Bones & Muscles

How many bones does the human skeleton contain?

206

Functions of the skeletal system

Give shape & support

Protect internal organs

Moves muscles

Form blood cells

Store calcium and phosphorous

Periosteum: soft, thin, covers and protects the bone

Compact Bone: Hard, outer surface. Can heal itself when broken

Spongy Bone: Porous, contains blood vessels, nerves

Marrow: manufactures red blood cells

Bone Cross Section

http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/fig81.jpg

http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/bone.htm

Skeletal System

is divided into

two parts

Axial Skeleton

Skull (protects the brain).

Ribs ( protect lungs, and heart).

Spinal column (houses and protects the spinal cord).

Appendicular Skeleton

Legs

Pelvis

Arms

Shoulders

Types of Joints

#5

Immovable

Skull

Pelvis

Types of Joints

Moveable

Ball & socket

Pivot

Hinge

Gliding

http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg

Types of Joints

•Ball and Socket

Joint

•Bone with a

rounded end that

fits into a cuplike

cavity on

another bone http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML

Ball & Socket: Shoulders and Hips(types)

(Functions)

Allows arms and hips to move in any direction

Can move in a full 360 degrees

Types of Joints

• Pivot Joint

•One bone

rotates in a ring

of another bone

that does not

move

http://www.funhousefilms.com/b-pivot2.jpg

Pivot Joints: First two neck vertebrae & joint beneath elbow(Types)

(Function)

Moves in a semicircle motion by twisting against each other

Types of Joints

http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML

•Hinge Joint

•Back-and-

forth

movement

like hinges

on a door

Hinged: Elbows & Knees(Types)

(Functions)

Move like hinges on a door

Limited movement

Can only swing back and forth

Type of Joints

http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML

•Gliding Joint

•One part

of a bone

slides over

another

bone

Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists, Ankles (Types)

(Functions)

Slide against each other in a gliding motion

Gives your wrists and ankles lots of freedom

Thumb and Fingers are Special

Own kind of joints

Fingers = Condyloid

Thumb = Saddle

Immoveable joints are located in the skull and pelvis.

http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpg

http://www.bio.psu.edu/

http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpg

http://www.bio.psu.edu/

http://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissue

Cardiac.jpg

http://www.bio.psu.edu/

http://www.bmb.psu.edu

How do muscles work

http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/

muscle.html

Muscle Fiber

Muscle

Myofibril

Inside a Muscle

http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/muscle/smooth1.jpg