Bombardment of Fort SumterBombardment of Fort SumterApril 1861April 1861

• Lincoln sent federal troops to SC to defend the fort

• His calling of troops meant war!

• Result: The Federal fort (now on Confederate land) fell to the South

The Battle of Bull Run The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)(Manassas)

•1st major battle of the Civil War ended in a victory for the Confederacy.•It became known as the First Battle of Bull Run because the following year a battle occurred at almost exactly the same site.•Approximately 35,000 troops were involved on each side.•The Union suffered about 2,900 casualties, •Confederate casualties were fewer than 2,000.•Union realized this was going to be a hard-fought war

11stst Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)July 1861July 1861

Battle of AntietamBattle of AntietamSeptember 1862September 1862

THE SOUTH ATTACKS!• The Confederate forces invaded the North.• The Union army learned of General Lee’s strategy.• the two armies met at Antietam Creek near

Sharpsburg, Maryland.• The Union forces had more than 75,000 troops, with

nearly 25,000 in reserve. The Confederate forces numbered about 40,000.

• By the day’s end, the Union casualties numbered more than 12,000. The Confederate casualties were nearly 14,000, more than a third of the entire army.

• The Battle of Antietam became the bloodiest day of the Civil War.

“Bloody Lane” at Antietam

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation ProclamationJanuary 1863January 1863

• Though the Battle of Antietam was a tie, it was not a major Union defeat

• Therefore, Antietam gave Lincoln the confidence to issue the Emancipation

• On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation.

• The Emancipation Proclamation freed all of the slaves in states under Confederate control.

• Made the abolition of slavery a Northern war goal• It promised that enslaved people would be free when the

North won the war.• Significant reaction came from Europe

– Europeans felt very strongly about ending slavery – The Proclamation ended any chance that French and British

would aid the Confederates.

African-Americans Join the Union ArmyAfrican-Americans Join the Union Army

• Early in the war, General Butler said that slaves captured by the Union army were contraband, property of one side seized by the other.

• The South claimed slaves were property, therefore the Union could consider them contraband, take ownership, and give them their freedom.

• Congress authorized Lincoln to accept African Americans into the military

• By 1865, nearly 180,000 African Americans had enlisted in the Union army.

• Many African Americans viewed the chance to fight against slavery as a milestone in their history.

Battle of GettysburgBattle of GettysburgJuly 1863July 1863

• Turning point of the War• Decisive Union Victory• Confederate General Pickett made a gutsy move

to charge the Union line• Confederates lost 1/3 of their troops• Why is it significant? Major Union victory on

Union soil and after Gettysburg, there were no more major Confederate victories!

• Europe was watching! What do you think I mean by that?

Battlefield at Gettysburg

Confederate and Union movement: Battle of

Gettysburg

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg AddressNovember 1863November 1863

• According to Lincoln’s address:– The War’s goal was to preserve a country

whose main dedication is “all men are created equal”

– America was ONE nation; not a collection of sovereign states

– Echoes of Declaration of Independence, especially with the opening phrase