bones and the skeletal system
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Bones and the Skeletal System. Advanced Biology 2013. Bones Cartilage Ligaments. Bones. Osseous Tissue (Connective tissue). Types of Bones. Long Bones Longer than they are wide Produce body movements Short Bones Equal in length and width Limited motion (Gliding) Flat Bones - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bones and the Skeletal System
Advanced Biology 2013
• Bones• Cartilage• Ligaments
Bones
• Osseous Tissue (Connective tissue)
Types of Bones• Long Bones
– Longer than they are wide– Produce body movements
• Short Bones– Equal in length and width– Limited motion (Gliding)
• Flat Bones– Enclose and protect soft organs– Provide area for muscle attachment
• Irregular Bones– Vertebrae, Sphenoid, Ethmoid
Long Bones
• Compact Bone (dense) – surrounds the medullary cavity which contains the bone marrow
• Spongy Bone (cancellous)- loosely organized form of bone tissue– Diaphysis-Shaft, provides leverage– Epiphysis-Expanded head, strengthens the joints
• Articular Cartilage-Where one bone meets another, Hyaline cartilage
Fig. 30-4
Cartilage
Spongy bone(contains redbone marrow)
Cartilage
Spongybone
Compactbone
CentralcavityYellowbone marrow
Bloodvessels
Fibrousconnectivetissue
Flat Bones
• 2 layers of compact bone which encloses a middle layer of spongy bone (dipole)
Bone Cells
• Osteogenic Cells- Bone producing cells• Osteoblasts-Bone forming cells• Osteocytes-Former osteoblasts-help pass
nutrients and chemical signals to each other• Osteoclasts-Bone dissolving cells, on bone
surface
Bone Marrow
• Red Marrow- Childhood, produces blood cells– In adults, Red marrow is only present in vertebrae,
ribs, sternum, and proximal heads of humerus and femur
• Yellow-Young-middle aged adults, fatty and no longer producing blood cells
• Gelatinous-Old age
SkeletonFig. 30-3a
Skull
ClavicleScapula
Shouldergirdle
SternumRibsHumerusVertebraRadiusUlnaPelvic girdleCarpals
PhalangesMetacarpals
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
TarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges
Fig. 30-3b
Intervertebraldiscs
Hipbone
7 cervicalvertebrae
12 thoracicvertebrae
5 lumbarvertebrae
SacrumCoccyx
Fractures
Healing of Fractures
• 1. Hematoma Formation-Clot• 2. Formation of granulation tissue• 3. Callus formation (4-6 weeks)• 4. Remodeling (3 months)
Joints
• Fibrous Joints- Sutures• Cartilaginous Joints- Vertebrae• Bony Joints- Mandible/frontal bone• Synovial Joints
– Ball and socket, Hinge, Saddle, Pivot, Gliding, and Condyloid