book iv oblicon

7/29/2019 BOOK IV Oblicon

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BOOK IV

OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS

Title. I. - OBLIGATIONS

CHAPTER 1GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1156. An obli!tion i" ! #$ri%i&!l ne&e""it' to i(e) to %o or not to %o. *n+

Art. 115,. Obli!tion" !ri"e ro/

*1+ L!0

*2+ Contr!&t"

*3+ 4$!"i-&ontr!&t"

*+ A&t" or oi""ion" $ni"7e% b' l!0 !n%

*5+ 4$!"i-%eli&t". *189:!+

Art. 1159. Obli!tion" %eri(e% ro l!0 !re not re"$e%. Onl' t7o"e e;re""l' %eterine% in t7i" Co%eor in "e&i!l l!0" !re %e!n%!ble) !n% "7!ll be re$l!te% b' t7e re&et" o t7e l!0 07i&7 e"t!bli"7e"t7e !n% !" to 07!t 7!" not been ore"een) b' t7e ro(i"ion" o t7i" BooVII) o t7i" BooVIII o t7i" Boo


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I t7e oblior %el!'") or 7!" roi"e% to %eli(er t7e "!e t7in to t0o or ore er"on" 07o %o not 7!(e

t7e "!e intere"t) 7e "7!ll be re"on"ible or !n' ort$ito$" e(ent $ntil 7e 7!" ee&te% t7e %eli(er'.

*18:6+

Art. 1166. T7e obli!tion to i(e ! %eterin!te t7in in&l$%e" t7!t o %eli(erin !ll it" !&&e""ion" !n%

!&&e""orie") e(en t7o$7 t7e' !' not 7!(e been entione%. *18:,!+

Art. 116,. I ! er"on oblie% to %o "oet7in !il" to %o it) t7e "!e "7!ll be e;e&$te% !t 7i" &o"t.

T7i" "!e r$le "7!ll be ob"er(e% i 7e %oe" it in &ontr!(ention o t7e tenor o t7e obli!tion. @$rt7erore)

it !' be %e&ree% t7!t 07!t 7!" been oorl' %one be $n%one. *18:9+

Art. 1169. 7en t7e obli!tion &on"i"t" in not %oin) !n% t7e oblior %oe" 07!t 7!" been orbi%%en 7i) it

"7!ll !l"o be $n%one !t 7i" e;en"e. *18::!+

Art. 116:. T7o"e oblie% to %eli(er or to %o "oet7in in&$r in %el!' ro t7e tie t7e obliee #$%i&i!ll'

or e;tr!#$%i&i!ll' %e!n%" ro t7e t7e $lillent o t7eir obli!tion.

Ho0e(er) t7e %e!n% b' t7e &re%itor "7!ll not be ne&e""!r' in or%er t7!t %el!' !' e;i"t/

*1+ 7en t7e obli!tion or t7e l!0 e;re""l' "o %e&l!re or

*2+ 7en ro t7e n!t$re !n% t7e &ir&$"t!n&e" o t7e obli!tion it !e!r" t7!t t7e %e"in!tion

o t7e tie 07en t7e t7in i" to be %eli(ere% or t7e "er(i&e i" to be ren%ere% 0!" ! &ontrollin

oti(e or t7e e"t!bli"7ent o t7e &ontr!&t or

*3+ 7en %e!n% 0o$l% be $"ele"") !" 07en t7e oblior 7!" ren%ere% it be'on% 7i" o0er to

eror.

In re&iro&!l obli!tion") neit7er !rt' in&$r" in %el!' i t7e ot7er %oe" not &ol' or i" not re!%' to&ol' in ! roer !nner 0it7 07!t i" in&$bent $on 7i. @ro t7e oent one o t7e !rtie" $lill"7i" obli!tion) %el!' b' t7e ot7er bein". *1188!+

Art. 11,8. T7o"e 07o in t7e eror!n&e o t7eir obli!tion" !re $ilt' o r!$%) nelien&e) or %el!') !n%t7o"e 07o in !n' !nner &ontr!(ene t7e tenor t7ereo) !re li!ble or %!!e". *1181+

Art. 11,1. Re"on"ibilit' !ri"in ro r!$% i" %e!n%!ble in !ll obli!tion". An' 0!i(er o !n !&tion or

$t$re r!$% i" (oi%. *1182!+

Art. 11,2. Re"on"ibilit' !ri"in ro nelien&e in t7e eror!n&e o e(er'


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Art. 11,6. T7e re&eit o t7e rin&i!l b' t7e &re%itor 0it7o$t re"er(!tion 0it7 re"e&t to t7e intere"t)

"7!ll i(e ri"e to t7e re"$tion t7!t "!i% intere"t 7!" been !i%.

T7e re&eit o ! l!ter in"t!llent o ! %ebt 0it7o$t re"er(!tion !" to rior in"t!llent") "7!ll li


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re&iro&!l re"t!tion" $on t7e !rtie") t7e r$it" !n% intere"t" %$rin t7e en%en&' o t7e &on%ition "7!l

be %eee% to 7!(e been $t$!ll' &oen"!te%. I t7e obli!tion i" $nil!ter!l) t7e %ebtor "7!l

!rori!te t7e r$it" !n% intere"t" re&ei(e%) $nle"" ro t7e n!t$re !n% &ir&$"t!n&e" o t7e obli!tion

it "7o$l% be inerre% t7!t t7e intention o t7e er"on &on"tit$tin t7e "!e 0!" %ierent.

In obli!tion" to %o !n% not to %o) t7e &o$rt" "7!ll %eterine) in e!&7 &!"e) t7e retro!&ti(e ee&t o t7e

&on%ition t7!t 7!" been &olie% 0it7. *1128+

Art. 1199. T7e &re%itor !') beore t7e $lillent o t7e &on%ition) brin t7e !rori!te !&tion" or t7e

re"er(!tion o 7i" ri7t.

T7e %ebtor !' re&o(er 07!t %$rin t7e "!e tie 7e 7!" !i% b' i"t!


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Art. 11:2. In &!"e bot7 !rtie" 7!(e &oitte% ! bre!&7 o t7e obli!tion) t7e li!bilit' o t7e ir"t inr!&tor

"7!ll be e=$it!bl' teere% b' t7e &o$rt". I it &!nnot be %eterine% 07i&7 o t7e !rtie" ir"t (iol!te%

t7e &ontr!&t) t7e "!e "7!ll be %eee% e;tin$i"7e%) !n% e!&7 "7!ll be!r 7i" o0n %!!e". *n+

SECTION 2. - Obli!tion" 0it7 ! Perio%

Art. 11:3. Obli!tion" or 07o"e $lillent ! %!' &ert!in 7!" been i;e%) "7!ll be %e!n%!ble onl' 07ent7!t %!' &oe".

Obli!tion" 0it7 ! re"ol$tor' erio% t!


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Art. 1288. T7e ri7t o &7oi&e belon" to t7e %ebtor) $nle"" it 7!" been e;re""l' r!nte% to t7e &re%itor.

T7e %ebtor "7!ll 7!(e no ri7t to &7oo"e t7o"e re"t!tion" 07i&7 !re io""ible) $nl!0$l or 07i&7 &o$l%

not 7!(e been t7e ob#e&t o t7e obli!tion. *1132+

Art. 1281. T7e &7oi&e "7!ll ro%$&e no ee&t e;&et ro t7e tie it 7!" been &o$ni&!te%. *1133+

Art. 1282. T7e %ebtor "7!ll lo"e t7e ri7t o &7oi&e 07en !on t7e re"t!tion" 07ereb' 7e i"

!ltern!ti(el' bo$n%) onl' one i" r!&ti&!ble. *113+

Art. 1283. I t7ro$7 t7e &re%itor" !&t" t7e %ebtor &!nnot !


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Art. 1289. I ro t7e l!0) or t7e n!t$re or t7e 0or%in o t7e obli!tion" to 07i&7 t7e re&e%in !rti&le

reer" t7e &ontr!r' %oe" not !e!r) t7e &re%it or %ebt "7!ll be re"$e% to be %i(i%e% into !" !n'

"7!re" !" t7ere !re &re%itor" or %ebtor") t7e &re%it" or %ebt" bein &on"i%ere% %i"tin&t ro one !not7er)

"$b#e&t to t7e R$le" o Co$rt o(ernin t7e $ltili&it' o "$it". *1139!+

Art. 128:. I t7e %i(i"ion i" io""ible) t7e ri7t o t7e &re%itor" !' be re#$%i&e% onl' b' t7eir &olle&ti(e

!&t") !n% t7e %ebt &!n be enor&e% onl' b' ro&ee%in !!in"t !ll t7e %ebtor". I one o t7e l!tter "7o$l%

be in"ol(ent) t7e ot7er" "7!ll not be li!ble or 7i" "7!re. *113:+

Art. 1218. T7e in%i(i"ibilit' o !n obli!tion %oe" not ne&e""!ril' i(e ri"e to "oli%!rit'. Nor %oe" "oli%!rit'o it"el il' in%i(i"ibilit'. *n+

Art. 1211. Soli%!rit' !' e;i"t !lt7o$7 t7e &re%itor" !n% t7e %ebtor" !' not be bo$n% in t7e "!e

!nner !n% b' t7e "!e erio%" !n% &on%ition". *118+

Art. 1212. E!&7 one o t7e "oli%!r' &re%itor" !' %o 07!te(er !' be $"e$l to t7e ot7er") b$t not

!n't7in 07i&7 !' be re#$%i&i!l to t7e l!tter. *111!+

Art. 1213. A "oli%!r' &re%itor &!nnot !""in 7i" ri7t" 0it7o$t t7e &on"ent o t7e ot7er". *n+

Art. 121. T7e %ebtor !' !' !n' one o t7e "oli%!r' &re%itor" b$t i !n' %e!n%) #$%i&i!l or

e;tr!#$%i&i!l) 7!" been !%e b' one o t7e) !'ent "7o$l% be !%e to 7i. *112!+

Art. 1215. No(!tion) &oen"!tion) &on$"ion or rei""ion o t7e %ebt) !%e b' !n' o t7e "oli%!r'

&re%itor" or 0it7 !n' o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor") "7!ll e;tin$i"7 t7e obli!tion) 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7e

ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 121:.

T7e &re%itor 07o !' 7!(e e;e&$te% !n' o t7e"e !&t") !" 0ell !" 7e 07o &olle&t" t7e %ebt) "7!ll be li!ble

to t7e ot7er" or t7e "7!re in t7e obli!tion &orre"on%in to t7e. *113+

Art. 1216. T7e &re%itor !' ro&ee% !!in"t !n' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" or "oe or !ll o t7e

"i$lt!neo$"l'. T7e %e!n% !%e !!in"t one o t7e "7!ll not be !n ob"t!&le to t7o"e 07i&7 !'

"$b"e=$entl' be %ire&te% !!in"t t7e ot7er") "o lon !" t7e %ebt 7!" not been $ll' &olle&te%. *11!+

Art. 121,. P!'ent !%e b' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" e;tin$i"7e" t7e obli!tion. I t0o or ore

"oli%!r' %ebtor" oer to !') t7e &re%itor !' &7oo"e 07i&7 oer to !&&et.

He 07o !%e t7e !'ent !' &l!i ro 7i" &o-%ebtor" onl' t7e "7!re 07i&7 &orre"on%" to e!&7) 0it7

t7e intere"t or t7e !'ent !lre!%' !%e. I t7e !'ent i" !%e beore t7e %ebt i" %$e) no intere"t or

t7e inter(enin erio% !' be %e!n%e%.

7en one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" &!nnot) be&!$"e o 7i" in"ol(en&') reib$r"e 7i" "7!re to t7e %ebtor

!'in t7e obli!tion) "$&7 "7!re "7!ll be borne b' !ll 7i" &o-%ebtor") in roortion to t7e %ebt o e!&7.

*115!+

Art. 1219. P!'ent b' ! "oli%!r' %ebtor "7!ll not entitle 7i to reib$r"eent ro 7i" &o-%ebtor" i "$&7!'ent i" !%e !ter t7e obli!tion 7!" re"&ribe% or be&oe ille!l. *n+

Art. 121:. T7e rei""ion !%e b' t7e &re%itor o t7e "7!re 07i&7 !e&t" one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" %oe"

not rele!"e t7e l!tter ro 7i" re"on"ibilit' to0!r%" t7e &o-%ebtor") in &!"e t7e %ebt 7!% been tot!ll'

!i% b' !n'one o t7e beore t7e rei""ion 0!" ee&te%. *116!+

Art. 1228. T7e rei""ion o t7e 07ole obli!tion) obt!ine% b' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor") %oe" not entitle

7i to reib$r"eent ro 7i" &o-%ebtor". *n+

Art. 1221. I t7e t7in 7!" been lo"t or i t7e re"t!tion 7!" be&oe io""ible 0it7o$t t7e !$lt o t7e

"oli%!r' %ebtor") t7e obli!tion "7!ll be e;tin$i"7e%.


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I t7ere 0!" !$lt on t7e !rt o !n' one o t7e) !ll "7!ll be re"on"ible to t7e &re%itor) or t7e ri&e !n%

t7e !'ent o %!!e" !n% intere"t) 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7eir !&tion !!in"t t7e $ilt' or nelient

%ebtor.

I t7ro$7 ! ort$ito$" e(ent) t7e t7in i" lo"t or t7e eror!n&e 7!" be&oe io""ible !ter one o t7e

"oli%!r' %ebtor" 7!" in&$rre% in %el!' t7ro$7 t7e #$%i&i!l or e;tr!#$%i&i!l %e!n% $on 7i b' t7e

&re%itor) t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e re&e%in !r!r!7 "7!ll !l'. *11,!+

Art. 1222. A "oli%!r' %ebtor !') in !&tion" ile% b' t7e &re%itor) !(!il 7i"el o !ll %een"e" 07i&7 !re

%eri(e% ro t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion !n% o t7o"e 07i&7 !re er"on!l to 7i) or ert!in to 7i" o0n"7!re. it7 re"e&t to t7o"e 07i&7 er"on!ll' belon to t7e ot7er") 7e !' !(!il 7i"el t7ereo onl' !"

re!r%" t7!t !rt o t7e %ebt or 07i&7 t7e l!tter !re re"on"ible. *119!+

SECTION 5. - Di(i"ible !n% In%i(i"ible Obli!tion"

Art. 1223. T7e %i(i"ibilit' or in%i(i"ibilit' o t7e t7in" t7!t !re t7e ob#e&t o obli!tion" in 07i&7 t7ere i"onl' one %ebtor !n% onl' one &re%itor %oe" not !lter or o%i' t7e ro(i"ion" o C7!ter 2 o t7i" Title.*11:+

Art. 122. A #oint in%i(i"ible obli!tion i(e" ri"e to in%enit' or %!!e" ro t7e tie !n'one o t7e

%ebtor" %oe" not &ol' 0it7 7i" $n%ert!


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Art. 122:. T7e #$%e "7!ll e=$it!bl' re%$&e t7e en!lt' 07en t7e rin&i!l obli!tion 7!" been !rtl' or

irre$l!rl' &olie% 0it7 b' t7e %ebtor. E(en i t7ere 7!" been no eror!n&e) t7e en!lt' !' !l"o be

re%$&e% b' t7e &o$rt" i it i" ini=$ito$" or $n&on"&ion!ble. *115!+

Art. 1238. T7e n$llit' o t7e en!l &l!$"e %oe" not &!rr' 0it7 it t7!t o t7e rin&i!l obli!tion.

T7e n$llit' o t7e rin&i!l obli!tion &!rrie" 0it7 it t7!t o t7e en!l &l!$"e. *1155+

CHAPTER E>TING?ISHENT O@ OBLIGATIONS

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1231. Obli!tion" !re e;tin$i"7e%/

*1+ B' !'ent or eror!n&e/

*2+ B' t7e lo"" o t7e t7in %$e/

*3+ B' t7e &on%on!tion or rei""ion o t7e %ebt

*+ B' t7e &on$"ion or erer o t7e ri7t" o &re%itor !n% %ebtor

*5+ B' &oen"!tion

*6+ B' no(!tion.

Ot7er &!$"e" o e;tin$i"7ent o obli!tion") "$&7 !" !nn$lent) re"&i""ion) $lillent o ! re"ol$tor'&on%ition) !n% re"&rition) !re o(erne% el"e07ere in t7i" Co%e. *1156!+

SECTION 1. - P!'ent or Peror!n&e

Art. 1232. P!'ent e!n" not onl' t7e %eli(er' o one' b$t !l"o t7e eror!n&e) in !n' ot7er !nner)o !n obli!tion. *n+

Art. 1233. A %ebt "7!ll not be $n%er"too% to 7!(e been !i% $nle"" t7e t7in or "er(i&e in 07i&7 t7e

obli!tion &on"i"t" 7!" been &oletel' %eli(ere% or ren%ere%) !" t7e &!"e !' be. *115,+

Art. 123. I t7e obli!tion 7!" been "$b"t!nti!ll' erore% in oo% !it7) t7e oblior !' re&o(er !"

t7o$7 t7ere 7!% been ! "tri&t !n% &olete $lillent) le"" %!!e" "$ere% b' t7e obliee. *n+

Art. 1235. 7en t7e obliee !&&et" t7e eror!n&e)


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Art. 123:. In obli!tion" to i(e) !'ent !%e b' one 07o %oe" not 7!(e t7e ree %i"o"!l o t7e t7in

%$e !n% &!!&it' to !lien!te it "7!ll not be (!li%) 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7e ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 12, $n%er

t7e Title on FNatural Obligations.F *1168!+

Art. 128. P!'ent "7!ll be !%e to t7e er"on in 07o"e !(or t7e obli!tion 7!" been &on"tit$te%) or 7i"

"$&&e""or in intere"t) or !n' er"on !$t7orie% to re&ei(e it. *1162!+

Art. 121. P!'ent to ! er"on 07o i" in&!!&it!te% to !%ini"ter 7i" roert' "7!ll be (!li% i 7e 7!"


11/26

In t7e e!ntie) t7e !&tion %eri(e% ro t7e oriin!l obli!tion "7!ll be 7el% in t7e !be'!n&e. *11,8+

Art. 1258. In &!"e !n e;tr!or%in!r' inl!tion or %el!tion o t7e &$rren&' "ti$l!te% "7o$l% "$er(ene) t7e

(!l$e o t7e &$rren&' !t t7e tie o t7e e"t!bli"7ent o t7e obli!tion "7!ll be t7e b!"i" o !'ent)

$nle"" t7ere i" !n !reeent to t7e &ontr!r'. *n+

Art. 1251. P!'ent "7!ll be !%e in t7e l!&e %e"in!te% in t7e obli!tion.

T7ere bein no e;re"" "ti$l!tion !n% i t7e $n%ert!


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*3+ 7en) 0it7o$t #$"t &!$"e) 7e re$"e" to i(e ! re&eit

*+ 7en t0o or ore er"on" &l!i t7e "!e ri7t to &olle&t

*5+ 7en t7e title o t7e obli!tion 7!" been lo"t. *11,6!+

Art. 125,. In or%er t7!t t7e &on"in!tion o t7e t7in %$e !' rele!"e t7e oblior) it $"t ir"t be!nno$n&e% to t7e er"on" intere"te% in t7e $lillent o t7e obli!tion.

T7e &on"in!tion "7!ll be inee&t$!l i it i" not !%e "tri&tl' in &on"on!n&e 0it7 t7e ro(i"ion" 07i&7

re$l!te !'ent. *11,,+

Art. 1259. Con"in!tion "7!ll be !%e b' %eo"itin t7e t7in" %$e !t t7e %i"o"!l o #$%i&i!l !$t7orit')

beore 07o t7e ten%er o !'ent "7!ll be ro(e%) in ! roer &!"e) !n% t7e !nno$n&eent o t7e

&on"in!tion in ot7er &!"e".

T7e &on"in!tion 7!(in been !%e) t7e intere"te% !rtie" "7!ll !l"o be notiie% t7ereo. *11,9+

Art. 125:. T7e e;en"e" o &on"in!tion) 07en roerl' !%e) "7!ll be &7!re% !!in"t t7e &re%itor.

*11,9+

Art. 1268. On&e t7e &on"in!tion 7!" been %$l' !%e) t7e %ebtor !' !"< t7e #$%e to or%er t7e

&!n&ell!tion o t7e obli!tion.

Beore t7e &re%itor 7!" !&&ete% t7e &on"in!tion) or beore ! #$%i&i!l %e&l!r!tion t7!t t7e &on"in!tion

7!" been roerl' !%e) t7e %ebtor !' 0it7%r!0 t7e t7in or t7e "$ %eo"ite%) !llo0in t7e obli!tion

to re!in in or&e. *1198+

Art. 1261. I) t7e &on"in!tion 7!(in been !%e) t7e &re%itor "7o$l% !$t7orie t7e %ebtor to 0it7%r!0

t7e "!e) 7e "7!ll lo"e e(er' reeren&e 07i&7 7e !' 7!(e o(er t7e t7in. T7e &o-%ebtor") $!r!ntor"

!n% "$retie" "7!ll be rele!"e%. *1191!+

SECTION 2. - Lo"" o t7e T7in D$e

Art. 1262. An obli!tion 07i&7 &on"i"t" in t7e %eli(er' o ! %eterin!te t7in "7!ll be e;tin$i"7e% i it"7o$l% be lo"t or %e"tro'e% 0it7o$t t7e !$lt o t7e %ebtor) !n% beore 7e 7!" in&$rre% in %el!'.

7en b' l!0 or "ti$l!tion) t7e oblior i" li!ble e(en or ort$ito$" e(ent") t7e lo"" o t7e t7in %oe" not

e;tin$i"7 t7e obli!tion) !n% 7e "7!ll be re"on"ible or %!!e". T7e "!e r$le !lie" 07en t7e

n!t$re o t7e obli!tion re=$ire" t7e !""$tion o ri"


13/26

Art. 126,. 7en t7e "er(i&e 7!" be&oe "o %ii&$lt !" to be !nie"tl' be'on% t7e &ontel!tion o t7e

!rtie") t7e oblior !' !l"o be rele!"e% t7erero) in 07ole or in !rt. *n+

Art. 1269. 7en t7e %ebt o ! t7in &ert!in !n% %eterin!te ro&ee%" ro ! &riin!l oen"e) t7e %ebtor

"7!ll not be e;ete% ro t7e !'ent o it" ri&e) 07!te(er !' be t7e &!$"e or t7e lo"") $nle"" t7e

t7in 7!(in been oere% b' 7i to t7e er"on 07o "7o$l% re&ei(e it) t7e l!tter re$"e% 0it7o$t

#$"tii&!tion to !&&et it. *1195+

Art. 126:. T7e obli!tion 7!(in been e;tin$i"7e% b' t7e lo"" o t7e t7in) t7e &re%itor "7!ll 7!(e !ll t7e

ri7t" o !&tion 07i&7 t7e %ebtor !' 7!(e !!in"t t7ir% er"on" b' re!"on o t7e lo"". *1196+

SECTION 3. - Con%on!tion or Rei""ion o t7e Debt

Art. 12,8. Con%on!tion or rei""ion i" e""enti!ll' r!t$ito$") !n% re=$ire" t7e !&&et!n&e b' t7e oblior.It !' be !%e e;re""l' or ilie%l'.

One !n% t7e ot7er


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*1+ T7!t e!&7 one o t7e oblior" be bo$n% rin&i!ll') !n% t7!t 7e be !t t7e "!e tie ! rin&i!l

&re%itor o t7e ot7er

*2+ T7!t bot7 %ebt" &on"i"t in ! "$ o one') or i t7e t7in" %$e !re &on"$!ble) t7e' be o t7e

"!e


15/26

%ebtor" !re not !0!re o t7e &oen"!tion. *1282!+

SECTION 6. - No(!tion

Art. 12:1. Obli!tion" !' be o%iie% b'/

*1+ C7!nin t7eir ob#e&t or rin&i!l &on%ition"

*2+ S$b"tit$tin t7e er"on o t7e %ebtor

*3+ S$bro!tin ! t7ir% er"on in t7e ri7t" o t7e &re%itor. *1283+

Art. 12:2. In or%er t7!t !n obli!tion !' be e;tin$i"7e% b' !not7er 07i&7 "$b"tit$te t7e "!e) it i"ier!ti(e t7!t it be "o %e&l!re% in $ne=$i(o&!l ter") or t7!t t7e ol% !n% t7e ne0 obli!tion" be on e(er'oint in&o!tible 0it7 e!&7 ot7er. *128+

Art. 12:3. No(!tion 07i&7 &on"i"t" in "$b"tit$tin ! ne0 %ebtor in t7e l!&e o t7e oriin!l one) !' be

!%e e(en 0it7o$t t7e


16/26

*3+ 7en) e(en 0it7o$t t7e


17/26

Art. 1315. Contr!&t" !re ere&te% b' ere &on"ent) !n% ro t7!t oent t7e !rtie" !re bo$n% not onl'

to t7e $lillent o 07!t 7!" been e;re""l' "ti$l!te% b$t !l"o to !ll t7e &on"e=$en&e" 07i&7) !&&or%in

to t7eir n!t$re) !' be in


18/26

Art. 132,. T7e ollo0in &!nnot i(e &on"ent to ! &ontr!&t/

*1+ ?ne!n&i!te% inor"

*2+ In"!ne or %eente% er"on") !n% %e!-$te" 07o %o not


19/26

Art. 133:. @!il$re to %i"&lo"e !&t") 07en t7ere i" ! %$t' to re(e!l t7e) !" 07en t7e !rtie" !re bo$n% b'

&oni%enti!l rel!tion") &on"tit$te" r!$%. *n+

Art. 138. T7e $"$!l e;!er!tion" in tr!%e) 07en t7e ot7er !rt' 7!% !n oort$nit' to


20/26

Art. 1353. T7e "t!teent o ! !l"e &!$"e in &ontr!&t" "7!ll ren%er t7e (oi%) i it "7o$l% not be ro(e%

t7!t t7e' 0ere o$n%e% $on !not7er &!$"e 07i&7 i" tr$e !n% l!0$l. *12,6+

Art. 135. Alt7o$7 t7e &!$"e i" not "t!te% in t7e &ontr!&t) it i" re"$e% t7!t it e;i"t" !n% i" l!0$l)

$nle"" t7e %ebtor ro(e" t7e &ontr!r'. *12,,+

Art. 1355. E;&et in &!"e" "e&iie% b' l!0) le"ion or in!%e=$!&' o &!$"e "7!ll not in(!li%!te ! &ontr!&t)

$nle"" t7ere 7!" been r!$%) i"t!


21/26

Art. 1362. I one !rt' 0!" i"t!


22/26

Art. 13,6. T7e $"!e or &$"to o t7e l!&e "7!ll be borne in in% in t7e interret!tion o t7e !bi$itie"

o ! &ontr!&t) !n% "7!ll ill t7e oi""ion o "ti$l!tion" 07i&7 !re or%in!ril' e"t!bli"7e%. *129,+

Art. 13,,. T7e interret!tion o ob"&$re 0or%" or "ti$l!tion" in ! &ontr!&t "7!ll not !(or t7e !rt' 07o

&!$"e% t7e ob"&$rit'. *1299+

Art. 13,9. 7en it i" !b"ol$tel' io""ible to "ettle %o$bt" b' t7e r$le" e"t!bli"7e% in t7e re&e%in

!rti&le") !n% t7e %o$bt" reer to in&i%ent!l &ir&$"t!n&e" o ! r!t$ito$" &ontr!&t) t7e le!"t tr!n"i""ion

o ri7t" !n% intere"t" "7!ll re(!il. I t7e &ontr!&t i" onero$") t7e %o$bt "7!ll be "ettle% in !(or o t7e

re!te"t re&iro&it' o intere"t".

I t7e %o$bt" !re &!"t $on t7e rin&i!l ob#e&t o t7e &ontr!&t in "$&7 ! 0!' t7!t it &!nnot be


23/26

Art. 1396. Re"&i""ion reerre% to in No". 1 !n% 2 o Arti&le 1391 "7!ll not t!


24/26

Art. 13:. R!tii&!tion !' be ee&te% b' t7e $!r%i!n o t7e in&!!&it!te% er"on. *n+

Art. 13:5. R!tii&!tion %oe" not re=$ire t7e &onorit' o t7e &ontr!&tin !rt' 07o 7!" no ri7t to brin

t7e !&tion or !nn$lent. *1312+

Art. 13:6. R!tii&!tion &le!n"e" t7e &ontr!&t ro !ll it" %ee&t" ro t7e oent it 0!" &on"tit$te%.

*1313+

Art. 13:,. T7e !&tion or t7e !nn$lent o &ontr!&t" !' be in"tit$te% b' !ll 07o !re t7ereb' oblie%

rin&i!ll' or "$b"i%i!ril'. Ho0e(er) er"on" 07o !re &!!ble &!nnot !llee t7e in&!!&it' o t7o"e 0it7

07o t7e' &ontr!&te% nor &!n t7o"e 07o e;erte% intii%!tion) (iolen&e) or $n%$e inl$en&e) or elo'e%

r!$%) or &!$"e% i"t!


25/26

*&+ An !reeent !%e in &on"i%er!tion o !rri!e) ot7er t7!n ! $t$!l roi"e to

!rr'

*%+ An !reeent or t7e "!le o oo%") &7!ttel" or t7in" in !&tion) !t ! ri&e not le"" t7!n

i(e 7$n%re% e"o") $nle"" t7e b$'er !&&et !n% re&ei(e !rt o "$&7 oo%" !n% &7!ttel") or

t7e e(i%en&e") or "oe o t7e) o "$&7 t7in" in !&tion or !' !t t7e tie "oe !rt o t7e

$r&7!"e one' b$t 07en ! "!le i" !%e b' !$&tion !n% entr' i" !%e b' t7e !$&tioneer in

7i" "!le" boo ot7i" BooISTENT CONTRACTS

Art. 18:. T7e ollo0in &ontr!&t" !re ine;i"tent !n% (oi% ro t7e beinnin/

*1+ T7o"e 07o"e &!$"e) ob#e&t or $ro"e i" &ontr!r' to l!0) or!l") oo% &$"to") $bli& or%er or

$bli& oli&'

*2+ T7o"e 07i&7 !re !b"ol$tel' "i$l!te% or i&titio$"

*3+ T7o"e 07o"e &!$"e or ob#e&t %i% not e;i"t !t t7e tie o t7e tr!n"!&tion

*+ T7o"e 07o"e ob#e&t i" o$t"i%e t7e &oer&e o en

*5+ T7o"e 07i&7 &ontel!te !n io""ible "er(i&e

*6+ T7o"e 07ere t7e intention o t7e !rtie" rel!ti(e to t7e rin&i!l ob#e&t o t7e &ontr!&t &!nnot

be !"&ert!ine%

*,+ T7o"e e;re""l' ro7ibite% or %e&l!re% (oi% b' l!0.


26/26

T7e"e &ontr!&t" &!nnot be r!tiie%. Neit7er &!n t7e ri7t to "et $ t7e %een"e o ille!lit' be 0!i(e%.

Art. 118. T7e !&tion or %een"e or t7e %e&l!r!tion o t7e ine;i"ten&e o ! &ontr!&t %oe" not re"&ribe.

Art. 111. 7en t7e n$llit' ro&ee%" ro t7e ille!lit' o t7e &!$"e or ob#e&t o t7e &ontr!&t) !n% t7e !&t

&on"tit$te" ! &riin!l oen"e) bot7 !rtie" bein in !ri %eli&to) t7e' "7!ll 7!(e no !&tion !!in"t e!&7

ot7er) !n% bot7 "7!ll be ro"e&$te%. oreo(er) t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e Pen!l Co%e rel!ti(e to t7e %i"o"!l o

ee&t" or in"tr$ent" o ! &rie "7!ll be !li&!ble to t7e t7in" or t7e ri&e o t7e &ontr!&t.

T7i" r$le "7!ll be !li&!ble 07en onl' one o t7e !rtie" i" $ilt' b$t t7e inno&ent one !' &l!i 07!t

7e 7!" i(en) !n% "7!ll not be bo$n% to &ol' 0it7 7i" roi"e. *1385+

Art. 112. I t7e !&t in 07i&7 t7e $nl!0$l or orbi%%en &!$"e &on"i"t" %oe" not &on"tit$te ! &riin!l

oen"e) t7e ollo0in r$le" "7!ll be ob"er(e%/

*1+ 7en t7e !$lt i" on t7e !rt o bot7 &ontr!&tin !rtie") neit7er !' re&o(er 07!t 7e 7!"

i(en b' (irt$e o t7e &ontr!&t) or %e!n% t7e eror!n&e o t7e ot7er" $n%ert!

book iv oblicon

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