book of hajj from summarized fiqh of shaykh fawzan

8/8/2019 Book of Hajj From Summarized Fiqh of Shaykh Fawzan

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V:HAJJ


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I


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CHAPTER

The Obligation ofHajj(Pilgrimage)

Hajj (Pilgrimage) is considered onc of the pillars and major acts of Islam;Allah. Exalted be He, says:

" .. And {duel to Allah from the prople i . a pilgrimog


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v, llAJJAll this confirms that Ha)) is an obligatory act of worship and whoever

does not believe in it is uniformly agreed to be a disbel iever.Allah, Exalted be He. commanded Hi, Intimate, Prophet Ibrah lm(Abraham), saying:

" .And proclaim to t h JUople the Hajj (pilgrimag/ ..(Qurln: AI -liajj: 27)

Moreover, .AI; Ibn Ab" rillib (may Allah be pleased with him) narratedthat the Prophet (PBUH) said:

"Whoever has the provision and the riding an imal (or means)thM can cnrry him 10 the House ojAllah (i.e. the Ka 'bah) and hedoes not perjorm Iiaj), rilell it does 110 maller ifhe dies as a few ora Christian." '(A marfu' (traceable) J.adill, reluted by At Ti rmidhiand other compilersofHadirh, and d""med ",Ilia (anthentic) al50 by At"J"irmidhij

The Prophet (PBUH) also said:"Isklm is based 011 five (pillars): (i) lestifying tirat there j j no deitybllt AI/ah and that Mub.mmnad is the Messenger oj Allah: (ii)perjormil1g the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully andpe rjectly; (W) I'ayi'lg (iv) observingfasting dur;'Ig th e monthojRm",l!!.dl1; (v) perjormingUa)) (i,e. Pilgrimage)jor those who canafford it."

The phrase "who ((In afford it" implies a condition On whom Uajj is obligatory; that one must have enough provisions and means oftransportation to travel to Mecca and return back to one', folk ..

The reason why Allah decreed Hajj is shown in the following ver"","That m"y wUn". . , i.e. aI/end} Mnefiu for Ihemut""s andmention Ihe N"me of AI/"h 0" k"own [i.e. specific! da)" 0...,'whal Ht has provided for Ihem of {sacrificial/ animals ..n

{Qur'1n: Al-Hajj: 28}Allah continues:

nTh." Id tll.", end their untidin" . and fulfill th"'r vow. "nd/'trform tawtlf' arou"d the Anden l House.n(Qur'in: AI-Hajj: 29)


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0uf"


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nor n'e n travel" Upon that, tht Prophet (PBUH) said le him:'Perform li.jj 'Ummh 011 of your

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(Related by the Fi," Compile",ofHadith and (authentic)by At Tirmidhl)

According to the aoove, it is obligatory for a Muslim 10 p"rform Hajj and.Urnrah once in a lifetime; th e Prophet (PBUH) said:

'Perform Jiajj only once, and whOt'ver performs it more tha n thOl,it is a voluntary ac t for him."'

In Muslim (Muslims Authentic Book ofHadith), il is narrated on theauthority of Ab" HlIrayrah thal the Prophtt (PBUH) $.id:

0 people! Allah has made JJpjj obligatory for you, so puform Hajj."VpOH Ihat, a man asked, "(Is it to be performed) every year?" TheProphet (PBUH) answered, "If I were to say 'Yes: it would becomeobligatory (for you to perform it every year) and you would not beable to do it: '

A Mmlim, male Or fe male, must p"rforrn tht obligatory Hajj as SOOn asone is able 10, and whoever def.", il without a legal excuse is deemed sinful,for the Prophet (PBUH) said:

"Ma ke lume to (perform the obligation of) Hajj,for the o"e ofyoudoes nol know what mighl ajj!ict him:"(Related by Imam Ahmad)

There a e five co ndit ions that must be fu I lUed as prcrcq u sitesofperforming11ajj: 10 be a Muslim, to be sane, to have reached puberty, to be fre


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Clupl


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V'iJJ4U"A womall fTfJm (11,e lriw of) Khalh 'am SQid, "0 Messellger ofAllah! The obligalion of Hajj tlljoillM by Allah Iuu !>ome due011 my farher tllld he iJ old alld weak, and he call1lOf si! firm on IhemOllnl (la Ira vel); may 1Hajj 011 his Whalp.' The Prophd(PBUH) ""plied, 'Y"-,)'Vu may.'n

Th e who on h(ohalfof another must have Hajj on his own irst, according to the following hlldith by Tbn'Abbb (may Allah with him):

"The PrDphtt (PBUH) heard a man saying talbiyah in Ihis way,'Hut 1 nm nl Your 0 Allah, on behalf of Shubrum"h:He (Ihe Prophet) asked, 'HaW!)'Vu performed Hnjj on )'Ou, OWnbehnlp.' The mnll said, 'No.' The Prophel (PBUH) said. 'PerformHnj} 011 your own bmnlf firsl, then ptrform il all ,"h"lf ofShubrum"h: - "(Related through a good chain oft ...nsminers and;s (.utIle-IItic ) by AI-Bayha'1i)

The one who performs Hajj on behalf of 3nothcr should be gi",n enoughmoney to cover the costs of the journey back al'd forth. However, he shouldby no means get (us in return for this and should neWr use it as amuns of earning money. H. who Hajj on behalf of another shouldbe doing this with the int.n tion of helping I Muslim brother or sister and alsoviliting Ihe House of Allah (the """bah) and the ncrt'd p r incls. Thu .. one'sperf"onnance of Hnjj on behalfof another should be intended for the Sake ofAllah, root for any worldly purpose. On Ihe other h and, ifHajj is performed inthl$ Wily in mum fo r money, thm it will be invalid.Endnotes

I At Tirmidht (R 11) 13/176).2 """f Cir


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Chapr 1: lh < ObIi&, rion of lJ.ajj (l' il 5rimag


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CHAPTER

Women's Hajj and Rulings onPerforming It on Someone's Behalfl:ifljj is pl"C'scribed for every Muslim, male or female, yet there are some

additional conditions for f:J.ajj Ihal are obligatory for women. A wOman mustbe accompanied by a maUr..." ' during/:iajj. I! is impermissible in religion fora woman to travel for l:iajj or anythingdse without a mauram, for the (PBUH) said:

i\. woman should not trove! except with a maJ-.lTllm, and ,.,,, manmay visit her except in the preswCl ofa mabram:'(Related by Imlm Ahmad with an authentic chain of transmitters)

I! is aloo narrated in the Two Sahihs that a man said to the Prophet (PBUH):'0 Messenger ofAllah! My wife is proceeding/or Hajj and I haveenlisted in the army for suchand-such a Thereupon, IheProphet (PBUH) said 1o him, "&1, and perfonn liajj with your wife.l


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V HAjj

MOre


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I perform liajj on her behaift' He replied, 'Yes, perform liajj on herbehalf Had there been a debt on yourmother. would you haw paidit or not? (If ye,) ,0 pay Allahs debt as He has more right to fu!fillHis debt (j.e. the obligation ofHojj): "

aforesaid badill' proves that anyone who dies befo ,", theobligation ofHajj, then his SOn or guardian should do it on hi . behalf or theyshould find someone to do il on his behalf. provided that the expenses oflhel:J.ajj journey is taken from his inheritance. Moreover, the guardian should alsopay the debts of the dead person; schola rs uniformly that the debt of aman should be taken OUl of his money. and sO should be any other f,nancial (such as tbe expen"'s of performing Hajj for him and the like).

According to another hadith, the I'rophet (PBUH) enjoined a womanwhose si ster vowed 10 Ha)) and died before fu lfilling it, to perform,Hojj on her behalf . Similarly, il was related in the Sunan ofAd -Daraqulni thathe (PBUH) enjoined a man father died before performing the obligationof liajj. to perform il on behalf of his father ' , That i. 10 say, th.re is not muchlegal between the obligation of a legislative origin and that whichvows tlpon himself; bolh have to be fulfilled, whelher il is enjoined by Ih ede


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".Endnotes

1 Manram, A wom,n" husband or .n y u"m.rriage.bl. kin "fh,,..2 Al-Bukh1ri (1862) .n d (1086, 1087), .n d Mwlim (1)41) and (1338).3 Al_Bukh1r1 (3006) [61 172 ] .nd Mwlim (3259) [S/llll.4 Al BukhM (1088) [2/7J(l[.nd Mu . lim (3255) [51111 ],5 Mu>!im (3257) 151112) .6 AlBukhM (1852) ]4/84)7 (6699) [I lm 1].8 Ad .D1''''lu!nl (25S6) 1112291_

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CHAPTER

Virtues ofHajj and ItsPreparations

Hajj has a magnificent vinue and a great reward. At -Tirmidhl narrated amarf(j ' {tmceable} aad/rh, which he deemed lab.ia (authentic), on the authorityof' Abdun.,h [bp Mas'iJd stating that the Proph..t (PBUH) said:

Perfon" Hajj and 'Umrah (UsseT Pilgrimage) making them followeach olller,for they remove poverty and sins as a blacksmiths bellowsremo",", impurities from iron, gcld, ""d And an acceptedp"jornlance c/Hajj gets no reWl>rd I",s than Paradise." '

it waS narrated in Sab.ib.AI-BukMri (AI-BukMrfs Authentic Bookof :ituiirh) that ' A:ishah (the Prophet's wif e) asked the Prophet (PBUH) saying:"We see that jiMd ' ;s the best of (good) deeds, ,(} should "' " no/ (aswomen) participate in jihlld?" He (PBUH) replied, "The best and themost lUpe,ior jihdd for women is the auepted perjDrmaMce (}jHajr'


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416 Y'iiAJJIt is important to point out that an accepted performance of iojj is that which

is perfe


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CHAPTER

Miqats' ofHajja"" times for l illjj. and certain siles for entering late

ofihnlm.The Fixed Times orHajj

The tima specified for liajj arc mentioned by Allah, Exalted be He, whenHe s.ap:

is {during} months, JO f lU made Hajjob/lgM",." "po" him"" [by tnUrlng the stalt of Ibr4m}.lite" , i . r ID k fo r him) n" 1U". , j relatio,,' and " " disobMitnu,,uI "" "Upllling ""ring HQjj..... (QUI'!n: AI-Baqarah: L 7)These months ShawmJ, DhIllQa dab. and the first ten days ofDM1-l:Iijjah. Themort, anyone woo enleTS the stale of ibnlm in tiles


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"The Sites for Enteri ng the State of lhrlim

They all' th e specific places which a pilgr im mu st not and headfo r Mecca without entering the state of ibnlm (a slate of ritual consecrationduring Ha Or Umrtlh) , declaring hi. intention to perform tilljj .Thes


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who dwell in places that are nnnr to Mecca than aforementionedplic", lar.l", for Hujj or ' U",mh from thei r places. A$memiontdabove. the residem. of Me cca. however. enter litr.l", for l:iajj from their ownnsidnlce. i.e. from place, at M...:ca itself; they do not to get ou t of Me


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v, JJltJJor of Iht or trying to find it out independently throughand estimallon, Thus, would have done utmo$t in thisr


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CHAPTER

How to Assume Ihram

Ibrdm of ritual cQnse


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v, lJ;1}}First: It is desirable to have a bath - washing the whole body - before ihnlm>

for Prophet (PBUH) used to do SO before assuming ihram'. This isalso bathing is a bener and more compreMnsiw way of cleaningand ridding oneself of undesired smd l. MOl"eOV


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with any other color provided it is traditionally men. The idtabehind this is to withdraw on. .df from luxury and to have the feelingof asubmissive servant ofAllah through wearing such humbledothing.Morem",r, such clothing always reminds one oft>eing in a stateof b.nlm.and thus one keeps alert and avoids committi ng the acts prohibitedduring ib.rnm. The clothing of iarnm reminds one of death, the shroudof dead people, and the Day of Resurrection, and so On and so forth. Inaddition. taking off sewn clothes before intending to assume ihrdm isan act of the SUllllah, but it is obligatory ait assuming ibnlm. So, if apilgrim intends assuming ib.mm while ,till wearing his ordinary sewndo thes. his ihrdm is considered valid, bUI he is then obliged to take suchdoth . off and put on the dothes of ihnlm.

By fulfilling the aforesaid prerequisites, a pilgrim is thus prep.red to be ina state of ihrJm, but such acts Ihemsdvrs a", not called i/lrdm as many peoplemistakenly believe; ib.mm meanS the intention of starting performing Ihe ritesofHajj or Umrah. Accordingly. a pilgrim is not conside",d in a slate of j/lrdmonce he takes off his sewn clothes and wears the afo",menlioned clothing ofihrdm without having the intention of starting performing the rites of l;1ajj or.Ummh. This is th e Prophet (PBUH) said:

"Indeed, (the correClrless and rewards of) deeds depend uponintentions . .As for praying befo", assuming ib.rnm, the more valid opinion is that thereis not a kind of prayer to be offered before ihrdm. However, if the time

of ihrdm coincides with an obligatory prayN, then a pilgrim is to performthe obligatory prayer first then assume i/Jrdm. To illustrate, it was narratedthat the Prophet (PBUH) assumed i/Jr


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V'lJ.AJJfrom there. They may also change their clothes the..., and wear the clothing ofib.rJm, while in fact nl! such issues are , by all mean s, baseless. Ra ther, Muslimsare just re


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Endnotes1 See; Majm" .ul-Paldw.l 12t>1n. 10111.2 AI-Tirmidh! (830) 131192].3 Muolim (2900) 1413711 ond (2941) 141404 14 Mu,lim (2929) 141 3921.5 AI Buxhlrt (1539) 1)149'1J and Mrnlim (2818) [41337 16 See: MajrnO 'ul-fuldwd [2(1107).7 AtTirmidhJ (830 ) 131 1931 .8 At Tirmidhi (819) [31181] ond An -Nw ' (2753) 131176 1.9 D.lw(td (1774) 12/25>11 and An Nod'l (2661 ) 13/1361_10 See: ZM"I-Ma'dd.


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CHAPTER

Acts Prohibited during Ihram

There are specific forbidden .cls that a pilgrim "hould avoid while being ina ,late of iurJm (a state of ritual conse.:ralion during Hajj or 'Umrah), Theseprohibited acts are nine:First: It is prohibited dunng inarm 10cut, ,have, pluck out, or remove any kindof haif from one", body without a legal excuse, for Allah, Exalled be He. sa)":

" . And


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Ch_pt.,6, Nu I'rohibitro dming f /znl", 429Third: A male mubrim is prohibited to cover his head, as the Prophet (PBUH)prohibMd wearing a turban, hood, or anything of kind wh ile being in aof ihnlm. In this regard, the great Muslim scholar Ibnul-Qayy im (mayAllah have on him) said:

"Then is COnSeJ15U5 that everything that touches the with thepurpose of coveriMg it, sllch as turban, a cap, a hat. or anythingelse. is prohibited (durhlg ibram)."

This is appli'able to a ll $ort, of head covers, be it somethi ng usual such a$ aturban or u nusual such as a paper, mu d, or a headband. A mub"im canseek shelter of a tent, a tree. or a house, for it was narrat.d that a tent waSpitched for the Prophet (PBVH) to take shelter therein while being in a stateof O n the other hand, it is permissible for a mubrim 10 use an umbrellafor shading. only when necessary. Likewise, it i$ permissible for a mullrim toride a car with a roof or carry his baggage hi$ head. provided not for thepurpose of co,,",ring the head.Fourth: It is also for a male muhrim 10 wear sewn dothes to covera ll or parts of the body. such as a sh irt, a turban, or a pair oftrousers. Similarl)'.it i, for a male mubrim to wear anything made exactly to fit a part of the body, such as shoes, or socks. It is narrated in theTwo that when the Prophet (PB V H) was what a mub,;m shouldwcar, he (PBUH)

"A m uIJrim should 'lOt wear a shirt, or a tllrban, or a hooded doa k,or a pair of rousers, or U dllth touched with 'wars' (a yellow good-smelled plant usedfor dyeing) or with saffron. nor (should he wear)khuffs (leather socks or shoes)."

Shaykhul-lsUm Ibn Ta ymiyah (may Allah have mercy On him) said:"The Prophet (PBUH) prohibited mubrims to wear shirts, hoodedcloaks. trousers. kJiuffs, ' or tu,bam. He (PIlUH) also forbade thunto cover t/ ,e head ofa male mubrim in cas< he died, ordered theman who assumed ihrclm while weariMg a jubbah ro take it off. So,wearing anylhing similar 10 a jubbah (on the pretext that it is not ajubbah) ;s regarded a.s a dishonest irlterpretation ofwhat the Prophet(PBUH) forbade, A mu/trim is also prohibited to wear somethirlgsimilar 10 a sh irt, be il with or without sleeyes. or neW or torn, Thesame prohibition applies 10 wearing a jubbah or a dook in wh o sesfeevs one passes OMts hands ..


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HO v, IJ.AJJIbn Taymiyah

This is the juristic ofnot wearillg 'sewn' dothlng whilebeing in state of Il.!rdm; Sew" dothing is any garment made to fit acerlll i" parr of he body_ Therejore , a "'''brim is lIot to allY thingsimilar to trousers, such III .il(Jr/s and the like."'

However, if a mullri", doe. not find a ,uitable pair of slippers, he may wearkuffs (leather socks or shoe,), Jnd jfh. does not find a suitable loindoth, hemay we.r a pair of trousers until he fmds a suitable one. Once the muhr;mfinds a proper loincloth, he must take off the trousers and wear it , as Prophet (PBUH) gave permission for muhr!",. Mount' Arafat towear trousers ;fthey do not find a loincloth' ,

As for a fem.le mubrim, she may wear wha tever he whikbeing in a state of ;lI.ram, for she must be covered well. Still, she is not allowedto wear a burqu' (Le" a veil covering the face and has two holes for the eyes topermit vision). $0, a female mutJrim is not to wear a " but she is to coverher face with other thing.! such as kloimJ, (a shawl-like doth covering thehead and shoulders) and a gown. Moreover, a female mull.rim should not weargloves to cover her hands, for the I'rophet (PBUH) said in the !radith rrlaledby and other compilers of Hadilh :

11. female mullrim must /lot wear a /I;qJb (a face-coveri,tg veil),I , _co"or must' ,e wear g Oyes,

In this connection, Ibnul-Qayyim (may Allah ha,-c mercy On him) said:"The Propllets prohibition (for female pilgrims) ofcovering their facesor wruri'lg gloves i"dicMes thm a womans fact is treated as a ma"sbody, not heild. A male mullrim is Mot to COW' his body with seWndoth.. specifically for certain parts of the body. Similarly, "muilrirn is Mot to coI"r her f"ce with a lpecifk face -cwer suchas a "iqfJb (a face -covering veil) or a burq" '. Howevtr, slleshouldCOverherself with veil (wlllch sloolI" only her face) and a gow" according'0 Ihe ",ore ""lid of i,e two i"dsric opinions j " ti,i , regard:"

The gloves m' specifically for the hands 10 protecllhem from cold.A female m,,/I,;m is primarily obliged to hid. her rom the eyes ofmen, and this is not through wcariog a b"'q" '. To illustrate, 'A';shah (mayAllah be pleased with her) narrated:

"Men would palS by,,, ",hm we accompanied Allah's Messenser(PRVH) wlii/e wc were i " tire stme of ardm (a state of come


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y,H.A]J" . But forbidden to you i. game from the land oS long.u you anill lire staft of ib,"m .." (Qur'an: Al -Ma'idah: 96)

That is to say. in a state of Iur,)m are forbidden to hunt Or kill gameanimals, or help in hunting or LihwiS(:, it is prohibited fora munrim to a ani",al which he hunted, which waS for him,or which he helped in hunting, as it wit! as a dead animal in thiscase, which is unlawful to Stilt it is not prohibilw for. mubrim to fishor animals from the sea, whether he hunts it or anyone does it for him, asAllah, be He, says:

o you is gamef.om the ua and itsfood . ."(Qur'an: Al -Ma'idah: 96)

On th e other hand, it is permissible for a mubrim 10 slaught", a domesticanimal such as chicken. sheep. and call1e, as they not ga",e animals. Amubdm isalso I"'rmilled to kill wild inedible animals, such as lions and tigers.for such Ihrealen people' lives.

Generally, if a mull,im has to do any of the acts prohibited during ib.rdmfor a legal he/she is permitw:l to do it. provided to slaughtera sacrificial animal in expiation, fo r Allah, Exalted He, says:

" .""d whotw. amo"g you is il l 0. h.u all ailment of the heod[maki"g mavi"g Ilece .a.y mu.t offer) a ralltom offastlng [threedoys] orcharityoacrifrce ... (Qur'an: AI Baqarah: 196)

Seventh : A is prohibited to marry ( ... being in a slate of Ibrdm) orarrange marriage of by guardianship, as Muslim related ontht authority of Tb n . Aff"n that the Prophet (PBUH) said:

"A mub.rim mU51 neither m""y himself. nor ",range marriageof another one.""

Eighth: A mullr;m is prohibitw to hav e sexual intercourse, for Allah, E tedbe He. says :

.. So wh""wr has made Hajj ablig"'ary u/XJn himsel f therein[by entering the slale of ihM"'), tlleu is [10 be for him "a .exual..."atio ..... (Qur'an: Al -Baqanh: 197)

10 Ihn 'Abbis. it refers 10 the activity of engaging in ""mal To clarify, if a man in a stale of ihram (i.e. a muhrimj has """ualwith his wife btfore the first release from Ibrdm, it will


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hi t Hajj. Vtt. ;1 ;s obIigatcwy for him to continue performing the ra!of Ihe ritcsofUajj, for Allah, Exalted be He, says:HAnd complde Ha)}


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Y't1.AJJHe (PBUH) also said in a mar/fr (traceabie) uadllh,"A sign of ones goo


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EndnotesI Mub.dm: n a "ate of , i'ual


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CHAPTER

Rites of Tarwiyah and, Arafah DaysUpon reaching th " sile fo r ibram (a state of ritual consecration during Hajj

or 'Umroh), a pilgrim dedares his intention to perform one of th ru \yp


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Iheir ib.r


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., v,WJ]only shortened at MinJ, i.e. performing each prayer at its due t ime for there isno need for combining them at Mina.

After a pilgrim performs the Z"hr and the "AIr Prayers. shortening andcombining them (for he is a1 . Arafah), he should spend the reSi of the dayremembering. invoking. glorifying, and praising Allah, seeking His forgiveness.and so On and sO forth. This is to b. done while a pilgrim is st icking to hisplace at . ATafah. In other words. a pilgrim does not have to go to the Mountof Ar-Rahmah. or to watch it , or even 10 face it, while performing suchsupplications: standing anywhere;)1 ' Arafah while facing the direction (If theKa 'bah is mfficien!.

A pilgrim should spa,e no effort supplicating Allah and turning to Himin repemance on such a glorious cla)', whether he is walking, sitting. riding.standing, or even lying down. He should also choose the mo,t comprehensive,upplicat ions that were reported to have been observed by the Prophet (PBUH).for he (PBUH) said:

"The best supplication is tile 0I1e on the Day of 'Arafa/t. and thebest thing which I and th prophets before me haye said is: 'Thereis no deity but Allah Alone, Who has no partner. To Him belongsdominion, and to Him belong, (all) praise. and He is oyer aI/thingsOmnipotent: ...

A pilgrim keeps supplicating Allah at 'Arafah until sunse!. It is irnp"r-missible to leave bt:fore sunset. and if a pilgrim does, he go back soonbefore sunset, to it there. However. if a pilgrim leaves' Arafah beforesunset and does nO! go back, he is then obliged to slaughter a shp of Hajj(o r 10 get one seventh of a camel or a cow) and divide it among the poorresidents of the Sanctuary of Mecca in expiation for missing an obligatoryritual of Hajj.

The Day of . Arafah starts from the noon of the ninth of Dhulfijjjahuntil the dawn oflhe tenth of Dhul' Hijjah (the Day of the feast of Sacrifice)according 10 Ihe sound opinion in Ihi' regard. As for a pilgrim who is presenta t ' Arafah at daytime. he i , obliged to stay there until sunset as we previouslysaid. But if someone arrives at 'Arafah at night. it is sufficient for him to staythere for any length of time. even if for only one moment, as the Prophet(PBUH) said,

"If anyone gets (i.e. stays at ) 'Arafah befort: the dawn (o f the tentho/DhulHij jah) breaks, then he has performed Hajj."'


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Slaying at 'Arafah is of obligatory fundamenta l ritua ls of /:iaJj ,and il is the most important and the greatest one as welJ, for Ihe Prophet(PBUH) said:

"Hajj is 'Arofah (i,e. slaying at 'Arafah is the mo st impartant ritualofHaJj."'

As for the place of tayi ng at . Arafah, a pilgrim may stand withinboundaries of ' Arafah, and this ritual is d remed invalid if one standsoutside them .

May Allah guide us all to the dreds and words He likes and pleases . Verily.He is the Hearing and the

Endnotes1 Mculim (294 1) 141402 ].2 Al -hukhlrt (1,26) 1314881and Mu,lim (2795) 141321]. :>:.Majma ' 1.F.:!,


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CHAPTER

Acts on Muzdalifah and Mina

When the sun sdson the Dayof' Arafah (the ninth ofDhu] -liijjah), pilgrimsleave' Arafah s..tting out for Muzdalifah calmly and tranquilly, for J1bi r (mayAllah leased with him) narraled:

H t (the Prophet) kept standing there (al 'Arafilh) until sUl1.Iet,when rheyellow light had somew/mr gone, and rhe di,. of lire ,unhad dioappeared. Ht (PBUH) then mounted Usllmalr behind /rim,and pulled Ihe reins of AI-Oa.!wll' (tire name of Iris she-camel) soforcefully That iTS head touched rhe saddle (in order 10 keep it under/ull control), and he (PBUH) pointed to the people with his righthand saying, '0 peopk! Be moderate (in 'peed)! Be moderate.!"

Thus. pilgrims must be in a state of tranquility and serenity while leaving'ATafah and heading for Mumalifah, avoiding jostling against thtir fdlowpilgrims, pushing them, or disturbing them with their CarS, A pilgrim shouldalso have mercy on the walking weak and old people al such. crowd. 11 is


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It is . n of the Su",oah (Prophetic Tr.dition) to spend the night atMuzdalifah .n d offer (he Fajr Prayer al its due time. After th.t, while slandingat MU1dalifah, a pilgrim keeps on supplicating Allah until the daylight spreads.Then, before sunrise, a pilgrim proceeds to Mina. As regards feeble I,ilgrims,such as old people, women, children and the like, " ' well as those who takeof them, they are allowed to head for Mina after midnight or when themoon disappears, instead of waiting (It Muzd.lifah until dawn. However,healthy pilgrims who do nO! have any weak people with them should notleave Mu?dalifah before offering the Flljr Prayer, and they should !tay untilthe daylight !prc3ds.

Spending the night at Muroalifah is one of the duties of Hajj. A pilgrimwho entns Muzdalifah before midnight must not leave before dawn. As for apilgrim who arrives there after midnight, it is sufficient for him to spend anylength of time there. Stili, it is much be11er in the latter case to stay unt il dawn,offering the Fajr (Dawn) Prayer and fo llowing il with supplicating Allah. IbnQudamah stated in his book entitled 'AI-M"gh"; ' (the S"fficient);

"There i, no I,arm m, tl,e one Wl10 arrivf5 at Muzdalifah in thesecond I'aifof rile "ighr, a"d rhe previOI'S n,ling ",IlW performiag them)."'So, leaving Muzdalifah (and heading for Mina) afler midnight is permiss ible

only for those who have legal excuses, as ind icated in Afterwards, a pilgrim heads for Min. shortly before sunrise (of the tenth

ofDhulHijjah, i.e. the Day of Sac rifice), as 'Umar IbnulKhanab (may Allahbe pleasm with him) said,"The polytheists did not "se to depMt (from lam', i.e. M"zdalifah)u"fiI the 5un had rise", and they wed to say, 'Let rhe sun shine OIl


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, . v, llAJIyou, 0 n.tlbir(a mountain ill MC(l which Q\If'rlooksMuvlaliftlh),SO DJ 1o us tkpart: Therifort. the Prophet (PBUN) , ,,nlTrildidMthem and departi'J (from Muulaliftlh) ht/OTt: lunriM.

Pilgrims sllould in a state of tran qui! j,y and bul they Jss \hroogh valley called Baln Muhnsir, they should go faster, I! isprefer.lble ror a pilgrim to pick up the pebbles, with whi ch he intends 10 dothe ri tual of stoning. while h. is 011 hi Sway to Still, it i. permissible ror ap ilg rim 10 pick them up from MUld al ifa h, Mind or dsewhere. as lbn .Abbb,(may Allah bf, with him) namled,

"In lilt morning of lhe Dlly of Jr.1- 'Aqabah (the day of throwingtire ,,/ Jamralu/ 'Aqabah). AlIahj MtJSengo (PBUH ) said10 me, 'Pidc up pebbles for me.' 1picknJ up SlWt'n pWbles for himDS klrgt ILl He (PBUH) lhen slllrUJ shabng Ihem. whilesllyi"g. 'You should th row pcbbln IlJ t (""lio"s) ht/Ort )'Ou ..ru;"td ofact$Siwntss in religion:

TI1US, pebhles should be as large as beans. bigger than chickpe as.It sho uld be noted th.t it is insufficient to USt other than small pebblesor to use stones fo r this purpose, for Ihe Prophet (I'BUH) used .mail pebbles(u large as bea ns) for stoning. So. we haw to follow in the Prophe!'s footsteps ,as he (PBUH) sa id:

U"rn )'Our ritu"lsfrom me me ptr/orming /hem)."Upon Inching Mini, which is bdwun the va ll..,. called Batn Muhassi r

and IWttTTllul. 'AqoUr .her midnight. It is also permissible


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.,for healthy pilgrims to delay stoning until midnight, yet it is not for them.

It is an acl of the SUrlnah to start throwing pebbles at Jamratul 'Aqabahas soon as a pilgrim arrives at and before doing anything dse, for it isregarded as. sign of greeting to Minl. On the other hand. it is desirable for apilgrim to utter takbir" upon throwing each pebbk saying:

0 Alial,! Make il an accepted Hajj ofOurS that serves


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Chap!


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"Ourwm,give u. iN ,"is "",rid{''Q' w"'dt 1,1OOd 4IU/;" t" tHen


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'"Mosque Of Al -Haram (the Sanctuary). It is an act of the Sunnan to recite tneSUf3 of AI-Kdfir(m (the Disbelievers)" in the first ",k'ah, and the Sura ofAI-Ikhlils. (Sincerily of in the second, and each to ",cited followingAI-FJ/juan (0," Opening Cllopler of the QuranJ. Afterwards, a pilgrim headstowards As-Safi! to perform S/l 'y (going between and A]Marwah).When a pilgrim first reaches As Safl he ascends it , says, Allahu-Akbcl1'" (i.e.Allah is the Greatest) thrice, and then

"Then: is no deity bul Allah A/o,.,c Who Ila$ 110 partner. To Himbelonss dominion, mid 10 Him bdongs (all) pmise; He gives lifeand causes death, and Ht is the Ever-Living Who never djCj; in HisHand is (all) good, and He is over all things

After that, a pilgrim descends the hill of and heads for Al -Marwahstarting the first round. While so doing, a pilgrim is to walk at a normal pacebut to jog when being between the two green marked posts, and then a pilgrimcontinues walking normally towards the hill of AI-Marwah. When a pilgrimreaches AI-Marwah, he ascends it and repeats what he has said on byso doing, the first round is complcted. Then, he de",ends Al -Marwah headingfor A.I.-Saf:l., ensuring wal king where walking is designated and jogging wherejogging is designated. The pilgrim continues this procedure unt il he completesseven rounds ending at AI-Marwah; go ing from to AI-Marwah is around and returning is another.Whileperforming'Q 'y (going between As-Safa andAI-Marwah), it isdesirablefor a pilgrim to be occupied with making supplications, rNO iting the Quril.n, andmentioning and remembering Allah. There is no particular supplication to bemade duringsa 'y, so one may make any supplication h. likos.

As for the conditions of the validity of sa 'y, they are as follows:I- Having the intention of performing sa "y2- Completing seven full rounds beginning from Ai -SaB and ending at

AI-Marwah3- Having performed lawcljbefore sa"y


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Endnotes1 ..../MUJI"d [mll.2 Mu slim.l Mw/im.4 801" Mu,h l " ; r. A ....1"'y bm.=n Mu4 lif.h and Mini.

v; /iAJ/

SAbO DlwlId (I'XI?) [m IS]. AnNaslt JI292I.nd too Mljah (3048) [3148ll.6 AI .Mu ghNI [51286[ .? Ab\) [)lwlld ( I[2134 11 AI Tirmidht [3/2891. An Na.n (3069) [3130 1]. andIhn M1Jm (30J7) [31479].8 Mullim (JI24) 151491 ond AnNasI! (3062) 1312981.9 AI llukhlr1 (16S4) 1310;711 and tbn M Ija" (:lO21) [314721 .

10 An NaJAl (:lO57) 1311961 and ' ' ' ' ' Mlpb (JOl9) U/ 4761.11 T ...blr: Sayin" AlldhllAkbGr" Al." ilt Gmt . . .12 AJ Bukh l .1 (4410) 181137) and Muslim (lUll) [515'1.U AJ llukhlr1 (1727) 1.JI708) ond Muslim (l l l1) Is/S51.14 1'J>(1 OIwOd (19114) 12Il1,AdD1raqUlllI (2040) (ZIll9I.lnd "" .1rim1 (1 88 2) [1/49J).IS AllluWrt (S391) 11 0/4281 and M ... rn (601) (21 1421 .16 Sa'1d too in A.-s."" .AbO Olwild (I 978) [2I.l4l[. and Adl)li,..lnl(2660) 12/W(.Ii AI l\ukMrt (1539) (314991 ond Mu>lim (ZaJl ) (" ':HO) ,IS AIBu kl1 i rt (8 J) [lIB7] .n d Mu.lim 1'143) [5159]. Mu.Hm (JlJ9) [5157 ].20 '1 . Y m1nl (th. Y m , ni) Corn." 11,. so ulll


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CHAPTER

Days of Tashriq'and Farewell Tawiif

completion oftheljddah (Going-Forth) Tawdf it is obligatory fora pilgrim to return W on th e Feast Day' and to spend lhe night there. asIbn ' Abbl\s (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated,

il.llahs Messenger (PBUH) did no/ granr anyone (of Ihe pilgrims)permission to spend the night at Mecca (during the nights ofMina)ucept for AI- 'AbM., as he used to provide ",Mer Jor the pilgrim.(10 Thus, a pilgrim is 10 spend the night of that day at Mina, remaining there

for three night.< i f he is not in a hurry. Otherwise, if a pilgrim is in a hurry,he may stay there only for two nights: the and the twdfth of Dhul-Hi;jah. At that time, a pilgrim is to shorten all th e prayers without combiningthem: each prayer is to bf, performed at its


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.,. v, i/IJ!A pilgrim has to throw pebbles at each of the three Jamrahs of Mirul on

each of the DaY' of Tashriq. Throwing pt:bbles is to be performed when thesun declines (i.e. at noon), as (may Allah M pleased with him) narrated:

"AlIahs MfSsenger (PBUH) threw pebbles on the Day of Sacrificea/ midmaming, and after that (i.t. On the deventh, twelfth, andthirteenth ofDhul-Hijjah) (he used to throw pebbles) when Ihe sunhad declined." '(Related by the Group of Compilers ofHadlth)

Moreovtr, Ibn 'Urnar (may Allah k plea",d with him) said,'We used /0 wail unlilthe sun dee/ined and then we would throwthe pebbles:'(Related by Al Bukhliri and Abii D1wi1d)

This shows that the Prophet and his Companions used to observe theappropriate time for throwing pebbles. 50 pilgrims should follow in theProphet's footsteps. as he (PBUH) said:

MLearn your rituals from me (by seeing me paforming thtm):Thus. the appropriate time for throwing pebbles on the thue Days ofTashriq (the eleventh. twelfth. and thirteenth of Dhu l-Hijjah) is after the Sundeclines; it is insufficient to throw the pebbles before that time; rather. we

should follow the example of the Prophet (PBUH) who said:your rituals from me (by 5ee;"g me performing them)."

All acts ofworship must be performed at the time specified by the Prophet(PBUH) in his Sutltwh . For example. prayer has specific times at which it is tobe performed; otherwise, it is impermissible. throwing the pebbleshas to be performed at the times specified by the Prophet (PBUH).

The gre.t Muslim scholar, Ibnul-Qayyim (may Allah have mercyon him). in his description of the Prophet's (PBUH) way of throwing pebblesas stated in the honorable Sunnah. said:

'The Prophet (PBUH) rrturned tQ Mincl after performing the IfcldahIawJf, and spem the nigl,t tl,ere. In the morning. he (PBUH) waiteduntil the sun declined ond then he took his camel, without ridingi t. ond heoded/or the First lamrah which is nexl to Ihe Mosque ofA/ Khayf, and began to ,lone it. He (PBUH) stoned it with Sevenconsecutivepebbles, saying. "AJllhu-Akbar (i.e. Allah is Ihe Grealtsl)


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upon throwing eMh pebble. Afler Ihat, he (PBUH) approoched i l(the First /amrah) until he became so near, and then he faced liteqiblah, mised his hands and kept supplicating AUah for quite a longtime approximately equivalent to the time taken 10 recile the Suraof AI-Baqarnh (the Cow/. Aflerwards, he (PBUH) moved towardsIhe Middle /amrah and sloned il in Ihe same way, Then, he movedleftwards near the "aUo/,faced Ihe qiblah, raised his hands, slayingalthe bol/om of the "alley and standing so that Ihe House (i,e, the/(a 'bah) wa s on hislFft and Minll on his right, and stoned the wstlamroh (JamralUl- 'Aqabah) with seven pebbles as well .. '

Ibnul-Qayyim ,After he (PBUH) had inished sloning (Ihe Last lamrah; lamratul-'Aqabah), he hurried back without stopping there to supplicate, Itwas said Ihal he did not stop there because of the huge throng ofpilgrirm, 11 wus also said, and this is the most valid opinion, Iha!the Prophet (PBUH) used to stop to make suppUcation during theaCI of worship itself (as he did a/ rhe First lamrah and the MiddleJamt'(lh), So, whell he finished staffing the Last lammh (/amra/u/.'Aqabah), he thus finuhed performing Ihe ac/ of worship, namelythrowing the pebbles (so he did no/ stop there /0 suppllUlte Allah),bea ring in mind that makingsupplication during an act ofworship isbetter than doing after finishing it, 1'his is just like the case ofmaki:ngsupplications during prayers; the Prophet (PBUH) used to makesuppliUltions during prayer itself. not after finishing it,- '

Thus, throwing the has to be in the following Apilgrim should staM with the Firstlamrah which is the nearest to andAl-Khayf Mosque, the one that follows it namely the Middk Jamrah,and finally the Last }amrah (famrallll .Aqabah, which is also called 'the Great}amrah' ), last of the three }amrahs nearest to Mecca, A pilgrim shouldthrow sev"n consecutive pdIbles at raising his hands upon eachthrow and saying, - AlMhu-Akbar" (i.e, Allah is the Greatest)_ n addit ion, eachpebble should be thrown into the throwing place (the fenced area surroundingthe pillar) whether it settles or not after falling inside; it is insufficient if apebble fa lls outside it, and another has to be thrown in compensation.

As for pilgrims who cannOt throw the pebbles themselves to sicknessor old age. as well as pregnant women and those women who might be harmedby the throng of p ilg rims, it is permissible for them to ask somrone else to


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V: flAJJIhrow OI l Iheir behalf. The one who performs sloning on behalfof another can throw Ihe pebbles for himsdf and for the other pilgrim at theSame place. In words, he is not obligated \0 stone all !amarhs firstly forhimself then return 10 the First !ammh to start stoning on behalf of the otherpilgrim. as this will ery difficult and exhausting to huge throngs;and Allah Kn ows best. If the One performing stoning by proxy is performingthe obligation ofHa]) for the first time, then, at each !amrah. h. has to throwhis own p"bbles before throwing those of the other pilgrim.

Having finished stoning on the twelfth of Dbul-Hijjah, a pilgrim is frueither to return to Mecca before suns.1 or to spend the night (of the twelfth ofDhul Hijjah) in and throw at the thr ee !nmrahs on the followingday, thirteenth, after the ,un declines (at noon). Yet, the choice isbetter, as Allah, Exal ted be He, says:

" . Then whot...,r ha.tell. (his il l two days thn-e I.110 . i l l UpOIl him; a"d whoever delays /untll the third] there i ." 0 .i" upo" him -far him who fta . . AIIDh .."

(Qur'an; Al -Baqarah: 203)On the twdfth of Dhul-Hijjah. if the sun sets while a pilgrim is still in

Min;\., Ihen h. must spend the night and do Ih. p


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Chap'


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v, tJ,AJJEndnotes

1 Th .. DaY' of AI ra.shriq: n.. d, tll< twelfth , and th . lhirtt.nlh of Dhul_Hijjah,i . . th . Ih"", daY' following the Day of Sacrifice.

2 The Day of Sacrifice ( '/dul-AJ/pl); Ih . [tnlh ofDhulHijjah)3 Ibn M10j ah (J.069) P/492).4 Muslim (3128) [5/52 ]. Abti Dlwiid (1971) [21340], A, Tirmidhl (894) [3/241]. An.

Nasi; (J06J) [3/29S]. and Ibn Mlojah (313(l5) (31485),5 AI Bukhlr t (1746) [3173 I1 and Abti D1wnd (19n) [213401 .6 The Iond of!he Qur'i.n.7 Su : "Zlodul-Ma 'U' I2I285j.8 Sa: "Zldul-Ma'dd" 12/2861.9 Al - BuU,irI (1755) [3/7381 and Mu,lim (3107) 10 Ahmad 1193


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CHAPTER

Sacrificial Animals (Hadyand Udhiyah)

Hady refers 10 a legally edible animal (such as a camel, a cow or a sheep)brought to the $. cl"


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v, l i / I j ]We h"vt "ppai"ted a rite {of stlcrificeJ that they may mmlio" IlKNameofAII"h over ...hal He has providtdfor Ihem of {socrifid


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AI -Barii' Ibn 'Azib (may Allah be plea=:! with him) narratM that the (PBUH) said:"Four (lypes of animals) are impermissible to be offered as

sacrifice: a one-eyed animal which lIas obviously lost the sightof"lie eye, a siCK allimal which i5 obviously sicK, a lame animalwllich obviously limps, and an allimal with a brokell leg and-'10 marrow.(Related by Ahii Oiiwiid and An Na&a'!)

According 10 most valid opinion, the optimum time for slaughteringa sacrificial animal, whether it is udiJiyah or hady offered by one Ha as tammaW', is during the frum after the Feast ('ld) Prayeruntil th e last of the Days of Tasllrlq. It is preferable for one to eat from thesacrificial animal one offers as uJib.iyah , Or hady in CaSe of performing Hajjas tammatu ' or its meat is divided as follow", one third for the owner.one third to be given as gifts, and one third to be given in charity, as Allah,Exalted be He, says:

"", S" eat of them ilnd!red the miscmble and po"r.H{Qur'an: AI -Hajj: 2S}

As for a pilgrim who is offering hady (in npiatian for missingany of the ""s


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." V: tJAJJEndnotes

1Mu .lim D in) ISm].2 AI TI rmid ht (1509) [4191[ ond Ibn Mijah D 147) [31s.! 1[.) AM lliwoo (2802) iJ/161 I. At Ti rmidhl (lSO I) i4/!SI. An N . . (4381) [4 /2-1. andloo Mtj .h 1314-4 ) 131539).

4 MliSIim (508'iI) 11111 .


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CHAPTER

'Aqiqah (Sacrificial Animalfor the Newborn)'Aqiqah is oftbe duties of a father toward his newborn child. It is theslaughtering of a sacrificial animal as a sign of gratefulness to AlJah, G lorifiedand Exalted be He, for granting one a child. Offering 'aqlqah is considered aconfirmed act of the Sunnah (Prophetic Tradition), 3$ the Prophet (PBUH)offered sacrificial animals as 'aqiqah when his grandsons AI'Has"n and Al-Husayn were born, as related by Ahi! D;\w(td and other compilers of Hadith',Also. the Prophet's honor"ble Companions and their followers used to offersacrificial animals as 'aqlqah for their newborn children.Some scholars are of the view that 'aqiqah is obligatory. for A' Hasannarrated on Ihe authority ofSamurah that Allahs Messenger (PBUH) said:

"Evrry (newborn) boy is pawntd by the offered for him." 'Im lm Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, in npla ining this said, here

man$ that (ifht dits as a baby) ht (an interadt with Allah in fawr cfltis partHts


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v, liAJJwho offered 'aqlqah On the occasion ofhis birth: Imam Ibnul-Qayyim said,"A child grows up good-natured and well-mannered if ''''liqah is offered on theoccasion ofhi:;/her birth:

According to the most va lid opinion in this connection, 'aqlqah is aconfirmed act of the Sunna!.. animal as 'aqlqahis much better than giving its value in charity,

'Aqiqah is a sign of he parents' gratitude to Allah for blessing themwith a newborn baby, It is also a means of drawing oneself near toAlmighty Allah, being charitable to the poor, an d spiritually ransomingthe newborn child,

Two equal ewes, with nearly the same age and shape, are to be sacr ificedas 'aqlqah for a newborn boy, whereas onc ewe is to be sacrificed for anewborn girl. Umm Korz AI -Ka' biyyah narrated that she had heard theProphet (PBUH) saying:

"Two equal ewes are 10 be sacrificed for the (newborn) boy and oneewe iJ 10 be sacrificedfor a (ne wborn) girl: '(Related by Ahmad and At-Tirmidh! who t (authentic) according to a baditll narrated by 'A'ishah)

The difference in the number of the sacrificial an imals offered as ' aqiqahfor males and females is due to the fact that a male's portion of inheritancein tslam is equal to that of two females, Moreover, the of a fatherwhom Allah grants a boy is usually much greater than the CaSe of beinggranted a girl; this is why 'oqiqali, which is offered as a sign of gratitude toAllah, is double ia case of a newborn hoy,

Regarding the time of offering 'aqlqa/r , it is preferable to be on theseventh day after the child's birth, However, it is permissible to offer itbefore Or after that day, [t i. also more preferable to name the child onthat day, as it is stated in the Sut/an and other books of HadUh that theProphet (PBUH) said:

is made for him (tIl e newborn baby) on Ihe seventh dayand he is to be named as well (on thal day)."'

Jt is permissible, however, to name the child on the day of hi51her birth,for some scholars maintain that this is more preponderant than naming thechild on seventh day ofhis/her birth,


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a..f' 11 : Ani .... fOr m. Nrwbom) ..,On tit( Ql:her hand, it is an ac t of theSunMn to give Ihe child agoodfor the Prop het (PBUH) !.aid:

"(On the Day of Resurrection,) you will be called by your nam&'land I>y your fathers names, so give yourselves good lIames."'(RelatM by Ab\! OdwM)

The Prophet (PBUH) likedgood rwnes. and foriNde giving names$Uggesting wor.ili.ipp ing OlMr than Allah ,' such as calling a child ". Abdul- (servant of the Ka 'bah), . Abdun-Nabl" (servant of the Proph et),W ' Abdul.Masih" (s


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V:HAJIcharity, just utllJiyah. Unl ike udhiyllh, it is insufficien t for people to shartin buying an animal and sac rifIce it a. They cannot, for amnple hare in onc ,ame! or one cow an d sacrifice it like the cue with uJlhiyah. Thilis be.:aus.e is "crifieed for a soul. so it cannot hared. Moreover.Mither the Prophet (PBUH) nor his Companionswere reported to have sharedin the animals offerrd "" ."'Iiqah.

I t i5 the duty of p,arents to bring up their children on mora l nluesand noble manners so as to grow up as virtuous men and women; anArab poet said:

The infam sums IOgroW upIn the way he was brought up,

When the children grow up. it is 50 difficult to change their charactersor natures. Many Ind ividuals are corrupt because of the way they werebrought up and the lack of moral guidance in Iheir childhood_ Therefore.child ren should be kepI away from gatherings and corru p t associates.Horn" should be a righteous, rel igious atmosphere for a child, for it is thefirst s-c hool in a child's life . Thus, parents should Spare their homes allmeans of corruption and viciousness, eS!",cial1y toda y, when the meanSof corruption are prevalent everywhere and fi ll up home$, except forthose sa feguarded by Allah's me rcy_So, parents shou ld beware of suchcorrupti"" means. and bring up their children On worshipping andobeying All ah, hono.ing their religion. appreciating the Qu r ':ln andloving it; the..., art the Irue means of achi",,;ng fel icity in bolh Ih is worldand the Hereafter.

In short, pan:nts or gua rdiaru Mou[d n:prcsent good ideal! for their chil-dren through their good manners, morals. habits. and ethics. May Allah gu id eul dlto what He likes and pica'.,.Endnotes

I AbO DlwOd (184 1) 11Itn[, An Nas&1 (4lJO) [4111161, and AI , TLtmidht ( 1 = ) [4199).2 Abol DiwOd (2837) 1),1175), AI' r ,nnidhJ (1526) WtO I I. A,, Nas&' (4231) [41186), andlb n Ml}ah (l (65) 1),1551) Ahmod (23910) [6131). AbO DlwiId (283S) llm41. At-llrmklh! (l517) 141961. An- (4227) lbn Mlojah


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book of hajj from summarized fiqh of shaykh fawzan

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