Book 1 Lesson NineBook 1 Lesson NineBook 1 Lesson NineBook 1 Lesson Nine

Text LearningText Learning

Text A The Discovery Text A The Discovery

of X-raysof X-rays

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• Wilhelm Conrad RontgeWilhelm Conrad Rontge• X-ray -- The Invisible Rays ProducinX-ray -- The Invisible Rays Producin

g Visible Picturesg Visible Pictures

Wilhelm Conrad RontgeWilhelm Conrad Rontge BBorn on March 27, 1845, died

on Feb. 10, 1923, Munich. German physicist who was a recipient of the first Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1901, for his discovery of X rays, which heralded the age of modern physics and revolutionized diagnostic medicine.

Wilhelm Conrad RontgeWilhelm Conrad Rontge

Text-related InformationText-related Information

Text-related InformationText-related Information

One century ago, Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovereOne century ago, Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovered the X-ray (called that because X meant they didn't knd the X-ray (called that because X meant they didn't know what it was) which began the use of energy to visuow what it was) which began the use of energy to visualize medical problems in patients. The subspecialty oalize medical problems in patients. The subspecialty of medicine which developed from this discovery is Radf medicine which developed from this discovery is Radiology. With X-rays both then and now, the rays themsiology. With X-rays both then and now, the rays themselves (a form of energy) are not visible with the eye. Anelves (a form of energy) are not visible with the eye. Another method or material must be used to convert the other method or material must be used to convert the information to a visible or useable form. X-rays typicallinformation to a visible or useable form. X-rays typically use film or screens combined with TV to make the stry use film or screens combined with TV to make the structures penetrated by Ray visible.uctures penetrated by Ray visible.

Word StudyWord Study Word StudyWord Study

account

In the magazine, Cook gives a colorful account of his first meeting with Hamilton.

The book gives a blow-by-blow account of how England lost to Portugal

Eye-witness accounts told of the unprovoked shooting of civilians.

This gives a first-hand account of the war.

Compare: My salary is paid into my bank account.

I've opened an account with Barclay's Bank.

affect and influence

Both mean to have an effect upon a person’s behaviour, thinking or feelings. Influence is to bring about a change in another’s actions or t

houghts by persuasion, example of action, often of an indirect sort:

Eg. Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, John

takes up the study of medicine.

influencing workers to produce more goods by

praising them and bettering their working conditions.

affect and influence

Affect means to have an effect on another’s feeling:

Eg. He is always deeply affected by Handel’s music.

Fear affects some people by making them

powerless to act.

Influence and affect may both be used of things that tend to respond to outside stimuli or actions. Influence is usually used in this sens

e of intangible forces, and affect of physical ones:

Eg. to influence public opinion through the press

to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer

affect may sometimes imply an undesirable reaction

Eg. Unusual exertion may affect the heart.

assign

assign somebody a task / role

Eg. I've been assigned the task of looking after the new students.

assign somebody to something

Eg. Jan's been assigned to the Asian Affairs Bureau.

assign somebody to do something

Eg. Madison was assigned to investigate a balloon accident.

assign somebody something

Eg. Assign each student a partner.

Pattern DrillsPattern Drills

blameblame 责备 责怪 责备 责怪Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death.The report blames poor safety standards for the accident.The police The police blamedblamed the explosion on terrorists. the explosion on terrorists. If it’s not Tom’s fault, why was I If it’s not Tom’s fault, why was I blamingblaming him? him?Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of blameblame..The policy is partly to The policy is partly to blame forblame for causing the worst unemployment in causing the worst unemployment in Europe.Europe.If their forces were not involved, then who is to If their forces were not involved, then who is to blameblame??blame something on somebody/something

One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me.The crash was blamed on pilot error.

Text LearningText Learning

externalexternal: : 外在的 外部的 外在的 外部的external walls / external debt / for external useexternal walls / external debt / for external use

Such events occur only when the external conditions are favorable.

internal: internal: 内在的 内部的 内在的 内部的

Text LearningText Learning

honour honour

• He was showered with honours-amang them an Oscar iHe was showered with honours-amang them an Oscar i

n 1950.n 1950.• Two American surgeons were last week honoured with Two American surgeons were last week honoured with

the 2006 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.the 2006 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.• Perhaps as it is so close to noon, you would do me the Perhaps as it is so close to noon, you would do me the

honour of having lunch with me.honour of having lunch with me.• Peter said he would be very honoured to be invited.Peter said he would be very honoured to be invited.• The Foundation is holding a dinner at the Museum of AThe Foundation is holding a dinner at the Museum of A

merican Art in honour of the opening of their new show.merican Art in honour of the opening of their new show.

Text LearningText Learning

relieverelieve

• This should save her from boredom and will also relieve This should save her from boredom and will also relieve

the pressure on you to keep her entertained.the pressure on you to keep her entertained.• The medicine can relieve her pain.The medicine can relieve her pain.

• A porter relieved her of the three large cases.A porter relieved her of the three large cases.• The officer involved was relieved of his duties because The officer involved was relieved of his duties because

he had violated strict guidelines.he had violated strict guidelines.

• At seven o’clock the night nurse came in toAt seven o’clock the night nurse came in to relieve relieve her. her.

顶班

depend on / upon

The length of time spent exercising depends on the sport you are training for.

The appropriate steps will vary depending upon the clinical circumstances.

disagree

He is tolerant of those who disagree with him.

Barr strongly disagreed with Kronfeld's statement.

disagree about/on/over

Experts disagree on how much the program will cost.

.

Text Learning

Background informationBackground informationRontgen, Wilhelm Conrad - born March 27, 1845, Lenne

p, Prussia [now Remscheid, Ger.] d. Feb. 10, 1923, Munich - German physicist who was a recipient of the first Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1901, for his discovery of X rays, which heralded the age of modern physics and revolutionized diagnostic medicine. In view of its uncertain nature, he called the phenomenon X-radiation, though it also became known as Rontgen radiation. He took the first X-ray photographs, of the interiors of metal objects and of the bones in his wife's hand.

make up experiment withbe to blame for put off prefer … to … fit togethergive somebody permission in honor of to do something go on to doprep. + relative clause come to realizehave something done invisible tofind out as well asget to by accidentdepend on

Translation

1.1. His mother asked him, “ where have you been His mother asked him, “ where have you been

the whole morning?”the whole morning?”

His mother asked him where he had been the His mother asked him where he had been the

whole morning.whole morning.

Translation Exercises, p172Translation Exercises, p172

2. Xiao Wang asked me, “ what shall I do?”2. Xiao Wang asked me, “ what shall I do?”

Xiao Wang asked me, “ what she Xiao Wang asked me, “ what she

should do?should do?

Translation Exercises, p172Translation Exercises, p172

3.3. Wang asked me, “ is there an English film Wang asked me, “ is there an English film

tonight?”tonight?” Wang asked me if there was an Wang asked me if there was an

English film that night.English film that night.

4. He asked the librarian, “ when is the 4. He asked the librarian, “ when is the

book due?”book due?”

He asked the librarian when the was due.He asked the librarian when the was due.

5.5.The chairman of the meeting said to him, “ Be The chairman of the meeting said to him, “ Be

brief, please. Come to the point.”brief, please. Come to the point.”

The chairman of the meeting told him The chairman of the meeting told him

to be brief and come to the point.”to be brief and come to the point.”

6. My friend said to me, “Come to my place on 6. My friend said to me, “Come to my place on

Sundays when you are free.”Sundays when you are free.”

My friend asked me to go to her place on Sundays My friend asked me to go to her place on Sundays

when I was free.when I was free.

Do as the Americans DoBe generous with your compliments. I wonder whether the Americans’ confidence has anything to do with all those compliments they give to each other all the time. Compliments are exchanged between parents and children, between husband and wife, between friends or acquaintances, on every achievement or advance, major or minor. On a daily basis, they tend to give compliments on others’ appearance. So be sure to be quick at finding out if anybody is wearing anything new or impressive and remember to say, “You look awfully smart in this new shirt!” or “I really like you jacket!” or “That bag looks real cool”. If you can’t find anything new, then you can simply say, “Hey, you look great today!” As a teacher, I have learned to give generous compliments to my students whenever they put a question to . I would say, “That’s a really good question” or “That’s an interesting point” before I proceed to explain or give an answer, although the question may be ridiculous or foolish sometimes. There are certainly a lot of other things I’ve learned and adjusted to here, but there are also things that know I will never be able to learn: shouting as a way of talking to your friends in the bar on Friday night, or driving at breakneck speed, winding down the windows of your car and playing rock’ n’ roll at full volume so as to deafen every passenger on the road.