaft, such that it does not require an important start ing torque, a braking system with strong winds, or the orien tation and reorientation with respect to the dominant winds. Nor is it limited to being used with laminar winds, and it does not require being arranged at great heights, being able to be installed on a short support post (2) in optimal operating conditions.

US 20120107085A1


McCoWan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 3, 2012

(54) HOUSING AND MASS AIRFLOW RATE Publication Classi?cation CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A WIND TURBINE (51) Int. Cl.

F 03D 3/04 (2006.01) _ _ F 03D 11/00 (2006.01)

(75) Inventors: William Paul McCoWan; F03D 7/06 (200601)

gueenstlolwna Mghws); J01}; (52) us. Cl. ............. .. 415/1; 415/42; 415/126; 415/141 pence ayes apman, .;

White Hall; MD (US); Donald (57) ABSTRACT George Myers, Forest Hill, MD The present invention provides control for air?ow to a wind (US) turbine that allows a wind turbine to operate cost effectively

and e?iciently in a wide range of speeds and a variety of ambient conditions. A system has a housing; a wind turbine

(73) Assignee; Total Energy Renewable Power assembly located within an interior space of the housing; and systems, LLC’ Annapolis, MD at least one moveable shutter or de?ector. The wmd turbine (Us) assembly mcludes a shaft; a plurality of air foils or turbine

blades; and a plurality of spars supporting the plurality of air foils or turbine blades rotatably around the shaft. At least one movable shutter or de?ector is coupled to the housing and

(21) APP1- NOJ 12/915,687 adjustably positioned relative to the open sides of the housing to be able to move between different positions to partially or fully cover each open side depending upon the wind speed of

(22) Filed: Oct. 29, 2010 the ambient wind.

112

120

———l26

126a

120

126

US 2012/0107085 A1 May 3, 2012 Sheet 1 0f 9

128


122 \ i i

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FIG. 1A


120

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US 2012/0107085 A1

[110

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114

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113

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114 116 118

FIG. 2


300 128

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123

120

326

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FIG. 3


300

440

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112

gfsiiiikii 2;? 300 FIG. 4A

440

0 2 .I. 32621

326

FIG. 4B


400

FIG. 5

46 .07

May 3, 2012 Sheet 7 0f 9 US 2012/0107085 A1

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US 20120119502A1


HUANG et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 17, 2012

(54) VERTICAL WIND POWER GENERATOR Publication Classi?cation WITH AUTOMATICALLY UNSTRETCHABLE 51 I t Cl BLADES ( ) n ' '

F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) B64C 27/00 (2006.01)

(76) Inventors: TZu_Ya0 HUANG, Taichung City (52) US. Cl. ..................................... .. 290/55; 416/170 R

(TW); Tso-Cheng Hsiao, Taichung (57) ABSTRACT City (TW)

(21) Appl. No.: 12/972,443

(22) Filed: Dec. 18, 2010


Nov. 15,2010 (TW) ............................... .. 099139145

50

/ 5 1 \_

52 § § \

/ 20

A vertical Wind power generator With automatically unstretchable blades is disclosed. The vertical Wind poWer generator includes a generator, a linkage mechanism, a lifting type blade assembly, a resistance type blade assembly and a drive unit. The drive unit provides poWer for driving the linkage mechanism. The drive unit has an output shaft mov able between a ?rst position and a second position. When the output shaft is moved to the ?rst position, the linkage mecha nism is driven to move the resistance type blades to a stretched position. When the output shaft is moved to the second position, the linkage mechanism is driven to move the resistance type blades to an unstretched position.

70

21


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61


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US 20120153632A1


Suttisiltum (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 21, 2012

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE Publication Classi?cation

GENERATOR (51) Int CL F 03D 3/04 (2006.01)

(76) Inventor: Apichat Suttisiltum, Bangkok F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) (TH) (52) US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55

(57) ABSTRACT

(21) Appl' NO': 13/393’532 The present invention relates to a vertical axis Wind turbine generator comprising one turbine. The turbine comprises a

(22) PCT Filed: Sep. 6, 2010 plurality of V-shape longitudinal cup type blades mounted horizontally in one or more circulars around a rotor to

_ received the Wind mass and push the turbine to rotate, a (86) PCT NO" PCT/TH10/00033 step-up gear to increase the turbine shaft rotation speed, a

§ 371 (6X1) generator is to be rotated by the drive shaft of step-up gear, a ’_ lift-up equipment for eliminating friction loss at the bearings

(2), (4) Dam Feb‘ 29’ 2012 While the turbine rotation to make it rotate similarly; freely ?oated in the air, and a set of Wind velocity accelerating tunnel

(30) Foreign Application Priority Data to increase Wind mass bloWing from any directions to a higher velocity than the natural instantaneous Wind speed When

Sep. 8, 2009 (TH) .............................. .. 0901004039 approaching blades front. The turbine set is installed on a Oct. 7, 2009 (TH) .............................. .. 0901004535 toWer structure.

I

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US 2012/0153632 A1

,; I,

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Jun. 21, 2012 Sheet 5 0f 6

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FIG-6

US 20120189428Al


Gamberini (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 26, 2012

(54) WIND TURBINE (30) Foreign Application Priority Data

(75) Inventor: Enzo Gamberini’ Zola Predosa Jul. 28, 2009 (IT) ........................ .. RE2009A000077

(Bologna) (1T) Publication Classi?cation

(51) Int. Cl. - . _ F 03D 7/06 (2006.01)

(73) Asslgnee. 832x512) Crespellano F03D 3/04 (200601) (52) US. Cl. ....................................................... .. 415/4.4

(21) Appl. No.: 13/387,368 (57) ABSTRACT A Wind turbine device comprising a base frame Which sup

(22) PCT Filed Feb 10 2010 ports a vertical axis Wind operated rotor, the axis being asso ' ' ’ ciated to a user device and being contained in a matchingly

dimensioned cylindrical casing exhibiting tWo openings, (86) PCT No.: PCT/EP10/51650 respectively an inlet and an outlet, aligned perpendicular to

the rotor axis, the casing being driven to rotate about the axis § 371 (0X1), by a member sensitive to the direction of the Wind, such that

, ate: pr. , t e 1n et opemng 1s a Ways acmg into t e Wm . 24D A102012 h'l "l f" h'd

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US 20120294705A1


Unno (43) Pub. Date: NOV. 22, 2012

(54) HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATING Publication Classi?cation

APPARATUS (51) Int CL F 03B 3/00 (2006.01)

(76) Inventor: Yuji Unno, Tokyo (JP) F 03B 11/00 (2006.01) (52) US. Cl. ...................................................... .. 415/151

(21) Appl. No.: 13/390,363 (57) ABSTRACT

_ The apparatus includes a water collecting plate 6 which col (22) PCT Flledt Sep- 1, 2011 lects water into a water in?ow opening 8 while intercepting

and accumulating water ?owing through a waterway, and a _ movable gate 5 which is capable of changing ?ow cross

(86) PCT NO" PCT/JP11/69889 sectional area of water ?ow acting to the top ends of rotor

§ 371 (0X1) blades 33 of a vertical axis turbine 3 as in?owing from the ’_ water in?ow opening 8. Here, owing to changing of ?ow

(2), (4) Dam Feb‘ 14’ 2012 cross-sectional area with opening and closing of the movable gate 5, a ?ow rate can be adjusted by changing a water level at

(30) Foreign Application Priority Data the upstream side and opening area of an ori?ce hole and operation of the rotor blades 33 can be stopped by blocking

May 18, 2011 (JP) ............................... .. 2011-111809 water passing toward the vertical axis turbine 3.

“*6

UPSTREAM SIDE DOWNSTREAM SIDE

,

Patent Application Publication Nov. 22, 2012 Sheet 1 0f 14 US 2012/0294705 A1

2 DOWNSTREAM S IDE 2354 LLs( UPSTREAM S 1 DE

FIG.1

41 4 31 43 /

32

42 "-21

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31 &

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r E 53

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OPENED STATE

C3i> DOWNSTREAM SIDE UPSTREAM SIDE [35>

(a)

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L? II1> DOWNSTREAM SIDE UPSTREAM SIDE II>

(b)

FIG.5


33b

FIG.6


FIG. 7

H1 *

V1 @

Q2

FIG. 8

<NORMAL TIME> <WATER~DECREASING TIME>

i WATER 1S— :—

Q5=> Q7 =:>

H3 H4

A A V3 V4 => =>

A1 Q6 A1 Q8

7 _|

FIG. 9


MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WATER DEPTH

.k A Z‘ / MAXIMUM PLANNED WATER DEPTH

Hb V Z r ? NORMAL OR PRACTICAL WATER LEVEL

Ha H61 2 Hd

v T \

FIG. 10

FIG. 11

<WATER—INCREASING TIME> <WATER-DECREASING TIME>

OVERFLOW PRIMARILY ALLOWABLE WATER LEVEL

Qa He

FIG. 12


WATER LEVEL CAPABLE OF MAINTAINING WATERWAY FUNCTION

FIG. 13

FIG. 14

FLOW RATE ADJUSTING OPENING PORTION AT WATER COLLECTING PLATE

Q0 => 2 f k

\ \ ‘ PART Qa

=>

Q8 A h3

:> A1 ~ A2 \ 72 PART OFQa+Qa

W

~N m

\FLOW RATE ADJUSTING OPENING PORTION AT WATER COLLECTING PLATE

FIG. 15

US 2012/0294705 A1 Nov. 22, 2012 Sheet 8 0f 14 Patent Application Publication

(a)

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(b)

FIG. 16


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FIG. 17


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FIG. 18

NARROW WATERWAY

FIG. 19


WITHOUT LEVEL DIFFERENCE

T F 6, if 51 .-. /2 /1

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(b)

FIG. 20


LEVEL DIFFERENCE /

/ \ T1“

6w 1

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US 20120319407A1


Glass (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 20, 2012

(54) LIGHTER-THAN-AIR CRAFT FOR (52) US. Cl. ....................................................... .. 290/55 ENERGY-PRODUCING TURBINES

(75) Inventor: Benjamin W. Glass, Somerville, MA (57) ABSTRACT (Us)

(73) Assignee: ALTAEROS ENERGIES, INC., Boston’ M A (Us) A Wind-based power generating system provides a Wind

energy converter for converting Wind energy into another (21) Appl. No.: 13/565,916 form of energy using a lighter-than-air craft con?gured to

produce a positive net lift. The net lift includes both a net (22) Filed? Aug- 31 2012 aerodynamic lift and a net buoyant lift. A tethering mecha

_ _ nism is con?gured to restrain the lighter-than-air craft With Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data respect to the ground. The lighter-than-air craft de?nes an

(63) continuationqmpan of application NO_ 12/579,839, interior volume for containing a lighter-than-air gas, and the ?led on Oct. 15, 2009, noW Pat. No. 8,253,265. lighter-than-air craft has a fore section and an aft section. The

. . . . tethering system has at least one attachment point on the fore (60) {52031830811211 apphcanon NO' 61/105509’ ?led on Oct' section of the lighter-than-air craft and at least one attachment

’ ' point on the aft section of the lighter-than-air craft. The

publication Classi?cation lighter-than-air craft provides a stable aerodynamic moment With respect to a yaW axis about a center-of-mass of the

(51) Int. Cl. lighter-than-air craft. The craft can be formed in a variety of F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) aerodynamic pro?les/ shapes.


W

F d W

A

12

11

10

FIG. 1

Patent Application Publication Dec. 20, 2012 Sheet 2 0f 14 US 2012/0319407 Al

N .GE


n .9" 5 mm


Q 2% mnatric

FIG. 4


FIG. 5


W ind


O H

9' u.


H Fl

9 LI


ma .wE


FIG. 14

r g _/ ii’: 86

85

88

US 20130017088A1


Ariznabarreta (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 17, 2013

(54) VERTICAL AXIS MICRO WIND GENERATOR (52) US. Cl. ................................................. .. 416/170 R

(57) ABSTRACT A Vertical axis micro Wind generator is described, as com prising a Savonius type helical Wing 1, (FIG. 1), two bearings 10a and 10b on each side of the the Wing, a base 2 joined to Wing 1 With shafts 7a, 7b and 7c protruding from the bottom side of base 2 Where 3 bearings 9a, 9b and 9c, and planets 8a, 8b and 8c are located, a croWn gear ?xed to base plate 6 and

(76) Inventor: J oseba Ariznabarreta, (US)

(21) Appl.No.: 13/184,496

(22) Filed: Jul. 16, 2011

Publication Classi?cation a sun gear 12 rotating around shaft 3. Sun gear 12, joined to the magnets plate 4, rotates in the same direction as helical

(51) Int. Cl. Wing 1 and at a resultant speed as determined by the planetary F 03D 11/02 (2006.01) gear system (FIG. 2).

/

_/ /

1

7b 2


FIG. 1


FIG. 2


7b 2

FIG. 3


FIG. 4


10a

FIG. 5


15a 8a

FIG. 6

US 20130094967A1


SU (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 18, 2013

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE SYSTEM (57) ABSTRACT A vertical axis Wind turbine system is revealed. TWo vertical

(76) Inventor: MAX SU’ TAINAN CITY (TW) axis Wind supply units are arranged beside a support rod and between an upper and a lower connection plates. The vertical

(21) App1_ NO; 13/273,310 axis Wind supply unit includes blades around a rotor shaft. Each blade includes a blade body and valves. The blade body is a helical plate having a plurality of crossed barriers and

(22) Filed: Oct- 14, 2011 insertion holes among barriers. Moreover, the valves are ?xed on an upWind surface of the blade body and an upper side of

_ _ _ _ the valve is connected to the blade body. Each valve is corre Pubhcatlon Classl?catlon sponding to at least one insertion hole. Each of the tWo rotor

shafts are connected to a generator set by a transmission set. (51) Int‘ Cl‘ When Wind turns the blades, each blade spin the rotor shaft

F 03D 3/02 (2006-01) and the transmission set transfers energy generated by the (52) US. Cl. rotating blades to the generator set for conversion to electrical

USPC ........................................................ .. 416/202 poWer.

US 2013/0094967 A1 Patent Application Publication Apr. 18, 2013 Sheet 1 0f 7

/ ......... .. W. . h \ \\ \ \ // 1 1» A“ \“w x x

1

M

FIG.1


FIG.3

Patent Application Publication Apr. 18, 2013 Sheet 5 0f 7 US 2013/0094967 Al


FIG.6

US 20130108458A1


Goldstein (43) Pub. Date: May 2, 2013

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE WITH (52) us. c1. SOFT AIRFOIL SAILS USPC ........................................................ .. 416/240

(76) Inventor: Leonid Goldstein, Los Angeles, CA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT

One embodiment of vertical axis Wind turbine, having a soft sail (101), receiving airfoil form in the relative air How. The

(22) Filed, Oct 30, 2011 soft sail (101) is attached to a mast (102), connected to a rotating shaft (202), transferring motion to a generator or

Publication Classi?cation alternator (203). Another embodiment of vertical axis Wind turbine, having a soft sail (1306), receiving its airfoil form

(51) Int. Cl. from the relative air How and centrifugal forces, acting on it. F 03D 3/06 (2006.01) Other embodiments are described and shoWn.

(21) App1.No.: 13/284,953

100


Fig.1


(\ \,


Fig.2B

-'/—,-;—Q \ \ A

Wind / / IV /\

4>

/ \ 101


Fig.4


/ \1

\ , \

\\ // \\\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \

04 \ \ 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ \

\\ \\ \\ \\\ \\\\\\

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Fig.6


203\

201 //

Fig.7

--/I’—' \\ \

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F /

/ \ A01

A \ I 75k 103

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1601 \\

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US 2013/0108458 A1

102

101


104

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202 ?/ 101 \

203\ ¥ 102

206

201 /

Fig.16B

US 20130113217A1


Vaz (43) Pub. Date: May 9, 2013

(54) VERTICAL AXIS TURBINE (52) US. Cl. CPC .............. .. F 03D 3/061 (2013.01); F 03D 9/002

(76) Inventor: Guy Andrew Vaz, Singapore (SG) (201301) USPC ............................. .. 290/55;415/1;415/182.1

(21) Appl. No.: 13/810,782

(22) PCT Filed: Aug. 26, 2010 (57) ABSTRACT

(86) PCT NO': PCT/sG2010/000314 A guiding apparatus for guiding a How of a ?uid for use With

§ 371 (0X1), a rotor, the rotor comprising an annular radial Vane assembly (2), (4) Date? Jall- 17, 2013 surrounding a central space Which is enclosed save Via the

publication Classi?cation Vane assembly and being arranged to rotate about a Vertical axis, the guiding apparatus comprising a screening for guid

(51) Int, Cl, ing the ?uid to circulate substantially about the Vertical axis F 03D 3/06 (2006.01) Within the central space in the same direction as the rotor F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) during use.


FIGURE 1

US 2013/0113217 A1

24

.w ~¢ g

0

8 2

f 0

2 f

w . 2'

h \2

S .

3 1 0 2 9, y m

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/ 2


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A 26 Figure 3A

‘ [- 12,16

Figure 3B

. _ f 12,16

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M


Figure 6A

Figure 6B


24

Figure 8A

unvn

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US 20130136600A1

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N6.: US 2013/0136600 A1 (19) United States

Tamatsu (43) Pub. Date: May 30, 2013

(54) WIND/WATER TURBINE WITH ROTATIONAL (52) US. Cl. RESISTANCE REDUCED BY WIND vANE CPC ............ .. F03B 17/065 (2013.01); F03D 3/067

BLADE (2013.01) USPC ........................................................ .. 416/119

(76) Inventor: Yoshiji Tamatsu, Okinawa (JP)

(21) Appl. No.: 13/702,614

(22) PCT Filed: Jun. 7, 2011

(86) PCT No.: PCT/JP11/62988

§ 371 (0X1)’ (2), (4) Date: Dec. 7, 2012


Jun. 9, 2010 (JP) ............................... .. 2010-132516

Aug. 10,2010 (JP) ............................... .. 2010-179089


(51) Int. Cl. F03B 17/06 F03D 3/06

(2006.01) (2006.01)

'1- 11.11.111.111:

(57) ABSTRACT

A Wind/Water turbine has a basic con?guration in Which both ends of blades Which are in rotational symmetry are ?xed to support plates, the blades have vanes, one of the vertical sides of the vanes is attached to a vane rotating shaft, and the free opposite sides each rotate freely in a sector extending as far as the adjacent vane rotating shafts on either side. The vanes are arranged such that When the blades of the Wind/Water turbine are convex, moving against the Water ?ow/air?ow, the vanes are pressed by the Water ?ow/air?ow and are opened, thereby reducing the rotational resistance, and When the blades have pivoted further and are concave, the spaces between the vane rotating shafts are closed, the Water/ air pressure is received over the entire surface of the blade, and thus a pivoting force that is increased corresponding to the reduction in rotation resistance is obtained.

I'M-"III... 'DIIIIIIIIIII


[Figure 1]

Point A

Point B

u

. X

[Figure 2]

[Figure 3]


[Figure 4]

....................a..

[Figure 5]

[Figure 6]


[Figure 7]


[Figure 10]

n ttiiiiiitkw

[Figure 12]

[Figure 13] <12‘

[Figure 11]


[Figure 14]

[Figure 15]

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[Figure 16]

8 ft

| Section B-B 13-131‘


[Figure 17]

US 20130285382A1


Grigg (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013

(54) WIND TURBINE GENERATOR AND MOTOR (52) US. Cl. CPC .................................. .. H02K57/003 (2013.01)

(71) Applicant: Charles Grigg, Westpmt, CA (US) USPC .......................................................... .. 290/54

(72) Inventor: Charles Grigg, Westport, CA (U S) (57) ABSTRACT

_ A PAVA (parallel and vertical axis) turbine includes a plural (21) Appl' No" 13/761506 ity of Wing Assemblies having vertical pivot shafts extending

- _ between tWo vertically spaced end assemblies that are joined (22) Flled' Feb‘ 7’ 2013 to a central driveshaft assembly. The Wing assemblies are

. . rotatable about their respective pivot axes from a drive posi Related U's' Apphcatlon Data tion in Which they extend radially outWardly from the central

(63) Continuation of application No. 12/657,136, ?led on axis and transverse to incident ?uid ?oW to maximally Cap Jan. 13, 2010, noW Pat. No. 8,373,297. ture ?uid ?oW and rotate the turbine, to a glide position in

Which the Wings extend tangentially to the direction of rota Publication Classi?cation tion and parallel to incident ?uid ?oW to minimize drag. The

Wings may have articulating ?aps rotating outWardly from the (51) Int. Cl. Wing assembly in the drive quadrant to capture more of the

H02K 57/00 (2006.01) passing ?uid ?oW.

11

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US 20140023500A1


RUBIO (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 23, 2014

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND AND HYDRAULIC TURBINE WITH FLOW CONTROL

(71) Applicant: Humberto Antonio RUBIO, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (AR)

(72) Inventor: Humberto Antonio RUBIO, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (AR)

(21) App1.No.: 13/736,325


(51) Int. Cl. F03D 3/00 (2006.01)

(52) Us. or. CPC .................................... .. F03D 3/005 (2013.01)

USPC .......................................................... .. 416/24

(57) ABSTRACT A Vertical axis Wind and hydraulic turbine with How control including a regular hexagonal structure of radius R, parallel epiped-shaped, inside Which a rotor rotates With three or more vanes on a Vertical axis Which is located in the center of the hexagon as seen from above, Wherein the vanes When rotating generate a circle of radius Rt, further including six articulated (22) Filed: Jan. 8, 2013 de?ector vanes that grab and concentrate the How of air or

(30) Foreign Application Priority Data liquid entering the rotor vanes, from the Wind or liquid current entry side to the turbine and diffuse the How of air or liquid

Jul. 19, 2012 (AR) ............................ .. P12 01 02619 exiting from the rotor vanes, from the side opposite to the Oct. 15, 2012 (AR) ............................ .. P12 01 03837 Wind or liquid entry side to the turbine.

VERTICAL AXIS WIND

TURBINE WITH FLOW CONTROL

if“ GATE

LEVEL WELL aw TELESCOPIC PISTONS

\ A

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

FOR RAISING OR LOWERING THE

VERTICAL AXIS WIND



FIGURE 1


FIGURE 1 '


FIGURE 2


FIGURE 2 '


FIGURE 3


FIGURE 4


FIGURE 5


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FIGURE 9


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FIGURE 11

% VERTICAL AXIS WIND

I TURBINE WITH FLOW CONTROL

LEVEL if! ..... H D’ 5

WELL a——w% J1 “““ " TELESCOPIC PISTONS

a f \

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

FOR RAISING OR LOWERING THE

VERTICAL AXIS WIND



FIGURE 12

US 20140054895Al


STEEL (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 27, 2014

(54) WINDTRACKER TWIN-TURBINE SYSTEM Publication Classi?cation

(76) Inventor: Dennis Patrick STEEL, Moers (DE) (51) Illt- Cl H02K 7/18 (2006.01)

(21) Appl. No.: 13/990,043 (52) US. Cl. CPC .................................. .. H02K 7/1823 (2013.01)

(22) PCT Filed: Dec. 3, 2011 USPC .......................................................... .. 290/54

(86) PCT No.: PCT/EP2011/006062 (57) ABSTRACT

§ 371 (c)(1), A turbine system for Wind and/or Water poWer is character (2), (4) Date: Jun. 18, 2013 iZed in that tWo radial turbines (1, 2) aligned next to each other

and in parallel are arranged having a vertical axis of rotation, (30) Foreign Application Priority Data said radial turbines being connected to each other and being

pivotable about a pivot axis (3) parallel to the turbine axes Dec. 13, 2010 (DE) .................... .. 10 2010 054 365.9 (18), wherein the pivot axis and a V-shaped Wind distributor Feb. 2, 2011 (DE) .................... .. 10 2011 010 177.2 (3) are located outside the connecting line between the tur Aug. 3, 2011 (DE) .................... .. 10 2011 109 217.3 bine axes and both on the same side of the connecting line.


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US 20140375060A1


Lin et a]. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 25, 2014

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE (52) US. Cl. CPC .............. .. F 03D 3/005 (2013.01); F 03D 9/002

(71) ApplicantszChun-Shuan Lin, Zhubei (TW); (2013.01) Jung-Hsi Su, Zhubei (TW) USPC .......................................................... .. 290/55

(72) Inventors: Chun-Shuan Lin, Zhubei (TW); (57) _ _ _ ABSTRACT _ _ Jung_Hsi s“, Zhubei (TW) vertlcal ax1s Wmd turbine mcludes a W1nd guide module

mstalled at the perlphery of a vane module for tummg ax1ally, and a magnetic ?eld module and a coil module installed at the

(21) Appl. No.: 13/924,915 periphery of a turntable of the vane module for generating induced electromotive forces, such that When the vane mod

_ ule is rotated by the action of air current, the magnetic ?eld (22) Flledi Jun- 24: 2013 module is driven to rotate a coil of the coil module generates

an electric current by the magnetic induction of the magnetic element of the magnetic ?eld module. In particular, the Whole

Pllblication ClaSSi?catiOIl vertical axis power generator can guide and concentrate the surrounding air current at ?aps of the vane module by the

(51) Illt- Cl- action of the Wind guide module, so that the vane module is F 03D 3/00 (2006.01) capable of starting an operation easily, providing a high oper F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) ating performance, and featuring an easy manufacture.


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Nov. 30, 1943. ‘M. l. TOPALOV 2,335,817 STREAM MOTOR

Filed Jan. 29, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l

_ INVEXTOR.

MIC/MEL 1'. TOP/9L0 V

8 Y HIS ATTORNEY '

NOV. 30, ‘1943. M, l. TQPALQV ‘ ‘2,335,817 STREAM MOTOR

Filed Jan, 29, 1940 ‘ 2 Sheets-Sheet 2

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INVENTOR. MICHAEL I. TOP/HOV

BY 31.M HIS ATTORNEY

Nov. 18, 1947. R, DU BRlE 2,431,111 WIND MOTOR

Filed Dec. 16'. 1943

June 6, 1950 c. H. JOHNSON 2,510,501 WIND TURBINE '

Filed July 22, 1946 r 2 Sheets-Sheet 1

Inventor

Carl H. Johnson

. , . -

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C. H. vJOHNSON June 6, 1950 2,510,501 WIND TURBINE

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 l Filed July 22, 1946

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Carl Johnson

B )1 QM and WW 1? M518];

2 Sheets-.Sheet 1. (Ño Model.) . ' - M. COLONEY.

WIND BOWER MACHINE.

,085 .260 No Patented June 2‘7, 1882.`

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wim) ~ÍïOWBR MACHINE. _

, 1882.` Patented June 27 'N0. 260,085.v

N, PETERS, Phalo-uxhngmphor. washington, D. c.

3,371,718 March 5, 1968 H. s. BACON

ROTARY JET REACTION MOTORS

2 Sheets-Sheet l_ Filed Sept. 7, 1966.

INVENTOR. f/zf'A/A’V .5: EACH/V

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ROTARY JET REACTION MOTORS

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 7, 1966

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United States Patent 1191 1111 3,743,848 Strickland [45] July 3, 1973

[54] WIND DRIVEN POWER PRODUCING 1,782,280 11/1930 Willenbring .................... .. 290/55 X APPARATUS 1,369,596 2/1921 Yanacopoulos .................... .. 290/44

1,423,514 7/1922 Butusou .......................... ,. 290/55 X [76] Inventor: Nathaniel Strickland. 1105 Ortega 1.633.460 6/1927 Silvestrin ......................... .. 299/55

SL, Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220 1,654,165 12/1927 Felt . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55 X

. 1,930,390 10/1933 Jacobs ..... _. 290/55 X 122] Flledl F°b~ 25’ 1972 1,212,109 9/1917 Rodwick. ......... .. 290/55 x

[21] App|_ N0’: 2‘6,346 2,329,675 9/1943 Albers ............................. .. 290/44 X

7 Primary Examiner-G. R, Simmons [52] US. Cl. ................................... 1. 290/55, 290/44 [51] Int. Cl. ............................................ .. F031;! 9/00 [58] Field of Search ................. .. 290/50, 55, 54, 42, [57] ABSTRACT

290/43, 44 A device for generating electric current by the force of the wind. This device consists primarily of a turntable

[56] References Cited with arm and ,vane means for transferring the force of UNITED STATES PATENTS the wind to rotate a generator.

1,181,988 5/1916 Breitung ............................. .. 290/50 4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures

‘26,

Z6

Z3

United States Patent H91 Magoveny et al.

[541 HORIZONTAL MULTIDIRECTIONAL TURBINE WlNDMlLL

[75] Inventors: George S. Magoveny; Eric J. Forgo, both of North Haven, Conn.

[73] Assignee: Windsunwatt, Inc., New Haven, Conn.

[22] Filed: June 24, 1974

[21] Appl. No.: 482,355

[52] 1.1.8. Cl. ............... .. 415/141; 415/4‘, 416/136 A [51] Int. Cl.2 ...................... .. F011) 7/00;FO1D 7/02 [58] Field of Search ............. .. 415/2, 3, 4, 141, 140,

415/30; 290/44, 55; 416/186 A

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS

87,585 3/1869 Mewlin ............................. .. 415/141

1,811,185 8/1876 Lambeth.... ................ .. 415/141

1,954,811 4/1934 Gunn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/186 A

2,337,861 12/1943 Adamtchik 415/141 2,351,516 6/1944 Jandasek ...... .. 415/141

2.719.000 9/1955 Thevenaz .......................... .. 415/141

FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATiONS [00,913 9/1925 Austria ............................. .. 415/141

[111 3,938,907 [451- Feb. 17, 1976

593,840 6/1925 France .................................. ., 415/2

Primary E.\‘aminer-—Henry F. Raduazo Attorney, Agent, or Firm—DeLio and Montgomery

[57] ABSTRACT A horizontal multidirectional turbine windmill com prising a housing having apertures on all sides for in gress and egress of air and a rotor on a drive shaft within the housing, each aperture being the larger end of a funnel-shaped passage, the smaller ends of said passages being positioned to deliver air at relatively high velocities against the rotor buckets, the air enter ing the housing through one or more apertures on the windward side thereof and being exhausted through apertures on the leeward side. The housing is prefera bly so shaped that ambient air impinging on the hous ing surface without entering an aperture will flow around the housing and create a low pressure zone ad jacent the exhaust funnel apertures, and the housing is also preferably so shaped that a plurality of units can be stacked vertically with their drive shafts coupled together. The rotor buckets are ?exible and their pro~ ?les are varied automatically as a function of wind and rotational speed.

2 Claims, 14 Drawing Figures

U.S. Patent Feb. 17, 1976 Sheet 1 013 3,938,907

US. Patent Feb. 17, 1976 Sheet 2 of 3 3,938,907

US. Patent Feb. 17, 1976 Sheet 3of 3 3,938,907

’ E 95 7 95 // *» 9r

// J05 '/

United States Patent [191 Bogie

[111 3,994,621 [45] Nov. 30, 1976

[54] WINDMILL

[76] Inventor: Townsend Bogie, 1151 Hoyt Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. 46203

[22] Filed: July 9, 1975

[21] Appl. No.: 594,221

[52] US. Cl .................................... .. 415/186; 415/2 [51] Int. Cl.2 .......................................... .. F0313 3/18

[58] Field of Search .................................. .. 4l5/2—4,

4l5/183,'185, 186, 202, 203, 211

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS

578,759 3/1897 McElroy ........................... .. 415/186

1,062,099 5/1913 Hoglund 415/202 1,234,405 7/1917 Solomon.... ...... .. 415/3

1,441,774 l/l923 Adams ........ .. 415/4

1,503,061 7/1924 Pendergast ...... .. 415/4 2,096,119 10/1937 Lensch et al. 415/4 2,431,111 11/1947 Dubrie .................................. .. 415/4

FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS

25,009 3/1920 France .................................. .. 415/2

545,003 7/1922 France... 415/2 576,980 5/1924 France ..... .. 415/2

729,533 12/1942 Germany 415/4 169,733 9/1921 United Kingdom ................... .. 415/2

Primary Examiner--C. J. l-lusar Attorney, Agent, or F irm—.1enkins, Hanley & Coffey

[57] ABSTRACT A windmill comprising a generally cylindrically shaped housing having a vertical axis, a vertical shaft concen trically disposed in the housing and a rotor ?xedly at tached to the shaft and comprising a plurality of equally peripherally spaced, vertically extending trough-shaped wind scoops. Each scoop has a closed back surface with vertically extending leading and fol lowing edges and a vertically extending open front ex posed to the wind. Each ‘scoop is attached at its edges to the adjacent scoops ‘to form a generally cylindrical scoop assembly. The housing comprises a plurality of equally peripherally spaced apart stationary wind directing and concentrating vanes, each vane having a proximal end forming a cylindrical surface substan tially concentric with the axis of rotation of the scoop assembly, the cylindrical surfaces and the scoop as sembly being of substantially equal diameter for closely spacing the scoop assembly and vanes, and each of the vanes projecting outwardly generally tan gentially from the cylindrical surfaces of the proximal ends of thevanes and scoop assembly. The length of the arc of the cylinder formed by the proximal end of each vane exceeds the/length of the arc of the cylinder described by the open front of each of the wind scoops for preventing the escape of air impinging upon the inner surfaces of the scoops from between the scoop and the proximal end of the stationary vane.

10 Claims, 8* Drawing Figures

3,994,621 ~ Sheet 1 of 2 US. Patent Nov. 30, 1976

US. Patent Nov. 30, 1976 Sheet2 of2 3,994,621

_ Q

United States Patent [191 [111 3,995,170 G‘raybill [45] Nov. 30, 1976

[54]. WIND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE 2,633,921 4/1953 Monney .............................. .. 290/55 " '- _ , , 3,743,848 7/1973 Strickland . . . . . . _ . . .. 290/55

[76] Invent“ rll'bfgstybsllglg-zo- BOX 396’ 3,793,530 2/1974 Carter ................................. .. 290/55

[22] Filed: Feb. 26, 1975 Primary Examiner—-Robert S. Macon [211 App] No _ 553 255 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wells, St. John & Roberts

. .. ,

57 ABSTRACT [52] US. Cl ................................... .. 290/55; 290/44; [ . . . .

v 3 60/398 A Wll'ld energy conversion device for converting direc

[51] Int GL2 F031) 3/00_ H021, 9 l0 4 tional wind force to torque along on a vertical rota [58] Fieid of """""" "f - 290/55’ 54 53 42 tional axis. The device includes a plurality of ?exible

""""""""" " 290/43’ 44: 602398’ vanes mounted to a framework for rotation therewith ’ ’ about a vertical axis. The vanes are mounted to up

[56] Reierences Cited right posts on the framework. Axial vane side edges " extend to opposite radial sides of the posts and are ' UNITED STATES PATENTS connected in a speci?c manner‘ to the frame in order 704,507 7/1902 BI‘III'l?ElU .............................. .. 290/55 to produce a positive effect on rqta?on of the device

l2; gallsblllfy - . - - - - ~ ~ - - ~ - ~ - ~~ in a prescribed direction, in response to wind currents. , . , avomus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._

2,431,111 ll/l947 Du Brie .............................. .. 290/55 10 Claims, 5 Drawing" Figures

‘U.S. Patent Nov.30, 1976 Sheet10f2 3,995,170

FIG 2

U.S. Patent Nov. 30, 1976 Sheet 2 012 3,995,170

FIG/3

111111 1 11"

57

as "?ll 1 1 #58111 391 1 ~18 1

\ I I \ 11111 I W 1

‘35/ 15/ 28/ J {37 ‘v4 L20 25 9:53

United States Patent H9, H1, 4,004,861 Soules {45] Jan. 25, 1977

[54] WIND DRIVEN PRIME MOVER 264.219 1/1927 United Kingdom ............... .. 416/41 I . ‘ 270.1158 5/1927 United Kingdom ............ .. 416/119

[76] Invent“ afar‘ soules’ 37 Kmgsdale AW" 304,514 1/1929 United Kingdom ........... .. 416/119 wlllowdale, Ontario, Canada, M2N

_ 3W3 Primary Examiner—Everette A. Powell, Jr. [22] Filed: June 13, 1975 Attorney, Agent, or Firm~—George H. Riches

[21] Appl. No.: 586,541 [52] us. Cl. ............................... .. 416/41; 416/1 19; [57] ABSTRACT

416/140 A wind driven prime mover which is driven by a plural» [51] Int. Cl.2 ......................................... .. F03D 7/06 ity of arcuately shaped wind vanes pivotally mounted [58] Field of Search ............ .. 416/41, 42, 119, 140, on a rotatable turntable. The wind vanes are pivotally

416/197, 197 A. 9, 14, 17, 32, 37; 415/141, 2 mounted on the turntable with their pivot axle disposed [56] References Cited in a vertical plane. The pivots are positioned adjacent

the periphery of the turntable, with the pivots being UNXTED STATES PATENTS spaced equidistant from each other and equi-distant

1399‘] 5‘ 4/19“; Ebert ___________________________ H 416/] 19 X from the axis of rotation of the turntable. The bottoms 134L045 5/1920 Currey ___ __ 416/197 A of the vanes are areuately shaped, with the length of the 3,093,194 6/1963 Rusconi .. .... .. 416/119 X ‘are being slightly longer than the space between the 3,942,909 3/1976 Yengst ......................... .. 416/119 X pivots so that there is an overlap between adjacent

FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS

24,121 35,860

701.036

10/1936 3/1930 3/1931

Australia ......................... .. 416/119

France ......................... .. 416/197 A

France ......................... .. 416/197 A

vanes. The convex surface of the vanes face outwardly to provide a concave inner surface.


U.S. Patent Jan. 25, 1977 Sheet 1 of2 4,004,861

United- States Patent 1191 [11] 4,048,947 Sicard [45] Sept. 20, 1977

[54] ROTARY DEVICE DRIVEN BY A 'MOVIN 1,524,712 2/1925 Hurd .................................. .. 416/119 FLUID _ 1,650,702 11/1927 Folmer ...... .. 115/3

1,654,165 12/1927 Felt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

[76] Inventor: Charles Andre Sicard, 29 rue 3,212,470 10/1965 Wiggin ...... .. 115/3 Dierville, 6211 Bucquoy, France 3,743,848 7/ 1973 Strickland .......................... .. 416/119

[21] App]. No.: 650,742 Primary Examiner-—Trygve M. Blix ‘. Assistant Examiner—Stuart M. Goldstein

[22] Flled: Jan‘ 20’ 1976 ' . Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Finnegan, Henderson, [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Farabow & Garrett

Jan. 22, 1975 France .............................. .. 75.01907 [57] ABSTRACT

[51] Int. C1.2 ........................................... .. 8631! 13/00 A rotary device driven by a moving fluid, such as water [52] US. Cl. ..................................... .. 115/3; 180/2 A; or air, for generating a rotary movement comprises a

290/55; 416/119; 416/240 cylindrical or frusto-c'onical rotor having a vertical axis, [58] Field of Search ............. .. 416/111, 119, 139, 240; the rotor having a plurality of identical blades distrib

180/2, 7; 115/3; 290/55 uted around the periphery of the rotor, each blade hav _ ing a symmetrical‘ aerodynamic pro?le and being

[56] References Clted mounted so as to freely rotate about a substantially U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS vertical axis parallel to its leading edge. The device may

247,266 9/1881 Miller, Jr. .......................... .. 416/119 be used to WW"? screw drive“ ‘mat’ a wheeled vehi' 279,066 6/1883 Witherspoon . .... .. 416/119 C16 °r “her machmery

535,120 3/1895 Norberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/119 ' ‘

1,024,066 4/1912 Fletcher ................................. .. 180/2 13 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures

/

7 ‘ 7 13 13 o

/ ,

D ' I

I o ‘

/ ,,

9 - 13

4 / / o 9 13

' U.S. Patent Sept. 20, 1977 Sheet 1 of3 4,048,947

US. Patent Sept. 20, 1977 Sheet 3 of3 4,048,947

3) b3) 35

32

36 35

United States Patent [19] Lebost

[11] 4,057,270 [45] Nov. 8, 1977

[54] FLUID TURBINE

Barry Alan Lebost, 3224 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY. 10468

[21] Appl. N0.: 565,025

[76] Inventor:

[22] Filed: Apr. 3, 1975

[51] Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 1/02 [52] US. Cl. ...................................... .. 290/ 54; 290/42;

290/44; 290/ 53; 290/55 [58] Field of Search ..................... .. 290/42, 43, 44, 53,

290/ 54, 55

[56] References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

1,504,085 8/1924 Birrell .................................. .. 290/44

1,677,745 7/1928 Bonneto .. 290/55 1,936,233 11/1933 Groves 290/55 3,513,326 5/1970 Potts 290/55 3,697,765 10/1972 Carini .. 290/55 3,720,840 3/1973 Gregg 290/44 3,740,565 6/1973 Wesley ................................. .. 290/55

Primary Examiner—Robert S. Macon Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Allen D. Brufsky

[57] ABSTRACT A turbine for generating electric power when exposed

to a ?uid source, such as a liquid or gaseous current. The turbine has two substantially annular rotor hous ings spaced in parallel, horizontal planes. Each housing is provided with a plurality of radially extending blades which are connected to coaxial shafts. One of the shafts is connected to the ?eld windings of an electric genera tor while the other shaft is connected to the armature windings. The radial blades in each rotor housing when exposed to the liquid or gaseous current rotate in oppo site directions causing the ?eld and armature windings of the generator to rotate in opposite directions to in crease the power output of the generator. Fluid scoops are located at the entrance to each housing to accelerate the ?uid current and deliver it to curved stator blades which form a series of ?uid jets which further acceler ate the incoming ?uid and bend the ?uid so as to direct it to impinge on the radial rotor blades in a direction providing increased starting torque while also increas ing the effective force of the ?uid. Thisincreased effec tive force is added to the internal force of the ?uid once operation is commenced so that the scoops and stator blades insure power output in light ?uid currents and multiply power output in heavy currents.

.45 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures

Sheet 1 of 3 4,057,270 US. Patent Nov. 8, 1977

US. Patent Nov. 8, 1977

Z4

20

Sheet 2 of 3 4,057,270

US. Patent Nov. 8, 1977 Sheet 3 of3 4,057,270

I

United States Patent [191 [11] 4,115,027 Thomas [45] Sep. 19, 1978

[54] VERTICAL WINDMILL 544,922 8/1895 Lundquist .......................... .. 416/119

. 2,625,929 1/1953 Love et al. [76] Inventon Robert Nmn Thqm?s, 80 Lmcoln 4,012,163 3/1977 Baumgartner ......................... .. 415/2

Dr" Venmm’ Cahf' 93003 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS [21] Appl. No.: 758,022

_ 32,996 10/1922 Denmark ................................... .. 415/4

[22] Flled: Jan. 7, 1977 169,358 9/1921 United Kingdom ................... .. 126/247

. . Primary Examiner-C. J. Husar Related U'S' Apphcahon Data Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Lyon & Lyon

63 Continuatio -i - art of Ser. No. 649,827, Jan. 16, 1976, [ 1 abandoned. n n p [57] ABSTRACT

‘ An omnidirectional windmill em 10 in lift t e air 51 Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 7 06 p y g yp E52} U.S. c1. ...................................... .. 415/2; 126/2/47- foils mounted abm" a vertiwl axis- The Windmill i“

29o/55; 415/183; 415/123’ cludes a support frame which de?nes the vertically [58] Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-5, oriented axis about which the elongate ail'foils rotate

415/18’ 123’ 151, 159, 208, 183', 135, 216; Five vertically oriented stators are positioned out 416/9-14, 119; 126/247; 122/26; 290/43, 44, wardly of the airfoils about the windmill to form an

I 54, 55 omnidirectional diffuser. These stators extend radially 56 R f Cited from the vertical axis to substantially enhance the ef?

[ I e erences ciency of the windmill. The stators also make the wind U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS mill self-starting. A friction heater is also disclosed in

250,806 12/1881 Hamel .................................... .. 415/2 ass°ciati°n with the Windmill

372,300 11/1887 Chubbuck - 387,424 8/1888 Koeppe .................................. .. 415/4 8 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures

vU.S. Patent Sept. 19, 1978 4,115,027

United States Patent [191 Tackett

[11] - 4,118,637

[45] Oct. 3, 1978

[54] INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEM

[75] Inventor: Louis Eugene Tackett, Grandview, Tex.

UNEP3 Energy Systems Inc., Grandview, Tex.

[21] Appl. No.: 728,064 [22] Filed: Sep. 30, 1976

[73] Assignee:


[63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 579,131, May 20, 1975, abandoned.

[51] Int. Cl.2 ............................................. .. H02P 9/04

[52] US. Cl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55; 60/398

[58] Field of Search ................... .. 290/1, 4, 44, 43, 54, 290/55; 60/398, 413, 415; 417/336, 382

[56] References Cited

U.S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS

874,140 12/1907 Valiquet ............. .._ ................ .. 60/ 398

943,000 l2/ 1909 Busby ..... ._ ..

2,539,862 1/1951 Rushing 3,996,741 12/ 1976 Herberg ..... .. ..

4,004,427 1/1977 Butler, Jr. ............................ .. 60/ 398

Primary Examiner—Robert K. Schaefer Assistant Examiner—.lohn W. Redman Attorney, Agent, or Firm—James L. Bean

[57] ABSTRACT This invention is a multiple diverse energy source

driven energy integration and multiple use-point sys tem: which includes system air pressure compensated variable pressure and volume delivery of compressed air from multiple air compression stations which dis charge and store compressed air into an included inter connecting collection storage and distribution conduit multiple module grid system; of largest needed and commercially available size pipe to keep the pressure drop to a minimum, and from which the compressed air is withdrawn at multiple points of need; when and as needed, through synchronized dual-precision-controls to turn, at optimum RPM speed regardless of varying work loads, air motor drives for operation of conven tional electrical generating equipment with varying customer-use-demand output work loads. The conduit pipe systems are arranged in interconnecting, but isola-, ble, multiple module grids ranging in size from those needed, for example, for a small town or a large individ ual user of electricity to large metropolitan areas and which may ultimately be interconnected into a large regional, national, or continental system. Natural en ergy sources including wind, tide, wave, thermal and solar power, as well as conventional fuels, may be uti lized to provide the energy required to drive compres sors to supply the air into the system. An improved wind turbine is included for the recovery and use of wind-power for compressing air on a vast scale in multi ple installations.


U.S. Pateht Oct. 3, 1978 I Sheet10f13 4,118,637

FIGZ

US. Patent 05:. 3, 1978 Sheet 2 of 13 4,118,637

H63

9% Ln, 16, I8

5 5 5 5 5 5 <5 5 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 5 <5 <5 563“: II ‘ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9@_ 28°-30'

22

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99‘199999‘P999999‘P999

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my’; 15/;

T23 24 ,7 Cbvs

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5 <5 <5 <5 5 <5 <5 <5 5 <5 <5 <5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5@“{ 99 9 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9C} 55555555555555555555 V 99999999999999999999

99999999999999999999

0190 0190 0190 0190 010 0190 010 0110 010 0110 0190 0110 0190 0190 010 0190 0190 0190 0190 0190 010 0110 0190 0190 0190 0190 01.0 0190 010 0190 0190 0190. 0190 0010 010 0190 010 90 0190 M10

00000600000000000000® 00000000000000000000 99999999999999999999

H [1444f] H [1444!1 TI n m444|1 H

US. Patent Oct. 3, 1978 Sheet 3 of 13 4,118,637

FIG?

FIG.25


Fm. IO

US. Patent 0a. 3, 1978

I24

I23

I22 F5

Sheet 7 of 13

FIG. H

26%

4,118,637

{87 -

J53


FIG. l2

U.S. Patent Oct. 3, 1978 Sheet 9 of 13 4,118,637

US. Patent 0111.3, 1978 Sheet 11 of 13 4,118,637

h_ .Qfn


09 k

United States Patent [191 Ewers

[11] 4,134,707 [45] Jan. 16, 1979

[54] WIND TURBINE APPARATUS

[76] Inventor: Marion H. Ewers, PO. Box 526, La Veta, Colo. 81055

[21] Appl. No.: 791,100 [22] Filed: Apr. 26, 1977

[51] Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 7/00 [52] US. CL ................... .. 415/4; 290/55 [58] Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-4.

415/60; 290/54, 55 [56] References Cited

’ U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

1,640,269 8/1927 Ellison .......... .. 415/2 1,810,113 6/1931 Schlotzhauer .. 415/2 1,974,008 9/1934 Biehn ............. .. 415/2 2,032,651 3/1936 Donovan 415/2 2,059,356 11/1936 James .... .. 415/2

2,431,111 11/1947 Dubrie ................................... .. 415/2

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 535624 10/1931 Fed. Rep. of Germany ..; ......... .. 415/2

2405767 8/1975 Fed. Rep. of Germany 415/3 513279 2/1955 Italy ........................................... .. 415/2

Primary Examiner-C. J. Husar V Attorney, Agent. or Firm-Charles E. 4

[57] ABSTRACT The Speci?cation discloses a segmented wind turbine

which can be added to incrementally to increase the driving force and power generation of the machine. By this means the smaller diameter rotors that are more easily handled and that put the minimum of stress on the wind turbine apparatus can be used in series to achieve the power output desired. Each segment has a venturi means incorporated into the elements of the apparatus to enhance the apparent wind speed. Also disclosed are novel means for operatively supporting the moving parts of the apparatus.

In a preferred embodiment an exoskeletal frame is made in segments that can be stacked one upon the other. Each segment of frame has arms which converge in wardly toward the axial center of the apparatus. There a hoop connects the ends of the inwardly converging arms and de?nes an axial aperture. Inside this axial aperture a segment of drive shaft and a concentric collar are supported by thrust bearings which are in turn sup ported by the concentric hoop attached to the arms of the frame. Each set of arms and the associated bearings support the drive shaft, a rotor on the drive shaft, and a wind shield surrounding the rotor immediately above the arms. The wind shield is of a novel structure, having two spaced side walls which de?ne openings for receiv ing wind through the rotors and discharging the wind. One of the walls forms a venturi with the rotor.


US. Patent Jan. 16, 1979 Sheet 1 of 3

22

4,134,707

US. Patent Jan. 16, 1979 Sheet 2 01-‘3 4,134,707

42

39

40

12

49

44

12

as»


32 31 55

37

43

37

50

United States Patent [19] [11] 4,143,992 Crook - - ' [45] Mar. 13, 1979

[54] WIND OPERATED POWER GENERATOR 1,851,513 3/1932 Holmstrom ............................ .. 415/2 ' I . 2,517,135 8/1950 Rudisill ........ .. 4l6/DIG. 4

176] Invenwn Charles W- Crook, Rte- 1. Box 35. 2,701,526 2/1955 Rotkin . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/500

Earle, Ark. 72331 ' 4,021,135 5/1977 Pedersen ............................ .. 415/209

[21] App]. No.: 855,912 Primary Examiner-C. J. Husar . Attorney, Agent. or Firm-Clarence A. O’Brien' Harvey

[22] Filed: Nov. 29, 1977 B J ’ . acobson

[51] Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 7/00 [52] us. 01. ......................... .._. ............ .. 415/2; 290/55; [57] ABSIRACT

416/D1G_ 4 A convergent intake duct has a radial out?ow opening [58] Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-4, through which air accelerated in the duct impinges 0"

415/203; 290/44, 55; 416/1313 4 airfoil shaped vanes to induce rotation of the rotor on . which the vanes ‘are mounted. The duct is formed inter

[56] References cued nally of a tubular airfoil body so that the low pressure U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS region formed on the trailing edge portion of the exter

. nal airfoil surface increases the pressure differential 1 across the vanes in the radial direction of out?ow of the 1,313,457 8/1919 Bowman ................... .. 416/168 “11' fmm the duct: 1,329,668 ' 2/1920 Lee ........... .. 416/185

1,433,995 10/1922 Fousle .................................... .. 415/2 14 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures

US. Patent Mar. 13, 1979 Sheet 1 of2

US. Patent Mar. 13, 1979 Sheet 2 of2 4,143,992

72 Fig.3

70

68

28

32

Fig.4

United States Patent [19] Pub]

[11] 4,156,580 [45] May 29, 1979

[54] WIND-TURBINES [76] Inventor: Lothar L. P0111, Toronto Dominion

Centre, Ste. 3800-Cermak, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[21] Appl. No.: 825,860 [22] Filed: Aug. 18, 1977

[51] Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 3/02 [52] U.S. Cl. ........................................ .. 415/2; 415/60;

290/55; 416/197 A [58] Field of Search ............... .. 415/2, 3, 4, 60, 213 R;

416/DIG. 4, 197 A; 290/43, 44, 54, 55


839,312 12/1906 Neumann ....................... .. 415/213 R 2,335,817 11/1943 Topalou ..... .. 416/197 A 2,431,111 11/1947 Du Brie ...... .. .. 416/197 A

2,812,823 "/1957 De Ouiedo .................... .. 416/197 A

I

1 2 I I, v IIIII'II.

3,203,182 8/1965 Pohl ................................... .. 415/202

3,732,032 5/1973 Dawee] .......................... .. 415/213 R

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

384349 IV 1923 Fed. Rep. of Germany ............ .. 415/2 810500 8/1951 Fed. Rep. of Germany ..... .. 4'15/2

2451751 5/1976 Fed. Rep. of Germany ..... .. 415/2 973968 2/1951 France ................................. .. 415/60

2300235 10/1976 France ............................... .. 415/2

412772 2/ 1946 Italy ........................................... .. 415/4

Primary Examiner-C. J. Husar

[57] ABSTRACT The invention relates to an energy conversion system for converting kinetic energy possessed by the wind into mechanical energy, using a particular compact design for vertical axis rotors in combination with a specially adapted tower structure.


US. Patent May29, 1979 Sheet 1 of2 4,156,580

FIG-'7 v I F/G.3

0 United States Patent [191 [11] 4,180,367 Drees [45] Dec. 25, 1979

[54] SELF-STARTING WINDMILL ENERGY 860930 12/1952 Fed. Rep. of Germany ......... .. 416/119 CONVERSION SYSTEM 892130 10/ 1953 Fed. Rep. of Germany 416/119

, 2051579 4/1972 Fed. Rep. of Germany 416/119

[76] Invenw? 1135;101:111;I M- 18523? Box-7, Marstons 502616 5/1920 France ................. .. 416/111 1 s, ass. 530231 12/1921 France 416/135

_ 701036 3/1931 France 416/139 [21] APPl- N°~ 5481435 822092 12/1937 France ..... .. 416/111 [22] Filed: Feb. 10, 1975 929721 1/1948 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..‘416/52

264219 1/1927 United Kingdom .. 416/111

[51] Int. C1.2 .............................................. .. F03D 3/06 296736 9/1928 United Kingdom .... .. 416/108 52] US. Cl. ......................... .. 416/119’ 416/140 319963 10/1929 United Kingdom .... .. 416/116 9 _ _ .

[58] Field of Search ............... .. 416/41, 108, 109, 111, 301091 V1930 Umted Kl?gdom - 416/ 119

416/116, 119’ 135’ 139’ 140 150066 2/1962 U.S.S.R. .................................. .. 416/41

[56] References Cited Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell, J r. Us. PATENT DOCUMENTS Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert F. O’Connell

177,057 5/1876 Bowes .................... .. .......... .. 416/119 [57] ABSTRAQT

1,139,103 5/1915 Glade “6/ 119 A wind turbine apparatus in which a plurality of wind 1,190,629 7/1916 Clade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/108 . 1,430,406 9/1922 Schulthes et a1. 416/119 x re§p°nslYe elements are “mvably mumed, such “,by 1,618,549 2/1927 O’Toole ......... .. 416/111 belng Plvotally mounted, on a movable means whlch 1,639,908 8/1927 Strandgren . 416/109 produces rotary motion. The ositions of the wind re I P

1,753,252 4/1930 Strandgren . 416/108 sponsive elements are arranged to provide a drag force

1g; ------ - on at least one of the elements in response to the wind

1:880:302 10/1932 Lammereii"; 416/109 wi‘en the speed of Mary mum‘ is. bel°w a pridfa'ier' 1,885,640 "/1932 Strandgren 416 A08 mined level so as to produce a starting force to initiate 2,044,794 6/1936 Kisevalter 416/118 and maintain the rotary motion. When the speed of the 2,413,460 12/1946 Main .............. .. 416/116 X rotary motion exceeds such predetermined level the 3,332,931 5/1968 Pontcarral et a1. .. 416/116 X positions of such wind responsive elements are such that

5951901998 ------ - ; a lift force is provided thereon in response to the wind

’ ' .a‘ Cy "" " so that the rotary motion can achieve speeds which are 4,048,947 9/1977 SICard .... .. . 416/ 119 X . . . . considerably higher than those achieved by the startmg 4,052,134 10/1977 Rumsey .............................. .. 416/ 119 f

orce.

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 24121 10/ 1936 Australia ................... ..- ........... .. 416/119 15 Claims, 24 Drawing Figures

‘—'- WIND

GROUND OPERATING PHASE

US. Patent Dec. 25, 1979 Sheet 1 of 7 4,180,367

R ETREATI N G SECTG R

ADVANCING SECTOR

GROUND

STARTING PHASE

FIGZ)

GROUND OPERATING PHASE

U.S. Patent Dec. 25, 1979 Sheet 2 of7 4,180,367

F|G.6 FIG.6A

GROUND

GROUND

Sheet 3 of 7 4,180,367 US. Patent Dec. 25, 1979

US. Patent Dec. 25, 1979 Sheet4 0f7 4,180,367

OPERATING PHASE


73

74 FIGSIBA

WIND

78

STARTING PHASE

0 PERATI NG PHASE

US. Patent Dec. 25, 1979 Sheet 7 of7 4,180,367

FIG. I5 STARTING PHASE

OPERATING PHASE

all Chen et .

States Patent [191

[54] WIND TURBINE

[76] Inventors: Jimmy M. Chen; Signor Y. Chen; Vincent S. Chen, all of No. 10, 3rd Fl., Alley 20, Lane 125, Chung 12th Rd.,, Shih Lin District, Taipei, Taiwan

[21] Appl. NO.: 906,924 [22] Filed: May 1a, 1978

[51] Int. 01.2 .............................................. .. F03D 3/06 [52] us. 101. .... .. 416/132 B; 416/197 A [58] Field 611 Search .- ...... .. 416/132 B, 240 A, DIG. 6,

416/197 A


Shaw ............................. .. 416/240 A 19,383 215,035 802,144 924,909

1,298,247 3,743,848 3,810,712

2/1858 5/1879 10/1905 6/1909 3/1919 7/1973 5/1974

1111 4,208,168 [45] Jun. 17, 1980

4,047,833 9/1977 Decker ................................... .. 415/2

4,118,637 10/1978 Tackett 416/196 A X 4,134,708 1/1979 Brauser .............................. .. 415/2 X


396368 1/ 1933 United Kingdom ............ .. 416/DIG. 6

Primary Examiner-—Everette A. Powell, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Shoemaker and Mattare, Ltd.

[57] ABSTRACT The present invention is related to an improved wind turbine particularly with the provision of a strength ened network axle pivoted upon an elevated lattice steel tower; and a few upper and lower rotor arms horizon tally ?xed onto said strengthened network axle-re spectively onto upper portion and lower portion thereof; and a few blades which, being V shaped in cross section, are provided between said upper and lower rotor arms; and a transmission mechanism; being thus constructed that wind power is liable to be con verted into mechanical power therefrom.


60 53

54

U.S., Patent Jun.17,1'980 Sheet 1 of5 4,208,168

53 60 FIG. 54

54

‘ 55 55

US” Patent 11111.17, 1980 Sheet2of5 , 4,208,168

FIG.2

U.S., Patent Jun. 17, 1980 Sheet 5 of5 4,208,168

. 7 FIG

.00 . .

United States Patent [191 [11] I 4,218,175

Car enter ' [45] Au . 19 1980 9

[54] WIND TURBINE 4,086,498 4/ 1978 Szoeke ............................... .. 415/2 X 4,087,196 5/1978 Kronmiller .. ...... .. 415/2 A

[76] Invento? Robert D_- Fitment“, 16214 Pasada 4,132,499 1/1979 Igra ............ .. .. 4l5/DIG. 1 x Dn, whlttler, Calif. 90603 4,143,992 3/1979 Crook ................................ .. 415/2 A

[21] Appl- No: 964,344 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS [22] Filed: Nov. 28, 1978 76475 12/1948 Czechoslovakia ....................... .. 415/75

[51] Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 1/04 33383 6/1924 Denmark ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " 415’ 2 A _ 801772 8/1936 France . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/73

_ 416/176 1011132 6/1952 France . . . . . . . . .. 415/2 A

[58] Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-4, 1031023 6/1953 France _ _ , _ . . . . . . . . .. 415/4

415/72, 73, 75; 416/176, 177, 176 A 162999 5/1921 United Kingdo 415/121 A

[56] ' References Cited Primary Examiner-—Everette A. Powell, Jr. U_S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Stuart W. Knight

31,121 l/l86l Holmes .................................. .. 415/2 [57] ABSTRACT 231,253 3/1880 Austin 415/129 . . . . . . 833,184 10/1906 Terzian _____ __ “5/2 A wmd turbine is provided consisting of a cone or the ‘931,077 1/1911 Feldner _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ , _ 415 /2 frustum of a cone, on which are mounted in a more or

1,002,833 9/1911 Giddings 415/2 A less helical fashion, a plurality of blades having a vary l,136,239 6/ 1916 Dale" -_- ---- -~ 415/2 ing pitch angle. The blades are arranged in a manner to

3/ gomemcok - - ‘ - - ~ - ~ - utilize the initial force of the wind and to continue to

1,816,971 8/1931 11211105210 4/l5/75 utilize the diminishing force of the wind after it passes 2:195:902 4/1940 Pezzillo WI: 41'5/72 We‘ the leading end °f the vanes

gllltgl ~ - - - - - - - - - - - -- 4153/92/57: Provided also is a shroud which enhances the wind , , if“ C . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l ‘t ‘tab! ‘ff t t

3,339,078 8/1967 Crompton 415/2 x :2: 52116:“: 2:68 e d1 user augmen er 0 4,021,135 5/1977 Pedersen . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2 1’ P '

4,075,500 2/1978 Oman et a1. .. 415/147 X 4,079,264 3/ l978 Cohen ........................... .. 415/2 A X 3 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures

US. Patent Aug. 19, 1980 Sheet 1 of2 4,218,175

US. Patent Aug. 19,1980 Sheet 2 of2 4,218,175

20

20

£74; 2 20

2/

/20

United States Patent [191 Dall-Winther

[s4] WINDMILL

Dennis P. Dall-Winther, RR. #4, Mason City, Iowa 50401

[21] Appl. No.: 929,254

[76] Inventor:

[22] Filed: Jul. 31, 1978

[51] Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06 [52] US. Cl. .................. .. 416/41; 416/119;

416/132 B [58] Field of Search ......... 416/119, 139 A, 240 A,

416/197 A, 140 R, 142, 37, 41, 42, 132 B,.l35 A, 142 B


247 4/ 1799 Dearborn ........................... .. 416/ 119

19,383 2/1858 Shaw 32,428 5/1861 Maag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/17

105,915 8/1870 Coleman et al. 416/ 119 153,237 7/1874 Candee ......... .. 416/ 41

215,035 5/1879 Alden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/41

242,211 5/1881 McIlvaine .. ......... .. 416/119 X

428,495 5/ 1890 Kittinger ..... .. 416/142 593,170 11/1897 White 416/132 B 842,054 l/ 1907 Barker . .... .. 416/41

928,097 7/1909 Barker 416/119 1,075,060 10/1913 O’Toole .. 416/17 1,266,472 5/1918 Howe .... .. 416/119 X

1,319,766 10/1919 Gracey 416/132 B X 1,469,064 9/ 1923 Zucker 416/ 197 A 1,626,314 4/1927 Tuckey 416/140 X 2,107,690 2/1938 Clark .............................. .. 416/119 X

2,677,344 5/1954 Annis ......................... .. 416/132 B X 3,897,170 7/1975 Darvishian ......................... .. 416/119

[11] 4,218,183 [45] Aug. 19, 1980

4,134,708 l/l979 Brauser et a1. ............. .. 416/132 B X

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 555175 6/1923 France ................................... .. 416/119

' 745869 5/1933 France .. .,

1081481 12/1954 France ..

244147 1/1927 Italy ............... .. 416/119

18482 of 1897 United Kingdom 416/119 21503 of 1904 United Kingdom .. 416/119

1486338 9/ 1977 United Kingdom .................... .. 416/41

. Primary Examiner—Everette A. Powell, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm—-Morton S. Adler

[57] ABSTRACT A multi-vane windmill rotating in a horizontal plane on a vertical shaft includes frame supported fabric type vanes with the frame hingedly attached at one end to support arms to swing closed and catch the wind in one position and to swing open under centrifugal and wind forces in another position when coming into the wind to reduce air resistance. Vanes are releasably attached in part to the frame for support in operating position and otherwise slidably secured thereto so as to release and collapse on the frame under extreme wind pressures when the frame is closed and thus spill the wind. Stops on the support arms provide a limit of movment of the vane frames. A second embodiment of the vanes in cludes two overlapping sections normally held in over lapped or closed position by yielding means that permit the sections to separate under high winds to provide an air passageway through the vane.


'U.S. Patent Aug. 19,1980 Sheet 1 of5 4,218,183

U.S. Patent Aug. 19, 1980 Sheet 2 of5 4,218,183

//6 55

US. Patent Aug. 19, 1980 Sheet 4 of 5 4,218,183

QL

4,218,183 US. Patent Aug. 19, 1980 Sheet 5 of5

United States Patent [191 Ewers

4,245,958 J an. 20, 1901

[ll]

[45]

[54] VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

[76] Inventor: Marion 1'1. Ewers, P.O. Box 526, La Veta, Colo. 81055

[21] Appl. No.: 962,859

[22] Filed: Nov. 22, 1978

[51] llnt. 1131.3 ............................................ .. F031) 11/04 [52] US. Cl. .................................. .. 4116/1197 A; 416/9;

416/124; 415/2 R [58] Field of Search ................. .. 415/2 R; 416/197 A,

416/DIG. 6, 121 A; 52/654, 655


1,521,422 12/1924 Boyd .................................... .. 52/654

1,974,008 9/1934 Biehn .. 415/2 R 2,059,356 11/1936 James 4l6/D1G. 6 X 2,224,851 12/1940 Lea . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/197 A

2,431,111 11/1947 Du Brie ............ .. 415/2 2,436,747 2/1948 Du Brie .. 416/197 A X 2,658,776 11/1953 Wilcox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52/655

3,938,907 2/1976 Magoveny et a1. .. 415/4 X 4,118,637 10/1978 Tackett . 290/55 4,134,707 l/l979 Ewers .................................... .. 415/4


455463 3/1949 Canada .............................. .. 416/197 A

2715919 10/1978 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/121 A 365643 3/1907 France ....................................... .. 416/9

Primary Examiner—-Everette A. Powell, Jr.

[57] ABSTRACT

The disclosure teaches improvements in vertical axis wind turbine apparatus. The improved apparatus has a vertically rising exoskeletal frame which permits modu lar addition of supplemental turbine components to the apparatus. The apparatus is self-supporting, needing no bracing external of the frame, is relatively small and light weight, has vertical standards in the frame, a plu rality of sets of horizontal stretchers integrating the standards and means for bracing the frame elements. The speci?cation teaches the support of the axially disposed drive shaft and associated turbines by means of upwardly and radially inwardly extending arms which distribute the weight of the operating structure to the exoskeletal frame. Non-bearing guide means are pro vided to prevent lateral movement of the shaft and associated turbines. The apparatus may be provided in kit form which can be readily assembled or disassem bled according to need. The guide bearings permit the drive shaft to move verti cally to accommodate longitudinal expansions of the frame.

The turbine is self governing and requires no separate speed governing apparatus, and grossly equalizes pres sures on the tower on the windward and leeward sides.


Jan. 20, 1981 Sheet 1 of 3 4,245,95

U. m Patent Jan. 20, 1981 Sheet 2 of 3 4,245,95

Patent Jan. 20, 1981 Sheet 3 of 3 4,245 H I u h o

Unlted States Patent [191 [11] 4,288,200 O’Hare [45] Sep. 8, 1981

[54] WIND TOWER TURBINE 821930 of 1951 Fed. Rep. of Germany ........ .. 415/2 ‘ 575587 8/1924 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . .. 415/2

[76] lnventor: Louis R. O’Hare, 1041 Ponderosa 900038 6/1945 prance ____ __ 1115/2 Apt- 2, Fort Collins, (3010- 80521 973968 2/1951 France ...... .. 415/60

, 977561 4 1951 France . 416/121 A [21] APPL NO‘ 331195 2286954 471976 France .......................... .. 416/197 A

[22] Filed' Am" 25’ 1979 Primary Examiner-—Everette A. Powell, Jr. [51] Int. CL-l .............................................. .. F03D 3/04 _

[52] 11.5.1131. ...................................... .. 415/2 R; 416/9 [57] ABSTRACT

[58] Field Of Search ................................. .. 415/ 2 R-4; A wind powered turbine drive for an electric generator

416/9 is disclosed in which both the generator and the turbine [56] References Cited driving it are stationary and remain in a ?xed position

Us. PATENT DOCUMENTS irrespective of wind direction. This turbine facilitates electric power generation by wind power in those

1,096,057 5/1914 Rees ...................................... .. 415/2 higher pcwer ranges where the greater generator and 1'674’ 169 ‘5/1928 Flame’ " 416/4 turbine weights otherwise make it difficult and costly to 1,808,874 15/1931 Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2 . .

1,810,113 6/1931 Schlotzhauer I ________ __ 45/2 support and to rotate the generator to face the drlvmg 1'812’741 6/1931 Espinosa ______ N 415/2 wind because this present generator obviates the neces 2,569,983 10/1951 Favre ....... .. 416/4 sity of the generator’s changing direction in that this 3,895,882 7/1975 Moyer .... .. 415/2 present turbine receives wind energy from any direc 3970309 7/1976 Luchuk ---- '~ 415/2 X tion by the use of a weather vane which weathercocks 41084918 ‘V1978 Pavlecka ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ' ' ' ‘ " “5/2 X to rotate a wind inlet to the direction from which the 4,088,419 5/1978 Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2 . . . .

4,156,580 5/1979 P0111 ...................................... .. 415/2 “"“d ‘5 b1°wmg and thereby exposes ‘my the recedmg


497835 112/1950 Belgium ................................ .. 415/4

turbine blades to the force of the incoming wind.


U.S. Patent \Sep. 8, 1981 Sheet 1 of5 4,288,200

5

FIG. I

US. Patent Sep. 8, 1981 Sheet 2 of 5' 4,288,200

22

\ - 25 2 / 24

_2_s

‘m 2

,45

\FIG. 13 4|

' 40

40 ,''O 42 '

FIG. 4

U.S. ‘Patent Sep. 8, 1981 Sheet 3 of5 4,288,200

' FIG.‘ 5

U.S. Patent Sep. 8, 1981 Sheet 4 of5 4,288,200


%

/

United States Patent [19] Gilman

[11] 4,293,274 [45] Oct. 6, 1981

[54] VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE FOR GENERATING USABLE ENERGY

[76] Inventor: Frederick C. Gilman, 4th and Market, Box 395, Osceola, Mo. 64776

[21] Appl.No.: 78,643 [22] Filed: Sep.24, 1979

[51] 1111. (:1.3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06

[52] us. (:1. ...................................... .. 416/51; 416/88; 416/176; 416/197 A

[58] Field of Search ........ .. 416/87, 88, 197 A, 176 A, 416/139 A, 43 A, 44 A, 51 A, DIG. 9, 88


U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

1,697,574 1/1929 Savonius .................. .. 416/197 A X

2,596,726 5/1952 Rydell ...................... .. 416/197 A X


103819 7/1926 Austria ................................ .. 416/87

187865 6/1906 Fed. Rep. of Germany 416/197 A Ad.35860 3/1930 France .......................... .. 416/197 A

1518151 7/1978 United Kingdom ......... .. 416/176 A

Primary Examiner—Everette A. Powell, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Daniel H. Bobis; Norman N. Popper [57] ABSTRACI‘

A wind turbine for converting wind forces into usable ‘ energy has a main shaft rotatably mounted in the axis of rotation for the wind turbine, and a pair of coacting complementary longitudinally extending vane members

are connected to each other by a plurality of support and transmission assemblies in the form of articulated members and to the main or driven shaft for driving engagement thereof. The coacting vane members may either have straight side edges or preferably have spi ralled or helically shaped side edges which in the closed position are aligned and in abutment with each other to de?ne and form a right circular cylinder in side eleva tion. The vanes are movable between a normally open starting position and a closed position to vary the total vane surface available for contact by the wind forces acting at any given time when the wind turbine is in operation. Articulated members of the support and transmission assemblies are pivoted to permit transla tional or side wise movement to and fro of the comple mentary vanes transverse relative to each other and the vertical axis through the main shaft, and pivotal cross members on each of the articulated support and trans mission assemblies are' vertically linked together to simultaneously alter the articulated members during such movement. The respective complementary and cooperating vanes have their weight so distributed that centrifugal forces will act to move the complementary vanes towards the closed or right circular cylindrical form automatically as high rotational speeds result from excessive wind.

Additionally the wind turbine as above described with resilient means to move the coacting cooperating vanes to the normally open starting position.


US. Patent 001. 6, 1981 Sheet 1 of 3 4,293,274

11.1%! - ‘

FIG.|

FIG.,4 F1G.3

US. Patent Oct. 6, 1981 Sheet 2 of3 4,293,274

ill/l | I rumku _

United States Patent [19] [11] 4,303,835 Bair [45] Dec. 1, 1981

[54] WIND POWERED GENERATOR WITH 4,048,947 9/ 1977 Sicard ................................. .. 290/55 CYCLIC AIRFOIL LATCHING 4,050,246 9/1977 Bourquardez .. 290/55

_ . 4,066,911 l/1978 Sarchet ......... .. 290/44

[76] Inventor: Puran Bair, 49 Ell1ot-St., .lamalca 4,113,408 9/1978 Wurtz er a1, 416/17 Plain, Mass. 02.130 4,115,027 9/1978 Thomas ..... .. 290/44

4,129,787 12/1978 Palma 290/55 [21] APPI- NO-= 135,343 I 4,156,580 5/1979 Pohl 290/55 [22] Mar‘ 31, 1980 4,178,126 12/1979 Weed .................................. .. 416/17

[51] 1m. (:1.3 ......................... .. F01D 7/00; F03D 7/06 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS [52] US. Cl. .......... ., .......................... .. 290/55; 290/44; 2807092 2/1978 Fed_ Rep of Germany ______ __ 290/55

416/17; 416/119 2289769 4/1974 France ........................ .. 416/DIG. 5 ' l ..................... .. , , 54, 55; , _ [58] F1? d of Search 4162/91‘) 7/ 413 1 14 4115 119 Primary Exam1ner—J. V. Truhe

’ ’ ’ Assistant Examiner—Shelley Wade

[56] References Cited Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Weingarten, Schurgin & U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

1,075,060 10/1913 O’Toole ........................ .. 416/142 B

2,178,679 11/1939 Claytor . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/44

2,363,827 11/1944 Albers . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/44

2,373,207 4/1945 Touhey . . . . . . . . .. 290/44

2,388,377 11/1945 Albers 290/55 2,542,522 2/1951 Hing's 290/55 2,603,300 7/1952 King .... .. 416/111 2,667,589 l/l954 Levrero 290/55 3,222,533 12/1965 MacKay 290/55 3,730,643 5/1973 Davison 416/17 3,743,848 7/ 1973 Strickland . 290/55 3,793,530 2/1974 Carter .......... ..'. .................... .. 290/55

3,874,816 4/1975 Sweeney et a1. .................. .. 416/139 3,883,750 5/1975 Uzzell, Jr. 290/55 3,895,236 7/1975 Herron .... .. .. 290/55

3,902,072 8/1975 Quinn 290/44 3,942,026 3/1976 Carter 290/55 3,944,839 3/1976 Carter . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

3,995,170 11/1976 Graybill 290/55 4,031,173 6/1977 Rogers ' .... .. 290/55

4,039,848 8/1977 Winderl ...... .. 290/55

4,039,849 8/1977 Mater et a1. ........................ .1 290/55

121

it

Gagnebin

[57] ABSTRACT A wind powered generator rotatable about a vertical axis. A plurality of vertically disposed airfoils are pro vided, the airfoils being rotatable about a vertical axis parallel to the axis of the generator. The airfoils are selectively latched to be disposed perpendicularly of the wind direction during one phase of their revolution about the generator axis and are selectively unlatched to be permitted to rotate into a position generally parallel to the wind direction during other phases of their revo lution. The latching and unlatching of the airfoils is determined by the wind direction and is effected by electronic means which determine the point of latching and'unlatching as a function of the wind direction mea sured by a wind vane. The airfoils may comprise sails composed of a ?exible material stretched into a prede termined shape on aframe.


U.S. Patent Dec. 1, 1981 Sheet 2 of 5 4,303,835

6/

F/G3 58

WIND R0 714R)’ A/RFO/L A/RFO/L A/RFO/L DIRECT/0N ASSEMBLY ENCODER ENCODER ENCODE/P ENCODER ENCODER

' l i ll .s/a/vAL COUPL 5/? |

SIG/VAL SIG/VAL -——> CONVERT- —>COMPUTE/? ——> CONVERT

L s/a/vAL COUPLER I

L-—--->| A/RFO/L SOLENOID I

F IG . 5

U.S. Patent Dec. 1, 1981 Sheet4 of5 4,303,835

222 220

220 222


280

2.97

288 278

.287-_

284 297

F l6. l0

United States P 21161111 [19] {11] 4,309,146‘ Hein et a1. [45] Jan. 5, 1982

[54] AMPLIFIED WIND TURBINE APPARATUS 28797 3/ 1925 France ........................ ,. 415/DIG. S 30331 5/1926 F .... .1 415/3 A

[75] Inventors: Leopold A. Hein, Fayetteville, Tenn.; 343432 7/1939 F222: 416/123 William N. Myers, Huntsville, Ala, 1062631 4/ 1954 France ......... .. .. 415/4 A

_ ‘ , _ 1086320 2/1955 France .................... .1 415/2 A

[731 Asslgnee- The Umted States of A‘Peflca as 1231581 5/1971 United Kingdom ......... .. 415/2 A

i'?prl‘eqsegted 11): the Adtmlmsttt‘iatsor of 1519774 8/1978 United Kingdom ............. .. 415/2 A e a ona eronau 165 an pace

Administration, Washington, DC. OTHER PUBLICATIONS

[21] APPL NO; 129,780 Aoigiagon gNeek issplace Technology Mar. 1, 1976; vol. ; 0. ; . - .

[22] Filed: Mar. 12, 1980 _ pp_ Primary Exammer—-Everette A. Powell, J r.

[51] Int. Cl.3 .............................................. ., F031) l/04 Attorney, Ageng, 0r Firm_J05eph H. Beumer; John R [52] U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. R; 8 Manning; L_ Woffofdy Jr_

[58] Field of Search ....... .. 415/2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 2-4 R, 415 /DIG_ 8 [57] ABSTRACT

[56] References Cited The invention relates to the utilization of wind energy


129,567 7/1872 145,214 12/1873

1,519,447 12/1924 1,545,633 7/1925 3,302,552 2/1967 3,345,931 10/1967 4,017,205 4/1977 4,018,543 4/ 1977 4,070,131 1/ 1978 4,154,556 5/1979 4,236,866 12/1980


463711 8/1928 Fed. Rep. of Germany 415/4 A 2402647 7/1975 Fed. Rep. of Germany 415/2 A

and increasing the effects thereof for power generation. Ampli?ed wind turbine apparatus is disclosed wherein ambient inlet air is prerotated in a ?rst air rotation chamber (B) having a high pressure pro?le increasing the turbulence and Reynolds number thereof and a second rotation chamber (C) adjacent and downstream of the turbine has a low pressure core pro?le whereby flow across the turbine is accelerated and thereafter exits the turbine apparatus through a draft anti-interfer ence device (D) which eliminates interference with ambient winds at the outlet of the turbine apparatus. Pivotable vanes 12 controlled in response to prevailing Wind direction admit air to the chambers and aid in imparting rotation. A central core 20 may be utilized for creating the desired pressure pro?le in chamber B.

539099 6/ 1922 France .............................. 1. 415/3 A 4 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures

W A!‘ 36 IV 326!

2261 CN 22

2a 4'

15d {5e /5 29 A,

' Z0 [5a

25a. l2

'1 5 22

76 I 250. Z5

26

702/ K10


f 52

3/ 51a.

36:

54a

4

[-50

41W

54

55

States atet [191 [11] 4,321,005 [45] Mar. 23, 1982

[54] MODULAR WINDMILL INSTALLATION 4,134,708 I/ 1979 Brauser et a1. ................ .. 416/1'19 X _ _ 4,161,658 7/1979 Patrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/48 X

[76] Inventor: Jerimiah B. Black, 2065 Church 4,165,468 8/1979 Fry ct a1_ ‘ _ 416/121 A X Creek Dr-, Charleston, SC. 29407 4,204,126 5/1980 Diggs ....... .. 415/4 R

. 4,213,734 7/1980' Lagg 415/4 A [21] APPL NO" 109,253 4,237,384 12/1980 Kennon . 415/4 R X [22] Filed: Jan. 3’ 1980 4,245,958 l/l98l Ewers ........................... .. 416/197 A

[51] Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06 Primary Examiner—-Everette A. Powell, Jr. [52] U.S. C1. ........................................ .. 415/4; 416/32; Attorney, Agent, or Firm—-Wigman & Cohen

416/197 A [58] Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-4; [57] ABSTRACT

416/ 197 A, 32, 169 B, 121 A A windmill installation adapted to extract energy from [56] References Cited natural wind currents is disclosed wherein a plurality of

1nd1v1dualw1nd wheel modules are stacked vert1cally 1n U'S' PATENT DOCUMENTS a tower-like structure and are interconnected with one

692,714 2/1902 Sala et al. ..................... .. 416/ 197 A another to operate in a unitary manner. Each module 930,794 8/1909 Pierson . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/32 has a rotor assembly is disengageable from the

1,027,501 5/1912 Pearson .. 4l6/DI4G1-6437; rotor assemblies of other modules without interrupting 1,411,137 3/1922 Toborg ..................... .. / the generation of power from the installation. A rotat_ 1,441,774 1/1923 Adams ................. .. 415/4X l . . . .

1,804,493 5/1931 Benjamins 416/32 abe wmdslneld 1s provldeld about the rotor assembly 1,974,008 9/1934 Biehn _ _ ‘ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 415/2 R for lmprovmg output ef?clency of the w1nd wheel and

2,094,603 10/1937 Keene . 416/ 119 X protecting the rotor assembly from damage in the event 2,224,851 12/1940 Lea ----- ~- 416/DIG- 6 of excessively high wind speeds. The angular position

1;; 31113116 5 ii of the windshield is determined by an automatic control , , 1.111111 ........... .. . . . .

3,938,907 2/1976 Magoveny et al‘ 415/2 R X system responslve to w1nd speed and directlon. 4,113,408 9/1978 Wurtz et a1. ..... .1 416/117 X

4,134,707 1/1979 Ewers ................................... .. 415/4 14 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures

22 64 204 202 '00

f . f . I4 I8 ' . j

y 36 I8 \ ' \_ 1551 \

24 ' >10 22 E I00l f >50

. ,26 I . ,

/ a s4 \ \/'4 e '6\ 55\ \ 1 l8

2, . . ..- \ ‘I5

I5 I -22

7 I00 I4 I9,’ / T26;

£4; _ \\ 55 ‘

24 l . " \ I5

5 20 22 .-_J

I6 I001 /- '50!” / at 26 "g \ _ \fs

.. . 1 . m 24 K

11M ,2

US. Pawn Mar. 23, 1982 Sheet 1 of3 321,05

J7 . i ii

262/; "Elm '

Y b

_ 200

202} V 204) WIND DIRECTION d Vs WIND SPEED

SENSOR SENSOR

214 r

SHIELD ANGULAR FEEDBACK ADDER 3,06 POSITION SBVSOR

1 216/ -/208 64; {/00 {2/2 I

wnuosmao MOTOR" > AMPLIFIER @- D§§§§,%R 3/0

US. Pamt Mar. 23, 1982 Sheet 2 on

321,05 . ' US, Patant Mar. 23, 1982 Sheet 3 of 3

[111 4,350,900 [45] Sep. 21, 1982

Primary Examiner—J. V. Truhe Assistant Examiner-W. E. Duncanson, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Melvin R. Stidham

[57] ABSTRACT A rotary machine to be driven by a ?ow stream, such as wind or a water stream, including a housing with a semi-cylindrical back wall and horizontal top and bot

, tom walls. A plurality of intake ducts open across the 415/2 R front of the housing to direct ?ow against a plurality of

290/43, 44, 54, vertical vanes carried on and around a cylindrical rotor 415/ 2; 416/179, 133 within the housing. The ducts on one side of the front

References Cited to-back centerline project air streams directly in, in the - direction of rotation, while those on the other side of

Us PATENT DOCUMENTS the centerline reverse the stream so that they will also ' impinge upon the vanes in the same rotational direction.

Harold E. Baughman, PO. Box 6506, Santa Rosa, Calif. 95406

[21] App]. No.: 205,428 Nov. 10, 1980

[51] Int. Cl.3 .. F03D 7/06 290/55; 290/44

55; , 185

WIND ENERGY MACHINE

United States Patent [191 Baughman

[54] [76] Inventor:

[22] Filed:

[52] Us. c1. .......................I...II.II.II:I

[58] Field of Search

[56]

b

a l 3

a K. 2 w 2 M.

\\¢ . . .

. /

I .. , 1/


The vanes are con?gurated asairfoils so that, in addi tion to the reaction to the flow impingement, there will be a lift vector in the direction of. rotation. In one em bodiment, the airfoil vanes are disposed in rows of two or more from outside to inside, closely spaced to form venturi slots between them.

l l 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

US. Patent Sep. 21, 1982 Sheet 1 of 3 4,350,900

/28

4,350,900

_

‘ v, _ , I N

v / 0 “I o.

H/ > , nlu. nLJ

Sheet 2 of 3

/ \ \ \ \ \ .. \v i...

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ _

.k . ill

Sep. 21, 1982

I 1 1 111/

FIG.5

US. Patent


Fig.

Q

Umted States Patent [191 [111 4,357,130 Forrest [45] Nov. 2, 1982

[54] WIND COLLECTION APPARATUS 4,142,823 3/1979 Nickel] .............................. ._ 415/2 R

_ _ 4,204,795 5/1980 Forrest [761 lnventorI William J- Forrest, 3400 NW- 4,204,796 5/1980 Pack ......................... .. 416/197 A x

Expressway, Oklahoma City, Okla. 73112 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

L N ‘z 131 663 56361 1/1958 Belgium ........................ .1 416/240 A [2!] App 0 ’ , 423575 1/1926 Fed. Rep. of Germany 415/2 R [22] Filed: Mar. 19, 1980 1021619 2/1953 France .......................... .. 416/197 A

2289761 5/1976 France . 416/197 A . . 1' ' 1)‘ 344055 10/1936 Italy 415/2 R

Related U s A” man“ .ata 445080 2/1949 Italy ..................... .. 416/197 A [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 835,184, Sep. 21, 1977, 19491 of 1891 United Kingdom _, 416/196 A

Pat. NO. 4,204,795. 263722 1/ 1927 United Kingdom ......... .. 416/197 A

[51] Int. C1.3 .............................................. .. F03D 3/06 Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell, Jr. [52] 11.5. C1. 416/197 A; 416/196 A Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Dunlap & CQdding [58] Field of Search ........ .. 416/197 A, 196 A, 240 A,

416/194 A; 415/2 R [57] ABSTRACI

[56] References Cited An improved wind collectmg apparatus utilized for transforming wlnd energy to rotary motion. The rotary

U-S- PATENT DOCUMENTS motion then can be utilized for driving an electric gen

440,266 11/1890 Meredith ............. ....... .. 416/196 A armor, for example The apparatus generally comprises 1,001,291 8/1911 McKenzie 416/196 A four semi-cylindrically shaped wind collecting blades 1,055,858 3/1913 Bennett . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2RX connected to a shaft which is mounted for rotation

1,105,750 8/ 1914 Browne 416/197 A X about an axis of rotation and includes blade and cable 1,120,930 12/1914 G055 @131 416/196 A X support systems for reducing the effect of various de ;'3S%499 4/ ‘919 lsgagel """" " A § structive forces and for providing structural integrity, '5 ’835 3/1926 oth? """ " / A the apparatus also including ?exibly connected joints to 1,790,175 1/1931 Spencer ..... .. 415/2 R X . . . . . . 1 798 211 3/1931 Law 415/2 R X provide some ?exibility 1n the supportmg structure 1:948:458 2/1934 De Lgcnigw _ ‘116/196 A X while maintaining the required structural integrity. 2,436,747 2/1948 DuBrie ....... .. 416/197 A X 4,118,637 10/1978 Tackett ..................... .. 416/197 A X 15 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures

US. Patent Nov. 2, 1982 Sheet 1 of 3 4,357,130

QML

U.S. Patent Nov. 2, 1982 I Sheet 2 of3 4,357,130

60a m2 //0


11 ilgti:

United States Patent [19; Benesh

[54] WIND TURBINE ROTOR

[76] Inventor: Alvin H. Benesh, 120 S. Adams Ave., Pierre, S. Dak. 57501

[21] App]. No.: 267,006

[22] Filed: May 26, 1981

[51] Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 3/06 [52] US. Cl. ........................ .. 416/197 A; 4l6/DIG. 2 [58] Field of Search ..... _. 416/197 A, DIG. 2, DIG. 9



2,252,788 8/1941 Sparr ............................. .. 416/197 A 4,005,947 2/1977 Norton 416/197 A 4,177,009 12/1979 Baum et a]. ....... .. 416/197 A X


601266 2/ 1926 France ........................ .. 4l6/DIG. 9 727519 6/1932 France 416/197 A 797106 4/1936 France ....... .. 416/197 A

596447 3/1978 Switzerland ...... .. .. 4l6/DIG 6

647938_ l2/l950 United Kingdom ............. .. 415/4 R

Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Merchant, Gould, Smith, Edell, Welter & Schmidt

[11} 4,359,311 [45] Nov. 16, 1982

[57] ABSTRACT A turbine apparatus for utilization of the kinetic energy of moving air or ?uid is disclosed. The turbine appara tus is comprised of a rotor (20) mounted for rotation about a central axis (21) with respect to a support mem ber (22) and connected to means (23) for converting rotation of the rotor (20) to usable energy. The rotor (20) includes a plurality of blades (40, 41, 42) disposed symmetrically about the central axis (21), each of the blades having an outer edge (43) and an inner edge (44) with respect to the central axis (21). In addition, each blade (40, 41, 42) has a curved portion (45) and a second portion (46), the curved portion (45) beginning at the outer edge (43) and terminating at the second portion (46). The curved portion (45) has a surface generally concave with respect to the central axis (21). The sec ond portion (46) extends from the curved portion (45) and terminates at the inner edge (44). The inner edge lies in a plane containing the central axis, the plane being disposed at an angle greater than 60° measured about the central axis (21) from a plane containing the outer edge (43) and the central axis (21). Variations of these and other components of the present invention are also described.



FIG. 2 4


FIG. 3


FIG. 5

United States Patent [191 [11] 4,430,044 Liljegren [45] Feb. 7, 1984

54 VERTI AL AXIS WIND T RBINE [ 1 C U FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS [76] Inventor: L. Kenyon Liljegren, 1260 SE. 1045038 12/1978 Canada .............................. .. 416/119

Walnut #5, Tustin, Calif. 92680 2827044 12/1978 Fed. Rep. of Germany . 2745862 4/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany .

_ 2919328 11/1980 Fed. Rep. of Germany ...... .. 416/17 [21] Appl' NO“ 324’103 2289769 5/1976 France ................................ .. 416/17

_ 2468002 5/1981 France .. 416/119 [22] F11ed= Nov- 23, 1981 2481756 11/1981 France ................... .. 416/140 R

301091 1/1930 United Kingdom 416/119 [51] Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06 1468338 9/1977 United Kingdom .............. ._ 416/119

[52] US. Cl. .............................. .. 416/119; 4164/l OTHER PUBLICATIONS

[58] Field of Search ................... .. 416/119, 17, 139 A, WINDPOWER, A Handbook On Wind Energy Con 4l6/DIG. 8, 132 B version Systems, by V. Daniel Hunt, Dir., The Energy

Institute, pp. 553, 104,123-126, 186-187, 246, 241, 192, [56] References Cited 194-195.

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Primary Examiner~Everette A. Powell, Jr. 1,582,361 4/1926 Welsch .......................... .. 416/119 x A’mmey' Agent’ 0’ F”m_K“°bbe’ Martens’ 015°“ & 1,592,242 7/1926 Welsch .......................... .. 416/119 X Bear

1,835,018 12/1931 Darrieus . 57 A ST 3,874,816 4/1975 Sweeney et a1. .................. .. 416/139 [ 1 _ _ _ _ B RACT _ '

3,918,839 11/1975 Blackwell et a1. .. 416/175 A wmd turbmc 1s dlsclosed C0mpr1s1ng blade forms 3,942,909 3/1976 Yengst .................... .. 416/132 mounted for limited pivotal movement as they proceed 4,003,676 1/1977 Syveeney et a1. 416/132 around an orbital path. A torque sensitive control

Slcal'd ............ .. X means is provided to progressively the pivotal 4,052,134 10/1977 Rumsey 416/119 movement of the blade forms in response to changes in 4’105’363 8/1978 Loth 416/41 the rotational speed of the turbine so that high torque 4,180,367 12/1979 Drees 416/119 d ff . . b . d h h h . 1 4,204,805 5/1980 Bolie ...... __ 416/119 an e iclency 1s.o talne t roug out t e operationa 4,248,568 2/1981 Lechner 416/132 range Ofthe turbme 4,334,823 6/1982 Sharp ..... .. .. 416/119

4,368,392 1/ 1983 Drees ............................ .. 416/ 119 X 37 Claims, 17 Drawing Figures

US. Patent Feb. 7,, 1984 Sheet 1 of?‘ 4,430,044

FIG-l.

20

F1. 2. 22

US. Patent Feb. 7, 1984 Sheet 2 of7 4,43U?44

40/

Y W %

I

U.S. Patent Feb. 7, 1984 Sheet 3 of7 4,430,044

I04 I03 I02 IOI

U.S. Patent Feb. 7, 1984 Sheet 7 of? 4,430,044

United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 4,457,669 Corry [45] Date of Patent: Jul. 3, 1984

[54] JIBE MILL FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

Inventor; R‘ Con-y, Mattison, France ................................ .. Fort Worth’ Tex‘ 76107 Primary Examiner-—Everette A. Powell, Jr.

1 S Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Cushman, Darby & Cushman 21 A .N .: 94081 [ 1 pp ° ’ [57] ABSTRACT

[22] Filed; Oct, 24, 1978 A sail-type windmill providing high torque without limitations to size. Three sails are mounted to a frame

[51] Int. cl.3 ....................................... .. F03D 7/06 f°r retetieh ehe‘" an axis generally Parallel he the Planes [52] US. Cl. ............................... .. 416/119- 416/132 B of the sails- In one versien, the Sails are ?exible and [58] Field of Search _____________ “ 416/132 13,340 A, 119’ sheets are provided for mounting the sails. Roller reef

416/142’ 52 ing is provided for modifying the effective area each sail member presents to the wind, including a spring biased

. weight associated with each sail and a line extending [56] . References Cited from the weight for effecting take-up and let-out of the

U5. PATENT DOCUMENTS sail and the sheet in response to radial movement of the 82,307 9/1868 Goodale ............................ .. 416/119 Weight- 1" anmher versiml, the sails are 0f metal and

242,211 5/1881 Mcllvaine . 416/119 x Speed governing 1S provlded by hydraqllc _eylinders 257,649 5/1882 Bragdon ....... .. 416/52 operatlvely mounted to the sails for plvotlng them 509,866 12/1893 Bradford 416/119 X about their axes of rotation, the hydraulic cylinders 535,602 3/ 1895 Sherman 416/240 A controlled by a aerometer mounted atop the windmill.

Clade . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . .. 1 The frame Structure of the can be mounted for

1,171,584 2/1916 Bla1$°1y_ 416/2:°6€x rotation about a central shaft, or about a circular track gal-‘Tums """" " 416218 , with rollers from the frame engaging the circular track,

2,319,286 5/1943 An§ré;;;;;"IIIIII . . . . ' ' 1‘16/240 A and a P°wer takwff being asmciated with the circular 3,918,839 11/1975 Blackwell et a1. .... .. 416/240 A track 3,995,l70 11/1976 Graybill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

4,105,363 . 8/1978 Loth ................................ .. 416/23 X 9 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures

/ / g

4&20 45/ 25 40 // 40 a/ / j%r/ v —/4

4/ 1' / / | / " 24 I 20

U.S. Patent Jul. 3, 1984 Sheet 2 of3 4,457,669

Unite States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4 468 169 9 9

Williams [45] Date of Patent: Aug. 28, 1984

[54] REGULATED HIGH TORQUE FLEXIBLE 4,184,084 1/ 1980 Crehore .............................. .. 290/55 BLADED WIND WHEEL 4,218,183 8/1980 Dall-Winther ............... .. 416/41

4,334,823 6/1982 Sharp ..................... .. 416/119

[76] Inventor: Dennis L. Williams, 1520 E. Canyon 4,346,305 8/1982 White ............................ .. 416/140 x Dr., South Weber, Utah 84403


[21] Appl' No" 409’23’1 2033463 3/1972 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/119 [22] Filed: Aug. 18, 1982 63806 7/1864 France ....................... .. 416/117

2426813 l/l980 France 416/140 [51] 111i. ‘GL3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06 2469576 5/1981 France _____________________________ __ 416/119

[52] us. Cl. . ............................. .. 416/119; 416/132 B; _ , 416/140 Primary Exammer—Everette A. Powell, Jr.

[58] Field of Search ................ .. 416/119, 41 R, 132 B fsitwmela Agent, 0' Firm—DOna1d J- Smear; Bobby D cearce

[56] References Cited [57] ABSTRACT 11s. PATENT DOCUMENTS , , _ _

An improved horizontally mounted wlnd wheel is pro '67,041 5/1832 glolman ............................. .. 416/112 vided which comprises a framework mounted for rota_

22 '357 4/1880 aFcon? ' tion in a horizontal plane on a central upright drive 297,904 4/ 1884 Witherspoon ..................... .. 416/ 119 . 485 933 11/1892 Herman 41 W119 shaft, a plurality of secondary shafts supported for rota 498:068 5/1893 Lonning‘III...................:'4.l6/140 R ‘1°11 on Said framework near the Periphery thereof’ a 335,667 11/1906 Donneny _ vane mounted near one end thereof to each secondary

1,015,517 1/1912 Snyder .............................. .. 416/118 shaft, a plurality of vane stops on the framework posi 1,230,885 6/1917 Gay . . . . . . _ . . . . . .. 416/118 tioned radially inwardly of the secondary shafts for

1,469,064 9/ 1923 Zucker 416/41 X limiting the rotation of the vanes, each of said second 1,511’965 10/1924 Henmsh 416/ 119 X ary shafts being mounted for rotation about an axis 2’123’592 8/1932 Muilhkm 4161419 which is tilted with respect to a vertical to said horizon

:ne 41 / 132990 5); tal plane whereby each vane has a preferred predeter 3,938,907 2/1976 5/141 mined rest position de?ned by the direction of tilting of 3,995,170 11/1976 Graybill .......... .. 290/55 each 3X15 fr°m ‘1 Sald Vertlc?l

4,039,849 8/1977 Mater et a1. 290/55 4,048,947 9/1977 Sicard ............................... .. 416/119 4 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures

T0 LOAD

@ amt Aug- 28, 1984 Sheet 1 of 2 4’468’169

US” Patent Aug. 28, 1984 Sheet 2 of2 4,468,169

50

WIND DIRECTION

TO LOAD

O

Unlted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,486,143 McVey [45] Date of Patent: Dec. 4, 1984

[54] TURBINE-TYPE WIND MACHINE FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

[76] Invenw? P8111 W'Mcvey’4039 Gremloch La" 494602 1/1977 Australia ........................... .. 415/3 R Houston, Tex. 77025 380643 10/1907 France 415/2 R

515331 3/1921 France 415/2 R [21] Appl. No.27 413,667 104579 8/1980 Japan ................. .. 415/3 R

_ 1025 of 1908 United Kingdom 415/2 R [22] Flledz Sep. 1, 1982 188653 3/1923 United Kingdom 415/2 R

558929 l/l944 United Kingdom ............. .. 415/3 R

[51] Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 3/04 [52] US. 01. ........... .. 415/2 R; 415/162 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

[58] Field of Search ................................. .. 415/2-4 R, W() 8103633; Dec. 1931_ 415/2-4 A, 162, 165, 151, 159, 216 _ _

Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell, Jr.

References l U'S' PATENT DOCUMENTS A wind machine which includes turbine assemblies

63,498 4/1867 Gallup .......................... .. 415/2 R X arranged in superposed relationship and wherein the 94,624 9/1869 Maxwell . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/4 R turbine assemblies may vary in size and number in ac

194322 9/1377 H099“! ----- -- 415/2RX cordance with power requirements, together with a 232’558 9/1880 Sm‘Fh ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' “ ‘HS/4 R plurality of de?ector panels or sails associated with the 294,943 3/1884 White ..... .. 416/119X - - - - . turblne unit of each assembly for directing the wind to 588,572 8/1897 Hardaway .. 415/2 R X l f h d . . f h b. . 640,901 V1900 Hardaway 0 “5/2 R x se ected areas 0 ‘t e rrvmg vanes o eac tur me unit 667,965 2/1901 Barwis _______ __ 416/119 X and at the same time shielding from the Wll'ld other areas 633,935 10/1901 Heme] 416/DIG_ 6 x of driving vanes which would tend to interfere with 864,789 9/1907 Kickoush . .......... .. 415/3 R desired rotation of the turbine unit. The de?ector panels

1,008,148 11/1911 l-libbs . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .. 415/18 or sails also accurately controlling the volume of air

1,332,591 6/ 1921 Ackefmann - 415/4 R which bypasses each panel or sail to thereby prevent 1,463,924 3/1923 013k‘ - ~ - ~ - ' - - - ~ - ' - ' - - - -- “5/2 R “stacking” or turbulence adjacent the driving vanes of

15033061 7/1924 Pendergast " ‘115/2 R X the turbine unit. The panels also being arranged to re l,592,4l7 7/1926 Burke ........ .. 4l5/2RX - - - - . capture the major portion of the bypassed an and direct 1,595,578 8/1926 Sovereign 415/2 R X . . . . . . . 1 636 449 7/1927 Adams __________ __ 415/2 R x it back mto the turbine unit wh1ch increases efficiency

3,938,907 2/1976 Magoveny et al. 415/2 R x 0f 0139mm" 3,994,621 11/1976 Bogie ................ .. 415/2 R X 4,415,814 11/1983 Parra ................................. .. 415/2 R 7 Claims, 16 Drawing Figures

. /Z

3! /3 | __ // 39 j!

,/ r ) ‘73 ._

26 r / A’

24 ._

'T' /' ' ‘ a" ._ ._ T

\ \ 4- 4

A9 .\ 9"

) 3’ k“ i”

US. Patent Dec. 4, 1984 Sheet 1 of s 4 486 143

///A

////1 A —Z

////4

//a //a

444; 49 454/ 46 @52530'45556 B

U.S. Patent Dec. 4, 1984 Sheet 3 0f 5 4,486,143

United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,545,729 Storm [45] Date of Patent: Oct. 8, 1985

[54] WIND TURBINE APPARATUS . 4,342,539 8/1982 Potter ........................ .. 416/142 B X 4,350,895 9/1982 Cook ..... .. 4l6/240A X

[76] Invento? Joe Storm, 1105 W- Elna Rae, 4,353,702 10/1982 Nagy 416/240 A x Tempe, Ariz. 85281 4,417,853 11/1983 Cook ....... .. 416/132 B

_ 4,420,692 12/1983 Kos .... .. .. 416/41 A X

[21] Appl' No" 518,047 4,435,125 3/1984 Cook 410/132 B [22] Filed; Jul. 28, 1933 4,457,669 7/1984 Corry ............................ .. 416/132 B

[51] Int. Cl.4 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

U.S .............................. .. OfGermany A

‘116/142 555175 6/1923 France .............................. .. 416/119

[58] Field of Search ............. .. 416/132 B, 119, 135 A, 2289769 5/1976 France 416/DIG. 5 416/88, 240 A, DIG. 5, 142 B 2468002 4/1981 France ....... .. 416/119

577300 10/1977 U.S.S.R. ....................... .. 416/24OA

[56] References Cited Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell Jr.

. . A T M NTS ’. U S P TEN DOCU E Attorney, Agent, or Firm—l-l. Gordon Shields 155,472 9/1874 Smythe ............................. .. 416/132 215,035 5/1879 Alden 416/41 [57] ABSTRACT

is‘??? Wind turbine apparatus includes a plurality of sail ele 556:396 3/1896 Alz?dg ____ 416/119 ments secured‘ to a circular frame rotatable in response

1,804,493 5/1931 Benjamins __ 416/132 to wind reactmg with the sail elements and a control 2,015,777 10/1935 Belding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/ 132 system for the sail elements includes a weight having

2,677,344 5/ 1954 Annis. .... .. 416/240 A X cables extending from the weight to the sail elements.

graybln - --------- Movement of the weight in response to wind velocity 1 , umsey .... .. . . .

4,191,507 3/1980 DeBerg I ‘ I ‘ _ _ _ . . _ " ‘116/132 resucllts 1n a change in the sa1l elements exposed to the

4,274,011 6/1981 Gar?nkle 416/132BX Wm - 4,276,033 6/1981 Krovina .. 416/240 A X 4,341,176 7/ 1982 Orrison ......................... .. 416/119 X 29 Claims, 19 Drawing Figures

4,545,729 US. Patent Oct. 8, 1985 Sheet 1 of7

US. Patent Oct. 8,1985 Sheet20f7 4,545,729

FIG-B

U.S. Pateht Oct. 8,1985 Sheet30f7 4,545,729

O

United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,551,631 Trigilio [45] Date of Patent: Nov. 5, 1985

[54] WIND AND SOLAR ELECTRIC 4,370,559 l/ 1983 Langley, Jr. ..................... .. 290/1 R GENERATING PLANT 4,433,544 2/1984

4,474,529 10/1984 .. [76] Invento? Gaetano T- Trigilio, 5090 Arch St, 4,486,143 12/1984 McVey ............................. .. 415/2 R

Maple Hts" Ohm 44137 Primary Examiner--William M. Shoop, Jr. [21] Appl. No.: 628,271 Assistant Examiner—Shik Luen Paul Ip [22] Filed: JuL 6, 1984 é::‘r,r;i;v,&Ai€ir:1tg or Firm—Shlesinger, Arkwright,

[51] Int. Cl.‘‘ ......................... .. F03D 9/00; F03D 7/06 [52] us. c1. ................................... .. 290/55; 290/1 R; [571 ABSTRACT

290/44; 415/3; 415/2 R; 415/4 A wind energy collection and conversion system in [58] Field of Search ................... .. 290/1 R, 1 C, 2, 42, cludes a plurality of turbine assemblies. The turbine

290/43, 44, 53, 54, 55; 416/132 B, 169 B, 121 A, assemblies rotate on a common axis transverse of a base. 176 A, 41 A, 50 A, 197 A; 415/2, 2 A, 5, 4, 3 R; A plurality of shutter assemblies are disposed in a circu

417/330’ 331’ 333’ 332 lar orientation around each of said turbine assembly and [56] References Cited are independently operable for causing wind current to

be directed thereby for rotating said turbine assemblies. U'S' PATENT DOCUMENTS Five wall elements extend outwardly tangential to the

léiaktlef at all -------------------- -- 291x35)? periphery de?ned by the shutter assemblies and inter , , 0 en . . . . . . . - . . . . . .. ' ' ‘

4,119,863 10/1978 K61 1y ‘ ' l ' . ‘ ‘ I I . . " 290/55 cept the w1nd current and d1rect the wlnd currents toward the shutter assemblies. A roof covers the power

4,134,707 1/l979 Ewers ........... .. 290/55 X _ _ 4,142,822 3/1979 Herbert et al 29055 X plant and thereby 1ncreases the overall ef?clency. 4,289,444 9/1981 Monk et a1 . 415/3 R 4,309,146 1/1982 I-Iein et a1. ........................ .. 415/2 R 18 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures

Sheetl of4 4,551,631 U.S. Patent Nov. 5, 1985

U.S. Patent Nov. 5, 1985 Sheet20f4 4,551,631


76

/ E5 5 3A

United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,571,152 Tatar [45] Date of Patent: Feb. 18, 1986

[54] VERTICAL AXIS WINDMILL 83570 5/1920 Switzerland .................. .. 416/197 A 15646 01‘1892 United Kingdom . 416/197 A

[76] Inventor: Frank J. Tatar, 6808 Lake Shore Rd., 13417 of 1912 United Kingdom 415/3 R Derby, NY 14047 229470 2/1925 United Kingdom ............. .. 415/2 R

1211 Appl. No-: 546,903 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

[22] Filedl Oct- 31, 1983 Page 3 of “The History of Windpower Windfarm Mu [51] Int. Cl.4 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06 Scum Martha’s Vineyard”

[52l 415/4; 416/197 A Primary Examiner—Everette A. Powell, Jr. [58] Field of Search ............................. .. 415/2 R-4 R; Attorney’ Agent, or Firm_Bean, Kauffman & Bean

‘ 416/197 A [57] ABSTRACT

[56] References Cited _ _ _ _ _

A vertlcal axis wmdmill features a wmd vane assembly U'S' PATENT DOCUMENTS freely rotatable relative to an output shaft and having a

74,687 2/1868 Hidden ............................. .. 415/2 R ?rst wind de?ecting device for channeling oncoming 419,345 V1890 0H0 - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ 415/ 3 R wind relatively away from and towards wind reaction

588,572 8/1897 Hardaway ------ " 415/4 R panel carrying spars, during those portions of rotational Z/ 1903 Pearson 416/ 197 A X movement thereof relatively towards and away from

, , /l9l5 Benbow ....... .. 415/4 R . . . . .

1,225,033 5/1917 Jackson 415” R X the wmd, respectively, a second wmd de?ectlng device 1,449,192 3/1923 Richard _________ " 416/35 for channeling oncoming wind relatively towards such 1,469,064 9/1923 Zucker 416/41 R X spars, during that portion of rotational movement 1,490,344 4/ 1924 Mukai 416/ 197 A X thereof relatively away from the wind, and a wind vane 1,935,097 ‘V1933 Nelson ' ~ - - - - - - " ‘115/: R cooperating with the ?rst and second wind de?ecting

ilrzhpasiovnuz devices for. maintaining same in ‘desired relatively sta 4,O31,4O5 6/1977 Asperger _ ______ “ 290/55 tionary pos1t1ons relative to thedlrection of the oncom 4,260,325 4/1981 Cymara .................... .. 416/197 A X ing wmd, wherein the ?rst wmd de?ecting devlce is 4,289,444 9/1981 Monk et a1. ........................... .. 415/3 formed with an opening ?tted with an auxiliary panel 432L005 3/ 1982 Black - - - 1 - ~ - ~ - - - v - ~ - - ~ - ~ -- 415/4 directly responsive to high wind loading conditions to

4,350,900 9/1982 Baughman .................... .. 415/4 R X permit flow of oncoming Wind through Such op?ning

FOREIGN PATENT DQCUMENTS for purposes of providing a motion retarding or braking

145115 12/1949 Australia 415/4 R effect on the rotational speed of thewindmill through 84158 12/1895 Fed‘ Rep of Germany 416/197 A out a substantial portion-of the rotatlonal movement of

595500 10/1925 France .......................... .. 416/197 A the spars towards the wmd

2288879 5/1976 France . . . . . . . . .. 415/3 R

111334 1/1945 Sweden ......................... .. 416/ 197 A 3 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures

US. Patent Feb. 18,1986 Sheet1of2 4,571,152

[11] Patent Number: 4,575,639 [45] Date of Patent Mar. 11, 1986

United States Patent [191 Rogow et ‘a1.

[54] FLUID TURBINE SYSTEM 4,095,422 1/1978 Kurakake 4,118,637 10/1978 Tackett

_ . 4,134,708 1/ 1979 Brauser et al. .

Ave., San Diego, Cahf. 92117; Fred 4,187,123 2/1980 Diggs Stemberg, 4702 - 16th Ave., 4,260,325 4/1981 Cymara Brooklyn, N.Y. 11204 4,278,896 7/1981 McFarland .

[21] Appl. N0.: 203,234 [22] Filed:

[76] Inventors: Bruce I. Rogow, 3709 Merrimac


2289766 5/1976 France 415/2 R 210937 2/1924 United Kingdom 415/4

F03D 9/00 _ _

290/55; 290/44 Primary Examiner-W?ham M. Shoop, Jr. 60/641‘3, 641_11i 64115; Assistant Examiner-W. E. Dnncanson, Jr.

Dec. 16, 1980

[58] Field of Search 290/44 ABSTRACT

A dual solar phenomena exploiting system comprises [57] ,55

two main elements; one represents direct solar heat into electric power converting media, and the other indirect


1,315,595 9/1919 Clark

h. mm. B.w La en m.» n 0 me % mm m. .mv. .1 ma F em 2. am .m .mm m S3 D

td n 3 e.m 1 mm. s, 0% ca .1

.3 q 0

mm 1 re 0% .rm mp meo me M???? ///L/ %60 o 19M9 242/2 2,213,497 9/1940 Kelly 3,730,643 5/1973 Davison 3,822,692 7/1974 Demarest .. 4,047,833 9/1977 Decker

US. Patent Manll, 1986 Sheetlof4 4,575,639

F/G./ 38

34A

70

US. Patent M31211, 1986 Sheet20f4 4,575,639

F/G.4

94A 4

/

92E

9

1/ L945

F768

2D 92C /

92B

US. Patent Manll, 1986 Sheet4of4 4,575,639

"" 10

u. _

I“ ‘h 114

40

/11.2 I fllZ

108

(1') F)

FIG-J3

US. Patent Jul: 15, 1986 Sheet 1 of3 4,600,360

US. Patent Jul. 15,1986 She_et20f3 4,600,360

O

Unlted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,606,697 Appel [45] Date of Patent: Aug. 19, 1986

[54] WIND TURBINE GENERATOR 2451751 5/1976 Fed. Rep. of Germany 415/2 R _ 2539058 3/1977 Fed. Re . of German 415/4 R

[75] Inventorr Gerhard H- Appel, San Pedro, Cahf- 651354 2/1929 France 416/122 A - _ - 900038 6/1945 France 416/122 A

[73] Ass'gnee' égiagrcz?lj?eflggrg?'cveergg?f 2300235 10/1976 France . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/3 R

p ’ ’ ' 2509384 l/l983 France . 416/122 A

[21] APPL No_; 641,016 2520813 8/1983 France . .4l6/122A ' 138466 10/1981 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4l5/4R

[22] Flled: Aug- 15, 1984 1518151 7/1978 United Kingdom ......... .. 416/176 A

[51] Int. Cl.‘ .............................................. .. F031) 3/02 Primary Examiner_Eve1-ette A, Powell, Jr, [52] US. Cl. ..................................... .. 415/2 R; 415/3; Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Georges A. Maxwell

415/60; 416/121; 416/122 [58] Field of Search ............................. .. 415/2 R-4 R, [57] ABSTRACT

415/60, 65, 64; 416/ 122 A A wind-powered prime mover comprising a pair of [56] References Cited elongate, vertically'extend‘ing, laterally spaced parallel

rotors with a plurality of circumferentially spaced radi U-S- PATENT DOCUMENTS ally outwardly projecting circumferentially and longi

419,345 1/1890 Otto .............................. .. 416/122 A tudinally extending vanes. The rotors are arranged so 2,335,817 11/1943 Topalov .. ....... .. 415/2 R that the vanes of each rotor projects between adjacent

2; $01111?’ - 413/1 2; pairs of vanes of the other rotor as the rotors rotate. The , , opa ov . . . . . . . . . .. _ .

3,928,771 12/1975 Straumsnes . . . . . . . . .. 415/2 R {otors are.r°tatably supported atop a min table whlch urns to dlspose the lateral plane on WhlCh the axes of

4,017,204 4/1977 Sellman . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2 R . h . . . .

4,037,983 7/1977 Poeta . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2 R the r°F°r$ Occur at “g tangle t° Prevallmg wmd- wlnd

4,074,951 2/1973 Hudson 416/122 A X directing shrouds are engaged about the lateral outside 4,084,918 4/1978 Pavlecka 416/122 A X halves of the rotors and function to direct wind from 4,082,419 5/1978 $0516 61 @11- ~ A i: said outer halves of the rotors laterally inward toward 4,15 580 5/1979 °_ _ ---------- ~ A and between the lateral inner halves of the rotors. The

gilnglzmson " ‘116/; g windward sides of the shrouds de?ne a wind gate 4:206:126 5/1980 Diggs ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' A X through which wind moves into engagement with the 4,474,529 10/1984 Kinsey .............................. .. 415/2 R rotors and are plvotany movable 1° were“? and de


1124181 5/ 1982 Canada ......................... .. 416/122 A

453231 12/1927 Fed. Rep. ofGermany 416/122 A

crease the lateral extent of the wind gate to throttle the wind, as desired.


10

US. Patent Aug. 19,1986 SheetlofS 4,606,697

U.S. Patent Aug. 19,1986 Sheet20f5 4,606,697

Sheet 3 of5 4,606,697 U.S. Patent Aug. 19, 1986

4,606,697 Sheet 4 of 5 US. Patent Aug. 19,1986

4,606,697 Sheet 5 0f 5 U.S. Patent Aug. 19, 1986

w /

O

Unlted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,618,312 Williams [45] Date of Patent: Oct. 21, 1986

[54] WIND OPERATED APPARATUS 633558 l/ 1928 France .............................. .. 416/101 _ 2461119 3/1981 France .. ....... .. 416/17

[76] Invento? Robert A- Williams, 2721 Wh?e 598756 10/1959 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/119

Settlement Rd., Fort Worth, Tex. _ _ 76107 Pnmary Exammer-—Everette A. Powell, Jr.

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Arthur F. Zobal [21] Appl. No.. 695,726 [57] ABSTRACT [22] Filed: Jan. 28, 1985 _ ,

A frame supported for rotation about a central vertical Int. GL4 .............................................. . axis has an enclosing cylindrical side wall a plural

[52] U'.S. Cl. .................................. .. 416/119; 416/17 ity of openings formed therethrough at spaced apart [58] Fleld of Search -------- " 416/101’ 119’ H6’ 112 A’ angular position around the central axis. A plurality of

416/17’ 87 vanes are located near the side walls for causing the [56] References Cited frame to be rotated by the wind. Each vane is associated

U‘S' PATENT DOCUMENTS w1th one of the openings and is supported for pivotal movement such that it may be moved through 1ts associ

39,248 7/ 1863 Scott ................................. .. 416/116 ated opening between an inward position inside the side

wall and an outward position wherein it extends out 1’753’252 M1930 Strandgren ____ ‘I 416 A12 A ward beyond the s1de wall. Cams located atthe central 2,041,103 5/1936 Zegers ............... .. 416/101 “15 and cam followers are provlded for cycllcally mov 2,171,732 9/1939 Michaelson et al. 416/116 ing each of the vanes to its inward and outward posi 4,260,328 4/1981 Hamel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/17 tions as the frame rotates such that on one side of the

3K3“ ---- -- 413/11); central axis, the vanes are moved to their outward posi , , ason .. .... .. — -

4,410,806 10/1983 Belle ----- -- e- 4W" X 2335x2132‘;ihiealv?nilih?pli‘lii113.5335: 13.523 4,507,049 3/1985 Strandgren ..................... .. 416/ 17 X


2750254 5/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/101 2800551 7/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/ 101 2826180 12/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany ...... .. 416/17

axis, the vanes are moved to their inward positions out of the wind as the vanes are rotated by the frame to the opposite side.


US. Patent Oct. 21,1986 Sheetlofll 4,618,312

U.S. Patent Oct. 21,1986 Sheet2ofll 4,618,312

MG. »©N\ h%\ \%\ \\. “h.

\

U.S. Patent om. 21,1986 Sheet30fll 4,618,312

US. Patent Oct. 21,1986 Sheet4ofll. 4,618,312

U.S. Patent Oct. 21,1986 SheetSofll 4,618,312

FIG. 6

FIG. I7

US. Patent Oct. 21,1986 Sheet6ofll 4,618,312

US. Patent Oct. 21,1986 Sheet7ofll 4,618,312

US. Patent Oct. 21,1986 SheetSofll 4,618,312

U.S. Patent Oct. 21,1986 Sheet9ofll 4,618,312

m A //

US. Patent Oct. 21, 1986 Sheet 10 am 4,618,312

United States Patent [19] Hsech-Pen

4,649,284 Mar. 10, 1987

[11] Patent Number:

[45] Date of Patent:

[54] WINDMILL

Leu Hsech-Pen, PO. Box 16-317, Taipei, Taiwan

[21] Appl. No.: 699,445

[76] Inventor:

[22] Filed: Feb. 7, 1985

[51] int. cu .......................... .. F03D 9/00; FO2P 9/04 [52] US. Cl. .............................. .. 290/55; 416/117 [58] Field of Search ..................... .. 290/44, 55, 43, 54;

416/117, 197 A


1,111,350 9/1914 Bayley ............................... .. 416/117 4,112,311 9/1978 Theyse . . . . . . . . .. 290/55 X

4,245,958 1/1981 Ewers ........................... .. 416/197 A

Primary Examiner—L. T. Hix

Assistant Examiner-Brian W. Brown

[57] ABSTRACT A windmill includes a supporting frame, a vertical transmission shaft rotatably mounted in the supporting frame, a plurality of fan blades, each having two bend ing edges longitudinally formed on the two vertical edges of the blade, horizontally pivotedly mounted on the vertical transmission shaft, a sweeping cleaner formed on the lower portion of the transmission shaft to remove the snow or dirts on a power generator, a

power generator formed on the lower end of the trans mission shaft, and a high-speed braking clutch automati cally braking the rotation of the transmission shaft under stronger wind pressure for safely protecting the power generator.


US. Patent Mar. 10,1987 Sheetl of4 4,649,284

4,649,284 Sheet 2 of 4 US. Patent Mar. 10,1987

U.S. Patent Mar. 10,1987 Sheet3 of4 4,649,284

US. Patent Mar. 10,1987 Sheet4of4 4,649,284

United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 4,764,683 Coombes [45] Date of Patent: Aug. 16, 1988

[54] WIND POWERED ELECTRIC GENERATOR FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

[75] Invcnm“ Dwald E- Cmmbes, Baker’ Oreg- 2300235 10/1976 France .................. .. 416/197 A

[73] Assigneez Lloyd A. smith, Baker’ 0mg‘ ; a part 157071 9/1982 Japan .................... .. 416/197 A

interest Primary Examiner-—William M. Shoop, Jr. Assistant Examiner—Sharon D. Logan

[21] Appl' NO‘: 80,920 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Laubscher & Laubscher

[22] Filed: Aug. 3, 1987 [57] ABSTRACT

[51] Int. cu ......................... .. F03D 7/00; F03D 9/00 An improved wind powered generator includes a [52] US. Cl. ............................... .. 290/55; 416/197 A; streamlined housing rotatably connected with a ?xed

416/DIG. 4; 415/2 A; 415/60; 290/44 base and a pair of helical rotors rotatably connected [58] Field of Search ..................... .. 290/54, 43, 55, 44, With the housing for driving a pair of electric generators

290/; 416/ 197 A, DIG. 4; 415/2 R, 3 R, 2 A, when the rotors are rotated by the wind. The housing 60, 213 R includes forward and rear nacelles which de?ne vertical

. side openings in the housing in which the rotors are [56] References Clted arranged, with the helical vanes thereof partially pro

U_s_ PATENT DOCUMENTS truding from the housing. The nacelles serve to direct the wind stream against the rotor vanes with minimal

1132;? """"""""""""""" " disturbance, whereby the helical rotors capture the 4’265’086 V1981 Baht """""""""" " maximum amount of kinetic energy from the wind for 4,288,200 9/1981 O’Hare .............................. .. 415/2 R °°nvers1on to elecmmy

4,293,274 10/1981 Gilman . 4,369,629 I/ 1983 Lockwood ................. .. 4l6/DIG. 4 10 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets

WIND


24

O

Umted States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 4,830,570 Benesh I [45] Date of Patent: May 16, 1989

[54] WIND TURBINE SYSTEM USING TWIN FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS SAVONIUS'TYPE ROTORS 1123341 5/1981 Canada ......................... .. 416/197 A

. ' 37015 1/1927 Denmark .............. .. 416/197 A

[76] Inventor‘ gilgr‘e?élxgishgggls' Adams Ave" 25023 3/1981 European Pat. Off. .......... .. 415/2 R ’ ' ' 453231 12/1927 Fed. Rep. of Germany 416/122 A

L N _: 132 990 821930 10/1951 Fed.Rep.ofGermany 416/197A [21] App 0 ’ 1628140 4/1970 Fed. Rep. of Germany 416/197 A [22] Filed: Dec. 15, 1987 1916460 10/1970 Fed. Rep. of Germany 416/197 A

2758447 7/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany 415/2 R [51] Int. (14 ......................... .. F03D 3/02; F03D 3/04 2819673 11/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany 416/122 A [52] US. Cl. ............................ .. 415/4.4; 4l6/DIG. 9; 658943 6/1929 France .. 416/197 A

416/121; 416/197 A 727519 6/1932 France .. .. 416/197 A [58] Field of Search ............................. .. 415/2 R—4 R, 797106 4/1936 France -- 416/197 A

, 1048392 12/1953 France .. 415/2 R

4l5/DIG.1A,416/DIG.9,121A,122A,1%Z 2286955 4/1976 France .. 4l5/4R 2431041 3/1980 France .. 415/2 R

56 References Cited 2468003 5/1981 France .. 416/ 197 A [ 1 2522074 8/1983 France .. 415/2 R

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 138466 10/1981 Japan 415/2 R

59,828 11/1866 Fay ........................... .. 416/170 A x 145464 7/1985 JaPa“ 416/ ‘97 A . 65940 12/1924 Sweden . 416/197 A

274,541 3/1883 Zwetbel . . . 410 360 9/1889 Ham .................................. .. 415/2 R 258955 10/1926 Umted Kmgdc’m ---------- " 415/2 R

434,103 8/1390 Gatlin . OTHER PUBLICATION 607,608 7/ 1889 Tinsley . S 764,571 7/1904 Fisher . Chang, Howard H. and McCracken, Horace, “Bucket

1(6); gerry ‘ Rotor Wind-Driven Generator”, from Wind Energy , tamm . .

1,166,765 6/1930 Savonius ....................... .. 416/197 A Convemo” syslems’ p127’- ‘ 1,300,499 5/1919 slagel . (List continued on next page.) 1,413,411 4/ 1922 Lloyd et a1. .................. .. 415/2 R X Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell, Jr. 1,455,950 5/1923 willman ‘ Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Merchant, Gould, Smith, 1,534,799 4/1925 Maine ' E0611, Welter & Schmidt 1,596,373 8/1926 Preston . 1,790,175 1/1931 Spencer ............................ .. 415/2 R [57] ABSTRACT

2’O07’963 7/1935 Cleveland " 416/197 A The present invention relates to a combination of two 3,895,882’ 7/1975 Moyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2 R . . .

4,005,947 2/1977 Norton et a1 416/DIG_ 9 X vertical axis Savomus-type rotors (20,120) mounted on 4,037,983 7/1977 Poeta ........ .. 416/122 A x a Support structure (210) and a de?ect“ Plate (201” 4,039,849 8/1977 Mater et a1 ......... .. 290/55 The de?ector Plate Serves an an augmentation appara- ' 4,111,594 9/1978 Sforza .... .. . 415/2 A X tus which considerably increases the power output of 4,115,028 9/ 1978 Hintze ....... .. 415/2 R both Savonius-type-rotors and also improves their self 4’156,580 5/1979 Pom ‘116/122 A X starting ability and smoothness of operation. The sup 4’204’795 5/1980 Forrest "" " 415/2 R port structure is mounted for rotation about a central 4,278,896 7/ 1981 McFarland . . 290/55 . . 4,288,200 9/198l UHare 4150 R vertical shaft (242) so that the rotor-de?ector combina 4,315,713 2/19g2 Vex-planke 415/2R tion can be properly positioned. The invention also 4,359,311 11/ 1982 Benesh .......... .. 416/ 197 A provides a partition plate (236) positioned between the 4,362,470 12/1982 LO Castro et al- 416/197 A rotors to give rigidity to the de?ector plate. 4,428,711 l/1984 Archer .......... .. 415/2A

4,449,887 5/ 1984 Mundhenke .. 415/4 4,474,529 10/1984 Kinsey 415/2 R 4,652,206 3/1987 Yeoman .. .... .. 415/4

4,715,776 12/ 1987 Benesh .............................. .. 415/2 R 23 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets

4,830,570 Page 2

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Golding, E. W., “The Generation of Electricity by Wind Power”, E. & F. N. Spon, Ltd., London 1955, distributed in USA by Halsted Press, a division of John Wiley & Sones, Inc, New ‘York. Park, Jack, “Wind Machine Design”, from The Wind Power Book, Cheshire Books 1981. Hackelman, Michael, “The Savonius Super Rotor”,

reprinted from the Mother Earth News, No. 183. Newsletter One, A Supplement to Wind and Windspin ners, Jul. 1975. Savonius, S. J., “The S-Rotor and Its Applications”, reprinted from Mechanical Engineering, May 1931, vol. 53, No. 5. Vance, W., “Vertical Axis Wind Rotors-Status and Potential”, from Wind Energy Conversion Systems, pp. 28-30.

U.S. Patént May 16,1989 Sheet 1 0f 6 4,830,570

4,830,570 US. Patent May 16, 1989 Sheet 3 0f 6

4,830,570 US. Patent May 16,1989 Sheet 4 of6

US. Patent May 16,1989 Sheet 5 of6 4,830,570

h .9“.

f2

4,830,570 Sheet 6 0f 6 May 16, 1989

OON\

[0mm

US. Patent

United States Patent [191 Wight

4,963,761 Oct. 16, 1990

[11] Patent Number:


[54] WIND-DRIVEN POWER GENERATOR

C. Calvin Wight, 1496 Lakewood Ave., Lakewood, Ohio 44107

[21] Appl. No.2 304,960

[22] Filed: Feb. 1,1989

[51] Int. Cl.5 .............................................. .. F03D 5/00

[52] U.S. Cl. ...................................... .. 290/55; 415/42 [58] Field of Search ................... .. 290/44, 55; 415/21,

415/4.l, 4.2, 4.4; 98/34, 42.05, 70, 78

[56] ' References Cited


3,302,552 2/1967 Walsh .................................... .. 98/70

[76] Inventor:

3,345,931 10/1967 Walsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98/78

4,018,543 4/1977 Carson et a1. 290/55 X 4,047,834 9/1977 Magoveny et al. 290/55 X 4,070,131 1/ 1978 Yen .................. .. 290/55 X 4,079,264 4/ 1978 Cohen ...... .. 290/55 4,164,382 8/1979 Mysels 290/55 X 4,275,309 6/1981 Lucier ...... .. 290/55 X

4,379,972 4/ 1983 Sosa et a1 290/55 X 4,508,973 4/ 1985 Payne .................................. .. 290/55

Primary Examiner-A. D. Pellinen Assistant Examiner-W. E. Duncanson, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Fay, Sharpe, Beall, Fagan, Minnich & McKee

[57] ABSTRACT A wind-driven power generator comprises a substan tially horizontal roof including upper and lower roof members each having a peripheral edge and a con toured pressure reducing surface. The roof members are disposed in a spaced-apart relationship with the pres sure reducing surfaces facing each other and de?ning an air space therebetween. The distance between the pres sure reducing surfaces varies from a maximum spacing at the peripheral edges of the roof members to a mini mum spacing at an intermediate location of the roof members. The power generator further includes a verti cal suction pipe having an upper end connected to the lower roof member in flow communication with the air space at the intermediate location of the lower roof member. The lower end of the suction pipe extends downwardly from the lower roof member. An impeller is disposed in the suction pipe at the lower end thereof and rotates when air ?ows horizontally through the air space. In accordance with Bernoulli effect, the increase in speed of the horizontal air ?ow at the intermediate location creates a pressure reduction in the air space at the upper end of the suction pipe and draws air up through the suction pipe to rotate the impeller. The impeller preferably is connected to an electrical genera tor that generates electricity when the impeller rotates.

13 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets

US. Patent Oct. 16,1990 Sheet 1 of3 4,963,761

US. Patent Oct.16,1990 Sheet 2 of3 4,963,761

FIG. 2

____

US. Patent Oct.16,1990 Sheet 3 d3 4,963,761

H64 ‘

United States Patent [19] Kato

5,038,049 Aug. 6, 1991

[11] Patent Number:


[54] VERTICAL AXIS WIND POWERED GENERATOR

[76] Inventor: Shuichi Kato, 8740 W. Leutz Rd., Oak Harbor, Ohio 43449

[21] Appl. No.: 581,016 Filed: Sep. 12, 1990

[51] Int. Cl.5 .............................................. .. F03D 3/04 [52] US. Cl. ............................ .. 290/55; 290/54;

415/21; 415/44; 416/9; 416/197 A [58] Field of Search ................... .. 290/54, 55; 415/2.1,

415/44; 416/9, 197 A


4,012,163 3/1977 Baumgartner et al. ............ .. 415/21 4,350,900 9/1982 Baughman .......................... .. 290/55

4,571,152 2/1986 Tatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/197 A

4,764,683 8/1988 Coombes ............................. .. 290/55

Primary Examiner—A. D. Pellinen Assistant Examiner—Robert L. Hoover Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Marsha1l 8L Melhorn

[57] ABSTRACT An apparatus for generating electric power from wind includes a base, a pair of upstanding, generally parallel, spaced apart walls rotatably mounted on the base and de?ning an inlet end and an outlet end for wind, an electric power generator mounted on the base and hav ing an input shaft, and a vertical axis cylindrical rotor having a plurality of wind driven vanes and mounted on the base between the walls, and having an output shaft coupled to rotate the input shafts. A curved inner mod ulator is rotatably mounted on the base inside said rotor and is selectively movable for controlling wind flow through the rotor. An inlet modulator is rotatably mounted on the base at the inlet end and is selectively movable for controlling wind flow to the rotor. A ?rst generally planar director is pivotally mounted on an outer surface of one of the walls and a second generally planar director is pivotally mounted on an inner surface of the other one of the walls and both directors are responsive to the wind for positioning the inlet end toward the wind.


US. Patent Aug. 6, 1991 Sheet 1 of 2 5,038,049

FIG. 2

United States Patent 1191 [11] Patent Number‘: 5,051,059 Rademacher [45] Date of Patent: Sep. 24, 1991

[54] FLUID POWERED ELECTRIC GENERATOR 1,494,528 5/1924 Clanton et al. ....................... .. 415/7 HAVING HINGED VANE ROTOR 4,383,797 5/1983 Lee ........................................ .. 415/7

[76] Inventor: T. Peter Rademacher, 5385 River FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Styx Rd” Medma» Ohm 44256 102791 9/1898 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/119

. 40240 3/1980 Japan .................................. .. 4l5/3.1 [21] Aippl' No" “L350 1452483 10/1976 United Kingdom ......... .. 416/197 A

[22] Flled: Oct' 13’ 1989 Primary Examiner—John T. Kwon [51] Int. Cl.5 ............................................. .. B63H 1/34 [52] us. 01. ....................................... .. 415/7; 415/31; [57] ABSTRACT

416/ 85; 416/ 140 A hinged vane rotor generating power from rivers, [58] Field of Search ................. .. 415/3.l, 4.3, 4.5, 2.1, Streams, tides or wind. A cylindrical drum is supported

415/906, 905, 903, 7; 416/35, 36, 140, 197 A sideways in a current by axles at the ends connected to [56] References Cited pulleys which are in turn, connected to a generator(s),

mill wheel, pump or other working device. The rotor is us‘ PATENT DOCUMENTS turned by a series of hinged vanes, each one opening to

100,761 3/1870 Heitmann .............................. .. 415/7 catch the current on one side of the drum and closing to

113,284 51/1871 Folsom . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4l6/l19 avoid the current on the other side of the drum_ A 115'660 6A8.” Tuder ' ' ~ ' ' ‘ ' ' " 415/ 141 directing component is incorporated to increase current

302,769 7/1884 Pallausch ....... .. 415/7 . .d f h d d d . . t h 774,592 11/1904 Mathews ........... .. 416/119 agamst_one 5' e 0 t 6 mm an re “Ce “ agams t ‘3

1,037,269 9/1912 Johnston 416/119 other slde 1,109,839 9/l914 Henry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/7

1,265,114 5/1918 Riddle ........................... .. 416/197 A 8 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets


|

E9: mmOMU< g0 mDODZEOO

mm 21

WW 3

Shéet 4 of 7 5,051,059 US. Patent Sep. 24, 1991

m.@E

US. Patent ‘Sep. 24, 1991 Sheet 5 of 7 5,051,059

39“. v izQBwmE we;

US. Patent _ Sep.24, 1991 Shée~t60f7 . 5,051,059

US. Patent Sep. 24, 19.91 Sheet 7 of 7 5,051,059

US005098264A

Patent Number: [11] 5,098,264 Date of Patent: Mar. 24, 1992

United States Patent [191 Lew [45]

u... m "Ms .5 n u , n m m mm who. W amwwo Gwuum 56788 88888 99999 11111 VWNWW 1 1 72652 M1886 ,3,5,1,7, 48656 911867 4,6,6,7,7, 44444 a, a V r

E A m 1., m S 1% mm 8 W7 0 W5 P kw D m an s. n yo .11. KC 5

m :

.. o

A m N

Y t

. n .L C p

m m P Y I A “Q. U... 5 7 2 [ .l. .l.

- _ Primary Examiner-Richard A. Bertsch [22] F?ed' May 23’ 1990 Assistant Examiner-David L. Cavanaugh

[57] ABSTRACT An apparatus harnessing energy belonging to ?uid stream comprises a plurality of elongated ?uid dynamic


Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 375,466, Pat. No. 5,051,078.

[51] Int. Cl.5

Jul. 5, 1989, [63]

F031) 7 m6; F04C 2/00 force receiving members with cambered cross sections

418/23; 418/268; disposed parallel to and about a shaft and supported by at least one hub member affixed to the shaft wherein the

416/119 . . . . . .

260 263. individual fluid dynamlc force recelving member 15 ’ 8*}, 119' secured to the hub member in a pivotable arrangement

416/87; [58] Field of Search 418/23, 268

73/189, 861.85, 861.86, 861.87; 416/17, about a pivot axis disposed near one extremity thereof in [56] References Cited a parallel relationship to the shaft, and at least one circu

U,S, PATENT DOCUMENTS lar cam guide disposed on a plane perpendicular to the

sd r. e m w? 11mm fm 8 mn a0 cd 8 ff. 8

e

00 h ww. s hhm. 8 aa Ire . Dub PPC f amm D ytg 2 bon s, dt.w m edi .m gee

3.16 a gue

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.1

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mww Smd wwwmm lll way/Ow 11111 44444 m. m Md "8"" mm m mm .@ mnia “3am cm v.ui .1 r3 SBPBW 71334 78888 99999 11111 ///// 95515 1 76125 48021 90,332, 85351 M6815 .2,3,4,4, 44444.

O 6

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2 6

US. Patent Mar. 24, 1992 Sheet 1 of 2 5,098,264

32 46 33 45

3

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38 49 4|

if 4 4.

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56

57 58 Fig. 5

US. Patent Mar. 24, 1992 Sheet 2 of 2 5,098,264

1 1~64 l ill

--MOTOR CONTROL ‘—--—-r

United States Patent [191 Alejandro et a1.

llllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll US005206537A

[11] Patent Number: 5,206,537 [45] Date of Patent: Apr. 27, 1993

[54] EPCON ENERGY FIELD SYSTEM AN ENERGY PRODUCING CONGLOMERATE (EPCAN) SYSTEM USING WIND ENERGY, SOLAR PANELS, AND STEAM TURBINES

[75] Inventors: Jose L. A. Alejandro; Serge J. Grant, both of Galveston, Tex.

[73] Assignee: ECM International Inc., Tacoma, Wash.

[21] Appl. No.: 587,051 [22] Filed: Sep.24, 1990

[51] Int. Cl.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. F03D 11/00

[52] U.S. Cl. ................................... .. 290/1 R; 290/44; > 290/55

[58] Field of Search ..................... .. 290/56, 52, 44, 55; 126/437, 438


3,892,433 7/1975 Blake ................................... .. 290/52 4,079,591 3/1978 Derby et a1. 126/438 4,080,221 3/1978 Manclas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 126/438

4,159,427 6/1979 Wicdcmann 126/438 4,213,303 7/1980 Lane 4,551,631 11/1985 Trigilio

Primary Examiner-A. D. Pellinen Assistant Examiner-Robert Lloyd Hoover

[57] ABSTRACT The speci?cation discloses an Energy Producing Con

glornerate (EPCON) system using wind energy, solar panels, and steam turbines producing electricity from the kinetic energy of the wind and the thermal energy of the sun. A novel single shaft con?guration that sup ports multiple induction generators which are driven by rotors of four windtraps and/or by steam turbines which receive steam pressure from solar panels. The steam is generated by solar lens panels. Solar parabolic collector dish or a natural gas steam boiler are also contemplated in the EPCON system.

The energy producing ?eld consists of up to a thousand of these windtrap units supported by a common water resource. A system controller supports the system by monitoring wind speeds, sun intensity, and load require ments and activates or deactivates system elements. An interconnect to a utility line and/or energy storage facility is part of the system. The units are mostly pre fabricated with ?nal installation on site without the need of any heavy equipment making it possible for buyers to install the EPCON system on their own. The windtrap unit along with the solar panels are shipped to the site via a specialized transporter that assists in the installation process. The system is further uniquely de signed to be lowered to a relatively safe harbor in the event of excessive wind conditions. System mainte nance is also simpli?ed with this feature.


US. Patent Apr. 27, 1993‘ Sheet 1 of 16‘ 5,206,537

29 28

3

27 26 25 24 28

FIG. 1

US. Patent A pppppppp 93 Sheet 2 of 16 5,206,537

FIG, 1A "Prior APT"

US. Patent Apr. 27, 1993 Sheet 3 of 16 5,206,537

=t< L029.

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US. Patent Apr. 27, 1993 Sheet 4 of 16‘ 5,206,537

LO 0’) \ T ("1

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PW? 10E? T,

U.S. Patent Apr. 27, 1993 Sheet 8 of 16

mi OEW mm mm I

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United States Patent [191

lllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll US005332354A

[11] Patent Number: 5,332,354 [45] Date of Patent: Jul. 26, 1994 Lamont

[54] WIND TURBINE APPARATUS

[76] Inventor: John S. Lamont, 3000-360 Main St., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3C 461

[21] Appl. No.: 91,432

[22] Filed: Jul. 15, 1993

[51] Int. Cl.5 .............................................. .. F03D 3/04 [52] US. Cl. .................................... .. 415/4.2; 4l5/2.1;

415/907 [58] Field of Search ................. .. 415/2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4,

415/905, 907


171,962 l/1876 Stephens et a1. ................... .. 415/4.l 1,903,307 4/1933 Gillio . 2,667,589 l/1954 Levrero .............................. .. 290/55

3,944,840 3/1976 Troll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

4,031,405 6/1977 Asperger ........... .. 290/55 4,047,834 9/1977 Magoveny et a1. . .. 415/3 4,084,918 4/1978 Pavlecka ........... .. 415/2.l

4,162,410 7/1979 Amick . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

4,179,007 12/1979 Howe ........ .. 180/65 DD

4,191,505 3/1980 Kaufman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2.l

4,278,896 7/1981 McFarland . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

4,288,704 9/1981 Bosard ............................ .. 290/55

4,350,900 9/1982 Baughman .... .. 415/907

4,398,096 8/1983 Faurholtz .... .. 290/55

4,490,623 12/1984 Goedecke 415/907 4,508,973 4/1985 Payne ........ _. 290/55

5,038,049 8/1991 Kato ...... .. 290/55

5,083,899 l/l992 Koch .................................. .. 415/2,l

11" ......-.»mm

will till’ I


0380018 9/1923 Fed. Rep. of Germany ..... .. 4l5/4.2

Primary Examiner-Edward K. Look Assistant Examiner--Mark Sgantzos Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis

[57] ABSTRACT A wind driven turbine installation has a rotatable enclo sure with closable inlet and outlet openings. The rotat able enclosure includes a driving arrangement and a wind direction sensor arrangement that monitors the incident wind direction and aligns the enclosure such that the inlet opening is aligned with the prevailing wind direction. The inlet opening includes an accelera tion passage which increases wind velocity and directs the wind to a wind driven turbine device disposed within the installation. The turbine device includes a converging inlet passage, a secondary inlet passage, and an exhaust passage. A turbine rotor is disposed within the turbine device such that wind entering the primary inlet drives the rotor in part by following rotor vanes, and in part by passing across the rotor vanes. Wind entering the secondary passage is redirected toward the primary inlet and drives the rotor in the forward direc tion. Wind from the secondary passage is con?uent with wind from the primary inlet that passes through the rotor. The confluent air ?ow exhausts through the rotor at the exhaust opening where that portion of the pri mary air which follows the rotor is also exhausted. The wind turbine device may be mounted for rotation about a vertical axis within the secondary housing so as to adjust itself to the direction of the prevailing wind.


36

llillllip ;|" Will!)

US. Patent July 26, 1994 ' Sheet 1 of 8 5,332,354

US. Patent ' July 26,1994 Sheet 2 of8 5,332,354

US. Patent _ July 26, 1994 Sheet 3 of 8 5,332,354

US. Patent July 26, 1994 Sheet 4 of 8 5,332,354

£5.11

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. [52]

United States Patent [191 Walters

US 005 6644 1 8A

5,664,418 Sep. 9, 1997

[11] Patent Number:


[54] WHIRL-WIND VERTICAL AXIS WIND AND WATER TURBINE

Inventor: [76] Victor Walters, PO. Box 250, Sechelt, British Columbia, Canada, VON 2A0

[21]

[22]

Appl. No.: 625,103

Filed: Apr. 1, 1996


[63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 156,701, Nov. 24, 1993, Pat No. 5,503,530.

Int. Cl.6 .......................... .. F03B 13/18; F03B 13/24; F03B 13/26; F03D 3/04

US. Cl. ............................... .. 60/398; 60/500; 60/506; 290/53; 290/55; 415/3.1; 415/4.2; 415/7;

415/8; 415/122.1; 415/123; 415/907; 416/85; 416/169 R; 416/170 R; 416/197 A; 416/DIG. 4;

417/332 Field of Search ............................. .. 41512.1, 3.1, 4.1,

415/42, 4.4, 7, 8, 906, 907, 122.1, 123, 124.1; 416/85, 86, 169 R, 170 R, 197 A,

DIG. 4; 417/332; 60/398, 500, 506; 440/9; 290/42, 44, 53, 55

[51]

[5 3]


204,481 6/1878 Cleland .................................. .. 415/4.l

3,994,621 11/1976 Bogie ......... .. 4l6/197A 4,031,405 6/1977 Asperger ........ .. 415/4.4

4,560,884 12/1985 Whittecar . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/42

5,183,386 2/1993 Feldman et a1. .. 415/42 5,503,530 4/1996 Walters ............................. .. 416/197A

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUNIENTS

0167694 l/1986 European Pat. O?’. .............. .. 415/42 3631709 3/1988 Germany .......... .. 415/42

7712530 11/1977 Netherlands .......................... .. 415/21

Primary Examiner-Christopher Verdier Attorney, Agent, or Firm-David J. French

[57] ABSTRACT

A vertical axis wind turbine is supported by a frame held in place by an encircling series of crescent-shaped tubular de?ector vanes. The vanes widen towards the turbine core, concentrating the Wind. The wind is trapped momentarily on entering the turbine cavities. Air can be supplied to such cavities from a compressed air source driven by wave action on a body of water.


U.S. Patent Sep. 9, 1997 Sheet 1 of 5 5,664,418

FIG. I

US. Patent Sep. 9, 1997 Sheet 3 0f 5 I 5,664,418

FIG. 3

US. Patent Sep. 9, 1997 Sheet 4 0f 5 5,664,418

\ I I

FIG.4


42

FIG. 5

US005852331A

Ulllted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,852,331 Giorgini [45] Date of Patent: Dec. 22, 1998

[54] WIND TURBINE BOOSTER 4,508,973 4/1985 Payne ...................................... .. 290/55 4,551,631 11/1985 Trigilio 290/55

[76] Inventor: Roberto Giorgini, PO. Box 2051, St. 4,764,683 8/1988 COOIIlbeS 290/55 Maarten, Netherlands Antilles 5,038,049 8/1991 Kato .......... .. 290/55

5,391,926 2/1995 Staley et a1. ............................ .. 290/55 5,457,346 10/1995 Blumberg et a1. ...................... .. 290/55

[21] APPI- NO-I 667,405 5,664,418 9/1997 Walters ................................... .. 60/398

[22] Filed: Jun. 21, 1996 6 Primary Examiner—Clayton E. Laballe

[51] Int. Cl. ...................................................... .. F031) 3/04 Assistant Examiner_NiCh01a5 Ponomarenko

[52] US. Cl. .............................. .. 290/55; 290/44; 415/42; Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Michael I. Kroll 415/44

[58] Field Of Search ................................ .. 290/43, 44, 54, [57] ABSTRACT

290/55; 415/4~2> 44> 907; 416/197 A Abooster (34) for a Wind turbine (12) of the type containing _ an impeller (14) having a plurality of radial curved vanes

[56] References Clted (16) mounted on a shaft (18) connected to an electric

U_S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS generator~(20). The booster (34) comprises a structure (36) _ mounted in a stationary manner about the impeller (14) for

1,595,578 8/1926 Soverelgh - increasing rotation speed of the radial curved vanes (16) on 3,938,90; 2/1976 Magoveny et al. ................... .. 415/1451; the Shaft and Operate more ef?cien?y the electric 2’835’329 $1977 Asperger ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " 290/ generator (20), to put out more electrical energy therefrom.

, , /1977 Mater et a1. .. 290/55

4,086,498 4/1978 SZoeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

4,318,019 3/1982 Teasley et al. 310/156 15 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets

36 I4 34 I8 6 38 4O '6 46

/ ,4L—/?‘\lx\\\\ / 114x 4

44 ,4

“PM E lilill lull]: :r' l.

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58 /\- /> : |l_1_ _ _

/ \\ \\‘—i”’;/ /


24

BATTERY STORAGE

32

\ \\ LOAD MONITOR

STARTER CIRCUIT [I

AUXILLARY GENERATOR

FIG 1A (PRIORART)

FIG 1 (PRIORART)

5,852,331 Sheet 2 0f 2 Dec. 22, 1998 U.S. Patent

US006016014A

Ulllted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 6,016,014 Grigorescu et al. [45] Date of Patent: Jan. 18, 2000

[54] VERTICAL AXIS WIND ENERGY 4,350,898 9/1982 Benoit ..................................... .. 290/55 CONVERSION DEVICE HAVING PANELS 4,419,587 12/1983 Benton ...... .. 290/44 GUIDED BY CARDIOID RAILS 4,575,639 3/1986 RogoW et al. 290/55

4,792,700 12/1988 Ammons 290/55 . - - - . - 5332 925 7/1994 Thomas ................................... .. 290/44 [76] Inventors. Virgil Grlgorescu, Anca Grlgorescu, ’ ’ both of 555 The West Mall #207, 5,463,257 10/1995 Yea ......................................... .. 290/55

Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada, M9C 1G8 Primary Examiner—Steven L. Stephan

[21] APPL NO; 08/699,444 Assistant Examiner—Elvin G. Enad

[22] Filed: Aug. 19, 1996 [57] ABSTRACT

51 Int, C],7 __ F031) 9 ()0 A Wind ener conversion 5 stem Which converts Wind [ l / gy y [52] US. Cl. ............................ .. 290/55; 290/44 energy into electrical energy using the cardioid principle [58] Field of Search 290/44 55. 415/4 1 The system includes a mobile surface reacting to Wind

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii " 415h64’ 235 poWer and constrained to move by rail guide supports ’ ’ having a shape of a cardioid. The system is coupled to an

[56] References Cited electric generator via belts to the shaft to transmit and convert the cardioid movement of the mobile surface mov

U-S~ PATENT DOCUMENTS ing on the rail support unto useful electrical energy.

4,156,580 5/1979 P6111 .......................................... .. 415/2

4,303,835 12/1981 Bair ......................................... .. 290/55 10 Claims, 65 Drawing Sheets

K‘\

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U.S. Patent Jan. 18,2000 Sheet 1 0f 65 6,016,014


0

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\


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Fly. /4 b


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100’


,6 N ‘N

US006158953A

Ulllted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 6,158,953 Lamont [45] Date of Patent: Dec. 12, 2000

[54] WIND TURBINE WITH VARIABLE 5,083,899 1/1992 Koch ...................................... .. 415/2.1 POSITION BLADES 5,211,539 5/1993 McCarty . 416/61

5,332,354 7/1994 Lamont ..... .. 415/4.2

[76] Inventor: John S Lamont, 30th Floor, 360 Main 5,967,749 10/1999 Eaves et al. .............................. .. 416/3

Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS R3C 4G1

1251 7/1977 Japan .................................... .. 415/2.1

[21] AppL NO‘: 09/205,604 2275085 8/1994 United Kingdom ................. .. 415/905

[22] Filed: Dec. 4, 1998 Primary Examiner—F. Daniel Lopez 7 Assistant Examiner—James M McAleenan

[51] Int. Cl. ...................................................... .. F03D 7/00 Attorney) Agent) Or Firm_Bums, Deane, SWeCker & [52] US. Cl. .......................... .. 415/4.4; 415/4.2; 415/125; Mathis L_L_p_

415/907; 416/17; 416/116; 416/119 ’ [58] Field Of Search ............................. .. 415/41, 42, 4.4, [57] ABSTRACT

415/125 130 144 208.1 907 2.1 53.1 . . . . . ’ ’_ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ A Wind turbine has an internal rotor carrying a plurality of

532’ 533’ gosl’sil?jqg’ 34311928’ 111065; 111191’ turbine vanes in a circular path betWeen an inlet opening and ’ ' ’ ’ ’ ’ an exhaust opening. The inlet opening includes a stationary

[56] References Cited dividing vane that delivers one portion of the inlet air?oW to a primary ?oWpath traversing the turbine vanes at two

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS locations. The stationary dividing vane also delivers a sec

1 903 307 4/1933 G?ho ond portion of ‘the inlet air?oW to a second ?oyvpath Which 2’667’589 1/1954 Levreré) ' drives the turbine vanes as those vanes 'move in the part of 3Z944Z84O 3/1976 Troll _ the circular path from the exhaust opening toWard the inlet 470317405 6/1977 Asperger _ opening. The turbin'e'vanes may be mounted so as to have 4,047,834 9 /1977 Magoveny et a1_ _ variable angular positions in different portions of the circular 4,162,410 7/1979 Amick, path. Turbine vane position can be controlled either mag 4,179,007 12/1979 Howe. netically or mechanically. Where vane position is varied 4,278,896 7/1981 McFarland - magnetically, a plurality of permanent magnets With suitable 472887704 9/1981 Bosard - controls adjust the turbine vane position. Where vane posi 4,291,235 9/1981 Bergey, Jr. et a1. .................... .. 290/55 tion is Varied mechanically, a pair of Cam arrangements may 4,350,900 9/1982 Baughman ............................ .. 415/907 be employed' 4,398,096 8/1983 FaurholtZ. 4,508,973 4/1985 Payne . 5,038,049 8/1991 Kato . 10 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets

U.S. Patent Dec. 12,2000 Sheet 1 0f8 6,158,953

Sheet 2 0f 8 6,158,953 U.S. Patent Dec. 12, 2000


@QE

mm

mm‘

United States Patent US006191496B1

(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,191,496 B1 Elder (45) Date 0f Patent: Feb. 20, 2001

(54) WIND TURBINE SYSTEM 3,902,072 8/1975 Quinn ................................... .. 290/44 3,942,909 3/1976 Vengst ............................ .. 416/132 B

(76) Inventor: Dillyn M. Elder, 1513 E. Lake St., Fort 3,977,409 8/1976 Luchuk - 416/145 Collins CO (Us) 80524 3,994,621 11/1976 Bogle ..... .. .. 415/186

’ 4,031,405 * 6/1977 Asperger .............................. .. 290/55

( * ) Notice: Under 35 U.S.C. 154(b), the term of this (List Continued on next page) patent shall be extended for 0 days.


(21) Appl. N0.: 09/452,734 867380 2/1953 (DE) . _ 167694 1/1986 (EP) .................................... .. 415/42

Flledl Dec. 1, 0216384 4/1987 ~

_ _ 515652 4/1921 (FR) .

Related US. Appl1cat10n Data 727519 3/1931 (FR) _ (60) Provisional application No. 60/110,519, ?led on Dec. 1, 61140 3/1955 (FR) ................................... .. 416/236

1998 2231805 11/1990 (GB) .

(51) Int. c1.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 3/04 69701 5/1980 (JP) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " ‘HG/197A

(52) US. Cl. ............................................... .. 290/55; 290/44 Primary Examiner—Nicholas Ponomarenko (58) Field of Search ................................ .. 290/43, 44, 54, (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Santange10 Law Offices,

290/55 PC

(56) References Cited (57) ABSTRACT

U S PATENT DOCUMENTS The present invention relates to a Wind turbine used to ' ' convert Wind energy into mechanical energy, more

143,100 9/1873 Sheplar et a1. . speci?cally, a long axis type of vertical-axis turbine allowing 175,530 3/1876 Vernor - large columns of air to be harnessed. These devices differ 201,400 3/1878 Evefhaft - from horizontal-axis (propeller) type Windmills Which typi

3/ gownsend ' 416 197 A cally rotate about a vertical axis in order that they may face 485’933 “£1892 Hititrilegn """""""""""""" " / directly into a Wind. The present invention is designed to be 535’193 3/1895 ChapmaI'l employed as a cost effective alternate poWer source in any 537,494 4/1895 Stevens et' a1. .................... .. 415/907 Wthd condition from a breeze to a gale Wthd~ To increase the 588372 8/1897 Hardaway _ structural integrity, the torque generating elements, namely, 600,893 3/1898 Schmucker, the rotor blades, are not directly attached to the shaft but 640,901 1/1900 Hardaway . rather, they attach to the round top and bottom rotor cage 993,120 5/1911 Sterner - plates through Which torque forces generated can be trans

1a523a295 1/1925 Ryan - fered to the shaft. The unique design of an open cover on the 1,582,162 5/1926 N1C1Cl1O1SOI1 ...................... .. 416/436 R top of the Wind turbine allows Wind from the direction above 1?; s’ggo girrlrizr ' 416/236 R the Wind turbine to be harnessed. The top shield structure has 1’835’018 12/1931 Danieus' """""""""""""" " created a calm Wind area betWeen the shield and the top of

1,935,097 11/1933 Nelson ............................... .. 170/15 the rotor Cage that helps reduce turbidity and greatly tacth' 2,067,542 1/1937 Penton .... .. 170/12 Wes Wind @Xhaust from the System 2,406,268 8/1946 Terhune . . . . . . . . . .. 170/26

3,339,078 8/1967 Crompton ............................ .. 290/44 72 Claims, 11 Drawing Sheets

10A

7 1o 3

6

2 \\ \\

5 ~\ 1

8 '/

US 6,191,496 B1 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,571,152 2/1986 Tater ...................................... .. 415/4 4,632,637 12/1986 Traudt .................................. .. 416/41

4,035,658 7/1977 Diggs ----------------------------------- -- 290/55 4,652,206 3/1987 Yeoman ................................. .. 415/4

4,045,144 8/1977 Loth ...... .. 415/1 476957736 9/1987 Doman et a1_ 290/44 4,075,500 2/1978 Oman e191- 290/55 4,748,339 5/1988 Jamieson 290/55 4,140,433 2/1979 Eckel ---- - 415/2 4,818,181 4/1989 Kodric . 416/196A 4,168,439 9/1979 New Palm 290/44 4,834,610 5/1989 Bond, 111 415/3 4,204,799 5/1980 de Geus .... .. .. 415/2 478507792 7/1989 Yeoman __ 415/4_2

4,247,252 1/1981 Seki er a1 416/44 5,083,039 1/1992 Richardson eta 290/44 4,247,253 1/1981 Sekl ct a1~ 416/44 5,380,149 * 1/1995 Valsamidis .... .. .. 415/2.1

4,291,233 9/1981 Kirschbaum .. 290/1 C 573917926 2/1995 Stale}, et a1_ _ 290/55 4,362,470 12/1982 Lascastro et a1. . . 416/197A 575037530 * 4/1996 Walters _ 416/197A

4,415,814 11/1983 Martinez 290/55 5,852,331 * 12/1998 Giorgini ............................... .. 290/55 4,474,529 10/1984 Kinsey 415/2 R 4,551,631 11/1985 Trigilio ................................ .. 290/55 * cited by examiner

U.S. Patent Feb. 20, 2001 Sheet 1 0f 11 US 6,191,496 B1


Fig. 1A


3

Fig. 2


3

/ O

\\ \ \§ %” ,// 2

/\ O b

/ 4

Fig. 2A


Fig. 3


Fig. 4

U.S. Patent

D

Feb. 20, 2001 Sheet 7 0f 11 US 6,191,496 B1

/

Fig. 4A


Fig. 4B


Fig. 5


10A

Fig. 6


108

10A

Fig. 7


(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,352,473 B1 Clark (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 5, 2002

(54) WINDJET TURBINE 4,759,272 A 7/1988 Zaniewski 5,326,313 A 7/1994 Miniat ....................... .. 454/18

(76) Inventor: Thomas L. Clark, 2809 Rio Branco, 5,332,354 A 7/1994 Lamont ~~~~~~ ~~ 415/42 Suite 1024) Dallas TX (Us) 75234 5,336,050 A 8/1994 Guida et a1. 416/186 R

’ ’ 5,447,412 A 9/1995 Lamont ...... .. 415/42

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2 * Yalters """""""" " 4116:3551]; patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5’664’418 A 9/1997 """""""""""" " 60/398 U'S'C 154(k)) byo days‘ , , a ers ..................... ..


(21) APP1- N91 09/523,258 GB 21885 A * of 1896 ................ .. 454/18 - _ GB 26938 A * 12/1906 .... .. 454/18

(22) Med‘ Mar‘ 10’ 2000 JP 4515549 A * 5/1970 ................ .. 454/18

(51) Int. c1.7 ............................................... .. F23L 17/10 4 Cited by examiner (52) US. Cl. .......................................... .. 454/19; 454/18 _ _

(58) Field of Search .................................... .. 454/18, 19 Primary Examine/A9914 Joyce _ _ orney, gen, 0r zrm enn1s . nggs (74) Art A r F —D T G

(56) References Cited (57) ABSTRACT


1,857,762 A * 5/1932 Meadows ..

1,977,934 A * 10/1934 Bolton .... ..

2,013,244 A * 9/1935 LaVergne .. 2,469,096 A * 5/1949 Wilson .... ..

3,460,855 A * 8/1969 Belden ................... .. 454/18 X

3,797,374 A 3/1974 Jones 3,893,383 A 7/1975 Jones 3,952,638 A 4/1976 Felter et 81. 4,086,028 A 4/1978 Felter ................... .. 416/227A

4,303,375 A 12/1981 Foglesong et a1. ........ .. 416/167 4,379,972 A 4/1983 Sosa et a1. .................. .. 290/44

4,641,571 A 2/1987 Anderson et 81. 4,648,312 A 3/1987 Schad

A roof-mounted Wind turbine includes turbine vanes that are linear-shaped and do not have the conventional convex curvature. Additionally, the turbine vanes are made in com mon With one another or With a common turbine component,

so that each vane does not require individual handling nor individual attachment to the turbine assembly as is required in the construction of conventional Wind turbines that are commercially available today. This is accomplished by producing the vanes by molding or extruding techniques that are commonly used in making plastic assemblies or com ponents.


10

U.S. Patent Mar. 5,2002 Sheet 1 0f 9 US 6,352,473 B1

U.S. Patent Mar.5 2002 Sheet 3 of9

U.S. Patent Mar. 5,2002 Sheet 4 0f 9

U.S. Patent Mar. 5,2002 Sheet 5 of9


M lllln

0 . \

l o

0

0

mull


FWFT“ /38

US006409467B1

(12> Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 6,409,467 B1 Gutterman (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 25, 2002

(54) WIND-GENERATED POWER SYSTEM 4,739,179 A 4/1988 Stites 5,038,049 A 8/1991 K310

(76) Inventor: Howard Gutterman, PO. Box 230881 5,134,305 A 7/1992 Senehi Ansonia Station New York NY (Us) 5,272,378 A 12/1993 Wither ..................... .. 290/1 R 10023 ’ ’ 5,386,146 A * 1/1995 Hickey

5,734,202 A 3/1998 Shuler .................. .. 290/1 R X

* Notice: Sub'ect to an disclaimer, the term of this J y patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.

* cited by examiner

Primary Examiner—John E. RyZnic

(21) Appl. No.: 09/802,574 (57) ABSTRACT

(22) Filed: Mar. 9, 2001 AWind-generated poWer system for producing supplemental (51) Int- Cl? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ “ F031) 1/00_ H021) 9/04 electrical poWer from Wind-producing resource. The Wind

’ generated poWer system includes a subWay system tunnel U-S- Cl- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. R having a Wall and Support Structure being gener_

(58) Field Of Search ......................... .. 290/1 R; 415/4.1, ated by Subway trains passing or traveling at high rates of 415/4~2> 43> 44> 45 speed therethrough; and also includes Wind-collecting ducts

being spaced throughout the subWay system tunnel and (56) References Clted being attached to the Wall and support structure; and further

U_S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS includes shrouds being mounted to the Wall and support structure and being connected to the Wind-collecting ducts;

27616506 A * 11/1952 Mathias ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 415/45 X and also includes turbine generators being mounted in the 3,720,840 A * 3/1973 Gregg """""""""" " 415/4'3 X shrouds and being adapted to transform Wind to electrical 3,876,925 A * 4/1975 Stoeckert ............... .. 415/4.4 X

3,883,750 A * 5/1975 UZZell, Jr. ............. .. 415/45 X power‘

4,012,163 A 3/1977 Baumgartner et 211. 4,516,907 A * 5/1985 Edwards ................... .. 415/4.5 7 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets

U.S. Patent Jun. 25,2002 Sheet 1 0f 2 US 6,409,467 B1

US006417578B1

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.2 US 6,417,578 B1 Chapman et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 9, 2002

(54) POWER-TRANSDUCER/CONVERSION 4,264,278 A 4/1981 Weingart ................... .. 290/43 SYSTEM AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 4,285,481 A 8/1981 Biscomb .................... .. 290/43

4,415,306 A * 11/1983 Cobden . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/2A

(75) Inventors: Jamie C. Chapman, Boston, MA (US); 2 ghffilok 9t a1~ ----- - ~ , , u c er ..... .. Jon A‘ Peterka’ Ft‘ Colhns’ CO (Us) 4,452,562 A 6/1984 Hsu .......................... .. 290/43

. _ . . . 4,452,568 A 6/1984 Andersson ................. .. 290/43

(73) Asslgnee' Pnme Energy Corporatlom Mmden’ 4,490,093 A 12/1984 Chertok et al. .. 290/43 NV(US) 4,494,007 A 1/1985 Gaston ......... .. 290/43

* _ _ _ _ _ 4,518,312 A 5/1985 Jacobs et al. ..... .. 290/43

( ) Notlcel subtect to any d1sc1a1mer> the term Ofthls 4,525,633 A 6/1985 Wertheim et al. ........... .. 290/43 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 USC 154(k)) by 0 days_ (List continued on neXt page.)

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 09/334,110

CA 2223902 11/1999 (22) Filed: Jun. 16, 1999 DE 3222007 12/1973

FR 745869 5/1933 Related US. Application Data FR 909378 5/1946

FR 1038090 9/1953 (63) Continuation of application No. 08/961,048, ?led on Oct. FR 2394689 2/1979

30, 1997. GB 2 123 487 A 2/1984 (60) Provisional application No. 60/029,387, ?led on Oct. 30, JP 59-126084 7/1984

1996. SU 1231-251 A 5/1986

(51) Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 9/00 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(52) US. Cl. ........................... .. 290/44; 290/43; 290/54; , , , , 290/55 GoldsWorthy—Vert1cal—aX1s Wind Turbine, Nevada Green

(58) Field of Search 290/42 43 53 Energy Project/Green Power Initiative, Oct. 1999, 2 pp.

290/54> 44 Primary Examiner—Nicholas Ponomarenko (74) Attorney, Agent, or F irm—Kolisch HartWell Dickinson

(56) References Cited Mccormack & Hellser

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (57) ABSTRACT

2 Asystem and method (several variations) for interconverting 1,502,433 A 7/1924 Johanson 290/43 moving ?uid poWer and electrical poWer, involving, in one 1,536,968 A 5/1925 Palm ......................... .. 290/43 embodiment, an aerodynamic rotor integrated With an 9199 1,766,765 A 6/1930 savonius ___________________ __ 290/43 trical rotor Without an interconnecting rotating shaft, Where 1,835,018 A 12/1931 Darrieus 290/43 the aerodynamic rotor can either take the form of (a) a 4,048,947 A 9/ 1977 Sicard - - - - - - - - - - -- 290/43 selected style (several discussed herein) hoop-type rotor or

470647403 A 12/1977 Miller 290/43 (b) a fan-blade-type rotor, and in another embodiment, a 4970431 A 1/1978 Yen ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " 290/43 hoop-like aerodynamic rotor coupled directly to the rotor in

T105362 A 8/1978 Sforza 290/43 an electrical generator through a rotating shaft. 4,134,707 A 1/1979 EWers 290/43 4,168,439 A 9/1979 Palma 290/43 4,220,870 A 9/1980 Kelly ........................ .. 290/43 51 Claims, 17 Drawing Sheets

US 6,417,578 B1 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,213,470 A 5/1993 Lundquist .................. .. 290/43 5,221,186 A 6/1993 ' .. 290/43

4,535,252 A * 8/1985 Jacobs et al. ............... .. 290/43 5,254,876 A 10/1993 _ 290/43

1252822 * 13/133? 3°15“ " 33561313 572727378 A 124993 290/43 7 7 Oman 6 a 5,289,042 A 2/1994 Lis ............................ .. 290/43

4,700,081 A 10/1987 Kos et al . 290/43 5,375,324 A 12/1994 Wallace et al. 290/43 4,703,189 A 10/1987 DlValentln eta 290/43

5,405,246 A 4/1995 Goldberg .. 290/43 4,781,523 A 11/1988 Aylor ............ .. 290/43

5,425,619 A 6/1995 Aylor .... .. .. 290/43 4,808,074 A 2/1989 South ......... .. 290/43

. 5,474,425 A 12/1995 Lawlor ........ .. .. 290/43 4,816,696 A 3/1989 Sakayorr et al. 290/43 . 5,478,197 A 12/1995 SchatZ et al. ............... .. 290/43

D300,932 S 5/1989 Slkes ......... .. 290/43 * 5,490,645 A 2/1996 Woodhouse 4,831,297 A 5/1989 Taylor et al. . 310/87

5,494,407 A 2/1996 Benesh 4,838,757 A 6/1989 Benesh .......... .. 290/43

5,499,904 A 3/1996 Wallace et al. 4,891,744 A 1/1990 Yamamoto et al. 290/43 - - 5,506,453 A 4/1996 McCombs

4,915,580 A 4/1990 Obrdnrak ....... .. 290/43 5,591,004 A * 1/1997 Aylor ........................ .. 416/42 4,976,587 A 12/1990 Johnston et al. 290/43 5,632,599 A 5/1997 Townsend

4,994,684 A 2/1991 LauW et al. .. 290/43 5,696,419 A 12/1997 Rakestraw et al. 5,040,948 A 8/1991 Harburg 290/43

. 5,743,712 A 4/1998 Aylor 5,075,564 A 12/1991 Hrckey .......... .. 290/43

. 5,863,180 A 1/1999 Townsend 5,083,039 A 1/1992 Rrchardson et al. 290/43 5 951 249 A 9/1999 A 1 5,083,040 A 1/1992 Whitford et al. 290/43 7 7 Y or

5,140,856 A 8/1992 Larsen ....... .. 290/43

5,209,650 A 5/1993 Lemieux .................... .. 290/43 * crted by exarnrner

U.S. Patent Jul. 9, 2002 Sheet 1 0f 17 US 6,417,578 B1

ELECTRONIC CONTROL

CONVENTIONAL GEARBOX - GENERATOR

Fig. l

22

76 K78

POWER ELECTRONlC CONTROL I & COUPLING TO GRID

DIRECT-DRIVE 74 GENERATOR


96

96


Fig. 6E1 ' ' HP»;

95


8 mm .mE

U.S. Patent

Fig. 22A

320

322

Jul. 9, 2002

Ali/322 l 324 320 F’

322

324

322

334

Sheet 10 0f 17

322

334

US 6,417,578 B1

Fig. 225 Fig. 25A Fig. 255 T

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332

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368

366 370

376

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360 370

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Fig. 55

US006448668B1

(12) United States Patent (16) Patent N6.= US 6,448,668 B1 (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 10, 2002 Robitaille

* 8/1986 Wood 60/496 60/325

.. 261/35

551 A 4 4 4

(54) VERTICAL-AXIS WIND MILL SUPPORTED

. 415/3

* 6/1988 Werner * 8/1988 Cameron et al.

070 A 313 A

BY A FLUID

Ms "WT WIN E O

*

*

4 610 A 5 356 A 6

(76) Inventor: Armand Robitaille, 1075, 2 "me Rang, St. Roch des Aulnaies (CA), GOR-4E0 74/60

310/74 336 A

0 O0 9 1 / 4 2938496 A DE

* Notice: Sub'ect to an disclaimer, the term of this J y patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.

* cited by examiner

(21) Appl. No.: 09/607,714

(22) Filed: Primary Examiner—Nestor Ramirez Assistant Examiner—Julio R. Gonzalez

(57) ABSTRACT Jun. 30, 2000

Related US. Application Data (60) Provisional application No. 60/141 ,259, ?led on Jun. 30, Avertical-aXis Wind turbine installed at the top of a hillock,

1999. in a crater, is constituted of a turbine, a buoy and a cylindrical shape foundation carried over tWo ?oors, and F03B 13/00; H02P 9/04; (51) Int. Cl? comprising a basin located across the higher ?oor and an F03D 9/00

290/54; 290/55; 290/44; alternator room located underground. One or more rotors are (52) US. Cl. 290/43 suspended from the turbine but the Weight thereof supported

44_ 417/7 by Water in the basin. The turbine has a roof in the form of (58) Field of Search 290/55, 416/11, 3.1, 117, 119; 415/42, 907 a plane Wing (Naca), a collecting section having a number

of blades spread over all the circumference of the section leaving a series of openings by Which the air strikes each blade, and a ?oor Which receives the blades, level With the top of the hillock. A buoy Wherein the Water supports the

(56) References Cited


29O/44 Weight of the~turbine~ and rotor creates a state of'Weight lessness. By violent Wmds, the buoy may be ?lled With Water to create inertia and the Water in the basin be lowered by

416/119 gravity, into an adjacent tank, to bury the turbine Within the 60/496 crater.

09 01 AH 16 61 4

.. 244/199

* 8/1975 Quinn * 10/1976 Kalpins * 10/1977 Rumsey ..

* 12/1979 Drees

* 6/1980 Rainey * 12/1983 De Waal ..

9/1984 Hojo et al.

3 072 A 3 367 A 4 134 A 4 367 A 4 741 A 4 880 A 4 74/5.9 9 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets 665 A

U.S. Patent Sep. 10, 2002 Sheet 1 0f 5 US 6,448,668 B1

\\\\\\

mm


FIG.2


47 24

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vm

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(12) United States Patent Elder

US006448669B1

(10) Patent N0.: (45) Date of Patent:

US 6,448,669 B1 Sep. 10, 2002

(54)

(76)

(*)

(21) (22)

(63)

(60)

(51) (52) (58)

(56)

WATER POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

Inventor: Dillyn M. Elder, 1513 E. Lake St., Fort Collins, CO (US) 80524

Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.

Appl. No.: 09/789,961

Filed: Feb. 20, 2001


Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/452,734, ?led on Dec. 1, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,191,496. Provisional application No. 60/110,519, ?led on Dec. 1, 1998.

Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 3/04

US. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/54; 290/43

Field of Search ............................ .. 290/43, 44, 54, 290/55

References Cited


143,100 A 9/1873 Sheplar et a1. 175,530 A 3/1876 Vernor 201,400 A 3/1878 Everhart

(List continued on next page.)


867380 2/1953 167694 1/1986 ............... .. 415/4.2

0216384 4/1987 515652 4/1921 727519 3/1931 61140 3/1955 ............... .. 416/236

10A

GB 2231805 A JP 55-69701

11/1990 5/1980

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

........... .. 416/197 A

US. patent application Ser. No. 09/452,734, “Improved Wind Turbine System”, ?led Dec. 1, 1999, 28 pages and 11 drawings. US. Provisional Application, 60/110,519, “Improved Wind Turbine System”, ?led Dec. 1, 1998, 11 pages and 11 drawings.

Primary Examiner—Nicholas Ponomarenko

(57) ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a turbine used to convert wind or ?uid energy, and in some embodiments the kinetic energy of water, into mechanical energy, more speci?cally, a long axis type of vertical-axis turbine allowing large columns of air or water to be harnessed. These devices differ from horizontal-axis (propeller) type windmills or water mills which typically rotate about a vertical axis in order that they may face directly into a wind. The present invention is designed to be employed as a cost effective alternate power source in any wind or water current condition from a breeZe to a gale wind, to a slow to moderate to fast water currents. To increase the structural integrity, the torque generating elements, namely, the rotor blades, are not directly attached to the shaft but rather, they attach to the round top and bottom rotor cage plates through which torque forces gen erated can be transferred to the shaft. The unique design of an open cover on the top of the wind or water turbine allows wind or water from the direction above the turbine to be harnessed. The top shield structure has created a calm wind or water area between the shield and the top of the rotor cage that helps reduce turbidity and greatly facilitates wind or water exhaust from the system.


US 6,448,669 B1 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,075,500 A 2/1978 oman et a1. ................ .. 290/55 4,140,433 A 2/1979 Eckel .......................... .. 415/2

399,171 A 3/1889 Townsend 4,168,439 A 9/1979 Pa1ma ....................... .. 290/44 455,858 A 7/1891 Pepper ................. .. 416/197A 4,204,799 A 5/1980 dc Geus 415/2 485,933 A 11/1892 Herman 4,247,252 A 1/1981 Seki et a1. .. 416/44 535,193 A 3/1895 Chapman 4,247,253 A 1/1981 Seki et a1. 416/44 537,494 A 4/1895 Stevens et a1. ........... .. 415/907 4291233 A 9/1981 Kirschbaum ____ __ 290/1 C

588,572 A 8/1897 Hardaway 4,362,470 A 12/1982 Lacastro eta1. .. 416/197A 600,893 A 3/1898 Schmucker 4,415,814 A 11/1983 Martinez ............. .. 290/55 640,901 A 1/1900 Hardaway 4,474,529 A 10/1984 Kinsey . 415/2 R 993,120 A 5/1911 Sterner 4,551,631 A 11/1985 Trigilio .. 290/55

1,523,295 A 1/1925 Ryan 4,571,152 A 2/1986 Tater ..... .. 415/4 1,583,165 A 5/1926 Nicholson ............. .. 416/236 R 4,632,637 A 12/1986 Traudt 416/41 1,615,675 A 1/1927 Bender 4,652,206 A 3/1987 Yeoman .. . 415/4 1,758,560 A 5/1930 Currie .................. .. 416/236 R 4,695,736 A 9/1987 Doman et aL _ 290/44

1,835,018 A 12/1931 Darrieus 4,748,339 A 5/1988 Jamieson ..... .. .. 290/55 1,935,097 A 11/1933 Nelson ...................... .. 170/15 4,818,181 A 4/1989 Kodric 416/196A 2,067,542 A 1/1937 Penton 170/12 4,834,610 A 5/1989 Bond, 111 ..... .. 415/3 2,406,268 A 8/1946 Terhune 170/26 4,850,792 A 7/1989 Yeoman ............ .. . 415/4.2 3,339,078 A 8/1967 Crompton - 290/44 5,083,039 A 1/1992 Richardson et a1. . 290/44 3,902,072 A 8/1975 Quinn ---- -- 290/44 5,380,149 A 1/1995 Valsamidis ......... .. . 415/2.1

3,942,909 A 3/1976 Yengst - 416/132 B 5,391,926 A 2/1995 staley et a1. .... .. 290/55 3,970,409 A 7/1976 Luchuk - 416/145 5,503,530 A 4/1996 Walters .... .. 416/197A 3,994,621 A 11/1976 Bogle ...... .. .. 415/186 5,852,331 A 12/1998 Giorgini u u 290/55

4,031,405 A 6/1977 Asperger 290/55 6,191,496 B1 * 2/2001 Elder ........................ .. 290/44 4,035,658 A 7/1977 Diggs ...... .. 290/55 4,045,144 A 8/1977 Loth ........................... .. 415/1 * cited by examiner


10A

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US006538340B2

US 6,538,340 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: Elder (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 25, 2003

(54) WIND TURBINE SYSTEM 6,448,669 B1 * 9/2002 Elder ........................ .. 290/54

(75) Inventor: Dillyn M. Elder, Fort Collins, CO (US) * Cited by examiner

(73) Assignee? l'gesdwinds Corporation, Dallas, TX Primary Examiner—Nicholas Ponomarenko ( ) (57) ABSTRACT

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this . . . . patent is extended or adjusted under 35 The present invention relates to an improved turbine used to USC' 154(k)) by 22 days‘ convert ~Wmd mto mechanical energy, more ~speci?cally, a

long axis type of vertical-axis turbme alloWmg large col umns of Wind to be harnessed. These devices differ from

(21) Appl' NO‘: 09/923’043 horizontal-axis (propeller) type Windmills Which typically (22) Filed; Aug 6, 2001 rotate about a vertical axis in order that they may face

directly into a Wind. The improvement includes constructing (65) Prior Publication Data the components of the invention from lightweight materials

Us 2OO3/0025335 A1 Feb‘ 6’ 2003 vvhich allow 'the enhanced conversion of Wind kinetic energy mto mechanical energy by the Wind turbme. The preferred

(51) Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 3/04 materials include honeycomb sandwich panels manufac (52) US. Cl. ............... .. 290/55; 290/44 tured from non-metallic materials such as aramid ?ber. The

(58) Field of Search ............................ .. 290/43, 44, 54, Present invention is designed to be employed as a Cost 290/55 effective alternate poWer source in any Wind from a breeZe

to a gale Wind. To increase the structural integrity, the torque (56) References Cited generating elements, namely, the rotor blades, are not

directly attached to the shaft but rather, they attach to the Us‘ PATENT DOCUMENTS round top and bottom rotor cage plates through Which torque

4,224,528 A * 9/1980 Argo _________________________ __ 290/55 forces generated can be transferred to the shaft. The unique 4,494,007 A * 1/1985 Gaston ...................... .. 290/44 design of an open cover on the top of the Wind turbine allows 4,857,753 A * 8/1989 MeWburn-Crook et a1. 290/55 Wind from the direction above the turbine to be harnessed. 5,038,049 A * 8/1991 K810 ......................... .. 290/55 The [Op Structure has Created a Calm area

53917926 A * 2/1995 Stf11eY§ta1~ 290/55 betWeen the shield and the top of the rotor cage that helps 5,852,331 A * 12/1998 Glorgml ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " 290/55 reduce turbidity and greatly facilitates Wind exhaust from

6,172,429 B1 * 1/2001 Russell . . . . . . . . . .. 290/54 the System‘

6,191,496 B1 * 2/2001 Elder . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

6,320,273 B1 * 11/2001 Nemec . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

6,448,668 B1 * 9/2002 Robitaille .................. .. 290/54 51 Claims, 14 Drawing Sheets

10A

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Fig. 2A


Fig. 3


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Fig. 4B


10A

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10A

Fig. 7

U.S. Patent Mar. 25, 2003 Sheet 13 0f 14 US 6,538,340 B2

22

"W

U.S. Patent Mar. 25,2003 Sheet 14 0f 14

22

FIG.8B

US006674181B2

(12> Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 6,674,181 B2 Harbison (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 6, 2004

(54) WIND-DRIVEN TWIN TURBINE 4,764,683 A 8/1988 Coombes 4,960,363 A * 10/1990 Bergstein .................. .. 415/3.1

(76) Inventor: Charles C. Harbison, 5001 Jay Ave., 5,038,049 A 8/1991 Kato Las Vegas NV (Us) 89130 5,457,346 A * 10/1995 Blumberg et al. .......... .. 290/55

’ 6,448,669 B1 * 9/2002 Elder ........................ .. 290/54

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this . _ * cited by examiner patent is extended or adJusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 100 days. Primary Examiner—Nicholas Ponomarenko

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Edgar W. Averill, Jr.

(22) Filed: Dec‘ 31’ 2001 AWind-driven turbine assembly useful for the generation of (65) Prior Pubhcation Data electricity. The turbine assembly has a frame Which holds

tWo parallel turbines supported by the top and ?oor of the Us 2003/0122380 A1 Jul‘ 3’ 2003 frame. Each turbine has a central support pipe With turbine

(51) Int. c1.7 ................................................ .. F03D 3/00 veihe eXtehehhg ehtwerdly- The Wind ehters the front of the (52) US. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44 gaffe “Ed lshsplflthlhte two Etteams WhICh Ethke the Outer (58) Field Of Search ............................ .. 290/43, 44, 54, a 65° “C O t e ‘W0 “H mes’ Causmgt em to rotate 1“

opposite directions. The frame has side doors Which tend to 290/55 open as Wind velocity increases. The frame also has a back

(56) References Cited panel Which also may be adjusted betWeen open and closed positions. Electrical generators are operably connected to

Us. PATENT DOCUMENTS shafts of the turbine to convert the energy absorbed from the

3,876,925 A * 4/1975 Stoeckert ..................... .. 322/1 Wmd mm elecmclty'

4,088,419 A * 5/1978 Hope et al. 415/4.4 4,295,783 A * 10/1981 Lebost ..................... .. 415/4.4 8 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets

U.S. Patent Jan. 6, 2004 Sheet 1 of4 US 6,674,181 B2

Sheet 3 0f 4 US 6,674,181 B2 U.S. Patent Jan. 6, 2004


11

M N 4 3

35 3

AWL/1 / /

/ VOOOGOOOOO OOOOOOOOO L OOOOOOOOO .IIIZIIIZ? / \

mad/"g 30AM :

65

k OOQOOOOO w Av Y OOOOOOOOO 000000000 34 ‘i

US006688842B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 6,688,842 B2 Boatner (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 10, 2004

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND ENGINE Primary Examiner—EdWard K. Look Assistant Examiner—Kimya N McCoy

IIIVGIIIOIT Bruce E. Boatner, Pebble Beach Attorney) Or Firm_LOya1 McKinley Hanson Dr., Murrieta, CA (US) 92563

(57) ABSTRACT * Notice: Sub'ect to an disclaimer, the term of this J y

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 5 days.

Avertical axis Wind engine, also referred to as a vertical axis Wind turbine (VAWT) includes a support structure, a rotor mounted rotatably on the support structure for rotation about a vertical axis, and at least one airfoil for causing the rotor

(21) APPL N05 10/178’209 to rotate about the vertical axis in response to Wind passing (22) Filed, Jun_ 24 2002 the Wind engine. The airfoil has vertically extending leading

’ and trailing edges, an angle-of-attack axis extending hori (65) PriOI‘ PubliCatiOIl Data Zontally through the leading and trailing edges, and a pivotal

axis extending vertically intermediate the leading and trail US 2003 0235498 A1 D . 25 2003 . . . . .

/ e0 ’ mg edges. The airfoil is mounted on the rotor for pivotal (51) Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 7/00 movement about the pivotal axis and the rotor includes (52) US. Cl. ................... .. 415/4.002; 415/44; 415/907; Components for limiting pivotal movement of the airfoil to

416/140 ?rst and second limits of pivotal movement. The airfoil is (58) Field of Search ........................ .. 415/4.2, 4.4, 907; free te Pivet abeiit the Pivetal axis intermediate the ?rst and

416/119, 140 second limits of pivotal movement as the rotor rotates about the vertical axis in order to thereby enable the airfoil to align

(56) References Cited the angle-of-attack axis according to the Wind. Preferably, the Wind engine has more than one free-?ying, self

U'S' PATENT DOCUMENTS positioning airfoil, and the rotor includes ?rst and second 2267357 A 4/1880 Saccone stops for each airfoil that augment virtual stop effects to limit 232,205 A * 9/1880 Preston ..................... .. 416/119 pivotal movement to a radially aligned ?rst limit and 4

2,038,467 A 4/1936 Zanoski tangentially aligned second limit. According to another 4,184,084 A * 1/ 1980 Crehore --------------------- -- 290/55 aspect of the invention, multiple Wind engines are stacked. 43837801 A 5/1983 Pryor Yet another aspect provides an exponentially shaped struc 4’4O8’956 A 10/1983 mice’ Sr' ture surrounding the vertical axis that funnels Wind toWard 4,474,529 A 10/1984 Kinsey the rotor‘ D300,932 S 5/1989 Sikes

* cited by examiner 2 Claims, 10 Drawing Sheets


22+

l"'____-l


Fig. 5


Fig. 6


Fig- 7


I00

Fig. 9


200

2/0 }/ | 201

202

202

204

20? 21/

I. ‘I! ‘h ‘M I. I 'l‘ | |

209/


(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,740,989 B2 Rowe (45) Date of Patent: May 25, 2004

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE 5,044,878 A 9/1991 Wilhelm 5,336,933 A 8/1994 Ernster

(75) Inventor: John Rowe, Whitby (CA) 5,391,926 A 2/1995 Staley ct a1~ 5,664,418 A * 9/1997 Walters ..................... .. 60/398

(73) Assignee: Pacifex Management Inc., Ontario 57852331 A 12/1998 Giorgini (CA) 6,015,258 A 1/2000 Taylor

6,109,863 A 8/2000 Milliken

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this i glieerrts' """""""""""" " (Gag/“Ct iisi’ggnge‘égg adjusted under 35 2002/0047276 A1 4/2002 Elder . . . y ays.

* cited by examiner

(21) Appl' NO': 10/224’463 Primary Examiner—Nicholas Ponomarenko (22) Filed: Aug. 21, 2002 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Oglivy Renault; Paul J.

F' 1d (65) Prior Publication Data 16

US 2004/0036297 A1 Feb. 26, 2004 (57) ABSTRACT

7 A vertical axis Wind turbine With a turbine rotor With rotor """"""""""""""" blades disposed for rotation about a substantially vertical

( ) ' ' ' """""""""""""" " ’ ’ 415/ 4; axis. The turbine includes multiple vertically extending

_ ' stator vanes circumferentially spaced apart about the rotor in Fleld Of Search ............................ .. 44, 54, an annular array‘ Each Vane has a radially inward facing

290/55’ 415/42’ 4'4 surface, a radially outWard facing surface and a ?ange on an

(56) References Cited outer edge of each vane. The ?ange serves to create a

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS

1,578,835 A 4,039,849 A *

Kothe Mater et al. ................ .. 290/55

3/1926 8/1977

4,551,631 A * 11/1985 Trigilio ..................... .. 290/55

4,684,817 A 8/1987 Goldwater 4,686,376 A * 8/1987 RetZ .......................... .. 290/42

turbulent sWirling boundary layer on the vane surfaces that rotates in a direction that draWs and redirects air ?oW into the air ?oW channels de?ned by the stator vanes that is then compressed by the narroWing of the channels and directed to the rotor blades to drive the turbine.


U.S. Patent May 25,2004 Sheet 1 0f 7 US 6,740,989 B2


AuN /

of8

May 25, 2004 Sheet 1 of7 6,740,989 B2

1

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FIGJ

of8

U.S. Patent May 25, 2004 Sheet 2 of7 6,740,989 B2

/ W/

U.S. Patent May 25, 2004

FIGS

Sheet 3 0f 7

Page 4 of8

6,740,989 B2

of8


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of8


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FIG.9


(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,749,394 B2 Boatner (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 15, 2004

(54) ROTATING DISPLAY APPARATUS 4,474,529 A 10/1984 Kinsey D300,932 S 5/1989 Sikes

(76) Inventor: Bruce E. Boatner, 29507 Pebble Beach * Cited by examiner Dr., Murrieta, CA (US) 92563

Primary Examiner—EdWard K. Look ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Assistant Examiner_DWayne J _ White

patent is eXIended 0r adjusted under 35 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Loyal McKinley Hanson U.S.C. 154(b) by 22 days.

(57) ABSTRACT

(21) Appl- NO-I 10/254,204 A rotating display apparatus includes a support structure, a (22) Filed SEP‘ 25 2002 rotor mounted rotatably on the support structure for rotation

' ’ about a vertically disposed rotational axis, and at least tWo (65) Prior Publication Data (preferably more) Wind-reactive elements on the rotor on

Which a user may display promotional, political, or other US 2004/0057830 A1 Mar. 25, 2004 - - - - - - - information, including using the shape of the Wind-reactive

(51) Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 7/06 elements as the displayed information The Wind-reactive

(52) US. Cl. ........................ .. 415/4.2; 415/44; 415/140; elements (airfoil or non'airfo?) Cause the rotor to rotate 415/907 about the rotational axis in response to Wind passing the

(58) Field of Search ............................... .. 416/119, 140; rotating display apparatus‘ Each is free to pivot between a 415/41, 42, 44, 907; 40/479 respective one of ?rst and second pairs of stop positions as

the rotor rotates about the rotational axis in order to self (56) References Cited align according to Wind direction and impart rotational

movement to the rotor, moving through ?ve phases per US PATENT DOCUMENTS revolution as they orbit the rotational axis. One embodiment

226 357 A 4/1880 Saccone includes a constricting dampener mechanism that includes a 482:178 A 9/1892 Irish spring arranged to constrict radially against a cylindrical 704,002 A 7/1902 Cribbs et a1_ portion of a pivot tube in order to inhibit pivotal movement

1,232,895 A 7/1917 Cauthorn et al. of the tube (and thereby the associated Wind-reactive ele 1,511,965 A 10/1924 Hennigh ment of Which the tube is apart) When the Wind-reactive 1,534,634 A 4/1925 Correll element reaches a predetermined stop position. Another 15347635 A 4/1925 Cone“ embodiment includes a moveable stop that restricts the free

2 gg?gn’srligiren movement of the Wind-reactive element in relation to the 2’O76’784 A 4/1937 Knipp rotational speed of 'the rotor by means of centrifugal force. 3j292:319 A 12/1966 M ccarthy Yet another embodiment includes a'dampener mechanism 4,383,801 A 5/1983 Pryor that disengages in heavy Wind conditions. 4,408,956 A 10/1983 Price, Sr. 4,415,312 A * 11/1983 Brenneman ............... .. 416/119 28 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets

10

SUPPORT


.FEOnEDw


35

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49 37 13 36

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81

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(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,824,348 B2 Alexander et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 30, 2004

(54) WIND ROTOR OPERABLE IN SLOW WIND 1,535,585 A 4/1925 Dyer SPEEDS 2,247,929 A * 7/1941 Terhune ..................... .. 416/46

3,743,848 A * 7/1973 Strickland .................. .. 290/55

(76) Inventors: Barton D. Alexander, 244 21 Ave. 378977170 A 7/1975 Dawishian

NW» MT 65> 252242;: 211222 James C. Helfrich, 200 Choteau St., 4’406’584 A * 9/1983 Ste 416/41 . , , pp ........................ ..

Sun R1Ver>MT(US)59483 4,468,169 A 8/1984 Williams _ _ _ _ _ 4,530,642 A 7/1985 Yang

( * ) Notice: Sub]ect to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,642,983 A 7/1997 Chung patent is extended or adjusted under 35 * _ _ U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. cued by examlner

Primary Examiner—Ninh H. Nguyen (21) Appl. N0.: 10/420,397 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Jerry Johnson

(22) Filed: Apr. 22, 2003 (57) ABSTRACT

(65) Prior Publication Data A Wind rotor comprises a base, a rotor frame rotationally supported on the base for movement about a substantially

Us 2004/0213670181 Oct‘ 28’ 2004 vertical axis in one of a clockwise or counter clockwise

(51) Int. c1.7 ........................ .. F03D 3/00 direction, and a plurality of Wind receiving vanes pivotally (52) US. Cl. ....................... .. 415/4.2; 415/4.4; 415/907; disposed on the rotor frame for movement about a Substan

416/111; 416/132 B; 416/140 tially vertical axis in a clockwise and counter clockwise (58) Field of Search ........................ .. 415/4.2, 4.4, 907; direction between a ?rst Closed position and a Second Open

416/111, 132 B, 140; 290/44, 55 position. The movement of each vane from the ?rst closed position to the second open position further being indepen

(56) References Cited dent of the other vanes. A variable resistance damping mechanism assembly is disposed between each vane and the

Us PATENT DOCUMENTS rotor frame. The variable resistance damping mechanism is

148 100 A 3/1874 White con?gured to provide damping in both the clockwise and the 279:066 A 6/1883 witherspoon counterclockwise directions, and to dampen a greater 5887143 A 8/1897 Hall amount in one of the clockwise or counterclockwise direc 755,497 A 3/1904 Hyatt tions than in the other.

1,015,517 A * 1/1912 Snyder ..................... .. 416/118

1,314,232 A 8/1919 Wohr 59 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets

| i

1 2 740 729700 60C 76C 0 C

400 T

W

U.S. Patent Nov. 30, 2004 Sheet 2 0f 4 US 6,824,348 B2


100C Z

W12 /_,14 20 22C

ii: A

FIG‘, 4

100A


(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,841,894 B2 Gomez Gomar (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 11, 2005

(54) WIND POWER GENERATOR HAVING WIND 4,365,929 A * 12/1982 Retz ........................ .. 415/53.1 CHANNELING BODY WITH 4,383,801 A * 5/1983 Pryor ........................ .. 416/17

PROGRESSIVELY REDUCED SECTION 4,414,477 A * 11/1983 MeWburn-Crook et al. 290/55 4,508,973 A * 4/1985 Payne 290/55

(76) Inventor: Josep Lluis Gomez Gomar, Major, 15 4516907 A : 5/1985 EClWaFdS ' 415/4'5 10 1a 08783 Masquefa (ES) 4,551,631 A 11/1985 Trigilio 290/55

’ 4,609,827 A * 9/1986 Nepple 290/44

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2 i Patent 15 extended or adlusted under 35 4,834,610 A * 5/1989 Bond, 111 .. 415/533

U-S-C- 154(b) by 27 days~ 4,890,976 A * 1/1990 Jansson 415/44 5,038,049 A * 8/1991 Kato .... .. . 290/55

(21) Appl.NO.Z10/335,839 5,044,878 A * 9/1991 Wilhelm ................... .. 415/42 _ 5,133,637 A * 7/1992 Wadsworth ............... .. 415/4.4

(22) P116011 Jall- 2, 2003 5,391,926 A * 2/1995 Staley et a1. ...... .. 290/55 . . . 5,454,694 A * 10/1995 O’Dell ........ .. 416/197A

(65) Pmr Pubhcatlon Data 5,518,362 A * 5/1996 Kivilammi . ..... .. 415/21

Us 2004/0130161 A1 JUL 8’ 2004 5,553,996 A * 9/1996 Farrar ...................... .. 415/2.1

(51) Im. c1.7 ........................... .. H02P 9/00- H02P 9/04- (List Continued on next page‘)

F03D 9/00; F03D 9/02; F03D 3/02 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

(52) US. Cl. ....................................................... .. 290/55 55 3553322 2; i @1323 ~~~~~~~~~~~ -- ggggggg (58) Field of Search .......................................... .. 290/55 ES 554984 5/1986

(56) References Cited ES 2 107 324 11/1997


3,883,261 A * 5/1975 SaXmann ..................... .. 415/7

3,883,750 A * 5/1975 UZZell, Jr. ................. .. 290/55 3,920,354 A * 11/1975 Decker 416/117 3,970,409 A * 7/1976 Luchuk 416/145 3,988,072 A * 10/1976 Sellman 415/21 4,017,204 A * 4/1977 Sellman 415/4.4 4,052,134 A * 10/1977 Rumsey 416/119 4,084,918 A * 4/1978 Pavlecka . 415/1 4,086,498 A * 4/1978 SZoeke 290/55 4,134,710 A * 1/1979 Atherton .. 416/117

4,164,382 A * 8/1979 Mysels 415/4.4 4,177,009 A * 12/1979 Baum et al. 416/45 4,186,314 A * 1/1980 Diggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

4,208,168 A * 6/1980 Chen et al. .. . 416/132 B

4,209,281 A * 6/1980 Edmunds . 416/197A 4,220,870 A * 9/1980 Kelly .... .. 290/44

4,278,896 A * 7/1981 McFarland .... .. 290/55

4,292,540 A * 9/1981 Thompson et al 290/55 4,303,835 A * 12/1981 Bair .......................... .. 290/55

4,318,019 A * 3/1982 Teasley et a1. ....... .. 310/156.35

14 10 \yé

~44]

Primary Examiner—Nicholas Ponomarenko Assistant Examiner—Pedro J. Cuevas (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Michael J. Striker

(57) ABSTRACT

AWind poWer recovery device has a toWer, a rotor arranged on the toWer and including a plurality of blades rotatable under the action of Wind, the rotor also having an axis for transmitting the rotation of the rotor to another apparatus, a Wind channeling body provided With a series of Walls Which form channelings With a section Which is progressively reduced from an entry side of the Wind channeling body to an exit side of the channeling body toWard the rotor to affect tangentially the blades of the rotor at a speed higher than at the entry side of the body, the Wind channeling body having a side face, and a blind protecting the side face of the channeling body.


US 6,841,894 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,249,059 B1 * 6/2001 Hosoda ..................... .. 290/55 6,448,668 B1 * 9/2002 Robitaille .................. .. 290/54

5,591,004 A * 1/1997 Aylor ------------------------ -~ 416/42 6,448,669 B1 * 9/2002 Elder ........................ .. 290/54

5,632,599 A * 5/1997 Townsend .................. .. 416/42 6,465,899 B2 4 10/2002 Roberts __ 290/44

5,664,418 A * 9/1997 Walters -- 60/398 6,518,680 B2 * 2/2003 McDavid, Jr. ............. .. 290/54 5,743,712 A * 4/1998 Aylor ------------------------ -- 416/42 6,538,340 B2 * 3/2003 Elder ........................ .. 290/55

5,850,108 A * 12/1998 Bernard ..................... .. 290/54 6,674,181 B2 * 1/2004 Harbison ' “ 290/55

6,015,258 A * 1/2000 Taylor - 415/4-4 6,710,469 B2 * 3/2004 McDavid, Jr. ............. .. 290/55 6,191,496 B1 * 2/2001 Elder ........................ .. 290/55

6,242,818 B1 * 6/2001 Smedley .................... .. 290/44 * cited by examiner

U.S. Patent Jan. 11,2005 Sheet 1 0f 4 US 6,841,894 B2

FIG?!

12

US 6,841,894 B2 U.S. Patent Jan. 11,2005


FIGS

(12) United States Patent Le Nabour et al.

US006849965B2


US 6,849,965 B2 Feb. 1, 2005

(54) WIND MACHINE WITH SLANTED BLADES

(75) Inventors: Marcel Le Nabour, Maisons La?tte (FR); Christophe Hagopian, Creteil (FR)

(73) Assignee: Compagnie Internationale de Turbines Atmospheriques, Alfortville (FR)

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 USC 154(b) by 0 days.

(21) Appl. No.: 10/764,942

(22) Filed: Jan. 26, 2004

(65) Prior Publication Data

US 2004/0160063 A1 Aug. 19, 2004


(62) Division of application No. 09/868,971, ?led as application NO. PCT/FR99/O2705 OIl NOV. 5, 1999.


May 12, 1999 (FR) .......................................... .. 99 06076

(51) Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 9/00

(52) US. Cl. .......................... .. 290/55; 290/54; 416/189

(58) Field of Search ............................ .. 290/55, 54, 44, 290/43; 415/211.1; 416/189



3,209,156 A 9/1965 Struble 4,021,135 A 5/1977 Pedersen et al. 4,086,498 A * 4/1978 SZoeke ...................... .. 290/55

4,140,433 A 2/1979 Eckel 4,258,271 A * 3/1981 Chappell et al. ............ .. 290/54

4,291,235 A * 9/1981 Bergey et al. ...... .. 290/55

4,684,316 A * 8/1987 Karlsson ......... .. 415/211.1

4,720,640 A * 1/1988 Anderson et al. ........... .. 290/43

4,781,523 A 11/1988 Aylor 5,080,553 A * 1/1992 Armel ...................... .. 415/42

5,910,688 A * 6/1999 Li ........ .. 290/55

6,452,287 B1 * 9/2002 Looker ........... .. 290/55

6,786,697 B2 * 9/2004 O’Connor et al. ........ .. 416/189


DE 804 090 C 4/1951 DE 757 548 C 8/1953 DE 4437972 A1 * 4/1996 H02K/7/18 DE 19802574 A1 * 3/1999 F03D/11/00 JP 20030120509 A * 4/2003 ......... .. F03D/11/00

* cited by examiner

Primary Examiner—Joseph Waks (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Baker & Daniels

(57) ABSTRACT

AWind machine mounted on a vertical mast (2) and having a Wind-driven turbine (1) co-operating With an alternator to generate electrical poWer, this turbine (1) being ?tted With slanting blades (6) mounted on a large-diameter hub (7) With a horizontal axis, the generators of Which are located along the trunk of a cone facing the Wind, characterised in that the alternator comprises, on the one hand, a magnetic rotor (4) secured to the hub (7), preferably on a level With the maximum available diameter, and on the other hand a stator (5), adjacent to the rotor (4), With magnetic coils distributed in a partial or full circle, and secured to a stationary frame (22) joined to an encircling hood (9) extending the hub (7) coaxially, the blades (6) being shrouded in the vicinity of their ends (55) by a relatively short, divergent, circular fairing (8) mounted concentrically With the hub


U.S. Patent Feb. 1,2005 Sheet 1 of5 US 6,849,965 B2

FIG.1


2

FIGS


FIGA


2 MM 8

2 o

.T\ G Q\ ll.

\ 5 L F

UUIIIHHUI _ 7 \\ 3

G. q \

F

m \

9 % / \\

2 w m n f / .Mw

/ II

311 V ,v f, 3 - W4. 22 //7////_ \ I _ 11:;

H I .l w /\ r:

I

. I B

W “no

27


(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,870,280 B2 Pechler (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 22, 2005

(54) VERTICAL-AXIS WIND TURBINE 6,015,258 A * 1/2000 Taylor ...................... .. 415/4.4 6,465,899 B2 * 10/2002 Roberts 290/44

(76) Inventor; Elcho R, Pechler, 573 Jason Dr” 6,705,838 B1 * 3/2004 Bak et al. ................. .. 416/243

Debary’ FL (Us) 32713 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this DE 2740235 A * 3/1979 ____ __ F03D/3/04 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 DE 2918181 A * 11/1979 .... .. F03D/3/04 U_S_C_ 154(k)) by 0 day5_ EP 957265 A2 * 11/1999 .... .. F03D/3/04

GB 2100687 A * 1/1983 F03D/11/00 _ GB 2100688 A * 1/1983 F03D/11/00

(21) Appl' No" 10/141’160 GB 2146572 A * 4/1985 B29C/33/52 (22) Filed. May 8 2002 JP 2000337244 A * 12/2000 .... .. F03D/3/00

' ’ PT 71735 A * 2/1981 .... .. F03D/0/00

(65) Prior Publication Data W0 W0 9119093 A1 * 12/1991 ........... .. F03D/3/04

US 2003/0209911 A1 Nov. 13, 2003 * cited by examiner

(51) Int. C].7 . . . . . . . . .. F031) 3/04 Primary Examiner—]oseph Waks

(52) US. Cl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55; 290/44 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Dale J. Ream

(58) Field of Search .. .. 290/44, 55; 211552853, (57) ABSTRACT

_ A vertical-axis Wind turbine includes upper and lower hubs (56) References Clted de?ning an imaginary vertical axis therebetWeen. A rotor


588,572 A * 8/1897 Hardaway 415/4.2 1,595,578 A * 8/1926 Sovereigh . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/186

3,938,907 A * 2/1976 Magoveny et al. ....... .. 415/141

3,994,621 A 11/1976 Bogie 4,260,325 A * 4/1981 Cymara .................... .. 415/4.4

4,269,563 A 5/1981 Sharak et al. 4,313,710 A * 2/1982 La Ferte .................... .. 415/4.2

4,457,666 A * 7/1984 Selman, Jr. ............... .. 415/203

4,486,143 A 12/1984 McVey 4,551,631 A * 11/1985 Trigilio ..................... .. 290/55

5,126,584 A 6/1992 Ouellet 5,380,149 A 1/1995 Valsamidis 5,391,926 A 2/1995 Staley et al. 5,454,694 A * 10/1995 O’Dell ................. .. 416/197A

5,463,257 A 10/1995 Yea 5,852,331 A * 12/1998 Giorgini .................... .. 290/55

assembly is rotatably coupled to the hubs and includes a plurality of rotor blades. Each rotor blade includes an annular con?guration having a ?rst vertical edge perpen dicular to a radial edge of the rotor assembly and a second vertical edge spaced inwardly toWard the imaginary vertical axis. No rotor blade touches any other blade and an air?oW is obstructed only by respective rotor blades When passing through the rotor assembly. A plurality of stationary stator blades are circumferentially arranged about the rotor assembly, each stator blade being positioned tangentially to the rotor assembly such that air that Would cause propulsion relative to the rotor blades is unrestricted Whereas air that Would cause drag is blocked. Aplurality of rotor assemblies may be included Within a single housing.



10

50

FIG. 1


12

12

12

FIG. 2


FIG, 3


FIG. 4


30'


FIG: 7


14

/ 26

24

28

28

24

FIG, 8


/4 16

//20 ‘#“22 2]

"w w

FIG: 9


14

i .26 28 /”'-—“\ 18 i

28 -_

"'x 24

FIG. 10


FIG. 11


FIG.


12

FIG. 14

(12) United States Patent

US006926491B2

(10) Patent N0.: US 6,926,491 B2 Migler (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 9, 2005

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE WITH (56) References Cited CONTROLLED GYBING


(76) Inventor: Bernard ,Miglen 1405 Autumn La" 232,205 A * 9/1880 Preston ..................... .. 416/119 Cherry H111, NJ (Us) 08003 2,038,467 A * 4/1936 Zanoski .. 416/119

5,844,323 A * 12/1998 Hung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/54

(*) Notice? Subject to any disclaimer, the term Ofthis 6,116,178 A * 9/2000 McCabe 114/102.13 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,688,842 B2 * 2/2004 Boatner .................... .. 415/42

U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. * cited by examiner

(21) Appl' NO" 10/681’755 Primary Examiner—Ninh H. Nguyen

(22) Filed. Oct. 8, 2003 (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A device for generating electricity in WhlCh Wind bloWmg US 2004/0228729 A1 NOV- 18, 2004 from any direction causes the rotation of sails around a

vertical toWer. As the sails rotate the sails moving toWard the Related U-S- Application Data Wind are automatically feathered, and the sails moving aWay

(60) Provisional application NO- 60/469240’ ?led on May 12’ from the direction of the Wind are prevented from being 2003' feathered b sail restraints. An inner sail restraint ositions y P

(51) Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 5/06 each sail so that the sail gybes at an earlier time than Would (52) us. Cl. ........................ .. 415/44, 415/907; 416/17; Otherwise eeeur- An Outer sail restraint “Catches” the sail as

416/119; 416/132 A; 416/132 B; 416/146 R it gybes, Capturing mueh 9f the energy of the gybe, adding (58) Field Of Search ....................... .. 415/44, 907, 150; additional rotational force The device may be used to

416/17, 119, 132 A, 132 B, 146 R, 155, 108—111, 197 A, 197 R; 290/42_44, 55,

54, 53

extract energy from the Wind to produce electricity.


U.S. Patent Aug. 9,2005 Sheet 1 of 8 US 6,926,491 B2


FIG, 2A F1628 FIGZC


FIG. 4

O

l/wm/Hv 4 m

7 4/

J“; ,4 h

S ORV \ MB


FIG. 5

1(1)

EAT 9 2O - JéTE'S {k5

/ 35 DELI

O 0 0


FIGr 8A

3 28 3O 29 /

3]

FIG. 8B 28.

US006942454B2

(12) United States Patent (16) Patent N6.= US 6,942,454 B2 Ohlmann (45) Date 0f Patent: Sep. 13, 2005

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE DE 20006959 7/2000 DE 10054700 5/2001

(76) Inventor: Hans-Armin Ohlmann, 166 Piper St., DE 19957141 5/2001 Ayr Ontario (CA), NOB 1E0 EP 0064440 11/1982

FR 2509384 1/1983

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this * Cited by examiner patent is extended or adjusted under 35 USC 154(1)) by 0 days_ Primary Examiner—EdWard K. Look

Assistant Examiner—Richard A. Edgar 21 A 1' N 110724146 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—R. Craig Armstrong;

( ) pp 0 / ’ Borden Ladner Gervais LLP

(22) Filed: Dec. 1, 2003 (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data _ _ _ _ _

The vertical axis Wind turbine has tWo counter-rotating US 2004/0141845 A1 1111- 22, 2004 rotors mounted on ?rst and second spaced apart vertical

_ _ axes. Each rotor has a plurality of rotor blades extending

_ _ Related‘ Apphcatlon Data generally inWardly from an outer circumference, the vertical (60) PTOVlSlOnal apphcatlon NO- 60/430974: ?led on Dec- 2: axes being mounted on a support structure Which is in turn

2002' rotatable on a third vertical axis on a platform. The third axis (51) Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 3/02 is spaced from a point midway betWeen the ?rst and second (52) us. Cl. .................... .. 416/11; 416/132 B; 415/42; axes in a direction at 90 degrees to and forward from a line

415/151; 290/55 betWeen the ?rst and second axes. The vertical axis Wind (58) Field Of Search ........................... .. 290/55; 415/42, turbine further has a guide vane mounted on the support

415/44, 907, 21, 41, 8, 60, 70, 1213, structure; having a vertex forWard of the third vertical axis 151, 156, 183, 1981; 416/120, 122, 9_17, in the direction at 90 degrees from a line betWeen the ?rst

146 R, 197 A, DIG 4, 132 B and second axes. The guide vane has left and right sym metrical vane portions extending toWards the rotors so as to

(56) References Cited direct air?oW from Wind primarily toWards portions of the rotors outboard of the ?rst and second axes. The guide vane

U~S~ PATENT DOCUMENTS also tends to keep the vertical axis Wind turbine oriented

419 345 A * 1/1890 Otto ......................... .. 415/42 With the guide vane’s axis of Symmetry Pointing forwardly 2,335,817 A 4 11/1943 Topalov 415/44 into the Wind. Movable de?ector ?aps pivotally mounted 4,047,833 A * 9/1977 Decker ..................... .. 415/44 adjacent opposite ends of the vane portions can de?ect air at 4,156,580 A 5/1979 Pohl least partially aWay from the rotors. The structure of the 4,764,683 A * 8/1988 COOmbeS ------------------- -- 290/55 Wind turbine can support an unrelated structure such as a

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS restaurant

DE 3403657 8/1985 8 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets

U.S. Patent Sep. 13,2005 Sheet 1 0f 7 US 6,942,454 B2


11\

lllll

r15


[1] H11 lllm


E3 19 EU US 20

M l I -

I

16/, _____f15 ‘ l |

14 ;7

|| *

. . 12 F|G.6

United States Patent

US006966747B2

(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 6,966,747 B2 Taylor et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 22, 2005

(54) WIND TURBINE HAVING AIRFOILS FOR 3,986,786 A 10/1976 Sellman BLOCKING AND DIRECTING WIND AND 4,031,405 A 6/1977 Asperger ROTORS WITH OR WITHOUT A CENTRAL 4,037,983 A 7/1977 Poem GAP 4,047,833 A 9/1977 Decker

4,057,270 A 11/1977 Lebost

(76) Inventors: Ronald J. Ta lor, 1169 Lon Valle 4’O7O’131 A 1/ 1978 Yen y g y 4 079 264 A 3 _ , , /1978 Cohen

Rd., Cheyenne, WY (US) 82009, Scott 4,084,918 A 4/1978 Pavlecka J. Taylor, Holland CL, Cheyenne, 4,088,419 A 5/1978 Hope et aL WY (US) 82009 4,115,027 A 9/1978 Thomas

4,115,028 A 9/1978 HintZe ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 4,116,581 A 9/1978 Bolie

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 4,119,863 A 10/1978 Kelly U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 4,132,282 A 1/1979 Sparks

4,154,556 A 5/1979 Webster (21) APPL No: 10/831,515 4,156,580 A 5/1979 Pohl

_ (Continued) (22) Filed: Apr. 23, 2004 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(65) Pnor Pubhcatlon Data Volta Torrey, Wind-Catchers American Windmills of Yes US 2004/0219019 A1 Nov. 4, 2004 terday adn TomorroW.

Related US. Application Data (Continued)

(60) Provisional application No. 60/467,773, ?led on Apr. P '' ima" y Examiner—Ninh H- Nguyen 30, 2003' (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Cochran Freund & Young

LLC; William W. Cochran (51) Int. Cl.7 ............................................... .. F03D 3/04

(52) US. Cl. ........................ .. 415/1; 415/186; 415/191; (57) ABSTRACT

415/2112; 415/908; 416/197 A; 441 fégfg 49; A Wind turbine device of increased efficiency is comprised _ ' of a set of ?xed airfoils that direct Wind into a rotor having

Fleld Of Search ........................ .. a plurality of blades‘ The ?xed airfo?s may extend to the

415/191’ 211'2’ 908’ 1; 416/197 A’ 197 B’ ground to increase the amount of Wind directed into the rotor 416/DIG' 4’ DIG‘ 9’ 290/44’ 55 and may be manufactured from concrete. The rotor blades

, have a vented portion near the aXis of rotation that has been (56) References Clted found to increase efficiency for certain blade geometries. For

Us PATENT DOCUMENTS other blade geometries, increased efficiency is observed With * 5 _ d 5 no gap at the aXis of rotation. The rotor may also be

2 5; 3:11:02 """"""""""" " 41 / 129 manufactured from composite materials to increase strength 3’876’925 A 4/1975 Stoeckert While decreasing the moment of inertia for the rotor.

3,895,882 A 7/1975 Moyer 3,922,012 A 11/1975 HerZ 16 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets

RETURN PORTION

302 AIRFOIL

301 E 320 314

ROTOR AXIS SPAC E

308 ROTOR BLADE

312 ROTOR BLADE

DRIVE PORTION

306 AIRFOIL

300 WIND

TURBINE

US 6,966,747 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,269,647 A 12/1993 Moser

4 164 382 A 8 1979 M 1 5,280,827 A 1/1994 Taylor et al. ’ ’ / Y5?“ 5,287,004 A 2/1994 Finley

4,174,923 A 11/1979 Williamson . 5,313,103 A 5/1994 Hickey 4,204,796 A 5/1980 Pack, Jr. _

5,333,996 A 8/1994 Bergstem 4,234,289 A 11/1980 Lebost . 5,336,933 A 8/1994 Ernster

4,236,866 A 12/1980 Zapata MartmeZ . . 5,380,149 A 1/1995 Valsamrdrs

4,260,325 A 4/1981 Cymara , . 5,386,146 A 1/1995 Hickey 4,270,056 A 5/1981 Wright

5,391,926 A 2/1995 Staley et al. 4,278,896 A 7/1981 McFarland , 5,454,694 A 10/1995 0’13611 4,288,200 A 9/1981 0 Hare

5,463,257 A 10/1995 Yea 4,295,783 A 10/1981 Lebost . 5,503,525 A 4/1996 Brown et al. 4,309,146 A 1/1982 Hem et al.

. 5,553,996 A 9/1996 Farrar 4,423,368 A 12/1983 Bussiere .

5,844,324 A 12/1998 Sprrggle 4,452,562 A 6/1984 H511 . . .

5,852,331 A 12/1998 Grorgmr 4,457,666 A 7/1984 SelIIlaIl, Jr. _

. 5,895,201 A 4/1999 Huovmen 4,474,529 A 10/1984 Kmsey .

6,000,907 A 12/1999 BIC 4,486,143 A 12/1984 McVey 6,015,258 A 1/2000 Taylor

4,490,232 A 12/1984 Lapeyre . . 6,083,382 A 7/2000 B11d

4,496,848 A 1/1985 Bmder , , - -- 6,109,863 A 8/2000 Milliken 4,551,631 A 11/1985 Trrgrlro _

6,113,350 A 9/2000 Lru 4,575,311 A 3/1986 Wood 6,138,781 A 10/2000 Hakala 4,606,697 A 8/1986 Appel

. 6,158,953 A 12/2000 Lamont 4,717,832 A 1/1988 Harris 6,191,496 B1 2/2001 Elder 4,830,570 A 5/1989 Benesh 6,309,172 B1 10/2001 Gual

4,838,757 A 6/1989 136116511 ..................... .. 415/4.4 . . 6,406,251 B1 6/2002 Vauthler 4,843,249 A 6/1989 Bussiere

6,448,669 B1 9/2002 Elder 4,890,976 A 1/1990 Janson . 6,538,340 B2 3/2003 Elder 4,960,363 A 10/1990 Bergstem

. 2002/0192069 A1 12/2002 Newman 4,979,871 A 12/1990 Remer 2003 0026684 A1 22003 B h 5,020,967 A 6/1991 Gllal et al. / / O n

5,037,268 A 8/1991 Fenlon OTHER PUBLICATIONS 5,038,049 A 8/1991 K616 5,126,584 A 6/1992 Ouellet James Torginon, A Windcharger For The Attic, MechaniX 5,133,637 A 7/1992 Wadsworth Illustrated, Mar. 1976. 5,163,813 A 11/1992 Schlenkef International Search Report dated Mar. 14, 2005. 5,203,672 A 4/1993 Wolf 5,246,342 A 9/1993 Bergstein * cited by examiner

U.S. Patent Nov. 22,2005 Sheet 1 0f 13 US 6,966,747 B2

VENT HOLE

114. "1?’

\102 ROTOR

100/\ WIND TURBINE

1116 FLANGE JOINT 106

AIRFOIL I120 ROTOR BLADE

GROUND AIRFOIL

112

GROUND

BASE 108

FIGURE 1


WIND TURBINE

AIRFOIL 204

GROUND AIRFOIL 208

210 D STIFFENING

/ RIB

/ GROUND AIRFOIL 208 205 20s

MECHANICAL GROUND ENCLOSURE AIRFOIL

FIGURE 2


RETURN PORTION

318 312 ROTOR BLADE

302 AlRFOlL

304 AIRFOIL

FLOW _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “ ROTOR

BLADE 301 310

320 314 316 ROTOR AXIS DRIVE SPACE PORTION

303 306A|RFOIL ROTOR BLADE

300 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 3


RETURN PORTION

414 418

AXIS 412 ROTOR BLADE

402 AIRFOIL

404 AIRFOIL

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ H420

ROTOR SPACE FL OW

401 41 0 ROTOR BLADE

408 ROTOR BLADE

416 406 AIRFOIL DRIVE

PORTION

400 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 4


TRAILING OPEN OUTER AREA EDGE 515 516 RETURN

PORTION 520 512 ROTOR BLADE

502 AIRFOIL

504 AIRFDIL

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4"_\ 522

ROTOR FL 0W SPACE

501 510 ROTOR

508 BLADE ROTOR BLADE

514 LEADING 506 AIRFOIL EDGE

518 DRIVE

PORTION 500 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 5


RETURN PORTION

OPEN 620 AREA 615

612 ROTOR BLADE

602 AIRFOIL

622 ROTOR SPACE

610 ROTOR

FLOW BLADE

601 618 DRIVE PORTION

616 LEADING Z 604 AIRFOIL TRAILING EDGE

600 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 6


RETURN 704 AIRFOIL

PORTION 718

714 ROTOR BLADE

720 /_ ROTOR 702

AIRFOIL SPACE

AIRFOIL 708

FLOW FLOW

701 L- 703 710

ROTOR BLADE

706 AIRFOIL

716 DRIVE

PORTION

700 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 7


RETURN PORTION

818 814 LEADING EDGE

802 AIRFOIL

812 816 LEADING

PORTION AIRFOIL

800 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 8


RETURN PORTION

918 914 LEADING EDGE

902 AIRFOIL

904 AIRFOIL

FlOM/ >

901 / 910

ROTOR BLADE

920 ROTOR 908 912 SPACE ROTOR LEADING

BLADE D9R1|3E EDGE 906

PORTION AIRFOIL

900 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 9


TRAILING

EDGE 1014 LEADING EDGE

1016 1004

AIRFOIL 1002

AIRFOIL 1018 RETURN PORTION

\1020 ROTOR SPACE

1001 ROTOR 1008 BLADE

ROTOR 1016 BLADE DRiVE

1012 PORTION LEADING EDGE

1006 AIRFOIL

1000 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 10


1120 RETURN PORTION TRAILING

A|RFO|L 5122365 1114 LEADING EDGE 1102

1104 AIRFOIL

ROTOR ROTOR SPACE BLADE

1101 DRIVE PORTION

BLADE

1112 1106 LEADING AIRFOIL EDGE

1100 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 11


1216 RETURN PORTION

1210 ROTOR BLADE

1202 AIRFOIL

CENTER SHAFT 1212

All‘? FLOW>

1201 /' 1218 1208 DR|VE

ROTOR ROTOR pOR-HON SPACE BLADE

1206

g AIRFOIL 1200 WIND

TURBINE

FIGURE 12


AIRFOIL ROTOR 1304 SPACE 1318

AIRFOIL\ ROTOR BLADE 1310

RETURN PORTION

1316

1312 _ _ _ _ _ ROTOR

A/R FLOW BLADE

1301

1314 DRIVE

PORTION

1308 AIRFOIL

FIGURE 13

US007056082B1

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,056,082 B1 Taylor (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 6, 2006

(54) FOUR CYCLE WIND IMPLOSION ENGINE (56) References Cited

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (76) Inventor: John B. Taylor, 5640 Encore Dr.,

Dallas’ TX (Us) 75240 561,040 A * 5/1896 ZWiebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/42

4,005,947 A * 2/1977 Norton et a1. . .. 416/197 A

* - _ - - - - 4,031,405 A * 6/1977 Asperger ................... .. 290/55

( ) Nome‘ sutbletclto altly ((lllsfllalmeéithf 3311115101212 4,362,470 A * 12/1982 Locastro et a1. .. .. 416/197 A $5? llssi’ébinbe 0C; a Jus 6 un er 5,038,049 A * 8/1991 Kato ......................... .. 290/55

. . . y ays.

* cited by examiner (21) Appl. N0.: 10/906,235 _ _

Primary ExamlneriEdWard K. Look (22) Filed: Feb 10, 2005 Assistant ExamineriNathan Wiehe~

(74) Attorney, Agent, or F irmiDavid V. Thompson

(51) Int. Cl. (57) ABSTRACT

F 03D 3/04 (200601) A Wind energy machine has four rotor chambers formed by F 03D 7/06 (200601) perpendicular Walls. Each rotor chamber has an intake US. Cl- ....................... .. portion’ a reversal portion’ a parallel portion’ and an exhaust

416/197 A portion. Air How is reversed in each chamber for every 90 (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ............... .. 415/4.2, degrees of rotation, such that the intake portion becomes an

415/44, 13, 907; 416/31, 37, 41, 175, 197 A, 416/197 R, 203, 228

See application ?le for complete search history.

exhaust and the exhaust portion becomes and inlet.


42

44

U.S. Patent Jun. 6, 2006 Sheet 1 6f3 US 7,056,082 B1

8 I 6 8 8

4 4 4 4

/ N N m + E + w m

4

4 6 , / 1

~ -

5 \ .w .

3 ~

_. . ~ in;

34/ ..\ M \ new,

, _ 7 .

I)! A _ )4 2 M4,.» _ 7 2

s A002 _ 4

2 \L

viii, ilili . huh-.. _ ......... .031 ''''''' ._l!.§ H \X?h?tll

kw» _

a): V _

_w m

m). vlxf m n4l~

_ 7 WI“ 4 F. m

1 C

20

FIG. 1


vAvA‘l 'IIIIIII"


42

44

/ "\ // | I if" 4 1

, v’ .// I 4/ /

~=Tl=:.-T:T:LijT/~:f// 6’ 1

\-.________// | 1

4’?

FIG. 6

(12) United States Patent Noguchi

US007084523B2

US 7,084,523 B2 Aug. 1, 2006


(54) WINDMILL FOR WIND POWER GENERATION

(76) Inventor: Tsuneo Noguchi, abankohto-Minamikarasuyama 301 , 24-20, Minamikarasuyama 6-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo (JP) 157-0062

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 45 days.

(21) Appl. No.: 10/505,451

(22) PCT Filed: Sep. 19, 2003

(86) PCT No.: PCT/JP03/12031

§ 371 (0X1)’ (2), (4) Date: Sep. 1, 2004

(87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2004/027259

PCT Pub. Date: Apr. 1, 2004


US 2005/0099013 A1 May 12, 2005


Sep. 20, 2002 (JP) ........................... .. 2002-275032

(51) Int. C]. F 01D 7/00 (2006.01) F 03D 7/06 (2006.01) F 03D 7/02 (2006.01)

(52) US. Cl. ......................................... .. 290/55; 290/54

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 290/44, 290/ 55




1,467,699 A * 9/1923 Vinding et a1. ........... .. 416/226

4,264,279 A * 4/1981 Dereng ................. .. 416/227A

4,285,636 A * 8/1981 Kato et al. . .. 416/197 A

4,303,835 A * 12/1981 Bair .......................... .. 290/55

4,976,587 A * 12/1990 Johnston et al. .......... .. 416/230

5,057,696 A * 10/1991 Thomas ..................... .. 290/44

5,198,156 A * 3/1993 Middleton et a1. 261/87 5,203,672 A * 4/1993 Wolf .............. .. 415/2.1

5,252,029 A * 10/1993 Barnes ..... .. 416/142

5,316,443 A * 5/1994 Smith 416/197 R 5,332,925 A * 7/1994 Thomas ..................... .. 290/44

(Continued) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

JP 54-17439 2/1979

(Continued) OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Reynolds Number, http://scienceWorld.Wolfram.corn/phys ic s/ReynoldsNumber.html.*

Primary ExamineriDarren Schuberg Assistant ExamineriPedro J. Cuevas (74) Attorney, Agent, or F irm4Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt, PC.

(57) ABSTRACT

A Windmill for highly ef?cient Wind poWer generation is provided by enabling one to ef?ciently rotate the Windmill even in starting or at a loW Wind speed region by improving a blade of a vertical shaft type Windmill of a lift type. In the Windmill for Wind poWer generation, a plurality of blades are provided in parallel With a rotating shaft in a face orthogonal to the vertical rotating shaft at constant angles centering on the rotating shaft, Wherein the blade is of a blade type having a high lift coef?cient at loW Reynolds number and a notch portion is formed at a rear edge portion of a loWer face of the blade.


US 7,084,523 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,984,899 B1 * 1/2006 Rice .......................... .. 290/44

5,417,548 A * 5/1995 Tangler et a1. ........ .. 416/223 R FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

5,463,257 A * 10/1995 Yea .......... .. .. 290/55

5,562,420 A * 10/1996 Tangler et al 416/223 R 5,791,780 A * 8/1998 Bakker ..................... .. 366/317 JP 7_208320 8/l995

6,012,761 A * 1/2000 Hellhake et a1. ....... .. 296/1801 JP 11_294313 l0/1999

A * Tangler et a1. . . . . . . . . .. R 6,081,043 A : 6/2000 R0151esAkes0l0 ......... .. 290/55 JP 2001432615 5/2001

6,382,921 B1 5/2002 Sellg 6t ........ .. 416/243 JP 2002_266748 9/2002 6,872,045 B1 * 3/2005 Weaver et a1. . 415/4.2 6,974,309 B1 * 12/2005 Seki ..................... .. 416/227 R * cited by examiner

U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2006 Sheet 1 0f 7 US 7,084,523 B2

Fig.


i

/// //1 and?


Fig.

Negative pressure

Positive pressure

Positive pressure

i

2 A


F i g . 7

/""__-" ...._._-:"

E?‘

53 "N

52

51


Fig.8

61


US007189050B2

(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 7,189,050 B2 Taylor et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 13, 2007

(54) CROSS-FLOW WIND TURBINE 2,812,823 A 11/1957 Oviedo

2,896,882 A 7/1959 Nelson (75) Inventors: Scott J. Taylor, Cheyenne, WY (US); 3 876 925 A 4/l975 Stoecken

Ronald Taylor, Cheyenne, WY (US); , , Brad C. Cochran, Fort Collins, CO (US); David Banks, Fort Collins, CO

(Us) (Continued) (73) Assignee: Terra Moya Aqua, Inc., Cheyenne, OTHER PUBLICATIONS

WY (U S) CPP Wind Engineering and Air?ow Solutions for the built envi

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this ronment; Cermak Peterka Petersoen, Inc. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 _ U.S.C. 154(1)) by 0 days. (Con?rmed)

_ Primary ExamineriNinh H. Nguyen (21) Appl' NO" 11/284’774 (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiWilliam W. Cochran; (22) Filed: N0“ 21, 2005 Cochran Freund & Young LLC

(65) Prior Publication Data (57) ABSTRACT

US 2006/0110243 A1 May 25, 2006

_ _ Disclosed are various embodiments of cross-Wind turbines Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data that are capable of providing high efficiencies over a Wide

(63) Continuation-in-part of application No, 10/831,515, range of Wind velocities. An airfoil stator causes Wind to ?led on Apr, 23, 2004, now Pat, No, 6,966,747 _ accelerate along its surface and creates a loW pressure area

_ _ _ _ on the leading face of the rotor blade during the poWer

(60) 520321821211 aPPIICF‘UO? NO'1§0/6_39’4I38’ 131421; stroke. A blocking stator blocks Wind from impeding the ?l’d A M28535): app lcanon 0' ’ ’ movement of the rotor blades during the return cycle and

e on pr‘ ’ ' directs Wind onto the trailing face of the rotor blades during

(51) Int C1 the poWer cycle. A large pressure diiferential is created F 0gp /04 (2006 01) between the leading face of the rotor blade and the trailing

' _ / _ / _ face of the rotor blade during the poWer cycle Which creates

(52) US‘ C14 ' 2/1D5Ié9 19’ a large amount of force that rotates the rotor blade about the _ _’ _ ’ ' ’ ' central shaft. In some embodiments, gaps are provided

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 415/1, between the inside edge of the rotor blade and a Stationary 415/186’ 191’ 211'2’ 908’ 4'2’ 4'4’ 907; 416/197 A’ shaft Which vents Wind collected by the rotor blade during

_ _ 416/DIG' 4’ BIG 9; 290/44’ 55 certain portions of the rotation cycle. The vented Wind See apphcanon ?le for Complete Search hlstory' increases the pressure on the trailing face of the rotor blades

(56) References Cited during the return cycle to further assist in the efficiency of


1,697,574 A * 1/1929 Sigurd ...................... .. 416/110

PRIMARY WIND FLOW DIRECHON

I16

83.0 ‘06

GAP

GAP 128\

IP26

this system.


8/132 DIRECTION

STATOR

33,0

112 ROTOR BLADE \ 114 SHAFT

TRAILING FACE 122 p110 ROTOR BLADE

SURFACE I ‘I8

12o LEADING FACE 13° DIRECTION

1 0O CROSS-F LOW WI N D TURBI NE

US 7,189,050 B2

3,895,882 3,922,012 3,938,907 3,986,786 4,031,405 4,037,983 4,047,833 4,057,270 4,070,131 4,079,264 4,084,918 4,088,419 4,115,027 4,115,028 4,116,581 4,119,863 4,132,282 4,154,556 4,156,580 4,164,382 4,174,923 4,204,796 4,234,289 4,236,866 4,260,325 4,270,056 4,278,896 4,288,200 4,295,783 4,309,146 4,365,929 4,423,368 4,452,562 4,457,666 4,474,529 4,486,143 4,490,232 4,496,848 4,551,631 4,575,311 4,606,697 4,717,832 4,830,570 4,838,757 4,843,249 4,890,976 4,960,363 4,979,871 5,020,967 5,037,268 5,038,049


7/1975 11/1975 2/1976 10/1976 6/1977 7/1977 9/1977 11/1977 1/1978 3/1978 4/1978 5/1978 9/1978 9/1978 9/1978 10/1978 1/1979 5/1979 5/1979 8/1979 11/1979 5/1980 11/1980 12/1980 4/1981 5/1981 7/1981 9/1981 10/1981 1/1982

12/1982 12/1983 6/1984 7/1984 10/1984 12/1984 12/1984 1/1985

11/1985 3/1986 8/1986 1/1988 5/1989 6/1989 6/1989 1/1990

10/1990 12/1990 6/1991 8/1991 8/1991

Moyer HerZ Magoveny et al. Sellman Asperger Poeta Decker Lebost Yen Cohen Pavlecka Hope et al. Thomas HintZe Bolie Kelly Sparks Webster Pohl Mysels Williamson Pack, Jr. Lebost Zapata Martinez Cymara Wright McFarland O’Hare Lebost Hein et al. RetZ Bussiere Hsu

Selman, Jr. Kinsey McVey Lapeyre Binder Trigilio Wood Appel Harris Benesh Benesh Bussiere Jannson Bergstein Reiner Gual et al. Fenlon Kato

Page 2

5,126,584 A 6/1992 Ouellet 5,133,637 A 7/1992 Wadsworth 5,163,813 A 11/1992 Schlenker 5,203,672 A 4/1993 Wolf 5,246,342 A 9/1993 Bergstein 5,269,647 A 12/1993 Moser 5,280,827 A 1/1994 Taylor et al. 5,287,004 A 2/1994 Finley 5,313,103 A 5/1994 Hickey 5,333,996 A 8/1994 Bergstein 5,336,933 A 8/1994 Ernster 5,380,149 A 1/1995 Valsamidis 5,386,146 A 1/1995 Hickey 5,391,926 A 2/1995 Staley et al. 5,454,694 A 10/1995 O’Dell 5,463,257 A 10/1995 Yea 5,503,525 A 4/1996 Brown et al. 5,553,996 A 9/1996 Farrar 5,844,324 A 12/1998 Spriggle 5,852,331 A 12/1998 Giorgini 5,895,201 A 4/1999 Huovinen 6,000,907 A 12/1999 Bic 6,015,258 A 1/2000 Taylor 6,083,382 A 7/2000 Bird 6,109,863 A 8/2000 Milliken 6,113,350 A 9/2000 Liu 6,138,781 A 10/2000 Hakala 6,158,953 A 12/2000 Lamont 6,191,496 B1 2/2001 Elder 6,309,172 B1 10/2001 Gual 6,406,251 B1 6/2002 Vauthier 6,448,669 B1 9/2002 Elder 6,538,340 B2 3/2003 Elder 6,740,989 B2 5/2004 Rowe 6,966,747 B2 * 11/2005 Taylor et al. ................ .. 415/1

6,984,899 B1* 1/2006 Rice .......................... .. 290/44

2002/0192069 A1 12/2002 Newman 2003/0026684 A1 2/2003 Bohn

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Wind Tunnel Performance Data for Two and Three Bucket Savonius Rotors; Ben F. Blackwell et al.; Jul. 1977. Construction of a Modular 5 kW Savonius Wind Turbine; Charles Lindshield et al.; Aug. 1979. A Modular Savonius Wind Turbine; Dr. Gary L. Johnson; Kansas State University, College of Engineering; Aug. 1981. On the Performance of the Savonius Wind Turbine; V.J. Modi et al.; Journal of Solar Energy Engineering; Feb. 1989. James Torginon, A Windcharger For The Attic, MechaniX Illus trated, Mar. 1976. PCT International Search Report.

* cited by examiner


V132 DIRECTION

PRIMARY STATQR WIND FLOW 83,0 106 DIRECTION

116 STATOR GAP

64.0 GAP 128\ 33.0 126

@112 ROTOR BLADE

1 14 SHAFT

TRAILING FACE 122 p110 ROTOR BLADE

GAP 12o LEADING FACE 13° DIRECHON

SURFACE 118

45.0

102 AIRFOIL STATOR

100 CROSS-FLQW WIND TURBINE

FIG. 1A


m _. .UE

g .mm 5%: 52 GE Eva 3 as 9: _.2 w: 1% 5 =39 E n5 .8 .2 02 ~62; I525 .8 .2 2: ~62: I575 a: 5: mi 5 82: I525

.0 a x .5 .E X .N a 122 E 82 E 2


ROTOR 206

2 @TRAILING FACE 2 TATI NARY HAFT GAP 208 J 20 S O S

212 204 ROTOR

TRAILING FACE

200 CROSS-FLOW WIND TURBINE

Mar. 13, 2007 Sheet 4 0f 40 US 7,189,050 B2 U.S. Patent

FIG. 3


mzEmE. oz; >>O.I-mm05 o3 .QZOEUwEQ oo.m mNN OWN mNN ooN m. T om. T mm. T oo. T mud omd mNd ood mmd omd mud

o3 0 W

mm; om; mm; OQN C


g 404 EFFICIENCY OF TRAILING FAEE I22 OF ROTOR BLADE 110

1.25 04

1 ----------------- ------------------ --------------- ----------------- 0.35

C3 0.75 - ---------------- ‘ f - 0.3 E Z (I) "—“ E : I E E 0.5 --------- ----------------- - ----------------- --------------- -- - 0.25 F

LLI I I I 3 m I I I E 8 025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.2 g “z‘ 3 g 0 0.15 E 2

£0.25 — - 0.1 g‘ “I

-0.5 - - 0.05

-0.75 0 1.6 1.55 1.? 1.75 18

TIME (SECONDS) 406

EFFICIENCY OF LEADING FACE 120 OF ROTOR BLADE 110

FIG. 4B



FIG.5


E... ‘ling?

. 56m 80


FIG. 7

Mar. 13, 2007 Sheet 11 0f 40 US 7,189,050 B2

oo.m mud omd mg ooN mné 02. Emma 2;. Mg o3

mg omd mmd 8d mNd omd mg m 2: mm; om; , E; v! QQN

U.S. Patent


FIG. 9


<2.

00.m mNN omN mNN 00.N mm. T 0m. T mm. T 00. T m?o 0m.0 mmd 00.0 mN.0 0m.0 mud 00; mm; 0m; m“; 00.N


5 2 0 u -

| | | | | | | r | | I | | | r | . | | l I l | I v | I l > | | | | . » v , | | | | | I r | | | | | | | r ||

1.25

1.8 ‘1.?

TIME (SECONDS)

1.6

FIG. 10B


FIG. 11


1.25 I i I . 0.4

1 - - 0.35 5

E > __

0.75 - - 0.3 2

‘z’ t‘; til LIJ \J _ _ I 0.5 0.25 5

"*4 5 V‘ 0.25 - - 0.2 I) >

<1:

% 5 l<5 0 0.15 E 2 Lu < O. 5 -0.25 - - 0.1 a

E z -0.5 - - 0.05 m

-0.75 ‘ *‘ ’ 0

1.6 1.55 1.7 1.75 1.8

TIME (SECONDS)

FIG.12B

(12) United States Patent Vanderhye et a1.

US007314346B2

US 7,314,346 B2 Jan. 1, 2008


(54)

(76)

(21)

(22)

(65)

(51)

(52)

(58)

(56)

THREE BLADED SAVONIUS ROTOR

Inventors: Robert A. Vanderhye, 801 Ridge Dr., McLean, VA (US) 22101-1625; Michael H. Dexter, 7535 Thistledown Trail, Fairfax Station, VA (US) 22039; Aaron L. Aldrich, 697 N. Creek Rd., Little Falls, NY (US) 13365; Brad A. Rotsky, 11 Forsyth Ave., Somerset, MA (US) 02726; Justin R. Hascup, 354 Columbus Ave., Boston, MA (US) 02116

Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 USC 154(b) by 148 days.

Appl. No.: 11/265,278

Filed: Nov. 3, 2005

Prior Publication Data

US 2007/0098558 A1 May 3, 2007

Int. Cl. F 03D 3/06 (2006.01) US. Cl. ................ .. 415/4.2; 415/907; 416/DIG. 2;

416/DIG. 9 Field of Classi?cation Search ............... .. 415/2.1,

415/4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 905, 907; 416/197 A, 416/243, DIG. 2, DIG. 9; 290/55


References Cited


1/1929 Savonius 6/1930 Savonius 5/1954 Annis 5/1979 Pohl

1,697,574 A 1,768,765 A 2,677,344 A 4,156,580 A

4,191,507 A 3/1980 DeBerg 4,274,011 A 6/1981 Gar?nkle 4,359,311 A * 11/1982 Benesh ................. .. 416/197A

4,362,470 A * 12/1982 Locastro et al. ...... .. 416/197A

4,371,346 A * 2/1983 4,715,776 A * 12/1987 4,784,568 A * 11/1988


DE 4016622 11/1991

(Continued) OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Blackwell et al, “Wind Tunnel Performance Data for Two and Three Bucket Savonius Rotors”, Sandia Labs, SAND76-0131, Jul. 1977, pp. 1,3,10-21 & 29-34.

(Continued) Primary Examinerilgor Kershteyn

(57) ABSTRACT

A Savonius three bladed vertical axis wind turbine rotor has operational characteristics superior to those of conventional three bladed rotors. The blades have high curvature and a high skew factor, for example a curvature of greater than 7:1 (e.g. 2:1-5:1), and a skew factor of greater than 0.6 (e.g. 078-09). The rotor also includes at least one vertical shaft, the blades operatively connected to the shaft. The rotor typically has an aspect ratio of at least 2:1. The rotor typically has a maximum power coefficient (Cp) of at least twice that of an otherwise identical rotor with a skew factor of 0.5 or less. The rotor can drive a generator with a drive which automatically increases the effective gear ratio as the rotational speed of the rotor increases; or the rotor can be connected to a propeller of a multihull wind powered boat.


US 7,314,346 B2 Page 2


4,830,570 A * 5/1989 Benesh ..................... .. 415/4.4

4,838,757 A * 6/1989 Benesh . 415/4.4

5,083,039 A 1/1992 Richardson et al. 5,984,814 A 11/1999 Davenport 6,293,835 B2 9/2001 Garlov 6,428,275 B1 8/2002 Jaakkola 6,608,397 B2 8/2003 Makino et a1.

2002/0131864 A1 2004/0265116 A1

9/2002 Vos et a1. 12/2004 Kaneda


GB 244414 9/1926 JP 55069768 5/1980 JP 58187587 11/1983 RU 2101553 10/1998 WO WO2004.113721 A1 6/2004

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Khan, “Model and Prototype Performance Characteristics of Savonius Rotor Windmill”, Wind Engineering, vol. 2, No. 2, 1978, pp. 75-85. Boll, “More on The Savonius SuperRotor”, Mother Earth News, No. 28, Jul/Aug. 1974. Saha et al, “Twisted Bamboo Bladed Rotor For Savonius Wind Turbines”, 2004. Rahman, “Torque and Draf Characteristics of a Three Bladed Savonius Rotor”, sss.buet.ac.bd/daers/mscthesis/mscme.htm, Sep. 1999, Abstract.

Idan et al, “Continuous Variable Speed Wind Turbine Transmission Concept and Robust Control”, Wind Engineering, vol. 24, No. 3, 2000, pp. 151-167.

Johnson, Gary L., Wind Energy Systems, “Methods of Generating Synchronous Power”, Nov. 21, 2001, pp. 5-1 thru 5-4.

Gigliobianco et al, “A Self-Trimming . . . Catamaran”, AYRS 112,

1993, pp. 29-32.

Rensselaer School of Engineering, “Winding Upward with Corks and Turbines”, www.eng.rpi.edu, Sep. 20, 2003. Turner, Lance, “Making a simple Savonius wind turbine”, www. aya.org.au/70byosav.htm, admitted prior art.

Popular Science, Jul. 1933, “New Rotor Ship Sails in Lightest Winds”.

Hayashi et al, “Wind Tunnel Tests on a Three-stage Out-phase Savonius Rotor”, 2004.

Environmental Building News, vol. 13, No. 4, Apr. 2004, “Solar and Wind-Powered Outdoor Lighting from MoonCell”.

LandRider Owner’s Manual, Version 7, 2002, pp. 13-20.

“Our Wind Turbine”, www.windausenergy.com, 2004. WS-models, 2002, www.windside.com. Usiyama et al; Optimum Design Con?guration and Performance of Savonius Rotors; “Wind Engineering”, vol. 12, No. 1, 1988, pp. 59-75.

Moutsoglou et al; Performance Tests of a Benesh Wind Turbine Rotor; “Wind Engineering”, vol. 19, 1995, pp. 349-362.

* cited by examiner

U.S. Patent Jan. 1, 2008 Sheet 1 0f 7 US 7,314,346 B2

Fig. 1


Fig. 3B


57 58 5g

, r (P5 2 I: 23 50 23

- 40

40/ /\ V 23 23

40/

f211 23 23

"/26

56 _/60


Generator

Transmission

81 23, 40

{so 85 \ 83 85 76 W26

A“ , 75

- + to 82 “3D 7 I <13 0 s2


US007329965B2

(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 7,329,965 B2 Roberts et a]. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 12, 2008

(54) AERODYNAMIC-HYBRID VERTICAL-AXIS 6,020,725 A 2/2000 Roberts WIND TURBINE 6,172,429 B1* 1/2001 Russell ...................... .. 290/54

6,280,144 B1* 8/2001 Powers ................. .. 416/236A

(75) Inventors: Gary D. Roberts, Montpelier, 1D (US); * gugln 290/44 - ~ , , 0 e s ..................... ..

Davld W‘ Roberts’ Montpeher’ ID (Us) 6,518,680 B2 * 2/2003 McDavid, Jr. ............. .. 290/54

. _ . . 6,538,340 B2 3/2003 Elder (73) Asslgnee. Novastron Corporation, Montpel1er, 6,666,650 B1 120003 Themel

ID (Us) 6,740,989 B2 5/2004 Rowe * _ _ _ _ _ 6,800,955 B2 10/2004 McDavid, Jr.

( ) Not1ce: Subject to any d1scla1mer, the term of this 6,809,431 B1 10/2004 schippmann patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,841,394 B2 1/2005 Gomez Gomar U.S.C. 154(b) by 183 days. 6,850,821 B2 2/2005 Weitkamp

6,853,096 B1 2/2005 Yu et al. (21) Appl. NO.Z 11/145,523 6,870,280 B2* 3/2005 Pechler ...................... .. 290/55

6,916,150 B2* 7/2005 Liang ............. .. 415/115

(22) Filed; Jun_ 3, 2005 2004/0164561 Al* 8/2004 NagaWa et al. ............. .. 290/55 2005/0006904 A1 1/2005 Bayer

(65) Prior Publication Data 2006/0056967 A1* 3/2006 Liang ..................... .. 416/97 R

US 2006/0275105 A1 Dec. 7, 2006 * Cited by examiner

(51) Int_ CL Primary Examinerilulio C. Gonzalez F03D 9/00 (200601) (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiThorpe North & Western, H02P 9/04 (2006.01) LLP

(52) US. Cl. ......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44 57 ABSTRACT (58) Field 61 Classi?cation Search ................ .. 290/55, ( )

290/54, 44, 43; 415/907, 4.2, 2.1; 416/7, _ _ _ _ _ . . 416/119 132 B An aerodynamlc-hybnd, vert1cal-ax1s W1nd turbme Which

See application ?le for Complete Search histo’ry includes a rotor airfoil and stator blade combination Which maximizes energy production by increasing Wind velocity

(56) References Cited and pressure While eliminating back pressure and improving


250,806 A 12/1881 Hamel 3,050,007 A * 8/1962 Rydz ......................... .. 415/69

4,236,866 A * 12/1980 Zapata Martinez ........ .. 415/4.4

5,075,564 A 12/1991 Hickey 5,254,876 A 10/1993 Hickey 5,380,149 A * 1/1995 Valsamidis ................ .. 415/2.1

5,391,926 A * 2/1995 Staley et al. . 290/55 5,463,257 A * 10/1995 Yea ........... .. 290/55

5,664,418 A * 9/1997 Walters ..................... .. 60/398

2-2

the laminar How of Wind both around and through the device. The rotor airfoils have a horizontal cross-section With a crescent shape including a convex leading side and a concave trailing side With a thicker middle section that tapers to narrower sections at ends. The stator blades have a horizontal cross-section With a planar side and a convex side. Rotor airfoil and stator blade combinations are secured between upper and loWer annular sails.


23a, 23b


Fig. 8b Fig. 8a

Fig. 8d Fig. 8c

U.S. Patent Sheet 10 or 17 Feb. 12, 2008 US 7,329,965 B2

U.S. Patent

20b

Feb. 12, 2008 Sheet 11 0f 17

300

30a

US 7,329,965 B2

Fig. 11b


-------- ' >

29b 30b ::1 : if: \

-------- ~ -

Fig. 12b


Fig. 1321 Fig. 13b


Fig. 14a

Fig. 14c Fig. 14b


Fig. 15a

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\~\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ iii; 26

Fig. 15b


Fig. 1721 Prior A11

(12) United States Patent Naskali et al.

US007344353B2

US 7,344,353 B2 Mar. 18, 2008


(54)

(75)

(73)

(21)

(22)

(65)

(51)

(52) (58)

(56)

HELICAL WIND TURBINE

Inventors: Pertti H. Naskali, Oakville (CA); Angus MacLean, Oakville (CA); Neil C. C. Gray, Oakville (CA); J. Harry Lewis, Dorchester (CA); A. Patrick NeWall, Victoria (CA)

Assignee:

Notice:

Appl. No.:

Filed:

US 2006/0257240 A1 Nov. 16, 2006

Int. C]. F 03D 7/06 (2006.01) U.S. Cl. ........................................ .. 415/4.2; 415/71

Field of Classi?cation Search ............... .. 415/4.2,

11/128,251

May 13, 2005

ArroWind Corporation, Oakville, Ontario (CA)

Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 217 days.


415/4.5, 31, 4.7, 907; 416/176,196 A See application ?le for complete search history.

References Cited


250,806 A 1,697,574 A 1,766,765 A

12/1881 Hamel 1/1929 Savonius 6/1930 Savonius

1,835,018 A 12/1931 Darrieus 4,012,163 A 3/1977 Baumgartner et al. 4,115,027 A 9/1978 Thomas 4,142,822 A 3/1979 Herbert et a1. 4,180,367 A 12/1979 Drees 4,260,325 A 4/1981 Cymara 4,293,274 A * 10/1981 Gilman ...................... .. 416/51

4,359,311 A 11/1982 Benesh 4,715,776 A 12/1987 Benesh 5,391,926 A 2/1995 Staley et a1. 5,852,331 A 12/1998 Giorgini 6,481,957 B1 11/2002 Brill 6,740,989 B2 5/2004 Rowe 6,849,965 B2 2/2005 Le Nabour et al.

* cited by examiner

Primary ExamineriEdWard K. Look Assistant ExamineriDWayne J White (74) Attorney, Agent, or F irm4GoWan Intellectual Property

(57) ABSTRACT

A vertical axis Wind turbine Wherein the blades of the rotor section of the Wind turbine comprise at least sections Wherein the blades have a non-linear con?guration in the “Z” axis. In a preferred embodiment, the blades of the rotor section have a linear trailing edge With a non-linear, and preferably helical, surface con?guration. This particular design alloWs the blades to provide both a rotational force and a positive or negative lift component. Further, the blades de?ne an open area in the center of the rotor section through Which air How can pass in order to create a vertical vortex of air. As such, a more efficient vertical axis Wind turbine provided.



12

14


@ .mm

N@

N@

4. mm


o N

mm

2 .mm mm

mm mm


14

Fig. 13


US007360995B2

(10) Patent N0.: US 7,360,995 B2 Suzuki (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 22, 2008

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WINDMILL (58) Field of Classi?cation Search .......... .. 416/210 R, 416/210 A, 211, 200 R, 200 A, 201 R, 201 A,

(75) Inventor: Masahiko Suzuki, Hamamatsu (JP) 416/175, 203, 191, 223 R, 228, 235, 236 R, 416/236 A, 237, 197 A, DIG. 2; 415/42,

415/44, 907 (73) Assignees; Global Energy Co,’ Ltd, (JP); See application ?le for complete search history.

Kabushiki Kaisha FJC (JP) (56) References Cited

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this *

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2,224,851 A * 12/1940 Lea ...................... .. 416/200 A U‘SC' 154(1)) by 0 days‘ 4,065,225 A 12/1977 Allison 416/200 A

4,255,085 A * 3/1981 Evans 416/197A

4,264,279 A * 4/1981 Dereng ................. .. 416/197A

4,362,469 A * 12/1982 van Holten ............... .. 416/191

(21) Appl' NO‘: 10/576’960 4,530,644 A * 7/1985 Van Holten ............... .. 416/175

(22) PCT Filed: Oct. 21, 2004 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

(86) PCT No.: PCT/JP2004/015597 JP 53-113940 9/1978

§371 (c)(1), JP 57-146066 A * 9/1982 (2), (4) Date: May 24, 2006 JP 63-154865 A * 6/1988

JP 2000-234582 A 8/2000 (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2005/038251 JP 2002-235656 A * 8/2002

PCT Pub. Date: Apr. 28, 2005 (Continued)

(65) Pnor Pubhcatlon Data Primary Examiner4Christopher Verdier US 2007/0071604 A1 Mar. 29, 2007 (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiOstrolenk, Faber, Gerb &

SoiTen, LLP (30) Foreign Application Priority Data

(57) ABSTRACT Oct. 22, 2003 (JP) ........................... .. 2003-362284

Dec. 10, 2003 (JP) 2003-412043 Dec_ 26’ 2003 (JP) 2003433854 A vertical axis Windmill in Which a support frame is pro Jan 26’ 2004 (JP) 2004016436 vided as a Wind poWer dam to form a plurality of shaft Jun 30’ 2004 (JP) 2004494381 installation sections, and in Which a plurality of vertically Oct. 20, 2004 (JP) ........................... .. 2004-305014 long blades each of Which has a tilted Part at the upper and

loWer ends respectively are disposed in multi-levels to (51) Int_ CL improve Wind-receiving poWer thereby providing a Wind

F03D 3/06 (200601) poWer generator With loW installation cost and increased (52) us. Cl. ................ .. 416/211; 416/175; 416/200 R; total POW?r generation P?r a “main area

416/201 A; 416/203; 416/210 R; 416/223 R; 416/228; 416/237; 416/DIG. 2 1 Claim, 11 Drawing Sheets

US 7,360,995 B2 Page 2

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS JP 2003-278638 10/2003 JP 2004-204801 A * 7/2004

JP 2003-21045 A * 1/2003 SU 591606 A * 2/1978 JP 2003-120510 4/2003 JP 2003-148323 5/2003 * cited by examiner

U.S. Patent Apr. 22, 2008 Sheet 2 0f 11 US 7,360,995 B2

FIG.2

\ \ 10b


A 3 m F

FIG. 3B

A=i>% a/ 451,1


V 6 6

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10’ 9109/


F l G .7

L 4/1

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3 6 10 3’ 5 9“ 66

1O 8.

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/

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FIG.9


FIG.1 0

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may 6 10B 108‘

2 1 2 \ 98 9A /

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8 “10A

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FIG.11

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/v m

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O \ A 5 9/

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US007425776B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.2 US 7,425,776 B2 Ketcham (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 16, 2008

(54) MULTI-CYLINDERWIND POWERED 4,718,822 A * 1/1988 RieZinstein ............... .. 416/119

GENERATOR 4,784,568 A * 11/1988 Benesh ..................... .. 415/4.2

4,838,757 A * 6/1989 Benesh ..................... .. 415/4.4

(76) Inventorr John C-Ket¢ham,4WhiIe Oak, E1011, 4,857,753 A * 8/1989 MeWburn-Crook etal. 290/55 NC (Us) 27244 5,009,569 A * 4/1991 Hector et al. 415/41

_ _ _ _ _ 5,038,049 A * 8/1991 Kato ........... .. . . 290/55

(*) Nome: Sublect_t° any dlsclalmeritheterm Ofthls 5,057,696 A * 10/1991 Thomas ..................... .. 290/44 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 44 days.

(21) Appl. No.: 11/471,418 (Continued)

(22) Filed. Jun_ 21, 2006 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

* (65) Prior Publication Data JP 2002081364 A 3/2002

US 2007/0296217 A1 Dec. 27, 2007

(51) Int‘ Cl‘ (Continued) F 03D 9/ 00 (2006-01) Primary ExamineriDarren Schuberg H OZP 9/04 (2006-01) Assistant ExamineriPedro J Cuevas

(52) U.S.Cl. ......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44

(58) Field ofClassi?cation Search ................. .. 290/55, (57) ABSTRACT 290/44

See application ?le for complete search history. _ _ _ _ A mu1t1p1e generator having a vert1cal post and mu1t1p1e ver

(56) References Cited tical tubes has the generators positioned vertically one above


4,039,849 A * 8/1977 Mater et a1. ................. .. 290/55

4,113,408 A * 9/1978 WurtZ etal. 416/17 4,115,027 A * 9/1978 Thomas ..... .. .415/53.1

4,237,384 A * 12/1980 Kennon 290/55 4,303,835 A * 12/1981 Bair ...... .. 290/55

4,321,476 A * 3/1982 Buels ........................ .. 290/55

4,406,584 A * 9/1983 Stepp ........................ .. 416/41

4,430,044 A * 2/1984 Liljegren . ..

4,449,053 A * 5/1984 Kutcher 4,456,429 A * 6/1984 Kelland .. .

4,474,529 A * 10/1984 Kinsey ..................... .. 415/42

4,537,559 A * 8/1985 Herrmann 4,551,631 A * 11/1985 Trigilio 4,613,282 A * 9/1986 Wood .... .. 416/36

4,659,284 A * 4/1987 Wood 416/36 4,664,596 A * 5/1987 Wood . 416/32

4,684,817 A * 8/1987 Goldwater 290/55 4,715,776 A * 12/1987 Benesh ..................... .. 415/41

the other. Each is cylindrical in shape and has tWo rings separated by connecting ?ns. The cylinders vary in siZe With the top being the smallest, the middle or second being larger and the third being the largest. With loW Winds, only the smallest generator turns. As Wind velocity increases, the small generator rotates faster until clutches in a clutch ring move outWardly until they engage and secure to the second generator so both generators move together. As Wind speed increases, clutches on the second generator move outWardly until they engage and secure to the third generator and all generators noW rotate together. Thus varying amounts of elec tricity are generated depending on the Wind speed and Which generators are active. Each generator has its oWn rotating shaft With ball bearings betWeen the post and ?rst tube and betWeen the ?rst and second tubes. A cage protects the device from birds or other air-suspended articles.


US 7,425,776 B2 Page2

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,220,107 B2* 5/2007 Kaneda ................ .. 416/186A 7,230,348 B2* 6/2007 Poole 290/55

5,332,925 A * 7/1994 Thomas --------------------- -- 290/44 7,319,279 B2* 1/2008 Korner ...................... .. 290/55

5664418 A * 9/1997 Walters -- 60/398 7,329,965 B2* 2/2008 Roberts et a1. .............. .. 290/55

6,097,104 A * 8/2000 Russell -- 290/54 2003/0122380 Al* 7/2003 Harbison .. 290/55

6,132,172 A * 10/2000 Li --------- -- -- 416/11 2003/0133782 Al* 7/2003 Holteretal. ............... .. 415/42

6,172,429 131* V2001 Russell -- 290/54 2003/0133783 Al* 7/2003 Brock et a1. ............... .. 415/4.2

6,417,578 B1* 7/2002 Chapman et a1. 290/44 2003/0175109 A1* 9/2003 Brock et a1‘ _ _ 6,518,680 132* 2/2003 MCDaViCLJI -- 290/54 2003/0201645 Al* 10/2003 Pacheco .................... ..

6,638,005 132* 10/2003 Holteretal 415/4'2 2004/0105754 Al* 6/2004 Takahashi ................. .. 415/4.4 6,655,907 B2* 12/2003 Brocket a1. .. 415/4.2 2004/02651l6 A1* 12/2004 Kaneda _ ‘

6,674,181 B2* V2004 Harbison ------------------- -- 290/55 2005/0042095 Al* 2/2005 Kaliski ...................... .. 416/88

6,710,469 B2* 3/2004 McDavidJn -------------- -- 290/55 2008/0106102 Al* 5/2008 Liao .......................... ..

6,734,576 B2* 5/2004 Pacheco .. 290/55 6,800,955 B2* 10/2004 McDavid, Jr. .............. .. 290/54 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

6,910,873 B2* 6/2005 Kaliski ..................... .. 418/267 JP 2006307815 A ,, 11,2006 6,960,062 B2* 11/2005 Blank et a1. ............... .. 415/175

7,215,037 B2* 5/2007 ScalZi ....................... .. 290/55 * cited by examiner

US. Patent Sep. 16, 2008 Sheet 1 of4 US 7,425,776 B2

W L w :0:

M38

FIGURE .1.


24


FIGURE 5

FIGURE 7 FIGURE 6


50

m

I:

52

FIGURE 8

US 7,425,776 B2 1

MULTI-CYLINDER WIND POWERED GENERATOR

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to Wind powered generators

and, more particularly, to multi-cylinder vertically positioned Wind poWered generators having the ability to utiliZe loW Wind speeds to commence generating some electricity and to increasingly utiliZe higher Wind speeds to substantially increase generating capacity.

2. Description of the Prior Art Conventional Wind poWered generators in place today gen

erally have three rotors With each being nearly as long as the Wing of a small airplane. The rotors are heavy and require a fair amount of Wind to get them moving. To capture the Wind, the rotors are placed on very high toWers. When they move, they do not appear to be going very fast because they are so big. HoWever, they are going fast enough to create consider able noise in the form of a Whomp, Whomp, Whomp. They are high enough and going fast enough to pose a danger to birds, and they do kill birds much to the dismay of environmental ists. They are additionally complicated in that the rotors must be properly positioned to catch the Wind effectively. If there is a change in Wind direction, the rotors must be repositioned. With a Wind that is gusting from several different directions, there are inef?ciencies.

Thus there is a need for a number of improvements in the conventional Wind poWered generator ?eld, and it is to this need that the present invention is directed.

OBJECTIVES AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A primary objective of the present invention is to provide a Wind generator having improved features facilitating conve nient and ef?cient operation and design for utiliZing Wind poWer.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a machine that can handle light air With a smaller cylinder but have additional cylinders of suf?cient siZe and Weight to handle heavier Winds.

Yet another objective of the present invention to provide a device that does not need to be so high above the ground as is the case With conventional Windmill fans.

Still another objective of the present invention is to provide a device that can receive air ?oW from any direction Without requiring repositioning With a Wind direction change.

Yet still another objective of the present invention is to provide a device Which emits a Whirling sound Which is more restrained and more easily tolerated than conventional Wind mill sounds. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a

device that can be made more esthetically acceptable by being attractively lighted to enhance appearance and permit rela tively easy location at night.

The invention is a multiple generator vertical post and multiple tube device poWered by Wind Wherein the individual generators are positioned vertically, one above the other. Each is cylindrical in shape and designed similar to a squirrel cage fan. TWo rings are separated by ?ns, and each cylinder is made of lightWeight aluminum.

The top cylinder is the smallest in diameter and in length. At the bottom of the top cylinder is a clutch mechanism also in the form of a ring Which extends beloW the level of the top ring of the second cylinder. As the top cylinder moves faster,

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

2 centrifugal force pushes the arcs of the clutch ring out until they engage With the top ring of the second cylinder so that the top and middle cylinder begin to move together. As the second cylinder gathers speed, a second situation occurs. The second also has a clutch ring, and that ring engages the loWer cylinder to rotate it.

Since the top cylinder is the lightest in Weight, it Will move With the lightest Wind ?oW thereby generating some electric ity. The second cylinder is larger and heavier than the ?rst, and When it is moving, it Will generate signi?cantly more electricity. The loWest of the stacked cylinders is the largest and heaviest of the cylinders, and When it is moving, even larger amounts of electricity are generated. Once at this stage, all three cylinders are making a generating contribution. The top cylinder is attached to the longest supporting and

rotating member, a post, and at the bottom of that post is a gearing mechanism Which turns a dynamo. On the outside of this post is a ?rst tube to Which the second cylinder is attached. It rotates independently of the post and also has a gearing mechanism at the bottom Which turns a dynamo. A second tube is outside the ?rst tube and attaches to the loWest cylinder. It operates similarly to the ?rst sleeve. There are ball bearing rings betWeen the post and the ?rst tube for separation and sturdiness Which alloW the post and that tube to rotate With a minimum of friction. Similarly, there are ball bearing rings betWeen the ?rst tube and the second tube Which accom plish the same result. Suspended over all three cylinders is a mesh cage Whose purpose is to protect the cylinders from heavy hail and other adverse Weather conditions and to pre vent birds from crashing into the moving cylinders and sus taining injuries.

Thus there has been outlined the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description that folloWs may be better understood and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that Will be described hereinafter and Which Will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. In that respect, before explain ing at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its arrange ment of the components set forth in the folloWing description and illustrated in the draWings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various Ways.

It is also to be understood that the phraseology and termi nology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting in any respect. Those skilled in the art Will appreciate that the concept upon Which this disclosure is based may readily be utiliZed as a basis for designing other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of this development. It is important that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent meth ods and products resulting therefrom that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The application is neither intended to de?ne the invention of the application, Which is measured by its claims, nor to limit its scope in any Way.

Thus, the objectives of the invention set forth above, along With the various features of novelty, Which characteriZe the invention, are noted With particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better under standing of the invention, its operating advantages and the speci?c results obtained by its use, reference should be made to the folloWing detailed speci?cation taken in conjunction With the accompanying draWings Wherein like characters of reference designate like parts throughout the several vieWs.

US 7,425,776 B2 3

The drawings are included to provide a further understand ing of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this speci?cation. They illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together With their description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is an elevational schematic vieW of the multi-cylin der Wind poWered generator of the present invention in this example having three cylinders.

FIG. 2 is an elevational, isolated vieW of the ?rst, top and lightest Weight cylinder shoWn in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top, plan vieW of the ?rst cylinder shoWn in FIG. 2 illustrating the positioning of the Wind-engaging ?ns.

FIG. 4 is a top, plan vieW of the top cylinder as shoWn in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 shoWing the clutch plates in the extended condition so as to engage the inside of the second, middle cylinder positioned beloW and cause that cylinder to rotate With the top cylinder.

FIG. 5 is an elevational, isolated vieW of the second, and someWhat larger cylinder Which is attached to a tube rather than the post to Which the top cylinder is connected and is separated from the post by ball bearing rings.

FIG. 6 is a top, plan vieW of the second cylinder shoWn in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a top, plan vieW of the second cylinder shoWing the clutch plates in the extended condition so as to engage the inside of the third and largest cylinder positioned beloW and cause that cylinder to rotate With the second and ?rst cylin ders.

FIG. 8 is an elevational vieW of the third and largest cylin der Which is attached to a second tube Which is separated from the ?rst tube by ball bearing rings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring noW to the draWings and particularly to FIG. 1, a generating device shoWn generally as 10 includes a ?rst squir rel cage cylinder 12 Which is attached to a post 14 by braces 16, 18 that extend to the inner perimeter 20 of cylinder 12. A plurality of ?ns 22 are secured to and betWeen circular end rings 24, 26 in a ?xed relationship.

Cylinder ring 26 supports clutch plates 30. When cylinder 12 is not rotating rapidly, retracting springs 32 hold plates 30 to ring 26, thus alloWing ring 26 to ?t freely inside the top ring 34 of second cylinder 36. As Wind rotates cylinder 12 at a faster rate, centrifugal force pushes clutch plates 30 out Wardly so that they engage the inner perimeter 35 of top ring 34 of second cylinder 36 and cause it to rotate. As Wind decreases, clutch plates 30 retract and second cylinder 36 stops moving. FIG. 4 illustrates clutchplates 30 of cylinder 12 in the extended, rim-engaging position.

Second cylinder 36 is attached to a ?rst tube 38. The attach ment is similar to the attachment of top cylinder 12 to post 14. Second cylinder 36 also has a ring 40 With clutch plates 42 attached, and they function similarly to clutch plates 30 on top cylinder 12. To keep post 14 and ?rst tube 38 separated and turning freely, tWo rings 44 are attached to post 14. They house a series of ball bearings that touch ?rst tube 38 and keep it separated from post 14.

The third and largest cylinder 50 is attached to second tube 52 in the same manner as those previously described. Its only difference is that it does not have a ring of clutch plates because there is no cylinder beloW it to be turned. Ball bear

5

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

4 ings Within rings of bearings 46 keep second tube 52 sepa rated from ?rst tube 38 and alloW easy turning.

First cylinder 12 is attached to the longest supporting and rotating member, post 14, and at the bottom of post 14 is a conventional gearing mechanism Which turns a dynamo (not shoWn). On the outside of post 14 is ?rst tube 38 to Which second cylinder 36 is attached. It rotates independently of post 14 and also has a connected conventional gearing mecha nism and dynamo. Second tube 52 is outside ?rst tube 38 and attaches to third cylinder 50. It operates similarly to ?rst tube 38. There are ball bearings, more particularly, ball bearing rings 46 betWeen post 14 and ?rst tube 38 for separation and sturdiness Which alloW post 14 and ?rst tube 38 to rotate With a minimum of friction. Similarly, there are ball bearings, more particularly, ball bearing rings 46 betWeen ?rst tube 38 and second tube 52 Which accomplish the same result.

Suspended over cylinders 12, 36 and 50 is a covering 56 (FIG. 1) made of Wire mesh or other suitable material Whose purpose is to protect the cylinders from heavy hale or other adverse Weather conditions and to prevent birds prevent birds from colliding With the moving cylinders and sustaining inju nes.

From the preceding description, it can be seen that a multi cylinder vertically positioned Wind-poWered generator sys tem has been provided that Will meet all of the advantages of prior art devices and offer additional advantages not hereto fore achievable. With respect to the foregoing invention, the optimum dimensional relationship to the parts of the inven tion including variations in siZe, materials, shape, form, func tion, and manner of operation, use and assembly are deemed readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships illustrated in the drawings and described in the speci?cation are intended to be encompassed herein. The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the prin

ciples of the invention. Numerous modi?cations and changes Will readily occur to those skilled in the art, and it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shoWn and described. All suitable modi?cations and equivalents that full Within the scope of the appended claims are deemed Within the present inventive concept. What is claimed is: 1. A Wind driven generation device comprising: a pair of

vertically positioned Wind driven rotatable and electricity generating cylinders; each of said pair of cylinders having a different diameter, said cylinders each comprising a plurality of ?xed ?ns, a ?rst ring, said ?ns rigidly attached to said ?rst ring, and means selectively connecting the cylinders to increase generating capacity in response to increased Wind speed and to decrease generating capacity in response to decreased Wind speed.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a third cylinder, said third cylinder having a diameter larger than each of said pair of cylinders, said third cylinder selec tively connected to said pair of cyliners in response to the Wind speed.

3. The device as claimed in claim 2 Wherein the device responds to multi-directional Wind ?oW Without Wind direc tional adjustment, each of the rotatable cylinders has a plu rality of Wind-receiving ?ns and each of the rotatable cylin ders is connected to a single centrally positioned rotating member.

4. The device as claimed in claim 3 Wherein each of the rotatable cylinders has circular ends to Which the vertical Wind-receiving ?ns are rigidly secured to prevent rotation of the ?ns in relation to the circular ends and a plurality of clutch plates normally held in a circular con?guration around one circular end by the bias of a plurality of springs and moveable

US 7,425,776 B2 5

outwardly upon rotation of the cylinder to over come the bias of the springs and engage and secure the cylinder to a larger diameter cylinder so that the secured cylinders rotate together.

5. The device as claimed in claim 4 Wherein all cylinders are connected and rotate together.

6. The device as claimed in claim 5 further comprising: a cage surrounding the device to provide protection from birds and other air-suspended articles.



9. The device as claimed in claim 2 Wherein each of the rotatable cylinders has a circular interior opening With ?rst and second interior opening ends and circular ends over the ?rst and second interior opening ends to Which the vertical Wind-receiving ?ns are secured and a plurality of clutch plates normally held in a ?at circular con?guration proximate one of the circular ends and Within one of the interior opening ends of an adjacent cylinder by the bias of a plurality of springs and movable outWardly upon rotation of the cylinder to overcome the bias of the springs and engage and secure the rotating cylinder to the surface of the inside of the circular interior opening of a larger diameter adjacent cylinder so that said cylinders rotate together.

10. The device as claimed in claim 9 Wherein the device responds to multi-directional Wind ?oW Without Wind direc tional adjustment, each of said, rotatable cylinders has a plu rality of ?xed vertical Wind-receiving ?ns, each of said rotat able cylinders connected to a single centrally positioned rotating member.

20

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6 11. The device as claimed in claim 10 further comprising:

a cage surrounding the device to provide protection from birds and other air-suspended articles.


13. The device as claimed in claim 2 further comprising: a plurality of clutch plates normally held in a circular con?gu ration around at least one circular end by the bias of a plurality of springs and movable outWardly upon rotation of one of said cylinders to overcome the bias of the springs and engage and secure the cylinder to a larger diameter cylinder so that said cylinders rotate together.

14. The device as claimed in claim 13 Wherein each of said rotatable cylinders is connected to a single centrally posi tioned rotating member.

15. The device as claimed in claim 2 further comprising: a cage surrounding the device to provide protection from birds and other air suspended articles.

16. The device as claimed in claim 2 Wherein the device responds to multi-directional Wind ?oW Without Wind direc tional adjustment.

17. The device as claimed in claim 2 Wherein each of the rotatable cylinders has a plurality of vertical Wind-receiving ?ns and a second ring, said ?ns ?xably attached to said second ring.

18. The device as claimed in claim 2 Wherein each of the rotatable cylinders is connected to a single centrally posi tioned rotating member.

19. The device as claimed in claim 1 Wherein the device responds to multi-directional Wind ?oW Without Wind direc tional adjustment.

US007494315B2

(12) Unlted States Patent (10) Patent N0.2 US 7,494,315 B2 Hart (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 24, 2009

(54) HELICAL TAPER INDUCED VORTICAL 4,718,821 A 1/1988 Clancy FLOW TURBINE 5,405,246 A 4/1995 Goldberg

6,015,258 A 1/2000 Taylor

(76) Inventor: James R. Hart, 3612 Cheshire Ave., i 13; Sorlov , , 1

Carlsbad’ CA (Us) 92010 6,428,275 B1 8/2002 Jaakkola . . . . . 6,465,899 B2 10/2002 R b It

( * ) Nome: sublectto any dlsclalmer’. the term Ofthls 6,923,615 B2 * 8/2005 clinic; .................... .. 415/41 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6 935 841 B2 800% Rainbow U-S-C- 154(1)) by 371 days- 6,984,899 B1 * 1/2006 Rice ......................... .. 415/42

7,040,859 B2 5/2006 Kane (21) Appl- No: 11/418,786 7,344,353 B2 3/2008 Naskali et al.

2004/0061337 A1 4/2004 Becker (22) Filed: May 5, 2006 2005/0106023 A1* 5/2005 Palley ...................... .. 416/176

(65) Prior Publication Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS

US 2007/0258806 A1 NOV. 8, 2007 Mehta, R., et al. “Design rules for small low speed Wind tunnels”,. Technical Notes, T heAeronautical Journal of the Royal Aeronautical

(51) Int, Cl, Society, 443-49 (Nov. 1979). F0 3 B 3/12 (200601) Nam, K., et al. “Stability of spiral Wave vortex ?laments with phase

_ _ _ twists”, Physical ReviewiT he American Physical Society, ‘52) “8' C" """" 'ii5771'?'ii's/iiziliikligiifi$13911 89g

_ _ _ ’ ’ ’ Umur, H., et al “Laminar and turbulent forced convection in accel

(58) Fleld 0f Classl?catlon Search ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 415/42: erating and decelerating curved ?ows”, Research Articles, Current 415/4.4, 64, 71, 176, 907; 416/197 A Science, 87(9):1237-43 (Nov. 2004).

See application ?le for complete search history. _ (Continued)



274,541 A 3/1883 Zwiebel 1,027,501 A 5/1912 Smith 1,100,332 A 6/1914 Pearson 1,519,447 A * 12/1924 Fortier-Beaulieu ........ .. 415/186

1,697,574 A 1/1929 Savonius 1,766,765 A 6/1930 Savonius 3,941,504 A * 3/1976 Snarbach .............. .. 416/197A

4,218,175 A * 8/1980 Carpenter .............. .. 415/219.1

4,236,866 A * 12/1980 Zapata Martinez ......... .. 415/4.4

4,293,274 A 10/1981 Gilman 4,357,130 A 11/1982 Forrest 4,652,206 A 3/1987 Yeoman 4,715,776 A 12/1987 Benesh

Primary ExamineriIgor Kershteyn (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4Gordon & Rees, LLP

(57) ABSTRACT

A turbine generator system, having: a rotatable base; and a plurality of rotor vanes extending from the rotatable base, Wherein each of the rotor vanes have helical tapered inner and outer surfaces, and Wherein each of the rotor vanes is curved to catch ?oW perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotatable base and to direct the How into a vortical ?oW between the inner surfaces of the rotor vanes.


US 7,494,315 B2 Page 2

OTHER PUBLICATIONS Website on Windside Products Technical Data at http://WWW. Windside.c0rn/pr0ducts.htrn1 1- (Sep. 2006).

Website on Windside Products at http://WWW.Windside.c0rn/pr0d ucts.htrnl 1-3 (Sep. 2006). * cited by examiner

US. Patent Feb. 24, 2009 Sheet 1 0f 12 US 7,494,315 B2

30

34 /- so 32

32

32

34

FIGURE 1


30

FIGURE 2


FIGURE 3


FIGURE 4


W

W

W

FIGURE 5


34

35

FIGURE 6


FIGURE 7


32

40 35

34

3O

35

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20

FIGURE 8


40

35 34

34

FIGURE 9


32 34

34

30 32

30

FIGURE 10


A

I l I l

I’ \ 'W

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F ————> F F ——->

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23

28

27

22

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US007633177B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,633,177 B2 Platt (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 15, 2009

(54) REDUCED FRICTION WIND TURBINE 5,852,331 A 12/1998 Giorgini APPARATUS AND METHOD 6,147,415 A 11/2000 Fukada

. 6,158,953 A * 12/2000 L t .................... .. 415/44 (75) Inventor: Michael D. Platt, Yates C1ty, IL (US) amon

6,160,336 A 12/2000 Baker, Jr. et a1.

(73) Assignee: Natural Forces, LLC, Edelstein, IL 6,191,496 B1 2/2001 Elder (US) 6,215,199 B1 4/2001 Lysenko e161.

. . . . . 6,224,338 B1 5/2001 Ch ' t 111' ( * ) Not1ce: Subject to any d1scla1mer, the term of th1s Us a l

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6239506 B1 5/2001 Roskey U_S_C_ 154(1)) by 337 days_ 6,239,507 B1 5/2001 Douthit

6,242,818 B1 6/2001 Smedley (21) APP1- NO-I 11/747,531 6,246,125 B1 6/2001 Axtell

. 6,254,034 B1 7/2001 C t (22) Flled: May 11, 2007 “Pen er 6,270,308 B1* 8/2001 Groppel .................... .. 415/43

(65) Prior Publication Data 6,285,090 B1 9/2001 Brutsaert et al.

US 2007/0241567 A1 Oct. 18, 2007 6320273 B1 “0001 Name” 6,361,275 B1 3/2002 Wobben

Related US. Application Data 6,400,039 B1 6/2002 Wobben

(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/105,945, ?led on Apr. 14, 2005, noW Pat. No. 7,235,893.

(51) Int‘ Cl‘ (Continued) F 03D 3/ 04 (2006-01) Primary ExamineriNicholas Ponomarenko

(52) US. Cl. ............................ .. 290/54; 290/43; 290/55 ('74) Allgrney Agent, or FirmiRobert C, Haldiman; Husch (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 290/42, Blackwell Sanders LLP

290/43, 44, 52, 53, 54, 55 See application ?le for complete search history. (57) ABSTRACT



1,233,232 A 7/1917 Heyroth 1,352,960 A 9/1920 Heyroth 4,015,911 A 4/1977 Darvishian 4,031,405 A 6/1977 Asperger 4,350,900 A 9/1982 Baughman 4,551,631 A * 11/1985 Trigilio ..................... .. 290/55

4,589,970 A 5/1986 Ligtenberg et a1. 4,720,640 A 1/1988 Anderson et a1. 5,038,049 A 8/1991 Kato 5,044,878 A 9/1991 Wilhelm 5,083,899 A * 1/1992 Koch ........................ .. 415/21

A ?uid ?oW energy capture device for poWer generation has a rotor With a substantially vertical axis and a plurality of vanes. A mount for the rotor alloWs the rotor to rotate in response to ?uid ?oW such as Wind contacting the plurality of vanes, and the mount puts the rotor in rotationally driving communica tion With a generator. The rotor has an open center Which alloWs ?uid communication from spaces betWeen the vanes to above the rotor. A plurality of guide surfaces de?ne channels that bias ?uid ?oW to be tangential to the rotor.


100

1,113

US 7,633,177 B2 Page2

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,952,058 B2 10/2005 M6c61n 6,962,478 B2 11/2005 Tsipvo

6,402,472 B1 6/2002 Hogue eta1~ 6,967,413 B2 11/2005 A1iy6 6,452,287 B1 9/2002 Looker 6,979,175 B2 12/2005 D161<6 6,465,899 B2 10/2002 Roberts 6,984,899 B1* 1/2006 R166 .......................... .. 290/44 6,476,513 B1 11/2002 Gueorguiev 7,008,171 B1 3/2006 WhitVVOI‘th 6,481,957 B1 11/2002 Brill 7,011,497 B2 3/2006 Schmidt 6,514,043 B1 2/2003 Rasmussen etal. 7,040,858 B2 5/2006 Suzuki 6,518,680 B2 2/2003 MCDaVid, Jr. 7,042,109 B2 5/2006 Gabrys 6,538,340 B2 3/2003 Elder 7,067,937 B2 6/2006 Enish 6161. 6,548,913 B2 4/2003 Jang 7,081,690 B2 7/2006 COIIlaIl 6,622,483 B2 9/2003 Denniss 7,098,552 B2 8/2006 M6c6in 6,641,367 B1 11/2003 V6nd611<1ipp6 7,101,152 B2 9/2006 wobben 6,655,916 B2 12/2003 RamisaNavarro 7,105,941 B2 9/2006 Hua 6,674,181 B2 V2004 Harbison 7,118,338 B2 10/2006 MOIOZ 6161. 6,676,122 B1 V2004 W9bben 7,126,236 B2 10/2006 HBIbOllI't 6161. 6,700,218 B2 3/2004 $912 7,129,596 B2 10/2006 MaCedO 6,710,468 B1 3/2004 Marrero O’Shanahan 7,157,805 B2 1/2007 Mooring 6,713,893 B2 3/2004 van derHorn 7,161,260 B2 1/2007 Krug61-G61Zm6nn 6161. 6,726,439 B2 4/2004 M11<116116161 7,168,251 B1 1/2007 161166611 6,726,440 B2 4/2004 P911arcl 7,172,386 B2 2/2007 Truong 6161. 6,734,576 B2 5/2004 Pacheco 7,183,664 B2 2/2007 M6c1in1i6 6,749,393 B2 6/2004 Sosonkina 7,186,083 B2 3/2007 Bayly 6,750,559 B2 6/2004 Becker 7,189,051 B1 3/2007 HeifetS 6,766,643 B2 7/2004 Christensen 7,190,087 B2 3/2007 Williams 6,779,966 B2 8/2004 Smi?LII 7,235,893 B2* 6/2007 P1611 .......................... .. 290/54 6,784,566 B2 8/2004 Thomas 7,348,686 B2 3/2008 Fielder 6,798,082 B1 9/2004 Chen 7,397,144 B1* 7/2008 B16s1m6y616161. ......... .. 290/53 6,860,720 B2 3/2005 Nagy .................... .. 415/2081 7,417,334 B2 8/2008 Uchiyama 6,868,646 B1 3/2005 Penna 7,425,772 B2 9/2008 N6v6vid6l 6,910,867 B2 6/2005 (3611611 6,926,491 B2 8/2005 Migler * cited by examiner

US. Patent Dec. 15, 2009 Sheet 1 0f 12 US 7,633,177 B2

US 7,633,177 B2 US. Patent Dec. 15 2009 Sheet2 or 12


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US007677862B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,677,862 B2 Boatner (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 16, 2010

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE WITH 4,087,202 A * 5/1978 Musgrove .................. .. 416/41 ARTICULATING ROTOR 4,184,084 A 1/ 1980 Crehore

4,299,537 A 11/1981 Evans

(76) Inventor: Bruce E. Boatner, 1212 E. Riversong 2 1(5); gryor S , , rice, r.

Dr" Eagle’ ID (Us) 83616 4,415,312 A 11/1983 Brenneman

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this ‘SA gmsey . . , lkes

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,320,273 B1 11/2001 Nemec U-S-C- 154(1)) by 698 days- 6,402,472 B1 * 6/2002 Hogue et a1. .......... .. 416/132A

6,543,999 B1* 4/2003 Polen ........................ .. 416/17

(21) Appl. N0.: 11/635,308 6,688,842 B2 2/2004 Boatner 6,749,394 B2 6/2004 Boatner

(22) Filed: Dec. 7, 2006 7,118,341 B2 * 10/2006 Hartman .................... .. 416/17

(65) Prior Publication Data * cited by examiner

Us 2008/0095608 A1 APr- 24, 2008 Primary ExamineriEdWard Look _ _ Assistant ExamineriRyan H Ellis

Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiLoyal McKinley Hanson

(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/501,088, ?led on Aug. 7, 2006, noW abandoned. (57) ABSTRACT

(51) Int. Cl. AVAWT Wind engine includes a support structure, an articu F 03D 7/06 (2006.01) lating rotor mounted on the support structure for rotation

(52) us. Cl. ....................... .. 415/42; 415/907; 416/144 aboutavenically extending axis, andatleast one airfoil onrhe (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 415/42, rotor for rotor-Powering Purposes The articulating rotor is

415/44’ 907; 416/110’ 111, 117, 118, 132 R’ mounted in a manner enabling tilting movement of the rotor 416/132 B’ 148 during rotation so that the airfoil produces rotor rotation and

See application ?le for Complete Search history rotor tilt as the airfoil orbits the rotational axis. At least one mechanical linkage is included to actively vary airfoil pitch

(56) References Clted according to rotor tilt. The partially articulating rotor of a


226,357 A 4/1880 Saccone 232,205 A 9/1880 Preston 237,851 A * 2/1881 Foskett ...................... .. 416/80

1,800,470 A * 4/1931 Oehmichen ................ .. 416/40

1,835,018 A 12/1931 Darrieus 2,038,467 A 4/1936 Zanoski 2,465,285 A * 3/1949 Schwickerath ............. .. 416/41

2,481,750 A 9/1949 Hiller et a1.

teetering-rotor embodiment seesaWs up and doWn about a horiZontally extending pivotal axis. The fully articulating rotor of another embodiment supports three airfoils as it tilts in any direction by virtue of a gimbal or other rotor hub assembly providing a 360-degree sWiveling action, While furling hinges help protect the airfoils against damaging Winds during Wind engine shutdoWn.


US. Patent Mar. 16, 2010 Sheet 1 6f 19 US 7,677,862 B2


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211 ' f

261, 262, 263, 264

US. Patent Mar. 16 2010 Sheet 6 0f 19


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A4

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US007679206B1

(10) Patent N0.: US 7,679,206 B1 Green (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 16, 2010

(54) WIND POWER APPARATUS 981,077 A * 1/1911 Feldner ................. .. 415/2101

4,124,182 A * 11/1978 Loeb .................... .. 244/153 R

(76) Inventor: 0 Raymond Green, PO BOX 1045, 4,218,175 A * 8/1980 Carpenter .............. .. 415/2191 Jackson, CA (Us) 95642 4,276,033 A * 6/1981 Krovina . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 440/8

* _ _ _ _ _ _ 5,669,758 A * 9/1997 Williamson 416/4

( ) Nome" subleclto any ‘3531mm? the germgftglg 6,903,466 B1 * 6/2005 Mercier et a1. . 290/44 1’??? llssixgelt 6350f; Juste un er 7,044,718 B1 * 5/2006 Platts ....................... .. 417/405

' ' ' ( ) y ays' 2002/0033019 A1 * 3/2002 Mizzi ........................ .. 60/398

2008/0303285 A1* 12/2008 Bondhus .................... .. 290/54

(22) Filed: Feb. 7, 2007

Related US. Application Data * Cited by examiner

(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/233,112, _ _ . Przmar Exammerilulio C. Gonzalez ?ld S .23 2005 Pt.N .7176584. y

e on ep ’ ’ now a O ’ ’ (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiTheodore J. Bielen, Jr.

(51) Int. Cl. F03D 9/00 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT H02P 9/04 (2006.01)

(52) U..S. Cl. ...... .... ...... ... ........................ .. 290/44; 290/55 A Wind power apparatus utilizing an anchor which is romp

(58) Field of Classl?catlonsearch ................. 290/43, ably ?xed to a Surface A Chute attaches to the anchor and is 290/44’ 54’ 55’ 415/7’ 2'1’ 4'2’ 4'5’ 606%’ provided With a chamber. A restrictor is located in the cham _ _ 4_16/7’ 132 B her to concentrate the WindWithin an annular area of the chute

See apphcanon ?le for Complete Search hlstory' and direct it to a poWer generator Via one or more nozzles. The

(56) References Cited poWer generator is then used to produce electricity, move an

US PATENT DOCUMENTS

833,184 A * 10/1906 Terzian ..................... .. 415/4.5

object, and the like.


US. Patent Mar. 16, 2010 Sheet 1 0f4 US 7,679,206 B1

Fl.1


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6O

58

55 p 84

82

56 \J0 62

O O

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20

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US007744338B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,744,338 B2 DeRuyter et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 29, 2010

(54) FLUID TURBINE SYSTEMS 3,895,882 A 7/1975 Moyer 3,918,839 A 11/1975 Blackwell et al.

(75) Inventors: William DeRuyter, Norco, CA (US); 3 970 409 A 7/1976 Luchuk Michael AllaWos, Glendora, CA (US); i i . Peter L COye’ Claremom’ CA (Us) 3,995,170 A 11/1976 Grayb1ll

(73) Assignee: California Energy & Power, Glendora, CA S

(U ) (Continued) ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 USC. 154(b) by 73 days. JP 2005-113896 A 4/2005

(21) Appl.No.: 12/268,274

(22) Filed: NOV. 10, 2008 (Continued)


Us 2010/0054910A1 Mar- 4: 2010 PCT International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US2009/ 053934; dated Mar. 29, 2010.

Related US. Application Data . . . . Primary ExamineriRichard Edgar

(60) 51023131801181 appl1cat1on No. 61/094,386, ?led on Sep. (74) Attorney] Agent] or FirmiKnObbe’ Martens’ Olson & ’ ' Bear, LLP

(51) Int. Cl. F 03D 7/06 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT

(52) US. Cl. ..................................................... .. 415/21

(58) Field of cfllzs/igcaltimbselagcilé‘ 1451/3?’ Various ?uid turbine systems and methods are described. The ’ ’ ’ ’ ’415’/3 1’ 4’1 4 2 turbine can be a Vertical axis Wind turbine con?gured to

See a lication ?le for Com lete Search ilis'to’ ' ’ ' generate poWer from Wind energy. The turbine system can pp p 1y‘ have a blade assembly. The blade assembly can have a plu

(56) References Cited rality of blades rotatable about an axis. The turbine system


600,893 A 3/1898 Schmucker 698,409 A * 4/1902 Neuser ..................... .. 415/21

767,080 A 8/1904 Phillips 1,697,574 A l/l929 Savonius 1,766,765 A 6/1930 Savonius 1,808,874 A 6/1931 Wilson 1,810,113 A 6/1931 SchlotZhauer 2,169,149 A 8/1939 Johanson 2,335,817 A * 11/1943 Topalov .................... .. 415/42

can have a concentrator positionable upWind and in front of a return side of the blade assembly. The concentrator can de?ne a convex surface facing the Wind. The turbine system can also have a Variable concentrator positionable upWind of a push side of the blade assembly. The Variable concentrator can be adjustable betWeen a ?rst position and a second position, the Variable concentrator being capable of de?ecting more Wind toWard the turbine in the ?rst position than in the second position.


US 7,744,338 B2 Page2

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,084,523 B2 8/2006 Noguchi 7,132,760 B2 11/2006 Becker

4,031,405 A 6/1977 Asperger 7,144,214 B2 12/2006 Kinpara 613.1. 4,079,264 A 3/1978 Cohen 7,241,105 B1 7/2007 Vanderhye 613.1. 4,115,032 A 9/1978 Lange 7,287,954 B2 10/2007 Kinkaid 6131. 4,264,279 A 4/1981 Dereng 7,314,346 B2 1/2008 Vanderhye 613.1. 4,281,965 A 8/1981 Stjernholm 7,323,792 B2 V2008 Sohn 4,288,200 A 9/1981 O’Hare 7,344,353 B2 3/2008 Naskali et a1. 4293274 A 10/1981 Gilman 7,347,660 B2 3/2008 Taylor 613.1. 4,359,311 A 11/1982 Benesh 7,364,399 B2 4/2008 Stiig 6131. 4,382,191 A 5/1983 Potter 7,364,406 B2 4/2008 Kinkaid 4,486,143 A 12/1984 MCVey 2004/0036297 A1 2/2004 Rowe 4,543,042 A 9/1985 Lange 2004/0057829 A1 3/2004 Khan 4,718,821 A V1988 Clancy 2004/0061337 A1 4/2004 Becker 4,890,976 A V1990 191188911 2004/0105754 A1 6/2004 Takahashi 5,037,268 A 8/1991 P9111911 2005/0099013 A1 5/2005 Noguchi 5,391,926 A 2/1995 Stale/y eta1~ 2006/0257240 A1 11/2006 Naskali et al. 5503530 A 4/1996 Walters 2006/0275105 A1 12/2006 Roberts 6,158,953 A 12/2000 Lamont 2007/0269305 A1 11/2007 Burg 6,428,275 B1 8/2002 Jaakkola 2008/0085179 A1 4/2008 Kinkaid 6131. 6,518,680 B2 2/2003 McDaVid, Jr. Zoos/0187432 A1 8/2008 Cowan 6,666,650 B1 12/2003 Themel 6,674,181 B2 1/2004 Harbison FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,779,966 B2 8/2004 Smith 11 6,911,745 B1 6/2005 Howenstine et a1. W0 W0 8706652 A1 * 11/1987

6,984,899 B1 1/2006 Rice 7,040,859 B2 5/2006 Kane * cited by examiner

US. Patent Jun. 29, 2010 Sheet 1 0f 14 US 7,744,338 B2

702

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US007744345B1

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,744,345 B1 Pohribnak (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 29, 2010

(54) WIND POWER GENERATOR (56) References Cited

(76) Inventor: Victor E. Pohribnak, PO. Box 400, US' PATENT DOCUMENTS

(21)

(22)

(51)

(52) (58)

Bismarck, ND (US) 58502


Appl. No.: 11/818,855

Filed: Jun. 18, 2007

Int. C].

F 03D 3/04 (2006.01) US. Cl. .......................................... .. 416/9; 415/4.2

Field of Classi?cation Search ................... .. 416/9;

415/4.2, 4.4, 48, 49 See application ?le for complete search history.

20 v

14 58

5,038,049 A * 8/1991 Kato ........................... .. 416/9

* cited by examiner

Primary ExamineriRichard Edgar

(57) A vertical axis Wind turbine provides a rotor assembly Which rotates on bearing assemblies af?xed to a rotor shaft sup ported by a base, the rotor assembly having vertical blades mounted betWeen top and bottom plates, and poWer takeoff means to provide poWer by direct mechanical linkage or to drive an electrical generator. The rotor assembly is partially enclosed by a housing. Attached to the side of the housing is a Wind vane. Attached to the bottom side of the housing are rollers. The Wind vane, in combination With the rollers, act to rotate the housing to a position that Will permit the Wind to act upon the exposed vertical blades.

ABSTRACT


40

12

28

60

US. Patent Jun. 29, 2010 Sheet 1 of3 US 7,744,345 B1

FIG. 1

40

20

26

\12

28

36

50

FIG. 2

56


FIG. 3

50

56

18

FIG. 4

3s

18


FIG. 5

48

36

18

20

38


US007759812B2

(10) Patent N0.: US 7,759,812 B2 Taylor et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 20, 2010

(54) INTEGRATED POWER PLANT THAT OTHER PUBLICATIONS UTILIZES RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATIVE _ _

ENERGY SOURCES Ben Kroposkl and Carolyn Elam,- Renewable Electrolysls Integrated System Development and Test1ng, Nat10nal Renewable Energy

(75) Inventors: Ronald J. Taylor, Cheyenne, WY (US); Laboratory’ May 25’ 2004' Scott J. Taylor, Cheyenne, WY (US) (Continued)

(73) Assignee: Terra Moya Aqua, Inc., Cheyenne, WY Primary Examinerilulio Gonzalez (Us) (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiWilliam W. Cochran;

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Cochran Freund & Young LLC patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(1)) by 415 days. (57) ABSTRACT

(21) Appl' NO’: 11/747’857 A large pressure differential is created between the leading (22) Filed: May 11, 2007 face of the rotor blade and the trailing face of the rotor blade

. . . during the power cycle which creates a large amount of force (65) Pnor Pubhcatlon Data that rotates the rotor blade about the central shaft. In some

US 2007/0267874 A1 Nov 22, 2007 embodiments, gaps are provided between the inside edge of _ _ the rotor blade and a stationary shaft which vents wind col

Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data lected by the rotor blade during certainportions of the rotation (63) continuation_in_pan of application NO 11/685,365, cycle. The vented wind increases the pressure on the trailing

?led on Man 13, 2007, HOW Pat NO_ 7,347,660, which face of the rotorblades durmg the return cycle to further ass1st is a continuation of application No. 11/284 774 ?led 1n the ef?clgnfiy 01f thlds lslystem' addmon’ a1} lmegragid

’ - ’ - power p ant 1s 1sc ose t at prov1 es a source 0 renewa e

on 1:0“ i1’ ZQOS’aIrItOWfPat' I1\.IO' t7’18i’I0501’ 87811501115115 5 energy in the form of a cross-?ow wind turbine that includes Con mua lon'm'p O app lea Ion 0' ’ ’ solar cells mounted on south facing surfaces of the stators. ?led on Apr‘ 23’ 2004’ HOW Pat‘ NO‘ 6’966’747' The stators can be used to store liquids and fuels generated by

(60) Provisional application No. 60/467,773, ?led on Apr. the renewable energy Sources~ Elecmcal Power generate/(Thy 30’ 2003, provisional application No_ 60/639,448’ the renewable energy sources 'can be used 1n a desahnatlon ?led on Dec 23 200 4 process to generate pure drmkmg water that can be stored 1n

' ’ ' the stator devices. Electrical energy generated by the renew (51) IIlt- Cl- able energy sources can be used in an electrolysis device to

F 03D 9/00 (2006.01) generate oxygen and hydrogen gases. The oxygen and hydro H02P 9/04 (2006.01) gen gases can be used to operate a fuel cell to generate

(52) us. Cl. ......................................... .. 290/44; 290/55 electricity When neede<_1~ The hydrogen 04119150 be used to (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 290/44, Operate a hy‘imgen engine that “ms an auxlhary generator to

290/55- 60/398 698 641 12 659- 416/132 B' SUPPIY auxlhary electncil POW? wlhen need?‘1~ A bilqfuei ’ ’ ’ ' ’ ’ _ ’ englne, propane gas engme, na ra gas engme, or 1ese

415/191’ 4'4’ 126’ 907’ 2'1’ 4'1’ 4'5’ 1’ 210/153’ engine can also be used to run the auxiliary generator. _ _ 210/170’ 2623 172'1’ 252 Mechanical power from the wind turbine can be used to run

See apphcanon ?le for Complete Search hlstory- mechanical pumps to pump water to a reservoir at a higher (56) References Cited elevation, which can then be used to run a water turbine that


201,400 A 3/1878 Everhart

(Continued)

AIRFOIL STATOR/TANK

3010

3000 INTEGRATED POWER PLANT

is connected to the auxiliary generator to generate electrical power when needed.


STATOR/TANK 3014

STATOFVTAN K 3006

, j @3003 5 ~ SOLARCELLS

\aooz ROTOR

SOLAR CELLS 3009

3004 HOUSING FOR EQUIPMENT

US 7,759,812 B2

2,812,823 2,896,882 3,876,925 3,895,882 3,922,012 3,938,907 3,986,786 4,031,405 4,037,983 4,057,270 4,070,131 4,079,264 4,084,918 4,088,419 4,115,027 4,115,028 4,116,581 4,119,863 4,132,282 4,154,556 4,156,580 4,164,382 4,174,923 4,204,796 4,234,289 4,236,866 4,260,325 4,270,056 4,278,896 4,288,200 4,295,783 4,309,146 4,350,900 4,365,929 4,407,833 4,423,368 4,452,562 4,457,666 4,474,529 4,486,143 4,490,232 4,496,848 4,551,631 4,575,311 4,606,697 4,717,832 4,830,570 4,838,757 4,843,249 4,890,976 4,960,363 4,979,871 5,020,967 5,037,268 5,038,049 5,126,584


11/1957 7/1959 4/1975 7/1975 11/1975 2/1976 10/1976 6/1977 7/1977 11/1977 1/1978 3/1978 4/1978 5/1978 9/1978 9/1978 9/1978 10/1978 1/1979 5/1979 5/1979 8/1979

11/1979 5/1980

11/1980 12/1980 4/1981 5/1981 7/1981 9/1981 10/1981 1/1982 9/1982 12/1982 10/1983 12/1983 6/1984 7/1984 10/1984 12/1984 12/1984 1/1985

11/1985 3/1986 8/1986 1/1988 5/1989 6/1989 6/1989 1/1990

10/1990 12/1990 6/1991 8/1991 8/1991 6/1992

Oviedo Nelson Stoeckert Moyer HerZ Magoveny et al. Sellman Asperger Poeta Lebost Yen Cohen Pavlecka Hope et al. Thomas HintZe Bolie Kelly Sparks Webster Pohl Mysels Williamson Pack Lebost Zapata Martinez Cymara Wright McFarland O’Hare Lebost Hein et al. Baughman RetZ SWartZ Bussiere Hsu Selman, Jr. Kinsey McVey Lapeyre Binder Trigilio Wood Appel Harris Benesh Benesh Bussiere Jansson Bergstein Reiner Gual et al. Fenlon Kato Ouellet

Page 2

5,133,637 A 7/1992 Wadsworth 5,163,813 A 11/1992 Schlenker 5,203,672 A 4/1993 Wolf 5,246,342 A 9/1993 Bergstein 5,269,647 A 12/1993 Moser 5,280,827 A 1/1994 Taylor 5,287,004 A 2/1994 Finley 5,313,103 A 5/1994 Hickey 5,333,996 A 8/1994 Bergstein 5,336,933 A 8/1994 Ernster 5,380,149 A 1/1995 Valsamidis 5,386,146 A 1/1995 Hickey 5,391,926 A 2/1995 Staley et al. 5,454,694 A 10/1995 O’Dell 5,463,257 A 10/1995 Yea 5,503,525 A 4/1996 Brown et al. 5,553,996 A 9/1996 Farrar 5,810,284 A * 9/1998 Hibbs et al. ................. .. 244/13

5,844,324 A 12/1998 Spriggle 5,852,331 A 12/1998 Giorgini 5,895,201 A 4/1999 Huovinen 6,000,907 A 12/1999 Bic 6,015,258 A 1/2000 Taylor 6,083,382 A 7/2000 Bird 6,100,600 A * 8/2000 P?anZ ....................... .. 290/54

6,109,863 A 8/2000 Milliken 6,113,350 A 9/2000 Liu 6,138,781 A 10/2000 Hakala 6,158,953 A 12/2000 Lamont 6,191,496 B1 2/2001 Elder 6,309,172 B1 10/2001 Gual 6,406,251 B1 6/2002 Vauthier 6,448,669 B1 9/2002 Elder 6,538,340 B2 3/2003 Elder 6,581,873 B2 6/2003 McDermott 6,962,053 B2* 11/2005 Gebelet al. .............. .. 60/641.1

6,966,747 B2 11/2005 Taylor et al. 7,029,576 B2* 4/2006 Siegfriedsen ............. .. 210/153

7,075,189 B2 * 7/2006 Heronemus et al. ......... .. 290/44

7,189,050 B2 3/2007 Taylor et al. 7,347,660 B2 3/2008 Taylor et al.

2002/0192069 A1 12/2002 Newman 2003/0026684 A1 2/2003 Bohn 2009/0115190 A1* 5/2009 Devine ...................... .. 290/44

2009/0200249 A1* 8/2009 Zimhoni ................... .. 210/808

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

WWW.aValence.com, Avalence LLC, Milford, Ct, 2007. Hogen Hydrogen Generators for Industrial Applications ?ier, Distributed Energy Systems, Wallingford, CT. wwwdistributed-energy.com, Distributed Energy Systems, Wallingford, CT. WWW.mahler-ags.com, MahlerAdVanced Gas Systems, Stut tgart, Germany.

* cited by examiner

US. Patent Jul. 20, 2010 Sheet 1 0153 US 7,759,812 B2

J”\I32 DIRECTION

STATOR

PRIMARY 83-0 106

WIND FLOW ROTOR DIRECTION STATOR I08

1 16 I04 GAP 128

64.0 GAP \‘ 126 33.0

/ 112 ROTOR BLADE 1 I4 SHAFT

TRAILING FACE I22 P110 ROTOR BLADE

GAP I20 LEADING FACE

124V 130 DIRECTION

SURFACE 45.0 118

102 AIRFOIL STATOR

I00 CROSS-FLOW WIND TURBINE

FIG. 1A

US. Patent Jul. 20, 2010 Sheet 2 0f 53 US 7,759,812 B2

mp .UE “on .m EUEI 26% DE Ema w: “:6 a: __2 5 “20 DE 51: 5 “20 ba .2 @2 10:5 I525 8 E x: ~62: I525

=2 5: F2 5 125m E25

6 a X 6% .E X H a E92 5 82 22 mm


ROTOR 206

2 @TRALING FACE TI GAP 208 J 202 STA ONARY SHAFT

212 204 ROTOR

TRAILING FACE


FIG. 2


FIG. 3

U S. Patent Jul. 20, 2010 Sheet 5 0f 53 US 7,759,812 B2

5.... 0E

oQm mh?l omN mNN oQN mNT omél mN.T 00.7 mud omd mmd; cod mmd omd mNo 00.? mm; om; mm; 8N I


g 404 EFFICIENCY OF TRAILING FACE I22 OF ROTOR BLADE I10

1.25 0.4

1 - - 0.35

C 0.?5 — - 0.3 R“

E 0.5 — — 0.25 % Lu I" m I? 8 0.25 - _ 02 g

E 3 g 0 0.15 U» 2

£0.25 - - 0.1 g‘ 15

0.5 ~ - 0.05

075 0

1.5 ‘1.05 1.? 1.?5 3.8

TIME (SECONDS) 406

EFFICIENCY OF LEADING FACE I20 OF ROTOR BLADE IIO

FIG. 4B


100

CROSS-FLOW WIND TURBINE

U S. Patent Jul. 20, 2010 Sheet 8 0f 53 US 7,759,812 B2

36% moo


0.4

0.35

O 3 \ 0.25

INSTANTANEOUS EFFICIENCY é C) I‘») SINGLE PERIOD AVERAGE EFFICIENCY ‘ \

/ JFK \\ / MK}, I‘ 0 1;\// ‘I v 0.15 I‘ \ / I

-0.25 {I R} g 0.1 ‘fax 1 f?‘ I2

-0.5 a M” ‘U! K ,5 " i 0.05

0.15 0 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.55 1.?

TIME (SECONDS)

FIG.6B


FIG. 7

U S Patent Jul. 20, 2010 Sheet 11 0153 US 7,759,812 B2

WE


0.4

?zmUmnm ww<$>< scam: 502m 5 5

3. 2 2 1.

. -

. _ 4 1 . . V

- - _ _

n n u n n

u n n V U m n

u n __ U n w, u

_ _. a. _ n n 5 1 5 5 5 Q 5 5 5 2 ?. U 2 2 D Y.

1 0 u m _ n_

m 2

1.8

TIME (SECONDS)

FIG. 85

1.6


FIG. 9


04

0.35

CzmGEHm mu<mm>< QOEME 502m 5 5

0O 2 1 . 2 . .

U U U U

n

I | | | | I | I f l | x n I I r I . | I | r I | | | | | I > | | | I s . .

1.?

TIME (SECONDS)

FIG. 1 0B

16

my a my 71. U. 2 2.

U U .Hw CZWUEM 382552 PO 7..


FIG. 11


_ _ _ 5. 5 O 5 0 2. 2

n n

_ 5. 0

TIME (SECONDS)

FIG.12B

US007766600B1

(12) Umted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,766,600 B1 Vanderhye et a]. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 3, 2010

(54) SAVONIUS ROTOR WITH SPILLOVER 2,677,344 A 5/1954 Annis

(75) Inventors: Robert A. Vanderhye, 801 Ridge Dr., McLean, VA (US) 22101; Mike Augello, (Continued) Troy, NY (US); Terrance Nicol, Troy, NY (US); Chris Rees, Troy, NY (US); FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS James Shedd, lntervale, NH (US); William ZbytnieWski’ Troy’ NY (Us) CH 147730 A * 9/1931 ........... .. 416/197 A

(73) Assignee: Robert A. Vanderhye, McLean, VA (US) (Continued)

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Patent 15 extended or adJusted under 35 Khan, “Model and Prototype Performance Characteristics of U~S~C- 15403) by 1230 days Savonius Rotor Windmill”; Wind Engineering, vol. 2, No. 2, 1978,

pp. 75-85. (21) Appl. No.: 10/854,280

(Continued) (22) Filed: May 27, 2004 _ _ _

Primary ExammeriNinh H Nguyen

Related US. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT

(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/443,954, ?led on May 23, 2003.

(60) Provisional application No. 60/386,569, ?led on Jun. A Savomus Vemcal axls -W1nd turbme rotor has ?rst and 7 2002 second curved vanes having remote substantlally vert1cal

’ ' edges Widely spaced form each other, and proximate substan tially vertical edges more closely horizontally spaced from

(51) Int. Cl. . . . .

F0 3 D 3/00 (200601) eagh otherland horizolntally olverllaptping are 2158061211101? W11I111 Ia _ _ _ su stant1a y vertica centra s a constructlon. e s a t

(52) US‘ Cl‘ """""""""""" " ‘us/4Z1’ construction is operatively connected to the vanes and mounts _ _ _ ’ ' the vanes and adjacent the proximate edges. The central shaft

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search ........... .. 416/132 A, Construction may comprise a perforated Shaft (eg a Single 416/132 B’ 142’ 194’ 195’ 196 A’ 197 A’ perforated shaft), or multiple shafts. In any event, the shaft

416/93 R’ 198 R’ 198 A’ 200 R’ _200 A’ 210 R’ construction, and mounting of the rotor vanes, alloW, during 416010 A’ 211’ 240’ DIG‘ 6’ 415/42’ 4'4’ use, spillover ofWind from the proximate edge of one vane to

_ _ _ 415/907 another vane during poWered rotation of the vanes in response See apphcanon ?le for Complete Search hlstory' to Wind. The rotor is preferably omni-directional. The rotor

(56) References Cited may have a third set of vanes, and different vertically spaced


683,935 A * 10/1901 Hensel ..................... .. 415/4.4

1,602,853 A * 10/1926 Maher .................. .. 416/197A

1,697,574 A 1/1929 Savonius 1,766,765 A 6/1930 Savonius

sets of vanes circumferentially offset With respect to each other. The rotor may be in combination With a mount to provide a Wind turbine, and may be in combination With a driven device such as a generator, propeller, or pump.


[38 Generator, pump, etc.

US 7,766,600 B1 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS SE 65940 A * 12/1924 ........... .. 416/197A SE 111334 A * 1/1945 ........... .. 416/197A

4,086,023 A * 4/1978 Morgan ................ .. 416/132B

4,156,580 A 5/1979 Pohl OTHER PUBLICATIONS 4,359,311 A * 11/1982 Benesh ................. .. 416/197A . ‘ . . . ‘

4,650,403 A * 3/1987 Takacs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ u 4I6/I97A Evgggvenseerhtfr/hmf/travaus,EtudeNumeriqueVoilureAmelioree, 4,830,570 A 5/1989 Benesh ' “ . . . . . ,,

. Turner, Makingasimple Savonrus W1IlC1 turbine ;WWW.ata.org.au; 4,979,871 A 12/1990 Relner dm? d . art 15 5,494,407 A * 2/1996 Benesh ................. .. 416/197A ‘1 1 e Pr.“ ’PP'. ' '. . , “ . .

6 345 957 131* 2/2002 SZpur 416/197 A W-WWdenkins.net/riustin/Windturbine.htrn, Savonrus Wind Tur ’ ’ bine”; admitted prior art , pp. 1-2.

KoZloWski; “Savonius Rotor Construction . . . ”; Sep. 1977; VITA, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Inc., pp. 1-5, 7-8,16,18,40,44,46-47,49-53.

, ‘t - w,

821930 A * 11/1951 ........... .. 416/197A E2311‘; Nhgogegilh?liilslav‘l’gguj supelrgom' ’M°ther Earth News’ 2225988 A * 12/1973 ........... .. 416/197A ' ' g‘ ’pp' '

1021619 A * 2/1953 ........... .. 416/197A * cited by examiner

US. Patent Aug. 3, 2010 Sheet 1 0f4 US 7,766,600 B1

FIGURE 1


FIGURE 3

FIGURE 2

FIGURE 4


Generator, pump. etc.

via .

_

FIGURE 6

.

O ‘ 3

9 2

g 2

Generator, pump. etc.

, . (4. ‘.1111. (.IPI FIGURE 7


FIGURE 8 /\

US007811060B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,811,060 B2 Vanderhye (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 12, 2010

(54) VAWT CLUSTER AND INDIVIDUAL 4,830,570 A * 5/1989 Benesh ..................... .. 415/4.4

SUPPORTING ARRANGEMENTS

(76) Inventor: Robert A. Vanderhye, 801 Ridge Dr., _ McLean, VA (US) 22101-1625 (Commued)

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 SE 521083 9/2003 U.S.C. 154(b) by 839 days.

(21) App1.N0.: 11/701,480 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(22) Filed: Feb. 2, 2007 _ Johnson, Gary L.; Wind Energy Systems; Chapter 1, Sec. 5, Innova

(65) Prior Publication Data tive Wind Turbines; Nov. 20, 2001; pp. 1-16 thru l-l8.

Us 2007/0212225 A1 Sep. 13, 2007 Primary ExamineriEdward Look Assistant ExamineriRyan H Ellis

Related US. Application Data 57 ABSTRACT

(60) Provisional application No. 60/781,342, ?led on Mar. ( ) 13, 2006, provisional application No. 60/796,542, ?led on May 2’ 2006' One or more vertical axis Wind turbines (VAWT), preferably

of the Savonius type, are mounted in a relatively simple and (51) 9/26 (2006 01) inexpensive manner. For a single VAWT a center pole may be

' disposed Within a holloW shaft of the VAWT With at least (52) US. Cl. ...... .... ...... 416/120; 415/907; 416/D1G. 6 upper and lower bearings acting between the Sha? and Center (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 52/146; pO1e_ Alternatively’ a Short tower or platfonn may mount a

_60/_398; 4l5/2-li4-5s 905*908; _416/DIG- 6 loWer bearing (e. g. about 4-14 feet off the ground) for the See aPPhCallOn ?le for Complete Search hlstory- VAWT shaft, and an upper bearing for the shaft may be

(56) References Cited mounted by an outrigger. The outrigger is connected at a


1,008,148 A * 11/1911 Hibbs ........................ .. 415/18

1,471,870 A 10/1923 Tust 2,252,523 A 8/1941 Plotkin ..................... .. 415/4.4

4,095,422 A * 6/1978 Kurakake .................. .. 60/398

4,156,580 A 5/1979 Pohl 4,165,468 A * 8/1979 Fry et a1. .................... .. 290/55

4,184,084 A * 1/1980 Crehore ..................... .. 290/55

4,359,311 A 11/1982 Benesh 4,496,847 A 1/1985 Parkins 4,500,259 A 2/1985 Schumacher 4,764,683 A * 8/1988 Coombes ................... .. 290/55

number of different points (e. g. different arms) by strands (such as steel cables) to stationary supports. Where multiple VAWTs are provided, them may be in a cluster. Each VAWT in the cluster has a structural support in common With at least one otherVAWT of the cluster, and each VAWT is operatively connected to a separate useful driven mechanism (such as an electricity or fuel gas generator). EachVAWT typically has an outrigger mounting an upper bearing, With strands, rods, or bars, connecting outriggers of adj acent VAWTs together. Dif ferent VAWTs in the cluster preferably rotate in different directions.


US 7,811,060 B2 Page2

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2004/0056486 A1 3/2004 Wobben _ 2005/0230980 A1 10/2005 Brunet

4,979,871 A 12/1990 Relner 2005/0263057 A1 12/2005 Green 6,602,045 B2 8/2003 Hickey 7,071,579 B2 7/2006 Erdman et a1. * cited by examiner

US. Patent 0a. 12, 2010 Sheet 1 of6 US 7,811,060 B2

214

50

FIG. 1

217

011 211 114

212 12 112

15

15 16 110 12

13 =

r /$

111

10

13 l /1 35w 11

212 \

14

1M 13\l

FIG. 2

Sheet 6 0f 6 US. Patent US 7,811,060 B2 Oct. 12, 2010

2 5 / ,////////,////// / //K////////// - /////////////

///////////// - 11 %@ w [5

US007816802B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,816,802 B2 Green (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 19, 2010

(54) ELECTRICITY GENERATINGASSEMBLY 2,240,290 A * 4/1941 Du Brie ..................... .. 415/4.2

3,662,610 A * 5/1972 ThOeIl ...................... .. 74/102

(76) Inventor: WilliamMGreen, PO BOX 278, 3,793,530 A 2/1974 Carter ....................... .. 290/55 ROberSOnV111e,NC (U$)27871 4,012,163 A 3/1977 Baumgartner et a1. 415/2083

4,088,419 A * 5/1978 H 111. 415/44 ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis 4 115 027 A * 9/1978 T5521; 41563 1

l’latselg llssixgeltdegoo7rdadlusted under 35 4,134,710 A * 1/1979 Atherton ................... .. 416/117 ' ' ' U y ays' 4,156,580 A * 5/1979 P6111 ......................... .. 415/42

’ 4,464,579 A 8/1984 Schwarz . . 290/44

(22) Filed; ()ct_4,2007 4,486,143 A * 12/1984 McVey .... .. 415/164 4,551,631 A 11/1985 Trigilio ..................... .. 290/55

(65) Prior Publication Data 4,606,697 A * 8/1986 Appel ...................... .. 415/4.4

Us 2008/0169652A1 Jul 17 2008 4,725,194 A 2/1988 Bartsch .................... .. 415/42 ' ’ 4,834,610 A * 5/1989 Bond, 111 ................. .. 415/533

Related U_s_Application Data 4,864,152 A * 9/1989 Pedersen . 290/53 5,038,049 A 8/1991 Kt ......................... .. 290/55

(60) Provisional application No. 60/849,842, ?led on Oct. 5 126 584 A @1992 0331a 290/55 6, 2006, provisional application No. 60/915,591, ?led ’ ’ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "

on May 2, 2007.

(51) Int. Cl. (Continued) F03D 9/00 (2006.01) _ _

H02P 9/04 (2006.01) Zrl/WW i’fam"?er*TPCdFatJe1C 52 us. Cl. .......................... .. 290/55- 290/44- 415/4.2- “mam mmmerf e O uevas

( ) ’ 31’ 0 /1 5 4 01’ (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiRoylance, Abrams, Berdo &

(58) Field ofClassi?cation Search ................. .. 290/44, GOOdmaH’L'L'P'

290/55' 415/4.2' 310/154.01 ’ ’ 57 ABSTRACT

See application ?le for complete search history. ( )


U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS A electricity generating assembly includes a plurality of rotatable fan blades. A generator is connected to the plurality of fan blades to convert rotation of the fan blades into elec tricity. A plurality of shutters surround the plurality of fan blades. The plurality of shutters are movable between a ?rst position in Which said plurality of shutters are open to alloW access to the plurality of fan blades and a second position in Which the plurality of shutters are closed to prevent access to the plurality of fan blades. A motor is connected to the plu rality of shutters to move the plurality of shutters between the ?rst and second positions.


94,641 A * 9/1869 Piher ......................... .. 415/45

103,742 A 5/1870 Heald 415/33 169,051 A 10/1875 Short . 4l5/4.2 177,597 A 5/1876 Ward ..... .. 4l5/4.2

222,256 A * 12/1879 DeWees .................... .. 415/155

232,558 A * 9/1880 Smith ....................... .. 4l5/4.2

250,806 A 12/1881 Hamel . . . . . . . . .. 4l5/4.2

273,642 A * 3/1883 Toombs 4l5/4.2 485,933 A * ll/l892 Herman . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/119

1,382,591 A * 6/1921 Ackermann .. 4l5/4.2

1,396,172 A * ll/l92l Fear .......... .. 429/64

1,966,352 A 7/1934 Mahony .................... .. 416/75

30

2 s\ I

41

4

2s

7

|\ a

( 52 2a 61 5

e1 8 55

_/-25 16 6

1.1 I 13

as

15 53

7:1 65

"\,a0

US 7,816,802 B2 Page2

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,242,108 B1* 7/2007 Dablo ....................... .. 7,307,356 B2* 12/2007 Fraenkel ..

5,463,257 A * 10/1995 Yea ........................... .. 290/55 7,323,791 132* V2008 Jonsson _____________________ u 290/55

5,495,128 A 2/1996 290/55 7,329,965 B2* 2/2008 Robeltsetal. .............. .. 290/55 5,798,633 A * 8/1998 323/207 7,425,776 B2* 9/2008 Ketcham .. 6,106,968 A 8/2000 429/50 7,566,983 Bl* 7/2009 Lyatkher .................... .. 290/54 6,158,953 A 12/2000 415/4'4 7,611,325 B2* 11/2009 Caldwell 6,242,818 B1 6/2001 Smedley ......... .. 290/44 7,633,177 132* 12/2009 Flatt __

6,325,687 Bl* 12/2001 Ungerbuehler er al- 440/82 7,682,127 B2* 3/2010 Paul ......................... .. 415/42 6,398,395 B1 6/2002 Hyun ------------- -- ~362/500 7,713,020 B2* 5/2010 Davidson etal. ............. .. 415/1

6,460,450 B1 10/2002 - 92/71 7,726,934 B2* 6/2010 Cowan . 415/4.2 6,638,005 B2 10/2003 415/4'2 2003/0156938 A1 8/2003 Verini 415/4.2 6,652,221131’“ 11/2003 ‘115/31 2003/0201645 Al* 10/2003 Pacheco 290/54 6,734,576 B2* 5/2004 290/55 2004/0226601 Al* 11/2004 Banister .. . 136/252 6,820,824 B1 11/2004 Joseph -------- -- 239/346 2005/0236841 Al* 10/2005 Henriksen .................. .. 290/54

6,841,894 B2* V2005 290/55 2005/0242590 Al* 11/2005 Zambrano etal. ........... .. 290/44 6,857,846 B2 2/2005 Miller ------------ -- 415/4'2 2006/0125242 Al* 6/2006 Fraenkel ...... .. .. 290/54

6,946,751 B2 9/2005 290/44 2006/0170222 Al* 8/2006 Zambrano etal. .. 290/55 6,966,754 B2 11/2005 -- 416/61 2006/0232075 Al* 10/2006 Fraenkel .. 290/54 7,063,579 B2 6/2006 Voves .......... .. . 440/3 2006/0244267 A1* 11/2006 Fraenkel __ 290/54

7,084,520 B2* 8/2006 Zambrano etal 290/44 2010/0135768 Al* 6/2010 Pitre 415/7 7,105,942 B2* 9/2006 Henriksen .... .. 290/55

7,215,039 B2* 5/2007 Zambrano et a1. ........... .. 290/55 * cited by examiner

US. Patent 0a. 19, 2010 Sheet 1 0f 26 US 7,816,802 B2

FIG. 1


15

17

18 FIG. 2

US. Patent Oct. 19, 2010 Sheet 3 0f 26

FIG. 3

US 7,816,802 B2

28

55

13

36


18 2

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FIG. 4


FIG. 7A Q

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FIG. 13

FIG. 14

Sheet 13 0f 26 US. Patent US 7,816,802 B2

55

Oct. 19, 2010

151x

L0

307% 305

159

FIG. 15

FIG. 16

US. Patent 0a. 19, 2010 Sheet 14 0f 26

f 403 O’,

US 7,816,802 B2

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409 _f

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407 ___,J

FIG. 17


55——\

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FIG. 18

US. Patent 061. 19, 2010 Sheet 16 6f 26 US 7,816,802 B2

FIG. 19


503 4/

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605

FIG. 21


US007866938B2

(10) Patent N0.: US 7,866,938 B2 Kariya (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 11, 2011

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WINDMILL WITH 4,047,834 A 9/1977 Magoveny et a1. GUIDING DEVICES 4,269,563 A 5/1981 Sharak et a1.

(75) Inventor: Vinod Kumar Chamanlal Kariya, Gujarat (IN)

(Continued) (73) Assignee: Anandbhai Chunilal Vora, Gujarat (IN)


( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this / patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FR 2432102 ‘A1 2 1980

U.S.C. l54(b) by 672 days.

21 A 1. No.: 11/813 966 ( ) pp ’ (Continued)

(22) PCT Frled: Feb. 27, 2006 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(86) PCT NO‘ PCT/IN2006/000064 International Search Report for PCT/IN2006/000064.

§ 371 (OX1), Primary ExamineriNinh H Nguyen (2)’ (4) Date: Jul‘ 13’ 2007 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4Caesar, Rivise, Bernstein,

(87) PCT Pub. N0.: W02007/010551 Cohen & Pokonlow’ Ltd‘

PCT Pub. Date: Jan. 25, 2007 (57) ABSTRACT

(65) Prior Publication Data _ _ _ _ _ _

The mstant mvent1on deals W1th the solut1on to technical Us Zoos/0131281 A1 Jun‘ 5’ 2008 ?aWs of existing vertical axis Windmills in Which the Wind

_ _ _ _ _ strikes simultaneously on inward and outward facing sides of (30) Forelgn Apphcatlon Prmnty Data rotor blades Which reduce e?iciency. Hence, this invention, Mar. 22, 2005 (IN) ................................. .. 326/2005 i.e., the vertical axis Windmill With Wind guiding device,

includes vertical plates Which are ?xed from the bottom of a (51) Int‘ Cl‘ base structure to the top of a rotor in an annular array. In

F 033 3/04 (200601) betWeen any tWo vertical plates, inclined plates are ?xed from U-S. Cl. ...................... .. the bottom Of the base Structure to the top Of the base Struc_

_ _ _ 416/197 A; 416/243; 416/244 R ture. These plates are tilted toWards the concave side of the (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 4l5/4.4, rotor blades_ The Vertical and inclined plates are ?xed in

415/183’ 224’ 907; 416/197 A’ 243’ 244 R; angular and radial directions so that Whenever the Wind bloWs _ _ _ 290/44’ 55 from any direction, it gets compressed and then is diverted

See apphcanon ?le for Complete Search hlstory' toWards the Wind receiving blades. Also the vertical plates (56) References Cited protect the convex side of the rotor blades from Wind While

diverting the Wind toWards the Wind receiving blades. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

1,595,578 A 8/1926 Sovereign 3 Claims, 10 Drawing Sheets

k )5 2

W 1i‘ 17/‘ .7_8

n-— 6

-—- 3

Pers e tive Vie f Windmill with Wind Guidinq Device

US 7,866,938 B2 Page2

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

4,508,973 A * 4/1985 Payne .... .. . . 290/55 FR 2505939 A1 11/1982

5,380,149 A * 1/1995 Valsamidis ................ .. 415/2.1 JP 55142978 A 11/1980

6,191,496 B1 2/2001 Elder 6,841,894 B2 * 1/2005 Gomez Gomar ........... .. 290/55

7,094,017 B2 * 8/2006 Kurita ...................... .. 415/42 * cited by examiner

US. Patent Jan. 11,2011 Sheet 1 0110 US 7,866,938 B2

iew of Windmill Figure 1 Bird's Eye V with Wind Guidin Device

US. Patent Jan. 11,2011 Sheet 2 0f 10 US 7,866,938 B2

k.)

——— 7-8

fjgure - 2_ Perspective View of Winimill with Wind Guidinq Device


Fiqure — 4 Wire Mesh DrawincLof Base Structure


Figure - 5 Front View of Inclined Plate


Figure - 6 Front View of Vertical Plate


1"” ‘ 11 mmmu v 8

7a

Fiqure - 7 Rotor Assemblv


78. 7b

Figure..-.__8 MW


12

14

Figure - 9 Gear Box & Generator Set

US007946802B1

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,946,802 B1 Iskrenovic (45) Date of Patent: May 24, 2011

(54) WIND TURBINE UTILIZING WIND (56) References Cited DIRECTING SLATS


(75) Inventor: Zoran Iskrenovic, Nis (RS) 772,786 A 10/1904 Clifford 4,015,911 A * 4/1977 Darvishian ................. .. 416/119

(73) Assignee: Seven International Group, Inc., Los 2 gilt h a 5 SC

Angeles’ CA (Us) 4,935,639 A 6/1990 Yeh 6,962,478 B2 11/2005 Tsipov

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 7,591,635 B2 9/2009 Ryu et a1. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2009/0066088 A1 3/2009 LiaI_1g _ USC' 1546)) by 0 days' 2009/0315332 A1 12/2009 ShelkhreZal

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 12/910,580 JP 56113068 A * 9/198l

* . .

(22) Filed: Oct. 22, 2010 “ted by exammer

_ _ Primary Examiner * Richard Edgar

Related U's' Apphcatlon Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Fish & Associates, PC

(60) Il’goéigilznal application No. 61/323,500, ?led on Apr. (57) ABSTRACT

Various embodiments of a Wind turbine are disclosed having (51) Int_ C]_ a plurality of pivotable slats disposed about a rotor coupled to

F03D 3/04 (200601) one or more blades. Each of the plurality of slats can be _ _ pivoted such that the open slats on a Windward side redirect

(52) US. Cl. ...... .... ...... ... ....... .. 415/4.2, 415/909, 416/119 the Wind to Cause rotation Ofthe rotor and the Closed slats on (58) Field of Classl?catlon Search ................ .. 415/909, a leeward Side retain at least a Substantial portion of the Wind

415/2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.3, 4.5, 905, 906, 907; 416/DIG.9,142,143,119,17,55,132 B


Within the interior.


LEEWARD

902A

962

WINDWARD

US. Patent May 24, 2011 Sheet 1 017 US 7,946,802 B1

FIG. 1

AIR AIR /\’

wsww 133 [104 106< % > (I: WIND

r > 124

116 MM 134

136

SUNLIGHT 126

10“ m” 132 SUNLIGHT

1124 moij- \X/J‘PI /// \ \ AIRJ —>, ‘gm? I

j 120 122/ —>3X400V 114

US. Patent

206i

FIG. 2

May 24, 2011

200

Sheet 2 0f 7 US 7,946,802 B1

US. Patent May 24, 2011 Sheet 3 of7 US 7,946,802 B1

406

40s /450

508

FIG. 5D


FIG. 5E 504

505 \ J\ L EWARD 505A 502 , 506

- 1 \. \_ \. -

WINDWARD

@607 m 11111111111

a 606 N 60)9 f I

_/L/ \\_.604 12 6 618 614 619 616

FIG. 6B

608


FIG. 8C LEEWARD

HWWW


FIG. 9A LEEWARD

LEEWARD WINDWARD

960

US007948110B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,948,110 B2 Morgan et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 24, 2011

(54) WIND-DRIVEN ELECTRICITY 5,261,801 A * 11/1993 Stone ............................ .. 418/69

GENERATION DEVICE WITH SAVONIUS 5,405,246 A 4/1995 Goldberg 416/227 A ROTOR 5,463,257 A * 10/1995 Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

5,494,407 A 2/1996 Benesh 416/197 A _ 5,760,515 A * 6/1998 Burns 310/115

(76) Inventorsi Ken Morgan, San Dlegof CA (US); 6,172,429 B1 * 1/2001 Russell ......................... .. 290/54 Micheal Slattery, San Diego, CA (US) (Continued)

( * ) Notice: Subject' to any disclaimer,~ the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(1)) by 820 days. EP 0993551 ‘"2000

(Continued) (21) App1.N0.: 11/705,844

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(22) Flled: Feb‘ 13’ 2007 Wind Tunnel Tests on a Different Phase Three-Stage Savonius Rotor

(65) Prior Publication Data Hayashi, et.al., JSME Int’l. 1., Series B: 48 (1), 9-16 (2005).

Us 2008/0191487 A1 Aug. 14, 2008 (Continued)

(51) Int Cl Primary Examiner * T. C. Patel ASSl'SZLlI’lZ Examiner i Pedro J Cuevas

74 Allorn , A enl, or Firm T Thibault Patent Grou ; H02P 9/04 (2006.01) 9’ g P (52) us. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44 Thomas Thlbauh

(58) Field of Classl?catlon Search .................. .. 2299(14/5454, (57) ABSTRACT

See application ?1e for comp1ete Search history A vertical Wind-driven electricity generation device is described, Which utilizes a unique segmented Savonius rotor

(56) References Cited and Which is easily handled, transported, assembled and


1,100,332 A * 6/1914 Smith ......................... .. 416/175

1,697,574 A * 1/1929 Savonius . ..

1,835,018 A * 12/1931 Darrieus .. 2,020,900 A * 11/1935 Methvin .. 3,208,722 A * 9/1965 Rodriquez et al. 415/1221 3,672,017 A * 6/1972 Nielsen et al. ............. .. 407/49 3,918,839 A * 11/1975 Blackwell et a1. .. 416/175 3,967,507 A * 7/1976 Emms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74/6

4,039,849 A * 8/1977 Mater et al. ........ .. 290/55 4,236,866 A * 12/1980 Zapata Martinez .. 415/4.4 4,293,274 A * 10/1981 Gilman .............. .. 416/51

4,606,697 A 8/1986 Appel 415/4.4 D300,932 S * 5/1989 Sikes D15/1 4,915,580 A 4/1990 Obidniak .. 415/21

maintained, even by a single person. The blades of the rotor are segmented into a plurality of modest size blade pair seg ments, each of Which comprises tWo (or optionally, three or four) loW height, helically curved blade portions. The blade pair segments are preferably of the same height and diameter. The rotor is mounted on a central vertical shaft connected to a generator. When the plurality of blade portions are installed on the device’s central shaft, the overall blade con?guration functions as an unitary Savonius rotor. FloW of gas (normally air in the form of Wind) causes the segmented Savonius rotor to move, turning the shaft and rotating member of the gen erator to rotate, causing the generator to generate electricity.


US 7,948,110 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2009/0295293 A1* 12/2009 Lawton etal. ................ .. 315/76 2010/0270808 Al* 10/2010 Bates etal. .. .... .. 290/55

2,5213%; 5% Z588; gor?retal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ql‘gfg/lfi 2010/0278653 Al* 11/2010 SassoW ...... .. 416/223R 6,428,275 B1 8/2002 lgkkoiéw “6/176 2010/0284809 Al* 11/2010 Houlsbyetal. ............. .. 416/178 6,465,899 B2 100002 Roberts " ' 290/44 2010/0320771 Al* 12/2010 Urcn ............................. .. 290/55 6,476,513 B1 110002 Gueor igv 290/55 2010/0322770 Al* 12/2010 Shelnman 416/176 6,808,366 B2 100004 sikesgu 416/1 2011/0006542 Al* 1/2011 Burrell, IV ................... .. 290/55

6,870,280 B2 3/2005 Pechler 290/55 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,935,841 B2 8/2005 Rainbow .. . 416/175 7,008,171 B1 3/2006 Whitworth .. .. 415/4.2 JP 2006648810 12/2006 7,040,859 B2 5/2006 Kane ......... .. .. 415/4.2 W0 W0 9904164 1/1999

7,044,711 B2 5/2006 Duncan, Jr. 416/198R W0 WO 02/46619 6/2002 7,132,760 B2 11/2006 Becker 290/55 W0 WO 2004/011798 2/2004 7,156,609 B2 1/2007 Palley .......................... .. 415/4.2 W0 WO 2006/063380 6/2006 7,287,954 B2 10/2007 Kinkaid etal. .............. .. 415/4.2 W0 WO2006/119648 11/2006 7,314,346 B2 1/2008 Vanderhye etal. .. 415/4.2 W0 WO 2007/048001 4/2007 7,344,353 B2* 3/2008 Naskalietal. .. 415/4.2 7,362,004 B2* 4/2008 Becker 290/55 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

2003/0227174 A1 12/2003 Bayly .. 290/55 2004/0061337 A1 4/2004 Becker 290/44 Design, Development and Testing of Savonius Wind Turbine 2006/0198724 A1 * 9/2006 Bertony .... .. .. 415/44 Grinspan, et.al., PROC. of28’h Nat’l. Conf. on Fluid Mechanics and

gasllialaet 31' ~ FluidPoWer, pp. 428-431(Chandigarh, India: 200l)including source In 31 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , . . .

2007/0018464 A1 1/2007 Becker .......................... .. 290/55 ldenn?canon; _ _ _ 2007/0029807 A1 * 2/2007 Kass “““““ “ 290/55 PCT Internatlonal Search Report mailed Jul. 1, 2008, Appl1cat1on 2007/0077145 A1 4/2007 Kinkaid etal 416/197A $er1a1N<>~PCTMSZOO8/00l983(31311898) 2008/0l9l487 Al* 8/2008 Morgan et al. . 290/55 PCTWritten Opinion ofthe International SearchingAuthoritymaild 2008/0246284 Al* l0/2008 Pelman et a1. . 290/55 Jul. 1,2008,Application Serial No.PCT/US2008/00l983 (7 pages). 2008/0273974 Al* 11/2008 Becker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/7

2009/0189395 Al* 7/2009 Ryynanen etal. ............ .. 290/53 * cited by examiner


FIGURE 1

US. Patent May 24, 2011 Sheet 2 on US 7,948,110 B2

W FIGURE 2


8 4 6., 4 /

58

FIGURE 4 FIGURE 3

FIGURE 5

US 7,948,110 B2 US. Patent May 24, 2011 Sheet 4 0f 6

6 u U G H

FIGURE 7


FIGURE 8


I) K~58 FIGURE 9

USOO7948111B2

(12) Unlted States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,948,111 B2 Nigam et a1. (45) Date of Patent: May 24, 2011

(54) VERTICALAXIS WIND SYSTEM 2,959,384 A * 11/1960 Pavlecka ..................... .. 244/124 3,002,567 A * 10/1961 Stulen etal. ..... .. 416/226

. -- - Ann . 3,918,839 A 11/1975 Blackwell etal. . 416/175

(75) Inventors 3111111: K“ 211%“; El sArbTir’lgin?’ld 3,999,888 A * 12/1976 Zincone ....... .. 416/145 _° “me - - ' aye ’ 00m 6 4,037,989 A 7/1977 Huther ...... .. 416/197A

H1115,M1(U$) 4,082,479 A * 4/1978 Rangi et a1. . 416/23 4,112,311 A 9/1978 Theyse . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/44

(73) Assignee: Analytical Design Service 4,150,920 A * 4/1979 Belko et 81~ ~ 416/145 Corporation AnnArbor MI (US) 4,281,965 A 8/1981 Stjernholm 416/227A

’ ’ 4,285,636 A 8/1981 Kato etal. 416/197A . . . . . 4,291,233 A 9/1981 Kirschbaum .. ..... .. 290/1c

( * ) Notlce: Subject to any d1scla1mer, the term ofth1s 4,324,528 A 4/1982 Svenning """ n 416/132 B patent 1s extended or adjusted under 35 4,329,116 A * 5/1982 Ljungstrom .................. .. 416/19 U.S.C. 154(b) by 9 days.

(21) App1.No.: 12/324,235

(22) Filed: Nov. 26, 2008 (Under 37 CFR 1.47)


US 2010/0007144 A1 Jan. 14, 2010

(51) Int. Cl. F 03D 9/00 H02P 9/04 B64C 27/48 F 03B 3/12 F03D 11/00 (2006.01) F 04D 29/34 (2006.01)

(52) US. Cl. ..... .. 290/55; 248/125.7; 248/131; 248/690; 248/692; 416/204 R

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search ............. .. 248/125.7,

248/131, 690, 692; 419/204 R; 290/55; 416/204 R


(2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01)



1,427,736 A * 8/1922 Hendricks .................. .. 24/698.1

2,177,801 A 10/1939 Erren ..... .. 290/55 2,473,134 A * 6/1949 Bonnett ...................... .. 416/226

(Continued)


DE 40 O7 017 A1 5/1992

(Continued)

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

International Search Report and Written OpinioniPCT/US07/ 69956imailed on Jul. 28, 2008.

Primary Examiner * Pedro J Cuevas

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm *Brinks Hofer Gilson & Lione

(57) ABSTRACT

A vertical axis wind system for use in electrical power gen eration. The system includes a stationary base including a generator and has an elongate shaft rotatably coupled the base. The elongate shaft extends vertically from a lower end to an upper end along a vertical central axis and engages the generator. At least two arcuate blade assemblies are attached between the lower end and the upper end of the elongate shaft such that aerodynamic forces acting on the at least two arcu ate blade assemblies rotate the elongate shaft for the genera tion of power.


US 7,948,111 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,023,105 A * 2/2000 Youssef ........................ .. 290/54

4339 230 A * 7/1982 Hm 416026 6,024,325 A : 2/2000 Ca_rter, Jr. . 244/17.25

4,449,053 A 5/1984 Kutcher 290/44 i ,, $51 """ " 4,461,957 A 7/1984 Jallen ..... .. 290/44 ’ ’ ,, ang """"""""""" "

4464 579 A * 8/1984 Schwarz n 290/44 6,261,064 131* 7/2001 Tang ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 416/210R

4,500,257 A * 2/1985 Sullivan .... .. 416/32 23%;}; 51,, ggggg EUCheretal' jiggigg 4,513,206 A 4/1985 Gervasio eta. . 290/4c 6’390’777 131* 5/2002 K11;ij "" " ' 416/204R 4,525,124 A 6/1985 Watson etal. . 416/132B 614311834 B1,, 8/2002 Laclée 't'él 416/205

/1986 Baskinetal. .... .. 290/44 ’ ’ - Ye 312%??? 2 * 51986 Wood 416/170R 6,891,280 B2 5/2005 Slegfnedsen .. 290/44 416131763 A 9/1986 Swansé'r'lw 290/44 6,979,170 B2* 12/2005 Deryetal. .... .. 415/42

1 1 7,344,353 B2* 3/2008 Naskali et a1. 415/4.2 417641090 A 8;”88 Danng 4}“ 7,739,775 B2* 6/2010 Shimanski ................ .. 24/265H 21i§g§1ggg 2 * @1332 231805;; 1 ~ jig/£2 2004/0120820 A1* 6/2004 Dery et a1 .............. .. 416/197A

’ ’ """"""" " 2006/0066111 A1* 3/2006 Suryanarayanan et a1. 290/44

2 3133; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 42195622 2006/0257240 A1* 11/2006 Naskali et a1. ....... .. 415/44 5171127 A 11 12/1992 Feldman etal'.” :H4l6/ll9 2007/0029807 A1: 2/2007 Kass """"" " 290/55 511831386 A * 2/1993 Feldmanetal‘ ‘416/119 2008/0036215 A1 2/2008 Glzawetal. . 290/55 512031672 A * 4993 Wolf 415/21 2009/0072439 A1* 3/2009 Karem 264/258 512521029 A * 10/1993 Barneé ~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~416/l42 2009/0072544 A1* 3/2009 Pao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

1 1 111111 1' 1 2009/0191063 A1* 7/2009 Baker etal. .. 416/227R

512561034 A 10/1993 Sulthaugh 1 416/91 2009/0196758 A1* 8/2009 Baker etal 416/233

5,375,324 A 11 12/1994 Wallace et a1. 29/88921 ' " 5,499,904 A 3/1996 Wallace et a1. ............. .. 416/230 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

5,531,567 A * 7/1996 Hulls ............................ .. 416/87 5,616,963 A 4/1997 Kikuchi 290/55 DE 19741495 A1 3/1999 5,663,600 A 9/1997 Baek et a1. 290/55 DE 198 59 865 A1 51/2000 5,980,353 A 11 11/1999 Wu ......................... .. 416/210R JP 2001020849 V2001

5,982,046 A 11/1999 Minh ............................ .. 290/55 WO 96/30647 10/1996

6,015,258 A 1/2000 Taylor .......................... .. 415/4.4 * cited by examiner

US. Patent

400 \

May 24, 2011 Sheet 1 0f 12 US 7,948,111 B2

300 2—— / 50

404b 4041) f

112

10411 i

110 /400

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104\ 112

'i I

104a 110 I

K 112 404a

404a F! \300

_ \200

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500\ !!ii 1:1 102 ||

US. Patent May 24, 2011 Sheet 2 0f 12 US 7,948,111 B2

101 //’/ffd

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US008007235B1

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,007,235 B1 Lyatkher (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 30, 2011

(54) ORTHOGONAL POWER UNIT 2009/0016887 A1* 1/2009 Vettese et a1. ........... .. 416/198 R 2009/0140528 A1* 6/2009 Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

. - ~ ' 2009/0180878 A1* 7/2009 Alunni ...... .. 416/132 B

>i< Neier et al‘ ‘N’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ “ (U ) 2010/0104441 A1* 4/2010 Manley et a1. . 416/200 R

_ _ _ _ _ 2010/0213720 A1* 8/2010 Bailey et a1. 290/55

( * ) Not1ce: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofth1s 2010/0225118 A1* 9/2010 Micu 290/55 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2010/0230972 Al* 9/2010 Haar .. 290/55 U_S_C_ 154(1)) by 0 days_ 2010/0233919 A1* 9/2010 Ersoy .... .. 440/8

2010/0253084 A1* 10/2010 Linet a1. ....................... .. 290/55

(21) APP1-NO-I 12/769597 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS W0 WO 2009010736 A2 * 1/2009

22 F1 d: A .28 2010 ( ) 16 Pl‘ 2 * cited by examiner

(51) 21031513712 (2006 01) Primary Examiner * EdWard Look (52) U 5 Cl 416/1: 416/198 R_ 416000 R_ Assistant Examiner * Aaron R Eastman

415/68; 415/908 (57) ABSTRACT (58) Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 415/66,

. Orthogonal poWer unit contains a turbine With a shaft and 415/684; lgg/ggg Iii l2g9soi’22a23’ 2431 5A5’ blades of hydrofoil pro?le ?xed around and along the shaft

See a lication ?le for Com lete Search histo and the poWer generator. The turbine has six layers, and each pp p ry' layer has one blade ?xed at the shaft. The blades of turbine

(56) References Cited layers are located uniformly in the peripheral direction around the turbine shaft forming three pairs of the adjacent

U_S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS blades. In each pair the blades are located at the opposite sides 2,224,851 A * 0/1940 Lea ttttttttttttttttttttt “ 416170 R relative to the shaft, the blades in the utmost pairs have the

““ “ 366/298 same length L and the blades in the middle pair have the ,, 399/254 bigger length LOIL 20'25 each. The traverse masses of the

290/55 middle and utmost blade pairs have the same ratio. The same 290/55 balancing effect achieved by having the uniform length of all

3,638,920 A * 2/1972 Davis ..... ..

5,835,827 A * 11/1998 Kishimoto 6,492,743 B1* 12/2002 Appa ............. .. 7,358,623 B2* 4/2008 Richards et a1. . 7,360,995 B2 * 4/2008 Suzuki ........... .. .. 416/211 - - - - o

2007/0297284 A1,. 120007 Neier et a1‘ ““ “ 366/299 blades'W1th the relatlve sh1ft ofbalanced pairs ofblades at 60 2007/0297906 A1 * 12/2007 Wu ““““““““ “ “ 416/198 R and W1th the umform traverses masses.

2008/0203731 A1* 8/2008 Dulcetti Filho .. 290/44 2008/0303288 A1* 12/2008 Hamann ....................... .. 290/55 12 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets

21b 5

Y Y 23 ‘

21c

27

US. Patent Aug. 30, 2011 Sheet 1 012 US 8,007,235 B1

21c

_ _ 27 2 Fig. l

Fig. 2

US. Patent Aug. 30, 2011 Sheet 2 of2 US 8,007,235 B1

33d

39 37 35

US008100650B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,100,650 B2 Siege] (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 24, 2012

(54) CYCLICAL WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER 4,048,947 A 9/1977 Sicard 4,137,005 A 1/1979 Comstock

. -. . 4,180,367 A 12/1979 Drees (75) Inventor. Séegfan Gunther Siege], Pueblo, CO 4,210,299 A 7/1980 Chabonat

( ) 4,221,538 A 9/1980 Wells _ 4,247,253 A 1/1981 Seki et a1.

(73) Ass1gnee: Atargis Energy Corporation, Colorado 4,264,279 A 4/ 1981 Dereng Springs, CO (US) 4,285,636 A 8/1981 Kato et al.

4,313,711 A 2/1982 Lee ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 4’329’l 16 A 5/1982 Ljungstrom

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (Continued) U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.


(21) APP1- NO-I 12/711,106 WO WO0040859 7/2000

(22) Filed: Feb. 23, 2010 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

_ _ _ Hermans, A]. et al., “A Device to Extract Energy FromWater Waves”

(65) Pnor Pubhcatlon Data Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands (1990) pp. US 2010/0150716 A1 Jun. 17,2010 1-5.

Related US. Application Data (Continued)

(63) Continuation of application No. 11/484,241, ?led on Primary Examiner i Edward Look Jul. 10, 2006, noW Pat. No. 7,686,583. Asa-SumZ Examiner i Dwayne J White

(51) Int Cl (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * David T. Millers

B64C 11/00 (2006.01) (52) US. Cl. .......... .. 416/53; 416/111; 415/3.1; 415/906 (57) ABSTRACT (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 415/31, Systems and methods use Cyclical Propellers With dynamic

415/4_1, 4Q, 43, 44, 7, 906, 907, 908; 416/111, blade angle control to extract poWer from Waves. A control 416/53 system for such implementations can adapt pitching sched

See application ?le for complete Search history, ules for the blades of the cyclical propellers for ef?cient energy extraction and/or to control reactive forces. The cycli

(56) References Cited cal propellers may be installed on the ?oor of a body of Water or other liquid, on a submarine, or on a surface ?oat, and

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS blades may extend vertically or horizontally depending on the 1,835,013 A 12/1931 Darrieus character of the Waves. Several cyclical propellers can be 3,258,074 A 6/ 1966 Blickle et a1. combined into a single unit operated to minimize net reactive 3,326,296 A 6/1967 H111 et a1~ force or torque, to propel the unit horizontally or vertically,

2 33:1; et a1 and/or to stabilize the unit. Such units can be installed With 339023072 A 55/1975 Quinn m1n1mal or no moorings. 3,995,972 A 12/1976 Nassar 4,024,409 A 5/1977 Payne 22 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets

200 \i 235

f 212 ———— — — m _ BLADE m

CONTROL SYSTEM

m _ ---- --+ m _

A 245 215 l — g — 220 f

SENSORS | | N & @

GENERATOR __ m I E __

u _ | | BLADEm

US 8,100,650 B2 Page 2


4,340,821 A 7/1982 Slonim 4,347,036 A 8/1982 Arnold 4,368,392 A 1/1983 Drees 4,380,417 A 4/1983 Fork 4,415,312 A 11/1983 Brenneman 4,422,845 A 12/1983 Yamaguchi 4,430,044 A 2/1984 Liljegre 4,443,708 A 4/ 1984 Lapeyre 4,449,053 A 5/1984 Kutcher 4,464,578 A 8/1984 Masubuchi 4,527,950 A 7/1985 Biscomb 4,533,292 A 8/1985 Sugihara 4,555,218 A 11/1985 Jonsson et al. 4,566,854 A 1/1986 SleZak 4,608,497 A 8/1986 Boyce 4,622,471 A 11/1986 Schroeder 4,630,440 A 12/1986 Meyerand 4,656,959 A 4/1987 Moisdon 4,672,222 A 6/1987 Ames 4,719,158 A 1/1988 Salomon 4,732,350 A 3/1988 Lamont 4,752,258 A 6/1988 Hochleitner et al. 4,808,074 A 2/1989 South 4,832,569 A 5/1989 Samuelsen et al. 4,914,915 A 4/1990 Linderfelt 4,931,662 A 6/1990 Burton 5,054,999 A 10/1991 Jonsson 5,136,173 A 8/1992 Rynne 5,256,034 A 10/1993 SultZbaugh 5,265,827 A 11/1993 Gerhardt 5,269,647 A 12/1993 Moser 5,311,064 A 5/1994 Kumbatovic 5,391,926 A 2/1995 Staley et al. 5,462,406 A 10/1995 Ridgewellet al. 5,499,904 A 3/1996 Wallace 5,577,882 A 11/1996 Istorik et al. 5,588,798 A 12/1996 Fork 5,642,984 A 7/1997 Gorlov 5,703,474 A 12/1997 Smalser 5,708,305 A 1/1998 Wolfe 5,789,826 A 8/1998 Kumbatovic 5,808,368 A 9/1998 Brown 5,929,531 A 7/1999 Lagno 5,993,157 A 11/1999 Perfahl 6,023,105 A 2/2000 Youssef 6,036,443 A 3/2000 Gorlov 6,109,875 A 8/2000 Gross 6,191,496 B1 2/2001 Elder 6,231,004 B1 5/2001 Peebles 6,244,919 B1 6/2001 Valentini 6,293,835 B2 9/2001 Gorlov 6,360,534 B1 3/2002 Denniss 6,388,342 B1 5/2002 Vetterick, Sr. et al. 6,394,745 B1 5/2002 Quraeshi 6,417,578 B1 7/2002 Chapman et al. 6,448,669 B1 9/2002 Elder 6,516,739 B2 2/2003 Bartels 6,622,483 B2 9/2003 Denniss 6,647,716 B2 11/2003 Boyd 6,711,897 B2 3/2004 Lee 6,731,019 B2 5/2004 Burns et al. 6,756,695 B2 6/2004 Hibbs et al. 6,768,216 B1 7/2004 Carroll et al. 6,768,217 B2 7/2004 Chalmers et al. 6,772,592 B2 8/2004 Gerber et al. 6,790,007 B2 9/2004 Gingras et al. 6,840,738 B1 1/2005 Swanberg 6,864,597 B1 3/2005 Ricker 6,872,045 B1 3/2005 Weaver et al. 6,884,020 B2 4/2005 Kaare, Jr. et al. 6,948,910 B2 9/2005 Polacsek

2002/0078687 A1 6/2002 Donnelly

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Isshiki, H. et al., “A Theory of Wave Devouring Propulsion” (1st report) Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan (1983) pp. 54-64.

Pinkster, J .A. et al., “A Rotating Wing for the Generation of Energy From Waves” 22nd IWWWFB, Plitvice, Croatia (2007) pp. 165-168. Terao, Y. et al., “Wave Devouring Propulsion SystemiFrom Con cept to Trans-Paci?c Voyage” Proceedings of the ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (2009) pp. 1-8. Van Kuik, G., “The Lanchester-BetZ-Joukowsky Limit” Wind Energy (2007) No. 10, pp. 289-291. Wu, T., “Extraction of Flow Energy by aWing Oscillating in Waves” Journal of Ship Research (Mar. 1972) pp. 66-78. Biwas, Sumitabh et al., “A New Analytical Model for the Aerody namic Performance Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines” Wind Engineering, vol. 19, No. 2 (1995) p. 107-119. Bose, Neil et al., “Experimental Performance of a Trochoidal Pro peller With High-Aspect-Ratio Blades” Marine Technology, vol. 26, No.3 (Jul. 1989) pp. 192-201. Brockett, Terry, “Hydrodynamic Analysis of Cycloidal Propulsors”, The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Presented at Propellers/Shafting ’91 Symposium, Virginia Beach, Virginia (Sep. 17-18, 1991) pp. 2-1 to 2-28. Brulle, Robert V., “Giromill Wind Tunnel Test & Analysis” Proceed ings of the Third Wind Energy Workshop, (Sep. 19-21, 1977) Wash ington, D.C., pp. 775-793. Chopra, M.G., “Large Amplitude Lunate-tail Theory of Fish Loco motion” J. Fluid Mech. (1976), vol. 74, part I, pp. 161-182. Chopra, M.G., “Hydromechanics of Lunate-tail Swimming Propul sion”, J. Fluid Mech. (1974) part 2, pp. 375-391. Drees, H.M., “The Cycloturbine and its Potential for Broad Applica tion”, Second International Symposium on Wind Energy Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands, (Oct. 3-6, 1978) pp. E7-81 to E7-88. Evans, F.C., “Practical Considerations in the Design of a Vertical Axis Windmill” Second International Symposium on Wind Energy Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands, (Oct. 3-6, 1978) pp. Z56-Z59. Fraenkel, P.L., “Power from Marine Currents”, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., vol. 216, Part A: J. Power and Energy (2002).pp. 1-14. Furukawa, Akinori et al., “An Approximate Method for Estimating the Blade Performance of Darrieus-Type Cross-Flow Water Tur bines” Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, vol. 52, No. 2 (Jun. 1992) pp. 131-144. Furukawa, Akinori et al., “Theoretical Considerations in an Approxi mate Method for Estimating the Blade Performance of a Darrieus Type Cross-Flow Water Turbine” Memoirs of the Faculty of Engi neering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, vol. 50, No. 1 (Mar. 1990) pp. 1-14. Greenblatt, David, “Management ofVortices Trailing Flapped Wings via Separation Control” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astro nautics, 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit (Jan. 10-13, 2005) Reno, Nevada, pp. 1-22. Greenblatt, David et al., “Effect of Leading-Edge Curvature and Slot Geometry on Dynamic Stall Control”, 1st AIAA Flow Control Con ference St. Louis, MO (Jun. 24-26, 2002) pp. 1-19. Grylls, W. et al., “A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation into the Variable Pitch Vertical Axis Wind Turbine” Second International Symposium on Wind Energy Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands (Oct. 3-6, 1978) pp. E-9-101 to E9-118. Healey, J .V., “A Simple Tandem Disk Model for a Cross-Wind Machine” Wind Engineering, vol. 6, No. 3 (1982) pp. 156-165. Hirsch, I.H. et al., “A Cascade Theory for the Aerodynamic Perfor mance of Darrieus Wind Turbines” Wind Engineering, vol. 1 1, No. 3, (1987) pp. 164-175. Holme, O., “A Contribution to the Aerodynamic Theory of the Ver tical-Axis Wind Turbine” International Symposium on Wind Energy Systems, St. John’s College, Cambridge, England (Sep. 7-9, 1976) pp. C4-55 to C4-72. Jones, Kevin D. et al., “An Investigation of the Fluid-structure inter action in an oscillating-wing micro-hydropower generator” Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, (2002) pp. 1-10. Jones, Kevin D. et al., “On Flow Separation Control by Means of Flapping Wings” Biomechanisms of Swimming and Flying, Springer Publishing, Editors: Naomi Kato et al., Chapter 5 (2004).

US. Patent Jan. 24, 2012 Sheet 1 0f 6

HG. 1 (PRIOR ART)

200 w 235

+ ---- -- a _

CONTROL SYSTEM m

_ _ _ _ ___> @ _

I 245 T — g — 220

SENSORS | S E E

GENERATOR __ m _

m __

E _

US 8,100,650 B2

212

[ BLADE m

f 215

BLADE m

US. Patent Jan. 24, 2012 Sheet 2 of6 US 8,100,650 B2

FIG. 2B

310

210 f

,210 f210

210 f 210 /

II

210

G.


‘[210

FIG. 38

FIG. 3C


FLUID FLOW

412

414

400 >4

TWO-AXIS TRANSDUCER @ L 424

V --6/

FIG. 4

FIG. 5

600 \

0 6

620 )\

_=:::: :::::=-=:::::IIT>ZIIIII::: WAVE TRAVEL DIRECTION

OCEAN FLOOR

FIG. 6


700 \

730 f 740

WAVE TRAVEL DIRECTION >


10 INERTIAL MEASUREMENT ‘ CONTROLLER

UNIT w ' E

4

v

SENSORS & SENSORS & SENSORS & SENSORS & CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL

820 j%_/ 820M 820 M 820M

FIG. 9

US008167533B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,167,533 B2 Lucy et a]. (45) Date of Patent: May 1, 2012

(54) WIND ENERGY SYSTEM 4,156,580 A * 5/1979 Pohl ............................. .. 415/4.2 4,579,506 A 4/1986 Ossberger et a1.

. . - 5,083,039 A * 1/1992 Richardson et a1. .......... .. 290/44

(75) Inventors‘ gligillilgcg’osé’o?ichael 5,161,952 A * 11/1992 Eggers, Jr. .............. .. 416/223 R ’ _ _ ’ _ ’ _ 5,457,346 A 10/1995 Blumberg et a1.

Green, Victona (CA); Nick Blltterswyk, 5,850,108 A * 1 2/ 1998 Bernard ........................ .. 290/54 NeW York, NY (US) 6,755,608 B2 6/2004 Boughton

6,942,454 B2* 9/2005 Ohlmann ...................... .. 416/11

(73) Assignee: The Green Electric Company, 7,744,338 B2: 6/2010 DeRuYter et al' " ‘HS/2'1 BOZeman MO (Us) 2008/0085179 A1 4/2008 Klnkald et a1. 415/4.1

’ 2010/0187828 A1* 7/2010 Reldyet a1. 290/55 2010/0213720 A1* 8/2010 Baile et a1. .................. .. 290/55

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this y patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS U.S.C. 154(b) by 110 days. JP 2001-289148 A 10/2001

JP 2003-193955 A 7/2003

(21) App1_ NO; 12/77L898 JP 2005-299621 A 10/2005 JP 2009-085090 A 4/2009

(22) Filedr Apr- 30, 2010 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(65) Prior Publication Data Robert L. Smith, The Wind Accelerator Dome, http://Windac celeratordome.com/Windfacceleratoridomeiairevoluti.htrn

US 2011/0103942 A1 May 5,2011 [retrieved on Aug‘ 23, 2011]‘

Related US. Application Data * cited by examiner

(60) Provisional application No. 61/256,174, ?led on Oct. Primary Examiner i JustineYu 29, 2009, prov1s1onal appl1cat1on No. 61/256,474, . . . ?led on Oct‘ 30 2009' Asststant Exammer * Jason Davls

’ (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm *Eric L. Lane; McKenna

Int- Cl‘ Long & F 03D 7/06 (2006.01)

F033 3/12 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT (52) US. Cl. ................................... .. 415/4.2; 416/ 197 R Wind energy systems comprise 21 Wind accelerator having a (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 415/4.2, Suppert assembly and an Outer Structure Surrounding the Sup

415/4_4, 60; 416/197 R’ 198 R’ DIG 9; 290/55 port assembly. The Wind accelerator has a front region and a See application ?le for Complete Search history rear region. The rear region is substantially Wider than the

front region, and the outer structure tapers from the rear (56) References Cited region to the front region. One or more turbines are mounted


1,697,574 A * 1/1929 Savonius .................... .. 416/110

1,835,018 A * 12/1931 Darrieus .. .. 415/224

2,335,817 A * 11/1943 Topalov ....................... .. 415/4.4

on the support assembly at or near the rear region of the Wind accelerator or at or near the Widest point of the Wind accel erator.



FIG. 1


14b 10 f

72

24

22a 74a 28

2” ff 76

10 \\ 24

22b 22a

28

74b 14a

20

FIG. 20 FIG. 20


210 \ 238 226

2221) 214i) 232 212

238 HT

7 z‘ /228 You

can'i ’ solveumm 224

/ the m "'f 2743 climate

2 crisis “WWW

& __~ 222a 229

\____\/__/ k j

220 2223 218

/216

FIG. 5


FIG. 6 ‘[216


um GE 3

WW5

mm 6R

5 6E mwm.


FIG. 9


WIND FLOW

FIG. 10


at GE

m: 6E


mm“ 6E $8

$22. $3

US 8,167,533 B2

260

US. Patent May 1, 2012 Sheet 13 0f 19

2221) 212 [210

o o o o o oo

G¢G¢GGGG¢ G©¢GG©¢¢¢G©GG¢G©GC O O 0 oh 0 0

GE ccac ca cc caaa cc GM. 0 o o 0%0 @\|ol

aaaacahwcc oooo\ooo/ acaacaaacc oonwoo Ga. @bQG Ga G .GG Ga Ga. Am Ch 0 O

/%§¢¢%&¢¢¢¢ oooooo ¢¢a¢¢c¢2c¢cc¢cm oooooooo waa?ac M oooooooo G‘ @G GQLQGCG H OOOOOOOO

Ga. OOOOOOOO GGG ‘m OOOOOOOO @ H oooooooo c a A .m 0000000

a QC B no“

oooooooo

@ f2 6. m

@ I ooooooo\ @G. F oooooooo a ma ooooooo

ma @ 0000000

00000000

c am = oooooooooooo w c 000000000000

2 @ oooooooooooo @ c oooooooooooo @. Qua. oooooooooooo a. v0 a oooooooooooo cm vmwu oooooooooooo

a @c. ma mam

1% m m g -\ I

2 2:5U U

2

216

FIG. 13B


FIG. 14


Turbine Spin Rate 30.0

22-2 i 1510

10.0 5.0

0'00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Wind Speed (m/s) _|:_ Max 0p Spin

FIG. 16 —A— Max Ct Spin

Torque vs Wind Speed @ spin rate for max Cp and Max Ct

60,000

50,000

3 40,000 g’ 30,000 5 20,000

10,000 0- _ ‘ _ . P » I

0 5 10 15 Wind Speed (m/s) _

—A— Max Up Free Standing FIG- 17 —=-— Max 01‘ Free Standing

—O— Max 0p Structure —|:1— Max 02‘ Structure


Power vs Wind Speed @ spin rate for max 0p and Max Ct

140.0

120.0

§ 100.0 ii 80.0 I_

g 60.0 °~ 40.0

20.0

0.0- -‘ 4.

Wind Speed (m/s) —O— Max 0p Base

FIG. 18 —A— Max Ct Base —|:|— Max 0p Structure —-— Max Ct Structure


Torque vs Wind Speed @ spin rate for max 0p and Max 0!

60,000 A 50,000

'1?‘ 40,000 j

3 30,000 /[(i,//;;%} E’ 20, 000 I

10,000 0_ .

Wind Speed (m/s) _ "-10-- Max Up Free Standing

FIG. 19 —==»— Max Ct Free Standing —O—- Max Cp Structure ~U- Max 01‘ Structure


Power vs Wind Speed @ spin rate for max Cp and Max Ct

140.0 -

120.0 )6, g 1000 if 800 ‘g’ 60.0 °~ 40.0

20,0

0,0 _- _. _-- .7. ._. Wind Speed (m/s)

—O— Max 0p Base FIG. 20 -—A— Max 01‘ Base

——U—— Max Cp Structure —-- Max Ct Structure

US008210817B2

(12) Unlted States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,210,817 B2 Iskrenovic (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 3, 2012

(54) WIND TURBINE UTILIZING WIND (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ............ .. 416/231 R, DIRECTING SLATS 416/231 A, 231 B, 197 R, 197 A, 197 B;

415/4.2, 4.4, 907 (75) Inventor: Zoran Iskrenovic, Nis (RS) See application ?le for complete search history.

(73) Assignee: Seven International Group, Inc., Los (56) References Cited

Angeles’ CA (Us) US. PATENT DOCUMENTS

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2 * gengsth ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 416/197 A ' ' , , arvls lan

patent 15 extended or adJusted under 35 4,209,281 A 4 6/1980 Edmunds ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, H 416/197 A U-S-C- 154(1)) by 0 days- 4,684,817 A 8/1987 Goldwater

6,962,478 B2 11/2005 Tsipov (21) App1_ No; 13,662,455 7,591,635 B2 9/2009 Ryu et a1.

7,696,635 B2 4/2010 Boone _ 2007/0269312 A1* 11/2007 Hsu et a1. ................ .. 416/186 R

(22) Flledi Jan-31,2012 2008/0023964 A1 1/2008 Sureshan 2009/0066088 A1 3/2009 Liang

(65) Pm" Pubhcatm“ Data FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

US May 17, WO 2010/048152 4/2010

* cited by examiner Related US. Application Data

(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 13/114,272, Prlmary ExammeriRlchard Edger _ ?led on May 24, 2011, Which is a continuation-in-part (74) Attorney’ Agent’ or Flrm i Flsh & Assoclates’ PC

of application No. 12/910,580, ?led on Oct. 22, 2010, (57) ABSTRACT HOW Pat’ NO’ 7’946’802' Various embodiments of a Wind turbine are disclosed having

(60) Provisional application No. 61/323,500, ?led on Apr. 21 support structure With a rotor disposed about the support 137 2010 structure and having ?rst and second scoops. Each of the

scoops can have medial and lateral openings, and the medial (51) Int CL opening can include a plurality of apertures that remain open

F0 3 D 3/06 (200601) during a complete rotation of the rotor.

(52) US. Cl. .............................. .. 416/197 A; 416/231 R 14 Claims, 12 Drawing Sheets

1201 “i210 ‘1214

1208

US. Patent

10%

106%

11M

11M

Jul. 3, 2012 Sheet 1 0f 12 US 8,210,817 B2

AIR 100

WiND

SUNLEGHT

AiR

1 14 12(3 3 X 490V

US. Patent Jul. 3, 2012 Sheet 2 01 12 US 8,210,817 B2


40%)

{402 5%

552 \

flaw

at kW

US. Patent Jul. 3, 2012 Sheet 4 01 12 US 8,210,817 B2

WENDWARD


T120

20

LEEWARD


32a:

WENDWARD


LEEWARD

Q69? 90s

WENDWARD

B 2 G 9

WiNDWARD LEEWARD

960 2


K314

was

/

“i604

1802{ 1666


1298


1301312.

1321:?“ 2 a @324 s1 J \2 j .. 13231328 13% I 13133 I 1301

Mi

13% mag 13% 1394

{m ' " K f" ‘ ' ' ' ' ' " "b '


1499 \ 1452

14%.?

1416

1412

we

(12) United States Patent Douglass et al.

US008215897B2

US 8,215,897 B2 Jul. 10, 2012


(54)

(76)

(21)

(22)

(65)

(60)

(51)

(52)

(58)

CYLINDRICAL WIND TURBINE

Inventors: Karl J. Douglass, Dublin, PA (US); Francis J. McCabe, Dublin, PA (US); Robert Dickie, Dublin, PA (US)


App1.No.: 12/332,461

Filed: Dec. 11, 2008


US 2010/0150728 A1 Jun. 17, 2010


Provisional application No. 61/014,159, ?led on Dec. 17, 2007.

Int. Cl. F 03D 7/00 (2006.01) F 03D 7/06 (2006.01) F 03D 3/00 (2006.01) US. Cl. ............ .. 415/42; 415/44; 290/44; 290/55;

416/197 A

Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 415/42,

415/44, 907; 416/197 A; 290/44, 55 See application ?le for complete search history.



4,047,834 A 9/1977 Magoveny et al. 4,115,027 A * 9/1978 Thomas ..................... .. 415/531

4,191,507 A * 3/1980 DeBerg ....................... .. 416/117

4,952,119 A 8/1990 Widseth 5,038,049 A 8/1991 Kato 5,463,257 A 10/1995 Yea 5,518,367 A 5/1996 Verastegui 6,688,842 B2 2/2004 Boatner 6,808,366 B2 10/2004 Sikes 6,872,045 B1 3/2005 Weaver et al. 6,984,899 B1 1/2006 Rice 7,084,523 B2 8/2006 Noguchi 7,186,083 B2 3/2007 Bayly 7,215,039 B2 5/2007 Zambrano et al. 7,230,348 B2 6/2007 Poole

2007/0126240 A1 6/2007 Richards et a1. 2008/0213083 A1* 9/2008 Unno ........................... .. 415/42

2008/0273978 A1* 11/2008 Watkins .................. .. 416/197A

* cited by examiner

Primary Examiner * Michelle Mandala

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Gregory J. Gore

(57) ABSTRACT A vertical Wind turbine includes a blade Which has opposite force producing sides that lie on opposite sides of the longi tudinal axis along its direction of travel. The aerodynamic surfaces are driven by the Wind through four phases of rota tion. Driving torque is produced during three of the four phases. The blade includes a v-shaped nosepiece With rear Ward facing surfaces on each side that cup the Wind during three of the four phases. The split tail of the blade captures the Wind during a doWn Wind phase of rotation.


12

18

14

PHASE 2

US. Patent Jul. 10, 2012 Sheet 1 of4 US 8,215,897 B2


4 PHASES OF OPERATION

Figure 3

PHASE 3

W H

PHASE 4 >———§ PHASE 2

PHASE 1

A Wind

US. Patent

Figure 4

Jul. 10, 2012 Sheet 3 of4 US 8,215,897 B2

12

4-___~ 13M 11

17

1e /

PHASE 2

Wind


Figure 5

25 25

Q It :

1 R R2

R3

Rotation

25

US008258647B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,258,647 B2 Haar (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 4, 2012

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE 6,784,566 B2 3/2004 Thomas 6,831,374 B2 * 12/2004 Seki .............................. .. 290/44

. 6,864,594 B2 3/2005 S k' (75) Inventor: Jonathan Haar, Cambr1dge, MA (US) 6,974,309 B2 12/2005 52k;

7,109,599 B2 9/2006 Watkins (73) Assignee: Eastern Wind Power, Cambridge, MA 7,245,039 B2 7/2007 DuHamel

US 7,352,076 B1 4/2008 Gabrys ( ) 7,425,776 B2 9/2008 Ketcham

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this * E; """"""""""" " 290/55

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 735823982 131* 90009 Deal “““ “““““““““““ “ 290/55 U-S-C- 154(1)) by 0 days- 8,013,464 B2 * 9/2011 Stern et al. .................... .. 290/55

2002/0105190 A1 8/2002 Thomas (21) Appl. N0.: 13/077,495 2004/0041405 A1 3/2004 Seki

(Continued) (22) Filed: Mar. 31, 2011

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (65) Prior Publication Data W0 9213192 8/1992

US 2011/0262276 A1 Oct. 27, 2011 (Continued)

Related US. Application Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(62) Division of application NO. 12/766,578, ?led on Apr. Small Wind Certi?cation Council, Small Wind Turbine Certi?cation 23, 2010, HOW Pat. NO. 7,988,413. Policy, Clifton Park, NY, May 2010, pp. 1-27.

Int‘ Cl- (Continued) F 03D 7/00 2006.01

(52) U 5 Cl ( ) 290/55 290/44 Primary Examiner * Joseph Waks (58) Field of ciéig's'i?ééiililééér'lil7...... .......... .. 290/55- (74) “We” Age”! or Firm * HOVeY Williams LLP

. . . 416/31 (57) ABSTRACT See appl1cat1on ?le for complete search h1story. _ _ _ _ _ _

A Vert1cal ax1s W1nd turb1ne 1ncludes an upstandmg support (56) References Cited structure, a plurality of generators disposed on the support


4,115,027 A 9/1978 Thomas 4,247,252 A 1/1981 Seki et al. 4,247,253 A 1/1981 Seki et al. 4,285,636 A 8/1981 Kato et al. 4,430,044 A 2/1984 Liljegren 4,464,579 A 8/1984 SchWarZ 5,057,696 A 10/1991 Thomas 5,203,672 A 4/1993 Wolf 5,332,925 A 7/1994 Thomas

structure, a central shaft in rotatable communication With the generators and positioned along a central axis of the Vertical axis Wind turbine, a plurality of struts extending from the central shaft, and a plurality of blades, each blade positioned at an end of a corresponding strut and oriented substantially Vertically. The Vertical axis Wind turbine optionally includes strut ailerons, blade extension elements, or blade ailerons to increase the ef?ciency and duty cycle of the Wind turbine.

1 Claim, 11 Drawing Sheets

US 8,258,647 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS W0 WO 2007121563 A1 * 11/2007

2004/0170501 A1 9/2004 Seki WO 2008077199 7/2008 WO 2008100580 8/2008

2004/0195838 A1* 10/2004 Tomas ........................ .. 290/1 R . WO 2008119994 10/2008

2005/0029900 A1 * 2/2005 Hiramatsu .................. .. 310/268 . WO 2008141763 11/2008

2005/0212300 A1 9/2005 Kimura et al. . WO 2008141813 11/2008

2007/0177970 A1 * 8/2007 Yokoi .......................... .. 415/42 WO 2009075853 6/2009 2008/0159873 A1 7/2008 Tran WO 2009075872 60009 2008/0191487 A1 8/2008 Morgan et al. 2008/0256795 A1 10/2008 Edwards OTHER PUBLICATIONS 2008/0273978 A1 11/2008 Watkins 2008/ 0309090 A1 12/2008 Stern et al. International Standard, Wind turbinesiPart 2: Design requirements

2009;0097981 A1 @2009 Galzlgys for small wind turbines, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, Second Edition, 2009 0167030 A1 7 2009 Wa “S Reference No. IEC 61400-2:2006(E), pp. 1-181. 2009/0304507 A1 12/2009 Dehlsen . . . .

2010/00 13233 Al * V2010 Buhtz ““““““““““““““ “ 290/55 Abbott et al., National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Report 2010/0050500 A1 3/2010 Pieraccini N°~ 824, Summary OfAlrfOll Data, 1945; PP 1465 _ 2010/0060001 A1 3/2010 Gabrys Sheldahl et al., “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Seven Symmetrical 2010/0133829 A1 6/2010 Benenyi Airfoil Sections Through 180-Degree Angle of Attack for Use in 2010/ 0194251 A1 * 8/ 2010 Sikes ........................ .. 310/68 D Aerodynamic Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines,” Sandia 2010/0230965 A1 9/2010 Pitre et a1. National Laboratories Energy Report, Mar. 1981, pp. 1-120. 2010/0230972 A1 9/2010 Haar Strickland, “The Darrieus Turbine: A Performance Prediction Model 2010/0307285 A1* 12/2010 Underwood ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 74/5721 Using Multiple Streamtubes,” Sandia Laboratories Energy Report, 2011/0006543 A1* 1/2011 Hu .............................. .. 290/55 Oct‘ 1975,1313‘ L36‘

2011/0037264 A1 2/2011 Roddler et a1‘ Cochran et al., “Integrating Wind Energy into the Design of Tall 2011/0133474 A1 6/2011 Haar . . . * BuildingsiA Case Study of the Houston Discovery Tower: Harvest 2011/0229312 A1 9/2011 Frank ....................... .. 415/170.1 . . . . ,,

2011/0291413 A1 120011 Wamble, III et 31‘ mg Wind Power from Tall Buildings, 2008, pp. 1-11. 2012/0000742 A1 * 1/2012 Sekella ““““““““““ “ 192/18 B International Search Report andWritten Opinion dated Dec. 20,2011 2012/0014792 A1 1/2012 Smith et al‘ in corresponding PCT/US2011/031702 ?led on Apr. 8, 2011. 2012/0020792 A1* 1/2012 Frank “““““““““““ “ 416/169 R Of?ce Action dated Mar. 13, 2012 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No.

13/177,242, ?led Jul. 6,2011. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Of?ce Action dated Aug. 11, 2011 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No.

W0 0210589 2/2002 l3/077,547, ?led Mar. 31, 2011. WO 03064852 g/2003 Of?ce Action dated Nov. 28, 21011 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. WO 2005010355 2/2005 13/077,547, ?led Mar. 31, 2011. WO 2005085633 9/2005 Of?ce Action dated May 8, 2012, in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. WO 2006119922 11/2006 13/077,547, ?led Mar. 31, 2011. WO 2007012195 2/2007 WO 2007021992 2/2007 * cited by examiner

US. Patent Sep. 4, 2012 Sheet 1 0f 11 US 8,258,647 B2

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US008314508B2

(12) Unlted States Patent (10) Patent N0.2 US 8,314,508 B2 Kawas et a]. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 20, 2012

(54) METHOD ANDAPPARATUS FORWIND 2 i lFlzlzelL-lnl ..................... , , e ter et a . . ENERGY SYSTEM 3,994,621 A * 11/1976 Bogie .......... .. 415/186

4,075,500 A 2/1978 0 t l. 290/55 (76) Inventors: Percy C. KaWas, Los Altos, CA (US); 4,079,264 A * 3/1978 (3:111:73 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' “ 290/55

Gulnar KaWas, Los Altos, CA (US) 4,086,028 A * 4/1978 Felter .... .. 416/227 A 4,088,419 A * 5/1978 Hope et a1. .. 415/44

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2 T 522k‘ """ " " P211811t is extended Or adjusted under 35 41663596 A 9/1979 Mouton, Jr. etal. 244/30

U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 4,204,799 A 5/1980 De Geus .......... .. 415/45 4,231,288 A * 11/1980 Finley 454/347

(21) APPLNO; 12/968 126 4,287,816 A * 9/1981 Riccard . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 454/4

’ 4,289,444 A * 9/1981 Monk et al. . 415/42 . 4,309,146 A * 1/1982 Hein etal. 415/44

(22) Flled: Dec-14,2010 4,374,534 A * 2/1983 Jespersetal. .. .... .. 52/3 4,379,972 A * 4/1983 Sosa et al. . . . . . . . . . .. 290/44

(65) Prior Publication Data 4,486,143 A * 12/1984 McVey ........................ .. 415/164

Us 2011/0140450 A1 Jun. 16,2011 (Continued)

Related US. Application Data FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS . . . . GB 2283285 A 5/1995

(60) Provisional application No. 61/286,959, ?led on Dec. 16, 2009. OTHER PUBLICATIONS

51 I Cl Davis, G., “Jackson Resident Seeks Votes for Pepsi Refresh Chal ( ) nt' ' lenge”, May 27, 2010, pp. 1-8, http://WWW.ledger-dispatch.com/

Z Z; neWs/neWsvieW.asp?c:270164. (52) US. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44 Primary Examiner i Pedro J Cuevas

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 290/44, (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Sughrue Mion, PLLC 290/55

See application ?le for complete search history. (57) ABSTRACT

(56) References Cited The present invention relates to generating poWer using Wind


257,484 A * 5/1882 Penn ............................. .. 454/18

2,909,113 A * 10/1959 Hatcher 454/36 3,267,833 A * 8/1966 Artis et al. 454/18 3,347,147 A * 10/1967 Howard 454/38 3,392,659 A * 7/1968 Rousey 454/18 3,590,720 A * 7/1971 Siegal ........................... .. 454/18

energy. According to some aspects, the invention uses a pas sive device to capture Wind, and accelerate the Wind toWard off-the-shelf turbines and other fan blades to generate poWer in a con?ned structure. The passive devices to capture Wind can have active electronic or mechanical controls to control the amount of Wind ?oWing in the structure to generate poWer.


US 8,314,508 B2 Page2

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,288,850 B2* 10/2007 Hicks et al. ................... .. 290/44 *

4,508,973 A ,1 4/1985 Payne ““““““““““““““ “ 290/55 7,323,791B2}k V2008 JOHSSOII ''''' ~ ~ 290/55 . .. 7,329,965 B2 2/2008 Robeltsetal. .. 290/55

4,551,631 A * 11/1985 Trlglllo 290/55 ,1 . 7,400,057 B2 7/2008 Sureshan ...................... .. 290/55

4,760,773 A * 8/1988 PeZZulll ........... .. .454/358 7,679,206 B1 3/2010 Green ........................... .. 290/44

4,816,697 A 3/1989 Nalbandyan etal. . 290/54 ,1 - - 7,834,477 B2 11/2010 ShelkhreZal . .. 290/55

4,831,921 A * 5/1989 Potter .. .454/341 ,1 7,863,765 B2 1/2011 Yang ...... .. .. 290/44

4,868,408 A 9/1989 Hesh 290/52 ,1 - . 7,866,938 B2 1/2011 Karrya .. . 415/4.4

4,963,761 A * 10/1990 Wlght .. 290/55 ,1 7,880,323 B2 2/2011 Menges .. 290/55 5,058,492 A * 10/1991 Nolton . . 454/259 ,1 - . . 2001/0004439 A1 6/2001 Bolclch eta. 416/9 5,326,313 A * 7/1994 Mlnlat 454/18 ,1

2002/0068519 A1 6/2002 Clark ......... .. .. 454/19 5,327,846 A * 7/1994 Androus .. . 114/211 ,1 - 2003/0035725 A1 2/2003 Sosonklna .. 416/11 5,391,926 A * 2/1995 Staleyetal. 290/55 ,1 2003/0133782 A1 7/2003 Holteretal. ................. .. 415/4.2 5,457,346 A 10/1995 Blumberg etal. . 290/55

. 2004/0183310 A1 9/2004 Mowll .......................... .. 290/55 D380,044 s * 6/1997 Toblas ....................... .. D23/375 ,1 2004/0235412 A1 11/2004 Rarrrsay 454/368 5,664,418 A * 9/1997 Walters ......................... .. 60/398 -

. . . 2005/0029817 A1 2/2005 Glzara .. 290/43 5,852,331 A * 12/1998 Glorglnl 290/55 ,1

. 2008/0023964 A1 1/2008 Sureshan ...................... .. 290/55 5977549 A 11/1999 Dah‘“ " 290/55 2008/0050237 Al* 2/2008 L 416/197A 5982046 A * 11/1999 Minh ..... .. 190/55 Zoos/0131281 A1, 6/2008 Kee. """"""""""""" " 416/183

6,109,863 A 8/2000 Milliken .. 415/1 * anya ~~ 6,191,496 131* 2/2001 Elder ““““ “ 290/55 2009/0015019 A1 V2009 Dorlaghey ..................... .. 290/55

6,302,778 Bl* 10/2001 Andrews et al. 454/16 2009/0160195 A1 6/2009 Cull?k ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 290/55 6,306,030 B1», 100001 Wilson ,,,,,, H 454/16 2009/0238676 A1 9/2009 Marvln . 415/4.3

6,352,473 B1* 3/2002 Clark ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 454/19 2010/0034649 Al* 2/2010 Taylor ........ .. . 415/208.1

6,431,973 Bl* 8/2002 Tsung ........................... .. 454/18 2010/0124507 A1 5/2010 Wallaoe etal. . 416/248 6,448,669 Bl* 9/2002 Elder 290/54 2010/0296928 A1 11/2010 Falcone etal. .. 416/120 6,582,291 B2* 6/2003 Clark ..... .. 454/19 2011/0095538 Al* 4/2011 Tabe .......... .. .. 290/55

6,638,005 B2* 10/2003 Holteretal. .. 415/4.2 2011/0135443 A1* 6/2011 Cuccietal. ..................... .. 415/1

6,666,650 B1* 12/2003 Theme1_ ..... .. 4l6/200R 2011/0140450 A1* 6/2011 Kawas etal. ................. .. 290/55

6,710,469 B2: 3/2004 MCDaVICLJL 290/55 2011/0221196 Al* 9/2011 Kawasetal. .. 290/44 6,740,989 132* 5/2004 Rowe ~_~ ~~~~~~ ~~ 290/55 2011/0250069 Al* 10/2011 Quintal ....................... .. 416/111 6,749,393 B2 6/2004 Sosonklna ~~ 415/4~1 2012/0099977 Al* 4/2012 Churchill et al. ........... .. 415/185 6,841,894 B2* 1/2005 GomeZGomar ............. .. 290/55 20120107085 A1, 6,870,280 B2* 3/2005 Pechler ......................... .. 290/55 2012/0153632 A1, 6,932,690 B2* 8/2005 Rarrrsay 454/66 _ _ 7,242,108 B1 * 7/2007 Dablo ........................... .. 290/55 * sued by examlner

US. Patent Nov. 20, 2012 Sheet 1 0f 10 US 8,314,508 B2

FIG. 1


FIG. 2

U S. Patent Nov. 20, 2012 Sheet 3 0f 10 US 8,314,508 B2

FIG. 3


FIG. 4


FIG. 6


FIG. 7A

FIG. 7B


FIG. 8

1%.

15

FIG. 9


FIG. 10


FIG. 11


1202

US008322992B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,322,992 B2 Fuller 45 Date of Patent: Dec. 4 2012 a

(54) MODULAR WIND-DRIVEN ELECTRICAL 2 gohen a a WeI‘S

POWER GENERATOR AND METHOD OF 4,220,870 A 9/1980 Kelly MANUFACTURE 4,245,958 A 1/1981 EWers

4,288,200 A 9/1981 O’Hare (76) Inventor: Adam Fuller, Racine, WI (US) 4,295,783 A * 10/1981 Lebost ......................... .. 415/44

4,362,470 A * 12/1982 Locastro et a1. ........ .. 416/197 A

* ~ . ~ ~ ~ - 4,474,529 A 10/1984 Kinsey

( ) Notice. SubJect'tO any d1scla1mer,the term ofth1s 4,486,143 A * 0/1984 Mcvey tttttttttttttttttttt “ 415/164 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 4,609,827 A 9/1986 Nepple U.S.C. 154(b) by 1234 days. 4,715,776 A 12/1987 Benesh

4,792,281 A 12/1988 Coleman (21) App1_ No; 12/104,655 4,857,753 A 8/1989 Mewburn-Crook et a1.

4,926,061 A * 5/1990 Arreola, Jr. ................... .. 290/55

(22) Filed: Apr. 17,2008 (Continued)


Us Zoos/0258468 A1 Oct 23, 2008 Excerpt from the US. Department of Energy, Wind & Hydropower Technologies Program. “How Wind Turbines Work.” 6 pages. Date:

Related US. Application Data NOV' 30’ 2006'

(60) Provisional application No. 60/923,862, ?led on Apr. (Continued) 17, 2007. _

Primary Examiner * N1nh H Nguyen

(51) In‘; C]_ (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Jansson Shupe & Munger F 03D 3/02 (2006.01) Ltd

(52) US. Cl. 416/197 A; 415/4.2; 415/44; 416/200 R; 29/889_7 (57) ABSTRACT

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 415/4.2, A method of making a vane assembly for use in a modular 415/44, 905, 907; 416/ 194, 197 A, 200 R, Wind-driven electrical poWer generator is disclosed. The 416/D1G. 4, DIG. 5; 290/44, 55; 29/889.7 method including the steps of: providinganaxial shaft; secur

See application ?le for complete search history. ing a plurality of spaced-apart plates around the shaft, pro viding plural sheets of bendable material, each sheet for form

(56) References Cited ing a vane; bending each sheet to create a vane; securing the

Us. PATENT DOCUMENTS

200,874 A * 3/1878 Robert ..

727,762 A * 5/1903 Edgar 1,200,308 A 10/1916 Bunnell

1,234,405 A 7/1917 Solomon 1,441,774 A 1/1923 Adams 1,812,741 A 6/1931 Espinosa 1,974,008 A 9/1934 Biehn 2,431,111 A 11/1947 Brie

11h

upper and loWer sides of each vane betWeen tWo plates to form the vane assembly, each vane extending radially out Ward from the shaft so that the shaft is balanced during shaft rotational displacement about the axis, the closed leading side faces a direction of shaft rotation and the open trailing side faces a direction opposite to the direction of shaft rotation; and securing an end cap over each vane outboard end.


US 8,322,992 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,189,050 B2 3/2007 Taylor et al. 5,037,268 A 8/l99l Fenlon 7,347,660 B2 3/2008 Taylor et al. 5 246 342 A 9/1993 B . 7,759,812 B2 7/2010 Taylor et al.

’ ’ ergstem 7,896,608 B2 * 3/2011 WhitWorth et al. .......... .. 415/42 5,320,491 A 6/1994 Coleman et al. 2007/0029807 A1 2/2007 Kass 5,333,996 A 8/1994 Bergstein 5,336,933 A 8/1994 Ernster OTHER PUBLICATIONS 5,354,175 A 10/1994 Coleman et al. 5,527,151 A 6/ 1996 C01eman et 31. American Wind Energy Association. “What are the Basic Wind Tur 5,527,152 A 6/1996 Coleman et 31' bine Con?gurations?” 2 pages. Date: Copyright 1998. 5 ’664’4l8 A 9/1997 Walters Danish Wind Industry Association. “Gearboxes for Wind Turbines.” 6,015,258 A 1/2000 Taylor ‘ . 3 pages. Date. Copyright 1997-2003. Updated Sep. 19, 2003. 6,693,409 B2 2/2004 Lynch et al. Al . A t t. & P d t. “STK W. d T b. Alt 6,857,846 B2 200% Miller Xron u oma ique ro uc rque. in ur ine erna 6,948,905 B2 9/2005 Horjus tOl‘S. 6 pages. Date: Undated. 6,966,747 B2 1 1/200 5 Taylor et al‘ US. Department of Energy. “Wind Partnerships for Advanced Com 6,984,899 B1 1/2006 Rice ponent Technology: WindPACT Advanced Wind Turbine Drivetrain 7,008,171 B1 3/2006 WhitWorth Designs.” 1 page. Date: Mar. 2006. 7,075,192 B2 7/ 2006 ByWaters et al. US. Department of Energy. “Low Wind Speed Technology Phase 11: 7,109,600 B1 9/ 2006 Bywater S et 61. Development of a 2-MW Direct-Drive Wind Turbine for Low Wind 7,119,453 B2 10/2006 Bywaters et a1~ Speed Sites.” 1 page. Date: Mar. 2006. 7,145,266 B2 12/2006 Lynch et al. 7,183,665 B2 2/2007 ByWaters et al. * cited by examiner


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121 137

127

129


131

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131

FIG. 7


131

FIG. 8


FIG. 10


FIG. 11


FIG. 12


FIG. 13


153 149

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165/

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FIG. 14


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FIG. 16


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midi mm»

` PATENTED DEC. 25,v 1906. _ No". 839,319.l c. NBU'MANN.

PRESSURE BLOWER. APPLICATION FILED IAE. 28, 1905.

' No'. 840.208. ~ PATENTBD JAN. 1, 1907. M, V.ÁHART0NG. WINDMILL. l

APPLICATION FILED APB. 27,'1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

[NI/ENTOR D _ WHA/55555:

A NORA/E Ys

"í THE NaRRls PETERS co.. wasmNcIoN. D. c.

US008419346B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.2 US 8,419,346 B2 Attey (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 16, 2013

(54) WIND TURBINE 4,162,410 A 7/1979 Amick 4,245,958 A * 1/1981 EWers ..................... .. 416/197 A

. 4,247,251 A 1/1981 Wuenscher (75) Inventor. (X'Seme Scott Attey, South Fremantle 4,379,972 A ‘V1983 Sosa et a1‘

( ) 4,430,044 A 2/1984 Liljegren _ 4,452,568 A 6/1984 Andersson

(73) Ass1gnee: Design Licensing International Pty 4,486,143 A 12/ 1984 McVey Ltd, Western Austrailia (AU) 4,857,753 A * 8/1989 MeWburn-Crook et a1. 290/55

_ _ _ _ _ (Continued)

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS USC' 1549’) by 9 days' EP 0046370 A1 2/1982

21 A 1 N 12/940 903 GB 561435 A 5/1944 ( ) pp ' O" ’ (Continued)

(22) Filed: Nov. 5, 2010 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(65) Prior Publication Data / European Patent Application No. 078156635 ?led Dec. 4, 2007 in

Us 2011 0070087 A1 Mar’ 24’ 2011 the name of Design Licensing International Pty Ltd, Supplemental

Related U 5 Application Data European Search Report mailed Sep. 22, 2010.

(63) Continuation of application No. PCT/AU2009/ (Continued) 000567, ?led on May 7, 2009.

(30) Foreign Application Priority Data Primary Examiner * Edward Look Assistant Examiner * Jason Davis

May 7, 2008 (AU) .............................. .. 2008902218 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Levine Bagade Han LLP May 26, 2008 (AU) .............................. .. 2008902592

(51) Int. Cl. (57) ABSTRACT F 03D 3/02 (2006.01)

(52) us CL A Wind turbine arranged to operate in con?ned area is dis USPC ........... .. 415/42; 415/44; 415/907; 416/182; elesed- The Wind turbine is eehstraihed Within two axially

416/D1G_ 6 displaced end plates and diametrically opposed Wind barriers. (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 415/42, The Wind barriers are Parallel to the axis and extend between

415/43, 44, 45, 905, 907, 908; 416/182, end plates. The Wind barriers each having an axially extend 416/DIG, 6; 290/ 5 5 ing inner edge radially spaced from an outer sWept surface of

See application ?le for complete search history. the turbine blades by less than 20% of the turbine radius. In another embodiment, there is disclosed a 2-dimensional array

(56) References Cited of Wind turbines, With Wind barriers being arranged between

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS parallel axes.

1,574,171 A 2/1926 Ryan 3,070,287 A 12/1962 Bruno 21 Claims, 10 Drawing Sheets

US 8,419,346 B2 Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS GB 2404700 A1 2/2005

5,076,759 A * 12/1991 Schonell ..................... .. 416/119 JP 55442978 A “H980 . . JP 2001193631 A2 7/2001

5,380,149 A * 1/1995 Valsamldls .................. .. 415/2.1 JP 2002021705 A2 1/2002 5,527,151 A 6/1996 Coleman et al. JP 2003065206 A2 3/2003 5,642,984 A * 7/1997 Gorlov ........................ .. 416/176 JP 2004019537 A2 1/2004 6,097,104 A 8/2000 Russell JP 2005036649 A 2/2005 6,155,892 A 12/2000 Gorlov NL 1019855 C2 12/2002 6,172,429 B1 1/2001 Russell W0 WO 94/03725 2/1994 6,201,313 B1 3/2001 Nakamats W0 WO 2005/028861 3/2005 6,293,835 B2 9/2001 Gorlov W0 WO 2005/116446 12/2005 6,309,172 B1* 10/2001 Gual ............................ .. 415/4.4 W0 WO 2006/095369 9/2006 6,638,005 B2 * 10/2003 Holter et a1. .. 415/42 * W0 WO 2007027113 A1 3/2007 6,740,989 B2 * 5/2004 Rowe ..... .. 290/55 W0 WO 2008/067593 6/2008 6,784,566 B2 * 8/2004 Thomas ........................ .. 290/55 W0 WO 2009/135261 110009 6,814,070 B2 11/2004 Bourne et a1. 6,877,948 B2 4/2005 Cutcher 6,966,747 B2 11/ 2005 Taylor et al. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 7,008,171 B1* 3/2006 WhitWorth ................... .. 415/42 7,109,599 B2 9/2006 Watkins PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2007/001865

2003/ 0025335 A1 2/ 2003 Elder ?led Dec. 4, 2007 in the name of Attey, International Search Report

2003/0209911 A1 11/2003 Pechler mailed May 8, 2008‘ 2003 0231951 A1 12 2003 Kaare . PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2009/000567 2004/0105754 A1 6/2004 Takahashl . . Zoos/0099013 A1 500% Noguchi ?led May 7, 2009 in the name of Attey, International Search Report 2007/0224029 A1 9/2007 Yokoi malled Aug 24, 2009

US. Appl. No. l2/478,597, ?led Jun. 4, 2009 in the name ofAttey et FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS al., Non-?nal Of?ce Action mailed Sep. 24, 2010.

GB 2000556 A 1/1979 _ _

GB 2049066 A 12/1980 * crted by examlner

US. Patent Apr. 16, 2013 Sheet 1 0f 10 US 8,419,346 B2


2

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MW Mx

US 8,419,346 B2

2 mm

Sheet 10 0f 10

3

Apr. 16, 2013

i.

U S. Patent

US008491266B2

(12) Unlted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,491,266 B2 Ferenczy (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 23, 2013

(54) FLUID ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE 5,285,112 A 2/ 1994 Mann 5,332,925 A 7/1994 Thomas

_ 6,948,905 B2 9/2005 Horjus

>l< ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ “ . . . . , 7,215,037 B2 5/2007 ScalZi

( * ) Not1ce: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 7,364,406 B2 * 4/200g Kinkaid ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, u 416/243 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2004/0047723 A1 3/2004 Horjus U_S_C_ 154(1)) by 583 days_ 2009/0285689 Al* 11/2009 Hall et al. ............... .. 416/197A

(21) Appl. NO‘: 12/249980 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS W0 WO 2007141367 A1 * 12/2007

(22) Filed: Oct. 13, 2008 * Cited by examiner

(65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner * Hung Vu

US 2010/0092296 A1 Apr. 15, 2010 Assistant Examiner i Bryan Junge

(51) Int. Cl. F03D 3/06 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT

(52) US‘ Cl‘ A ?uid ener conversion device corn risin a luralit of gy P g P y USPC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " 416/200 R; 416/197 R; 416/198 R; adjacent ?uid catching modules that may be disposed about a

_ _ _ 416/243 central drive shaft, Wherein the central drive shaft may be (58) Fleld 0f Classl?catloll Search rotatably secured to a support frame. Each of the plurality of

USPC ---------------- -- 416/197 R, 197 A, 198 R, 200 R, adjacent ?uid catching modules may comprise tWo intake _ _ 416/243; 415/42, 4-4 elements having a ?rst ?uid capturing aperture, an overlap

See aPPhCaUOn ?le for Complete Search 11151013’ - portion, and a second ?uid capturing aperture facing a direc _ tion opposite to that of the ?rst ?uid catching aperture. Adja

(56) References Clted cent ?uid catching modules may be offset from each other by


590,753 A 9/1897 Flaig 802,144 A 10/1905 Harrington

1,200,308 A * 10/1916 Bunnell ................... .. 415/2111

2,431,111 A 12/1943 Du Brie 3,645,694 A * 2/1972 Flatau ..................... .. 416/197R

3,877,836 A 4/1975 Tompkins 3,920,354 A 11/1975 Decker 4,321,005 A 3/1982 Black 5,057,696 A 10/1991 Thomas

95

a predetermined angular position, thus alloWing for at least one ?uid catching aperture to be facing a directional ?uid energy source at all times. The plurality of ?uid catching modules may comprise different Widths and form an overall conical con?guration or the plurality of ?uid catching mod ules may comprise equivalent Widths and form an overall cylindrical con?guration.



FIG. 1

100

/

/\/10

///_\ 400

FIG. 2


Fxs. :3 ‘u 45

RG1, é


/40 80

90

50a

FIG. 5

95

b 0 5

FIG. 6

(12) United States Patent Naumenko

US008529190B2

US 8,529,190 B2 Sep. 10, 2013


(54)

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(73)

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(56)

WIND TURBINE ROTOR WITH VERTICAL ROTATION AXIS

Inventor: Anatoliy Naumenko, CracoW (PL)

Assignee: Anew Institute Sp. Z o.o., Krako'W (PL)


Appl. No.: 12/751,844

Filed: Mar. 31, 2010


US 2010/0266413 A1 Oct. 21, 2010

Int. C]. F 03D 7/06 (2006.01) U.S. Cl. USPC .......................................... .. 415/4.2; 416/203

Field of Classi?cation Search USPC .............. .. 415/4.2, 4.4, 907; 416/203, 210 R See application ?le for complete search history.

References Cited


4,130,380 A * 12/1978 Kaiser ..................... .. 416/197A

4,264,279 A 4/1981 Dereng

4,430,044 A 2/1984 Liljegren 4,456,429 A * 6/1984 Kelland ...................... .. 416/117

4,976,587 A * 12/1990 Johnston et a1. ............ .. 416/230

* cited by examiner

Primary Examiner * Dwayne J White

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * John Alumit

(57) ABSTRACT

A Wind turbine rotor With a vertical rotation axis connected to a hub having at least tWo horiZontal supports, on the ends of Which are tightly ?xed blades, each consisting of tWo Wings joined together, With a symmetrical or concavo-convex airfoil With the airfoil’s chord lengths and thickness diminishing toWard both Wing ends. The rotor blade’s upper and loWer Wings are radially de?ected from the central Zone outwards. The chord length of both Wing ends and the chord length in the central Zone are approximately inversely proportional to the radii of its location in relation to the axis of the rotor’s rotation. The de?ecting angle of the loWer Wing can be greater than the de?ecting angle of the upper Wing or the length of the loWer Wing can be greater than the length of the upper Wing. These speci?cations provide uniform Wind poWer consump tion along the Wing’s length, increasing the e?iciency of a Wind turbine and its service life.


US. Patent Sep. 10, 2013 Sheet 1 012 US 8,529,190 B2

FIG.1

FIG.2


FIGJ.

(12) United States Patent Richter et al.

USOO8552579B2

US 8,552,579 B2 Oct. 8, 2013


(54) WIND POWER PLANT

(76) Inventors: Patrick Richter, Zurich (CH); Karl Bahnmuller, Dietikon (CH)


(21) App1.No.: 12/811,133

(22) PCT Filed: Dec. 24, 2008

(86) PCT N0.:

8371 (0X1)’ (2), (4) Date:

PCT/CH2008/000549

Jun. 29, 2010

(87) PCTPub.No.: WO2009/086648

PCT Pub. Date: Jul. 16, 2009


US 2010/0283254 A1 Nov. 11,2010


Jan. 4, 2008 (CH) ........................................... .. 8/08

(51) Int. Cl. F03D 9/00 H02P 9/04 F03B 13/00

vs. C]. USPC ................................ .. 290/55; 290/44; 290/54

Field of Classi?cation Search USPC .............................................. .. 290/44, 54, 55


(2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01)

(52)

(58)



158,676 A * 1/1875 Chesebrough .............. .. 417/147

293,509 A * 2/1884 Petersen ...... .. .. 416/119

320,482 A * 6/1885 Leavitt 137/121 485,933 A * 11/1892 Herman .... .. 416/119

537,494 A * 4/1895 Stevens et al. 415/164 1,147,646 A * 7/1915 Robbins .... .. 417/214

1,190,629 A * 7/1916 Clade ........... .. 416/108

1,369,596 A * 2/1921 Yanacopoulos 417/336 2,112,633 A * 3/1938 Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

2,454,058 A * 11/1948 Hays . . . . . . . . . . .. 60/398

2,539,862 A * 1/1951 Rushing .. 62/230 3,806,733 A * 4/1974 Haanen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

3,938,907 A * 2/1976 Magoveny et al. 415/141 3,995,170 A * 11/1976 Graybill .... .. .. 290/55

4,039,849 A * 8/1977 Mater et a1. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

4,047,834 A * 9/1977 Magoveny et a1. .. 415/53.1 4,052,134 A * 10/1977 Rumsey ........... .. 416/119 4,055,950 A * 11/1977 Grossman ..................... .. 60/398


CN 1351228 A 5/2002 CN 1484734 A 3/2004

(Continued) Primary Examiner * Pedro J Cuevas

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * The Webb Law Firm

(57) ABSTRACT The invention relates to a wind power plant, comprising a rotor that can be rotated about a vertical axis, said rotor between two horizontal bearing planes disposed at a distance on top of each other comprising a plurality of rotor blades, which are disposed distributed on a circumferential circle, can each be pivoted about a vertical pivot axis, and the pivot range of which is delimited on both sides by a stop. In such a wind power plant, an improvement in the energy yield, while simultaneously ensuring another operation, is enabled in that the width of the rotor blades is smaller than approximately 1/3 the radius of the circumferential circle.


US 8,552,579 B2 Page2

References Cited 7,323,791 132”< 1/2008 JOIlSSOIl ........................ .. 290/55 7,329,965 B2* 2/2008 Rebertsetal. .. 290/55

U~S~ PATENT DOCUMENTS 3’332’332 3%: 35883 1551222; """ " " 538??? 4,132,282 A * 1/1979 Sparks ......................... .. 180/22 7,550,865 B2* 6/2009 Jonsson ........................ .. 290/55 4,143,522 A * 3/1979 Hamricketal. 62/324.1 7,573,148 B2* 8/2009 Nica ,, 290/55 4,206,608 A * 6/1980 Bell ............. .. 60/698 7,719,127 132* 5/2010 Bertolotti . .. 290/44

4,229,661 A * 10/1980 Meadetal. 290/44 7,726,934 B2* 6/2010 Cowan ,, 415/42 4,236,866 A * 12/1980 Zapata Martinez ..... .. 415/4.4 7,758,299 131* main Jarecki ,, 415/42 4,276,816 A * 7/1981 Tuley .......................... .. 454/101 7,816,802 132* 10/2010 Green 290/55 4,309,146 A * 1/1982 Hein etal. .. 415/4.4 7,969,036 132* 6/2011 Chung ,, 290/55 4,358,250 A * 11/1982 Pa e .... .. .417/302 *

4,447,738 A * 5/1984 A1111slon 290/44 31* ......................... 4,457,666 A * 7/1984 Selman, Jr. . 415/203 8,217,526 132* 7/2012 Devitt ........................... .. 290/55

4,476,851 A * 10/1984 Bruggeretal . 126/247 8,257,018 B2* 9/2012 Coffey ,, 415/42 4,486,143 A * 12/1984 McVey ...... .. .415/164 2002/0109358 A1* 8/2002 Roberts ......... .. 290/54

4,609,827 A * 9/1986 Nepple .. 290/44 2002/0144504 A1* 10/2002 Merswolke etal. . 60/398 4,618,312 A * 10/1986 Williams .................... .. 416/119 2003/0122380 A1* 7/2003 Harbison . 290/55

4,619,585 A * 10/1986 St0rm ..................... .. 416/132B 2003/0133782 A1* 7/2003 Holteretal. . 415/4.2 4,648,801 A * 3/1987 Wllson 416/171 2005/0275225 A1* 12/2005 Berteletti . 290/44 4,659,940 A * 4/1987 Shepard ------- ~~ 290/55 2006/0275105 A1* 12/2006 Rebertsetal. 415/4.2 4,832,569 A * 5/1989 Samuelsen etal~ 416/17 2007/0095069 A1* 5/2007 Joshietal. . . . . . . . . . . .. 60/772

3,333,252 2 * 131333 3:113:11 ~ 4159/3/35? 2008/0050234 A1* 2/2008 Ingersolletal. 416/132B 50355049 A * 8/1991 Kati 290/55 2010/0107621 A1* 5/2010 Garvey ._ ........................ .. 60/327 530573696 A ,, 10/1991 Thomz'l'sw' 1:1290/44 2010/0187831 A1* 7/2010 Berteletti ...................... .. 290/55 5,098,264 A * 3/1992 Lew ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, H 418/23 2010/0225266 A1: 9/2010 Hartman ~~~~ ~~

5,126,584 A * 6/1992 oiiellet ......................... .. 290/55 2011/0027062 A1 200“ M°°Te_et?11~ ~

5,380,149 A * 1/1995 Valsamidis . .. 415/2.1 2011/0173980 A1* won “111ngth 5,384,489 A * 1/1995 Bellac ,,,,,,, n 290/44 2011/0236181 A1* 9/2011 Wygnanskl ..................... .. 415/1

5,391,926 A * 2/1995 Staley etal. 290/55 5,463,257 A * 10/1995 Yea .... .. 290/55 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

5,503,530 A * 4/1996 Walters 416/197A DE 121755 10/1899 5,553,996 A * 9/1996 Farrar .... .. .. 415/2.1 DE 102004001573 A1 8/2005

5,664,418 A * 9/1997 Walters 60/398 DE 102004061369 A1 7/2006 6,158,953 A * 12/2000 Lament .. 415/4.4 EP 1273798 A1 1/2003 6,634,855 B1* 10/2003 R0110 ........ .. . 415/206 JP 2005188494 A 7/2005 6,638,005 B2* 10/2003 Holteretal. 415/4.2 RU 2088799 (:1 8/1997 6,974,309 B2 12/2005 Seki ................. .. 416/227R W0 9720142 A1 6/1997 7,023,104 B2* 4/2006 Kobashikawa etal. ....... .. 290/42 wo 2005046638 A2 5/2005 7,215,037 B2* 5/2007 Scalzi ........................... .. 290/55

7,319,279 B2* 1/2008 Korner .......................... .. 290/55 * cited by examiner

US. Patent 0a. 8, 2013 Sheet 2 0f8 US 8,552,579 B2

/ /

/ / 7"”7

Fig.2 2"


Fig. 5


Fig.8 \ V J

20

15‘ 32‘ 31 18 29 \ \ \

Fig.9 \ 3”

32


Fig.1]

US008556571B2

(12) United States Patent Cassidy

US 8,556,571 B2 Oct. 15, 2013


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VERTICAL AXIS DUAL VORTEX DOWNWIND INWARD FLOW IMPULSE WIND TURBINE

Inventor: Joe C. Cassidy, The Dalles, OR (US)

Assignee: Zephyr International, Inc., The Dalles, OR (US)


Appl. No.: 13/588,359

Filed: Aug. 17, 2012


US 2013/0209244 A1 Aug. 15, 2013


Continuation of application No. 12/284,970, ?led on Sep. 25, 2008, noW Pat. No. 8,262,338, Which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 12/214,273, ?led on Jun. 16, 2008, noW abandoned, Which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 11/652,429, ?led on Jan. 11, 2007, noW abandoned.

Int. Cl. F 03D 1/04 (2006.01) US. Cl. USPC .......................... .. 415/4.3; 415/55.1; 415/224

Field of Classi?cation Search USPC ...................... .. 415/4.141.5, 1, 2.1, 55.1, 224 See application ?le for complete search history.

References Cited


455,858 A * 7/1891 Pepper .......................... .. 416/41 588,572 A * 8/1897 Hardaway .................... .. 415/4.2

2 12 ea

47 47 N ‘ s8

75 74 4ar- \

i 78 i 24 44 28; 2s 72 30 ‘ r32

RI 7 {54 g H 411 4

s I a {1 2a 4,6 j “6

v43

1,248,305 A * 11/1917 Gallagher ................ .. 415/149.1

1,531,015 A * 3/1925 Maine ....... .. 415/4.2

1,595,578 A * 8/1926 Sovereign 415/186 1,619,643 A * 3/1927 Webb .... .. 415/164

1,636,449 A * 7/1927 Adams . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415/18

2,812,823 A * 11/1957 De Oviedo ....... .. 415/129

3,938,907 A * 2/1976 Magovenyetal. 415/141 3,994,621 A * 11/1976 Bogie ......................... .. 415/186

4,012,163 A * 3/1977 Baumgartner etal. 415/208.3 4,039,849 A * 8/1977 Mater et a1. ................... .. 290/55

4,047,834 A * 9/1977 Magoveny et al. ........ .. 415/53.1

4,052,134 A 10/1977 Rumsey

(Continued)


CA 2330700 1/2001 DE 3637831 4/1987 DE 4317004 1/1995 FR 2785336 5/2000

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

http://en.Wikipediaorg/Wiki/Pelton Wheel: Wikipedia, Pelton Wheel, pp. 1-5, printed May 1, 2009.

(Continued)

Primary Examiner * Ross Gushi

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * ChernoffVilhauer LLP

(57) ABSTRACT

A Wind-powered turbine has a housing With an inlet and an outlet. Located in the housing is a cylindrical stator array having a plurality of spaced-apart stators located in it. An annular cylindrical rotor array having a plurality of cups rotates about a central axis, ?ts inside of the stator array. The stators are positioned to cause air Which ?oWs around the outer periphery of the stator array to impinge on the rotors and an air handling system causes air entering the housing to be distributed substantially around the periphery of the stator array.


US 8,556,571 B2 Page2

(56) References Cited 7,397,144 B1 * 7/2008 Brostmeyer et a1. .......... .. 290/53 7,573,148 B2* 8/2009 Nica ............. .. .. 290/55

U_S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,591,635 B2* 9/2009 Ryu et al. 416/111 7,605,491 B1* 10/2009 Chung .......................... .. 290/55

4075500 A * 2/197g Oman et a1, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/55 7,713,020 B2* 5/2010 Davidson etal. ............... .. 415/1 4,084,918 A * 4/1978 Pavlecka ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ "4115/1 7,726,933 B2* 6/2010 Johnson ..... .. .415/4.2

4,115,027 A * 9/1978 Thomas ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 415/531 7,816,802 B2* 10/2010 Green .. 290/55 4,132,499 A * 1/1979 Igra ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 415/2101 7,874,787 B2* 1/2011 Morris ....... .. . 415/42

4,142,822 A * 3/1979 Herbert etal, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 415/531 7,880,322 B2* 2/2011 Cumingsetal. .. 290/54 4,154,556 A 5/1979 Webster 7,946,802 B1* 5/2011 Iskrenovic .... .. . 415/4.2

4,162,410 A * 7/1979 Amick ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/55 7,960,852 B2* 6/2011 Cumings etal. .. 290/55 4,174,923 A * 11/1979 Williamson , 415/2111 7,969,036 B2* 6/2011 Chung ,,,,,,, ~ .. 290/55 4,191,505 A * 3/19g0 Kaufman ,, 415/21 8,262,338 B2* 9/2012 Cassldy ....................... .. 415/43 4204799 A >1 5/1980 de Geus M 45/45 2002/0047071 A1 4/2002 IllingWoIth 4,234,289 A * 11/1980 Lebost “ 415/4'4 2002/0148222 A1 10/2002 Zaslavskyetal. 4,260,325 A * 4/19g1 Cymara ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, “2115/44 2003/0133782 A1* 7/2003 Holteretal. ................. .. 415/4.2 4,269,563 A * 5/19g1 Shamketal, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, n 415/1g6 2004/0041407 A1 3/2004 Pettersen et al. 4279569 A * 7/1981 Harloff 4157533 2004/0100103 A1* 5/2004 Becherucci etal. .... .. 290/55 4,283,200 A * 9/19g1 O’Hare ,, 415/44 2004/0156710 A1* 8/2004 Gaskell .................... .. 415/169.1

4,309,146 A * 1/1982 Hein et a1. .. 415/44 2004/0183310 A1 9/2004 M<>W11 4,413,380 A * 12/19g3 dewaal ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 244/1991 2005/0201855 A1* 9/2005 Fan .............................. .. 415/4.1

4,421,452 A 12/19g3 Rougemont 2006/0222483 A1* 10/2006 Seiford, Sr. .. 415/4.4 4,436,143 A * 12/19g4 Mcvey ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, “2115/1621 2006/0275105 A1* 12/2006 Roberts etal. 415/4.2 4,551,631 A >1 11/1985 Trigilio 290/55 2008/0131273 A1* 6/2008 Fuller ........ .. 415/203 4,834,610 A * 5/1989 Bond’IH ‘ 4157533 2008/0232957 A1* 9/2008 PresZ et al. 415/191 4,857,753 A g/19g9 Mewburmcrooket a1‘ 2008/0317582 A1* 12/2008 Cassidy 415/42 4960363 A * 10/1990 Bergstein ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, n 415/31 2009/0045632 A1* 2/2009 Krauss .. . 290/54

5,009,569 A * 4/1991 Hectoretal‘ “ 415/41 2009/0087300 A1* 4/2009 Cassidy 415/4.3 5,126,584 A * 6/1992 ()uellet ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/55 2009/0097964 A1* 4/2009 PresZ etal. 415/116 5332354 A * 7/1994 Lamont ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, “2115/42 2009/0257862 A2* 10/2009 Presz et al. 415/116 5,380,149 A * 1/1995 Valsamidis ‘ “ 415/21 2009/0263232 A1* 10/2009 Jarrah 415/4.4 5,391,926 A * 2/1995 staleyetal‘ 290/55 2010/0003130 A1* 1/2010 Gual 415/191 5,447,412 A * 9/1995 Lamont ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, “2115/42 2010/0111668 A1* 5/2010 Kapich 415/47 5,457,346 A 10/1995 Blumbergetal‘ 2010/0119361 A1* 5/2010 Preszetal. 415/191 5,463,257 A * 10/1995 Yea ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/55 2010/0196150 A1* 8/2010 Nica ........................... .. 415/191 5664418 A * 9/1997 Walters 60/398 2010/0213722 A1* 8/2010 Scott ............................. .. 290/55

519691430 A >1 10/1999 poney ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/54 2010/0254798 A1* 10/2010 Tutt .415/42 5,982,046 A 11/1999 Minh 2010/0254799 A1* 10/2010 Caines .. 415/36 6,153,953 A * 12/2000 Lamont ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, “2115/44 2010/0270802 A1* 10/2010 PresZ etal. . 290/52 6309172 131* 10/2001 Gual ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, n 415/44 2010/0296913 A1* 11/2010 Lee ..... .. 415/4.2

6,417,578 B1 7/2002 Chapman etal‘ 2010/0316493 A1* 12/2010 PresZ et al. 415/191 6,465,399 132* 10/2002 Robens ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/44 2011/0002781 A1* 1/2011 PresZ etal. 415/2112 6,638,005 132* 100003 Holteretal, M 45/42 2011/0020107 A1* 1/2011 PresZ etal. 415/41 6,666,650 131* 12/2003 Themel 416/200R 2011/0027067 A1* 2/2011 Kennedy et a1. ............. .. 415/4.1 6,740,989 132* 5/2004 Rowe ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/55 2011/0033288 A1* 2/2011 PeZaris .................... .. 415/208.1 6,774,504 B1 g/2004 Lagerwey 2011/0058937 A1* 3/2011 PresZ et a1. 415/191 6,790,007 B2 9/2004 Gingras et a1‘ 2011/0103942 A1* 5/2011 Green et a1. . 415/183 6,841,894 132* 1/2005 Gomez Gomar ,,,,,,,,,,,,, H 290/55 2011/0135458 A1* 6/2011 PresZ et a1. . 415/208.1 6,870,280 132* 3/2005 Pechler ,,,,,,,, n 290/55 2011/0135460 A1* 6/2011 PresZ etal. . 415/208.2 6955521 132* 10/2005 Yang n 415/42 2013/0113217 A1* 5/2013 Vaz ........ .. .. 290/55 6981339 132* 1/2006 Fan ,, 415/41 2013/0136576 A1* 5/2013 Wojnar ........................... .. 415/1

6,984,899 B1 * 1/2006 Rice 290/44 7,094,017 B2* 8/2006 Kurita .. 415/4.2 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

* .

$221121 http://en.Wikipedia.0rg/Wiki/Francis turbine, Wikipedia, Francis tur 7,235,893 B2* 6/2007 Platt .. 290/54 bIHQPP-1-3,Pr1ntedMay31,2009~ 7,329,965 B2* 2/2008 Robelts et a1. 290/55 7,365,448 B2* 4/2008 Stephens ....................... .. 290/55 * cited by examiner


0 m

a‘ H 33 i Q 1

$0 w; ‘ .115 E g! /\5

M w

70% FIGJ


QUE


|/ // 4,1,1

58

L>~ FIG.9 J 32

34 "~28

Sheet 7 0f 8 US 8,556,571 B2 US. Patent 0a. 15, 2013


mm

@@

US008672633B2

(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,672,633 B2 Ball (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 18, 2014

(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE 4,784,568 A 11/1988 Benesh 4,838,757 A 6/1989 Benesh

. ' 5,494,407 A * 2/1996 Benesh ................... .. 416/197 A (76) Inventor. John Bradley Ball, Lakeslde (CA) 6,808,366 B2 10/2004 Sikes

>i<

( * ) Notice: subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis 33383351 31* 11/5882 16111315111111.1111:11111117452133 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,314,346 B2 1/2008 Vanderhye et a1. U,S,C, 154(1)) by 560 days_ 7,344,353 B2 3/2008 Naskali et a1.

7,393,177 B2 7/2008 Rahai et a1.

Kaneda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. _ * cited by examiner

(22) F1led: Sep. 10, 2010

(65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner * Edward Look

US 2011/0116930 A1 May 19, 2011 Assistant Examiner * Juan G Flores

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Brunet & Co. Ltd.; Robert Related US. Application Data A_ H Brunet

(60) Provisional application No. 61/241,399, ?led on Sep.

11’ 2009' (57) ABSTRACT

(51) Int' Cl' A Vertical axis wind turbine comprising at least two rotor F 03D 3/02 (2006.01) . . .

(52) U-s- Cl‘ port1ons, each port1on hav1ng a bottom, atop, and a curved USPC ...................... .. 416/197 A; 415/907; 416/243 gonzonial Cross Secnon when Seen .1“ top VleW' A ‘9p Cap may

_ _ _ e prov1ded that has a convex port1on correspond1ng to each (58) Fleld of Classl?catlon Search _ rotor portion that extends forwardly in a windward direction.

USPC ................... .. 415/2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 905, 907, Each rotor portion may comprise two angled rotor Sections 416/197 R’ 197 B’ 197 A’ 243’ 178’ 187’ that meet at substantially a Vertical midpoint of the rotor

_ _ 416/182’ 185’ 186 R’ 290/44’ 43’ 54’ 55 portion. The angled sections may be angled rearwardly in a See apphcatlon ?le for Complete Search hlstory' leeward direction and/or radially and may be angled from 1 to

(56) References Cited 20 degrees w1th respect to vertlcal. There may be three or


617,555 A * 4,359,311 A

1/1899 Blue et a1. ............... .. 416/197R

11/1982 Benesh

more rotor portions and the turbine may be comprised of one or more Vertically stacked sections.



Fué- 31b

US 8,672,633 B2

u. m‘ a /. 3 )3

US. Patent Mar. 18, 2014 Sheet 3 0f 12

US 8,672,633 B2 US. Patent Mar. 18, 2014 Sheet 6 0f 12


. , , . . , , , > ,

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,790,069 B2 Anderson (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 29, 2014

(54) ENCLOSED VERTICAL AXIS FLUID ROTOR (56) References Cited

(75) Inventor: Bruce Elliot Anderson, Eugene, OR U-S- PATENT DOCUMENTS

(Us) 588,572 A * 8/1897 Hardaway .................... .. 415/4.2 . , 2,431,111 A * 11/1947 Du Brie ..... .. 416/130

(73) A551gnee: No Fossil Energy, LLC, Odenton, MD 3,942,909 A * 3/1976 Yengst 416/132 B (Us) 4,245,958 A * 1/1981 Ewers 416/197 A

4,357,130 A * 11/1982 Forrest 416/197A ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis 6,952,058 B2 * 10/2005 MCCOiIl ~~~~~ ~~ 416/119

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,362,004 132* 40008 Beeker """""""""""""" " 290/55

U.S.C. 154(b) by 845 days. * Cited by examiner

(21) Appl' NO': 12/905’058 Primary Examiner * Igor Kershteyn

(22) Filed: Oct 14, 2010 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Kenneth P. WaszkiewicZ

(65) Prior Publication Data (57) ABSTRACT

US 2011/0142641 A1 Jun. 16, 2011 A enclosed vertical axis ?uid rotor used as a wind turbine of _ _ two designs having multiple sails that are concave on the

Related U'S'Apphcatlon Data inside and convex on the outer side which allows omni

(60) provisional application NO_ 61/272,626, ?led on Oct directional wind or other ?uids to engage sails to create opti 14, 2009, provisional application No_ 61/283,988’ mum ?uid momentum. These are sectional segmentation of ?led on Dec_ 10, 2009 each rotor that can be stacked upon one another at locating lug

points to be attached to each rotor to keep radial alignment (51) Int, Cl, precise during assembly. The preferred embodiment would

F 03D 11/00 (200601) be of composite materials or plastics that can be molded to a (52) us CL given design of three or more stages. The advantage of this

USPC ........... .. 415/42; 415/44; 415/905; 415/907; turbine is using the ?uids to their Optimum ef?ciency These 416/169 R; 416/197 A; 416/229 R; 416/240 designs have low starting speed, low precession, and low

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search drag. One design has a central axis that turns with bearings

USPC ...... .. 415/42, 4.4, 905, 907; 416/169 R, 172, 416/197 A, 196 A, 198 R, 201 A, 229 R, 240,

416/241 A, 243

with the rotor and the other design is a central static (non turning) axis shaft that allows the turbine to turn on bearings.

See application ?le for complete search history. 19 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,829,704 B2 Grigg (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 9, 2014

(54) WIND TURBINE GENERATOR AND MOTOR 1,465,593 A * 8/1923 Barrett et a1. ................. .. 416/14 1,524,712 A * 2/1925 Hurd ......... .. 416/140

~ . - 1,586,914 A * 6/1926 Palm ..... .. 415/150 (71) Applicant. Charles Grlgg, Westport, CA (US) 1,636,434 A * 7/1927 Pinaud 416/52

_ 1,654,165 A * 12/1927 Felt . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416/49

(72) Inventori Charles Grlgg, WesIPOIT, CA (Us) 2,128,592 A * 8/1938 Mushkin . 416/117 3,976,396 A * 8/1976 Antogini . 416/119

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 4,048,947 A * 9/1977 Sicard . . . . . . . . . . .. 440/8

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2 i 18/ ¥Emsey ~~ 3115/5131? , , omas .. .. .

U'S'C' 154(b)by Odays' 4,203,707 A * 5/1980 Stepp .... .. 416/119

4,365,934 A * 12/1982 Mason 416/17 (21) APPl-NO-Z 13/761,506 4,383,801 A * 5/1983 Pryor . . . . . . . . . .. 416/17

4,424,451 A * 1/1984 Schmidt .. 290/54

(22) Filed: Feb. 7,2013 4,494,007 A * 1/1985 Gaston . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/44

4,507,049 A * 3/1985 Strandgren 416/51 - - - 4,520,273 A * 5/1985 Rowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/54

(65) Pmr Pubhcatlon Data 4,534,703 A * 8/1985 Flavell 416/119

US 2013/0285382 A1 Oct. 31, 2013 4,619,585 A * 10/1986 Storm 416/132 B 4,679,985 A * 7/1987 Worms 416/119

- - 4,725,194 A * 2/1988 Bartsch ..... .. 415/4.2 Related U'S‘Apphcatlon Data 4,776,762 A * 10/1988 Blowers, Sr. 416/119

(63) Continuation of application No. 12/657,136, ?led on 5,038,049 A * 8/1991 Kate ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ 290/55

Jan. 13, 2010, noW Pat. No. 8,373,297. 5,051,059 A * 9/1991 Rademmher ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ 415/7

(Continued) (51) Egégll'3/00 (2006 01) Primary Examiner * Pedro J Cuevas

H021) 9/04 (200601) (74) Attorney, Agent, 01’ Firm i Howard Cohen

F03D 9/00 (2006.01) (52) us CL (57) ABSTRACT

USPC ................................ .. 290/54; 290/44; 290/ 55 A PAVA (parallel and vertical axis) turbine includes a plural (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ity of Wing assemblies having vertical pivot shafts extending

USPC ............................... .. 290/44, 54, 55; 416/119 between two vertically spaced end assemblies that are joined See application ?le for complete search history. to a central driveshaft assembly. The Wing assemblies are

_ rotatable about their respective pivot axes from a drive posi (56) References Clted tion in Which they extend radially outwardly from the central


4,843 A * 11/1846 Rowand ....................... .. 415/3.1

113,284 A * 4/1871 Folsom .

195,114 A * 9/1877 Folsom 247,266 A * 9/1881 Miller, Jr.

299,563 A * 6/1884 Martin 591,962 A * 10/1897 Evison 1,076,713 A * 10/1913 Southwick

1,190,629 A * 7/1916 Clade .......................... .. 416/108

axis and transverse to incident ?uid ?ow to maximally cap ture ?uid ?ow and rotate the turbine, to a glide position in Which the Wings extend tangentially to the direction of rota tion and parallel to incident ?uid ?ow to minimize drag. The Wings may have articulating ?aps rotating outwardly from the Wing assembly in the drive quadrant to capture more of the passing ?uid ?ow.


US 8,829,704 B2 Page2

(56) References Cited 7,880,322 B2* 2/2011 Cumings et a1. .............. .. 290/54 7,918,648 B1* 4/2011 Simnacher 416/111

US, PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,942,624 B1* 5/2011 Erb ........ .. . 415/4.2 8,016,544 B1* 9/2011 Nguyen ........................ .. 415/60

5,057,696 A * 10/1991 Thomas ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/44 8,120,196 B1* 2/2012 Neese ........................... .. 290/54

5,098,264 A * 3/1992 Lew ,,,,,,, ,, 413/23 8,269,362 B2* 9/2012 Cai 290/44 5,126,584 A * 6/1992 ()uellet ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 290/55 8,419,367 B2* 4/2013 Fite ~~~~~ ~ 416/119

5,256,034 A * 10/1993 Sultzbaugh ................... .. 416/91 8,480,363 B2* 7/2013 Fénaughty 416/1 5332925 A * 7/1994 Thomas 290/44 8,552,579 B2* 10/2013 R10hteret 31. . 290/55 5,425,619 A * 6/1995 Aylor 416/42 8,602,719 B2* 12/2013 Kelly ~~~~~ ~- 415/42 5,463,257 A * 10/1995 Yea .... .. 290/55 8,624,423 132* 1/2014 Ju ~~~~ ~~ 290/55

5,676,524 A * 10/1997 Lukas n 416/17 8,657,575 B2* 2/2014 Morris .. .. 416/79 6,006,518 A * 12/1999 Geary “““““ H 60/398 2002/0109358 A1* 8/2002 RobeITs ......................... .. 290/54

6,069,409 A * 5/2000 Fowler et 31‘ 290/55 2003/0122380 A1* 7/2003 Harbison ...................... .. 290/55 6,242,818 131* 6/2001 Smedley 290/44 2006/0076782 A1* 4/2006 Yeh et 31. . 290/55 6,734,576 132* 5/2004 Pacheco ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, H 290/55 2006/0275105 A1* 12/2006 Robelts et a1. 415/4.2 6,857,846 132* 2/2005 Miller “““““““““““““ H 415/4‘2 2008/0226449 A1* 9/2008 Villella 416/87 7,083,382 132* 8/2006 Ursua ““ n ‘ 416/110 2008/0260532 A1* 10/2008 Luethi 416/51 7,323,791 132* 1/2008 Jonsson ““ n 290/55 2008/0309089 A1* 12/2008 Lin ..... .. 290/54

7329965 132* 20008 Roberts et 31‘ 290/55 2012/0045331 A1* 2/2012 Villella . 416/5 7,385,302 B2* 6/2008 Jonsson 290/54 2013/0136600 A1* 5/2013 Tamatsu ...................... .. 416/119 7,550,865 B2* 6/2009 Jonsson 290/55 2013/0149147 A1* 6/2013 7,591,635 B2* 9/2009 Ryu et a1. . . 416/111 2013/0251524 A1* 9/2013 7,696,635 B2* 4/2010 Boone .... .. 290/55 2013/0285382 A1* 10/2013 7,780,411 B2* 8/2010 Yan 416/1 2014/0086749 A1* 3/2014 7,816,802 B2* 10/2010 Green 290/55 7,855,468 B2* 12/2010 Lin ............................... .. 290/54 * cited by examiner


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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,864,440 B2 Sauer, Jr. (45) Date of Patent: *Oct. 21, 2014

(54) WIND SAIL TURBINE (56) References Cited

(75) Inventor: Dieter Sauer, Jr., Westlake Village, CA U-S- PATENT DOCUMENTS

(Us) 574,411 A * 1/1897 Gassett ....................... .. 416/142

. . 1,100,332 A 6/1914 Smith (73) Ass1gnee: Sauer Energy, Incc., Camanllo, CA 1,697,574 A M929 Savonius

(US) 1,835,018 A 12/1931 Darrieus 2,020,900 A 11/1935 Methvin

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis 2,716,460 A * 8/1955 Young ........................... .. 416/24

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (Continued) U.S.C. 154(b) by 616 days. This patent is subject to a terminal dis- FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

Claimer~ DE 10319003 A1 * 11/2004 .............. .. F03D 3/06

EP 0993551 A1 4/2000

(21) Appl. No.. 13/134,049 (Continued)

(22) Filed: May 27, 2011 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(65) Prior Publication Data English Machine Translation of DE 10319003 A1 .*

Us 2012/0121416 A1 May 17, 2012 Primary Examiner * Edward Look

Assistant Examiner * Wayne A Lambert Related US“ Application Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 4 Brooks Kushman RC.

(60) Provisional application No. 61/456,876, ?led on Nov. 15, 2010. (57) ABSTRACT

A vertical axis omni -Wind turbine having a Wind sail centrally (51) Int“ Cl“ mounted to a turbine drive shaft, the Wind sail consisting of

F 03D 3/02 (200601) three generally identical vanes paced 120 degrees apart. The F 03D 3/06 (200601) vanes each have a generally concave surface for capturing

(52) U-s- Cl- impinging Wind thrust With an opposite generally convex CPC ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ F 03D 3/065 (2013-01); F053 2240/30 surface to provide minimal Wind resistance. The resulting

(2013-01); YOZE 1 0/ 7 4 (2013-01); F053 disparate Wind resistance causes a stronger reaction on the 2240/21 1 (2013-01) concave side of a vane Which in turn provides rotation about

USPC ~~~~~ -- 415/4-2; 416/24; 416/197 A; 416/197 R; the vertical oriented drive shaft. The turbine has omni-Wind 416/213 B; 416/236 R; 416/243 characteristics in that regardless of the Wind direction an

(58) Field Of ClaSSi?catiOIl SeaI‘Ch adequate portion of the concave surface of a rotor blade Will USPC .............. .. 415/42, 4.4, 907, 144; 416/227 R, always be exposed to impinging wind, The subsequent drive

416/231 R, 231 B, 197 R, 197 A, 197 B, 243, shaft rotation is transmitted to an electrical turbine. 416/235, 236 R

See application ?le for complete search history. 10 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets

54:17,. Q.

4 1 ‘ ixisss. . 1 D O 06 o a

US 8,864,440 B2 Page2

(56) References Cited 7,314,346 B2 1/2008 Vanderhye et a1. 7,344,353 B2 3/2008 Naskalietal.

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 29011:; 1 , , 1n 1 eta.

3,208,722 A 9/1965 Rodriquez etal. 135971028 5 7/2009 Sauer 3,672,017 A 6/1972 Nielsen etal. 136381358 5 5/2011 Samar/JR 3,918,839 A 11/1975 Blackwell etal. 7,948,110 B2 5/2011 Morgan ML 3,967,507 A 7/1976 Emms 7,976,267 B2 7/2011 Burrell, 1V: 4,015,911 A * 4/1977 Dal-Vishian “““““““““ n 416/119 8,011,886 B2* 9/2011 Subramanlan etal. ....... .. 416/23

4,039,849 A 8/1977 Mater et al. 8,061,993 B2 11/2011 SaSSOW 4,236,866 A 12/1980 Zapata Martinez 8,084,881 B2 12/2011 Morgan etal~ 4,255,085 A * 3/1981 Evans “““““““““““ n 416/197A 8,662,854 B1* 3/2014 Salaverry .................... .. 416/228 4293274 A 10/1981 Gilman 2002/0197104 A1 12/2002 Baunian etal.

4,362,470 A * 12/1982 Looastro etal. ........ .. 416/197A 5882;813:323 21* $882 gmrltderhye etal ~~~~~ ~~ 416/197A * e OIly

Egg} 2 a Ex“; ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, H 332??? 2007/0029807 A1 2/2007 Kass 4,606,697 A 8/1986 Appel 2007/0077145 A1* 4/2007 Kinkaidetal. ......... .. 416/197A 4,720,239 A * 1/1988 Owczarek ““““““““““ n 415/181 2007/0086895 A1* 4/2007 Vanderhye et 31. . 416/197A D300 932 S 5/1989 Sikes 2007/0110585 A1* 5/2007 Bonnet ......... .. 416/235

4,8693644 A * 9/1989 Takigawa “““““““““““ n 416/235 2008/0240923 A1* 10/2008 Bonnet ................... .. 416/223R

4,974,633 A * 12/1990 Hickey ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 137/561R 2008/0246284 A1 10/2008 Pelman etal 5,131,785 A 7/1992 Shimazaki 2008/0273974 A1 11/2008 Becker 5,133,516 A * 7/1992 Marentio etal. ............ .. 244/130 2009/0184521 A1* 7/2009 Chong .......................... .. 290/55

5,193,978 A * 3/1993 Gutierrez ...................... .. 416/24 2009/0189395 A1 7/2009 Ryynanen etal. 5,261,801 A 11/1993 Stone 2009/0243302 A1* 10/2009 Eisenblaetter .. .... .. 290/55

5,380,149 A * 1/1995 Valsamidis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~- 415/2-1 2009/0246027 A1* 10/2009 Johnson .................. .. 416/197A

2,331,232 2 * 426332 211113 etal~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 290/55 2009/0295293 A1 12/2009 Lawton etal. , , 9 erg 2010/0270808 A1 10/2010 Bates et al.

23333; 2 13/332 133421116811 2010/0284809 A1 11/2010 Houlsby etal. 5,503,525 A * 4/1996 Brown etal. ................. .. 416/24 5818;8253335 :1 $5818 [£31an 5,570,859 A * 11/1996 Quandt . 244/213 2011/0027084 A1 20011 R krt 5,656,865 A * 8/1997 Evans ........................... .. 290/55 6 .6 5,760,515 A 6/1998 Bums 2011/0081243 A1 4/2011 Sullivan

5,941,131 A 8/1999 Fohl 2012/0057984 A1* 3/2012 Fuglsangetal. ............ .. 416/234

6,172,429 B1 1/2001 Russell 6,283,711 B1 9/2001 Borg etal. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,287,082 B1 9/2001 Dittrnar 6,345,957 B1 2/2002 SZpur GB 2386161 B 9/2002 6,428,275 B1 8/2002 Jaakkola JP 6090992 A 4/1994 6,465,899 B2 10/2002 Roberts JP 2006348810 A 12/2006 6,808,366 B2 10/2004 Sikes wo 8101443 A1 5/1981 6,870,280 B2 3/2005 Pechler wo 9904164 A 1/1999 6,935,841 B2 8/2005 Rainbow WO 0246619 A2 6/2002 7,008,171 B1 3/2006 Whitworth W0 2004011798 A2 2/2004 7,040,859 B2 5/2006 Kane wo 2006063380 A1 6/2006 7,044,711 B2 5/2006 Duncan et a1. WO 2006119648 A 11/2006 7,093,513 B2 8/2006 Bostbarge wo 2007048001 A2 4/2007 7,132,760 B2 11/2006 Becker 7,287,954 B2 10/2007 Kinkaid et a1. * cited by examiner

US 8,864,440 B2 Sheet 1 0f 5 Oct. 21, 2014 US. Patent

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(12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION

(43) Date of publication: 07.01.2009 Bulletin 2009/02

(21) Application number: 07013159.4

(22) Date of filing: 05.07.2007

(51) Int Cl.: �F03D 3/00 (2006.01) F03D 3/04 (2006.01)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TRDesignated Extension States: AL BA HR MK RS

(71) Applicant: Media Ventures GmbH50999 Köln (DE) �

(72) Inventors: • Vucak, Aleksandar

80939 München (DE) �• Tesic, Nenad

78220 Kotor Varos (BA) �

• Tesic, Dragan78220 Kotor Varos (BA) �

• Tesic, Miroslav78220 Kotor Varos (BA) �

(74) Representative: Stenger, Watzke & RingIntellectual Property Am Seestern 840547 Düsseldorf (DE) �

Remarks: Amended claims in accordance with Rule 137�(2) EPC. �

(54) Vertical axis wind turbine

(57) This invention relates to a vertical axis wind tur-bine (1) having a turbine rotor (2) and wind leading vanes(7), which vanes are located symmetrically circumferen-tially around said turbine rotor. According to the inventionstator vanes (7) extended vertically between the top plate

(9) and the bottom plate (10) defining windflow channels,defined by the inward facing surface of one vane and theoutward facing surface of the neighboring vane. The topand bottom plates mount the turbine rotor. Also, the prin-ciple of serial connection of multiple wind turbines to in-crease overall wind turbine power is disclosed.

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(22) Date of filing: 17.12.2008

(51) Int Cl.: �F03D 3/02 (2006.01) F03D 3/06 (2006.01)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TRDesignated Extension States: AL BA MK RS

(30) Priority: 29.02.2008 HK 0810232924.04.2008 HK 0810460425.04.2008 HK 0810465114.07.2008 HK 0810770411.08.2008 HK 08108816

(71) Applicant: Hopewell Wind Power LimitedTortola (VI)�

(72) Inventors: • Wu, Gordon Ying Sheung

Hong Kong (HK) �• Wu, Thomas Jefferson

Hong Kong (HK) �• Wu, Caro

Hong Kong (HK) �

(74) Representative: Martin, David John et alMarks & Clerk LLP 5th Floor 14 South ParadeLeedsLS1 5QS (GB) �

(54) Shaftless vertical axis wind turbine

(57) A shaftless vertical axis wind turbine has a sta-tionary hollow core having inner and outer circular wallswith a void between the inner and outer walls. A rotor isrotatably supported about the core and has a plurality ofradially extending rotor arms each having a wind engag-ing rotor blade located at a distal end.

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(22) Date of filing: 13.10.2010

(51) Int Cl.:F03D 3/00 (2006.01) F03D 11/02 (2006.01)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TRDesignated Extension States: BA ME

(30) Priority: 30.10.2009 HK 09110157

(71) Applicant: Hopewell Wind Power LimitedTortola (VI)

(72) Inventors: • WU, Gordon Ying Sheung

Hong Kong (HK)• WU, Thomas Jefferson

Hong Kong (HK)

(74) Representative: Hardy, RosemaryMarks & Clerk LLP 14 South Parade 5th FloorLeeds LS1 5QS (GB)


(57) A vertical axis wind turbine 10 has a rotor 15carrying at least one blade 23 and mounted to a supportstructure 16 for rotation about an upright rotor axis 29. Apin wheel 36 fixed to the rotor 15 is drivingly meshed with

a toothed wheel 41 mounted to the support structure 16.A transmission 46, 6, 73, 74 is provided for transmittingtorque from the toothed wheel 41 to an electric generator43.

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(22) Date of filing: 18.07.2011

(51) Int Cl.:F03D 3/04 (2006.01)


(30) Priority: 20.07.2010 AR P000102666

(71) Applicants: • Julia, Silvestre Egidio

7600 Mar del Plata (AR)

• Roth, Jörg Walter3065 Bolligen (CH)

(72) Inventor: The designation of the inventor has not yet been filed

(74) Representative: Gygi, Andreas et alKeller & Partner Patentanwälte AG Schmiedenplatz 5 Postfach3000 Bern 7 (CH)


(57) The invention relates to a vertical axis wind tur-bine, comprising:a) a rotor including several blades connected to the ver-

tical axis, such that kinetic energy of wind causes rotationof the vertical axis; andb) a fairing surrounding the rotor at least partly.

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(22) Date of filing: 27.10.2010

(51) Int Cl.:F03D 3/02 (2006.01) F03D 3/04 (2006.01)


(71) Applicant: Komjáthy, Miklós1118 Budapest (HU)

(72) Inventor: Komjáthy, Miklós1118 Budapest (HU)


(57) The subject of this invention is to find the solutionof installation of the vertical-axle wind energies utilizerequipments next to each other. The equipment/inventionis a wind flow control, which regulates the utilizable flowenergies to reach by the most ideal way the blades that

providing the rotational energy, while creating low-pres-sure area in the rotational angle of the returning blades.As the utilizable wind energy becomes regulated due tothis equipment, so it allows the operation of windmill, windpower machine and wind generator in case of low andstormy wind conditions, as well.

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Anmerkung: Innerhalb von neun Monaten nach Bekanntmachung des Hinweises auf die Erteilung des europäischenPatents im Europäischen Patentblatt kann jedermann nach Maßgabe der Ausführungsordnung beim EuropäischenPatentamt gegen dieses Patent Einspruch einlegen. Der Einspruch gilt erst als eingelegt, wenn die Einspruchsgebührentrichtet worden ist. (Art. 99(1) Europäisches Patentübereinkommen).


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(12) EUROPÄISCHE PATENTSCHRIFT

(45) Veröffentlichungstag und Bekanntmachung des Hinweises auf die Patenterteilung: 04.09.2013 Patentblatt 2013/36

(21) Anmeldenummer: 10710222.0

(22) Anmeldetag: 12.03.2010

(51) Int Cl.:F03D 3/06 (2006.01)

(86) Internationale Anmeldenummer: PCT/EP2010/001697

(87) Internationale Veröffentlichungsnummer: WO 2010/130315 (18.11.2010 Gazette 2010/46)

(54) SAVONIUS-ROTOR

SAVONIUS ROTOR

ROTOR DU TYPE SAVONIUS

(84) Benannte Vertragsstaaten: AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

(30) Priorität: 01.10.2009 DE 102009043684

(43) Veröffentlichungstag der Anmeldung: 09.05.2012 Patentblatt 2012/19

(73) Patentinhaber: Schul, Karl Dirk66578 Schiffweiler (DE)

(72) Erfinder: Schul, Karl Dirk66578 Schiffweiler (DE)

(74) Vertreter: Theobald, Andreas et alPateris Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Postfach 08 03 0510003 Berlin (DE)

(56) Entgegenhaltungen: DE-U1-202007 009 187 FR-A- 814 027US-A- 2 007 963

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(12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATIONpublished in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC



(22) Date of filing: 17.09.2009

(51) Int Cl.:F03D 3/00 (2006.01) F03D 9/00 (2006.01)

F03D 11/00 (2006.01) H02K 7/20 (2006.01)

H02K 9/04 (2006.01)

(86) International application number: PCT/CN2009/001041

(87) International publication number: WO 2011/006284 (20.01.2011 Gazette 2011/03)

(84) Designated Contracting States: AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

(30) Priority: 16.07.2009 CN 200910041159

(71) Applicant: Guangzhou Yatu Wind Energy Co., LtdGuangdong 510460 (CN)

(72) Inventor: DENG, YunheGuangdong 510460 (CN)

(74) Representative: Carpintero Lopez, Francisco et alHerrero & Asociados, S.L. Alcalá 3528014 Madrid (ES)

(54) VERTICAL WIND POWER GENERATOR

(57) A vertical wind power generator comprises atower column (1), at least one generator unit (2), at leasttwo blades (3), an excitation control device (16), a rotationrectifying device (161), a bidirectional frequency convert-er (15), flanges (7-13), bearings (4-6), a cooling system,a crane (80) and a lift system. The generator unit (2)comprises a bracket (201), a generator (202) and an ex-citer (203). The bracket (201) comprises an outer bracket(2011) and an inner bracket (2012). The generator (202)comprises a stator (2021) and a rotor (2022). The exciter(203) comprises a stator (2031) and a rotor (2032). Thevertical wind power generator can be manufactured atreduced cost, be rapidly started, improve the utilizationefficiency of wind power, have a better cooling effect onthe generator (202) and increase its operating life, andtherefore reduce maintenance cost and time.

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(22) Date of filing: 27.05.2011

(51) Int Cl.:F03D 3/06 (2006.01) F03D 3/00 (2006.01)

F03D 9/00 (2006.01)


(30) Priority: 15.12.2010 ES 201001467

(71) Applicant: Ariznabarreta Garabieta, Joseba20809 AIA Gipuzkoa (ES)

(72) Inventor: Ariznabarreta Garabieta, Joseba20809 AIA Gipuzkoa (ES)

(54) Vertical axis micro wind generator

(57) A vertical axis micro wind generator is de-scribed, as comprising a Savonius type helical wing 1,(Figure 1), two bearings 10a and 10b on each side of thethe wing, a base 2 joined to wing 1 with shafts 7a, 7b and7c protruding from the bottom side of base 2 where 3

bearings 9a, 9b and 9c, and planets 8a, 8b and 8c arelocated, a crown gear fixed to base plate 6 and a sungear 12 rotating around shaft 3. Sun gear 12, joined tothe magnets plate 4, rotates in the same direction ashelical wing 1 and at a resultant speed as determined bythe planetary gear system (Figure 2).

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United States Patent [191 Stoeckert

[11] 3,876,925 [451 Apr. 8, 1975

[54] WIND TURBINE DRIVEN GENERATOR TO RECIIARGE BATTERIES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES

[76] Inventor: Christian Stoeckert, PO. Box 993, Jetersville, Va. 23083

[221 Filed: Jan. 2, 1974

[21] Appl. No.: 430,048

[52] US. Cl. ....................... .. 322/1; 290/55; 180/65 [51] Int. Cl. ........................................... .. B601 11/18 [58] Field of Search ............ .. 320/2, 61; 322/1, 100;

290/44, 55; 180/1 P, 60, 65

[S6] ' _ References Cited

UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,152,666 9/1915 Sterner ........................... .. 290/44 X 1,315,595 9/1919 Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

1.571.303 2/1926 Schafran ...................... .. 290/44 3,621,930 11/1971 Dutchak ......................... .. 290/5-5 X

Primary E.\'aminer-—J. D. Miller Assistant Examiner-Robert J. Hickey

[57] ABSTRACT In a wind turbine driven generator for the recharging

of batteries utilized as the power source for various vehicles, and particularly an automotive electrically driven vehicle, the mechanical combination wherein wind driven vanes of particular design are mounted to rotate about a vertical shaft disposed in or on the roof of the vehicle, said vanes being completely enclosed within a suitable housing of either rectangular or cir cular con?guration. When of rectangular shape the _ housing has at least four air current receiving open ings, one on each side, each of which do in turn serve as exhaust outlets depending on direction of predomi nant air pressure, and, when of circular con?guration, the housing has but one air current receiving vent, with that vent revolving to face the direction of any wind current by the impetus ofa wind vane on the top thereof. In either case the arrangement is such that the said wind driven vanes rotate while the vehicle is under way, or, if air currents are prevalent, even while the vehicle is not in motion, thus to drive a suitably mounted generator for more or less continuous re charge of the battery system. Said generator is mounted within the hub around which said vanes ro tate, and comprises a stationary stator, and rotating rotor, the latter being wind driven by the rotating vanes.


United States Patent [191 [11] 4,179,007 Howe [45] Dec. 18, 1979

[54] WIND OPERATED POWER GENERATING 3,878,913 4/1975 Lionts .......................... .. 1807/65 DD APPARATUS 4,039,849 8/1977 Mater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290/44

4,047,833 9/1977 Decker . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55

[76] Inventor: Robert R- Howe, 4229 Timber Valley 4,086,498 4/1978 Szoeke ................................. .. 290/55

Ct" Decatur’ Ga’ 30032 Primary Examiner—David M. Mitchell [21] App]. No.: 911,464 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Jones, Thomas & Askew

[22] Filed: Jun. 1, 1978 [57] ABSTRACT

[51] Int. Cl.2 ............................................ .. B60L 11/00 A Wind operated electrical power generating device [52] US. Cl. ........................ .. 180/65 DD; 290/55 mounted on a self-propelled vehicle comprises a wind [58] Field of Search ..................... .. 180/65 DD, 65 R; rotated rotor mounted on a ?ywheel and at least one

290/44, 55 generator which is powered by the rotating ?ywheel. _ The operative connection between the generator and

[56] References cued ?ywheel, in the preferred embodiment, comprises a US. PATENT DOCUMENTS wheel mounted on the generator shaft and tracking

1531370 3/1925 Beavers ' 290/55 within a continuous grooved channel formed in the 317131505 1/1973 Haan ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' "1.50/65 DD inner °r Outer Periphery 0f the ?ywheel

3,721,290 3/1973 Butler, Jr, . .......... .. 290/44

3,876,925 4/1975 Stoeckert ..................... .. 180/65 DD 15 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures

Sheet 1 of 3 4,179,007 U.S. Patent Dec. 1979

Sheet 2 of 3 US. Patent Dec. 18, 1979

Sheet 3 of 3 4,179,007 US. Patent Dec. 18, 1979

43 45 w/

US008454312B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,454,312 B2 Chen (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 4, 2013

(54) WIND POWER GENERATOR APPARATUS (56) References Cited

(75) Inventor: Shih-Hsiung Chen, Yongkang (TW) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS _ _ 3,876,925 A * 4/1975 Stoeckert ..................... .. 415/4.4

(73) Asslgnee: Jetpro Technology, Inc., Ta1nan County 6,030,173 A * 2/2000 Bacchiocchi “ 415/98 (TW) 2004/0115039 Al* 6/2004 Botros et a1. ................ .. 415/101

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 726 days.

(21) Appl.No.: 12/729,390

(22) Filed: Mar. 23, 2010


US 2011/0254278 A1 Oct. 20, 2011


Jun. 16, 2009 (TW) ............................. .. 98210746 U

(51) Int. C]. F 03D 3/04 (2006.01)

(52) US. Cl. USPC ............................ .. 416/55; 415/102; 415/905

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search USPC ............ .. 416/55; 415/101, 102, 93, 205, 120,

415/68, 66, 95, 94, 224, 224.5 See application ?le for complete search history.

* cited by examiner

Primary Examiner * Richard Edgar

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm *Chun-Ming Shih; HDLS IPR Services

(57) ABSTRACT

A Wind poWer generator apparatus includes a housing (10) having a chamber (11), a Wind generator set (20) in the cham ber (11) and a Wind collector (30) coupled to the Wind gen erator set (20). The Wind generator set (20) includes a base (21) ?xed in the housing (10), a generator (22) mounted on the base (21) and a blade Wheel (23) coupled to the generator (22). The Wind generator set (20) can be installed in a vehicle (50) for generating electric poWer during driving. The poWer generated by the Wind generator set (20) can be stored orused to charge the vehicle (50).



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(54) VEHICULAR POWER GENERATION DEVICE Publication Classi?cation

_ _ _ (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventor: Jimmy Tassln, St. Louis, MO (US) 360K 16/00 (200601)

(52) US. Cl. ................................................... .. ISO/65.31 Correspondence Address: L.C. BEGIN & ASSOCIATES, PLLC (57) ABSTRACT 510 HIGHLAND AVENUE’ PMB 403 One embodiment of a vehicular poWer generating device for MILFORD, MI 48381 (Us) providing electrical poWer to the vehicle includes an air chan

nel for ducting air Within a vehicular compartment and directs (21) Appl. No.: 12/557,998 the air toWards a housing. The housing includes a rotatably

attached Wheel that rotates When the directed air comes in (22) Filed. sep_ 11, 2009 contact With vanes of the Wheel. The Wheel is further attached

to a generator that rotates conjointly With the Wheel. The . . generator creates electrical energy, Which provides electrical

Related U's' Apphcatlon Data poWer for producing vehicle’s motivational force. The gen

(60) Provisional application NO_ 61 /194,859, ?led on Oct erator also supplies electricity to various electrical compo 1,2008.

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