bones: an overview essentials of human anatomy & physiology pages 116 - 118 1

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Bones: An Overview Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Pages 116 - 118 1

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Bones: An Overview

Essentials of Human

Anatomy & Physiology

Pages 116 - 118

1

Functions of the Bones

http://www.quantummetta.co.uk/graphics/260/skeleton.jpg

2

Support

• form internal framework that supports and anchors all soft organs

• legs support trunk

• rib cage supports thoracic wall

http://www.ub.uit.no/baser/arkinord/data/media/378/kalvebakkbru01-med.jpg3

Protection

• Skull protects brain

• Vertebrae protects spinal cord

• Rib cage protects vital organs of thorax

http://www.biology-blog.com/images/blogs/10-2007/organic-armor-for-dogs.jpg4

Movement

• Skeletal muscles use the bones as levers to move the body and its parts.

http://www.inloughborough.com/cat/images/Martial%20Arts%20Clubs.jpg5

Storage

• Stores fat in internal cavities.

• Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

6

Blood Cell Formation• Hematopoiesis occurs within the marrow

cavities of certain bones.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8636.jpg

7

Types of Osseous Tissue

• Compact Bone– dense– Looks smooth– Homogeneous

• Spongy Bone– Composed of small needlelike pieces and lots

of open spaces

8

Compact & Spongy

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9

Classification of Bones

http://www.diacritic.org/blog/archives/images/calf_bones_1.jpg 10

Long Bones

• Typically longer than they are wide

• Have a shaft and heads at both ends

• Bones of limbs (except wrist and ankles)

• Mostly compact bones

11

12

Short Bones

• Generally cubed-shaped

• mostly spongy bone

• Bones of wrist and ankles

13

14

Flat Bones

• Thin, flattened, usually curved

• Two thin layers of compact sandwiching a layer of spongy

• Bones of skull, ribs, and sternum

15

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16

Irregular Bones

• Bones that do not fit any of the other categories

• Vertebrae and hip bones

http://www.arrowvale.worcs.sch.uk/sportscollege/images/sport/body/irregular.gif

http://www.shoppingtrolley.net/images/anatomy/pelvic-girdle.jpg17