Bond - Attraction within a molecule

Bonding forces - attractive forces outside and between

molecules

Solid - Strong attractive forces

Liquid - varied attractive forces depending on

compound

Gas - No real attractive forces

Hydrogen Bond

Attraction between molecules that have a Hydrogen connected to a F, O or N

Very strong attractive force – breaks pipes in the winter

Responsible for Surface Tension

HO

H

H O

H

HO

HH O

H

HO

H

-++

++

--

+ +H

OH

Surface Tension

Dipole Force

Attraction due to different electronegativities

H Cl+ - +-

+-+-+ - +-+-

+ -+ -

Dispersion Force

Produced from temporary dipoles

Si O Si O+ -

N HHH

..-

++

+

Solute

substance that is dissolved

usually less amount

Solvent

substance doing the dissolving

Concerning Solutions

Like things dissolve like things

Polar dissolves polar compounds

nonpolar dissolves nonpolar

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a

liquids vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric

pressure

Vapor Pressure

The partial pressure a gas exerts when in equilibrium with a liquid

Heat and Matter

• Heat is used by matter to either increase its temperature change state

• While changing state, the temperature of a substance remains constant

Heating Curve for Water

Phase Diagram for Water