Body OrganizationBody Organization

Anatomy vs. Physiology Anatomy vs. Physiology LT#1LT#1

Anatomy is the study of Anatomy is the study of structurestructure of of body parts & their relation to one body parts & their relation to one anotheranother

Physiology is the study of the Physiology is the study of the functionfunction of the body’s structural of the body’s structural machinerymachinery

Structure of an organ suits its Structure of an organ suits its functionfunction

AtomsAtoms

MoleculesMolecules

MacromoleculesMacromolecules

Cells w/organellesCells w/organelles

TissuesTissues

OrgansOrgans

Organ SystemsOrgan Systems

OrganismOrganism

LT#2

Levels of Organization – pg 2 Levels of Organization – pg 2 LT#2LT#2

Chemical – atoms combined to form Chemical – atoms combined to form moleculesmolecules

Cellular – cells are made of moleculesCellular – cells are made of molecules

Tissue – consists of similar types of Tissue – consists of similar types of cellscells

Organ – made up of different types of Organ – made up of different types of tissuestissues

Organ system – consists of different Organ system – consists of different organs that work closely togetherorgans that work closely together

Organism – made up of the organ Organism – made up of the organ systemssystems

Anatomical Position Anatomical Position LT#3LT#3

Standing erectStanding erect

Face forwardFace forward

Arms at the sidesArms at the sides

Palms and toes forwardPalms and toes forward

Planes of the body Planes of the body LT#3LT#3

Relative positions of the body Relative positions of the body LT#3LT#3

Superior / inferior Superior / inferior –which plane?–which plane?

Anterior / posterior Anterior / posterior –which plane?–which plane?

Medial / lateralMedial / lateral –which plane? –which plane?

Proximal / distal Proximal / distal –which plane?–which plane?

Superficial / deep Superficial / deep –which plane? –which plane?

Central / peripheral Central / peripheral –which plane?–which plane?

Regions of the body Regions of the body SQ5SQ5

Gross Anatomy = macroscopicGross Anatomy = macroscopic

AxialAxial – head, neck, trunk – head, neck, trunk

AppendicularAppendicular – limbs (arms & legs) – limbs (arms & legs)

Body cavities Body cavities LT#4LT#4Dorsal = 1Dorsal = 1– Cranial cavityCranial cavity– Spinal cavitySpinal cavity

Ventral = 2Ventral = 2– ThoracicThoracic

Pleural cavityPleural cavity

Pericardial cavityPericardial cavity

– AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvicAbdominalAbdominal

Pelvic Pelvic

Organs within body cavities Organs within body cavities LT#5LT#5

Dorsal / posterior – brain & spinal Dorsal / posterior – brain & spinal cordcord

Ventral / anterior – chest & abdomenVentral / anterior – chest & abdomen

Chest – thoracic cavity: heart & Chest – thoracic cavity: heart & lungslungs

Diaphram divides thorax / abdomenDiaphram divides thorax / abdomen

Abdominopelvic cavity – digestive Abdominopelvic cavity – digestive organs, kidneys, bladder, gonadsorgans, kidneys, bladder, gonads

Organ systems & associated organs Organ systems & associated organs LT#6LT#6

1)1)Integumentary sys Integumentary sys – skin, hair, nails, – skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glandssweat glands, sebaceous glands

2)2)Skeletal sys Skeletal sys – bones, cartilage, – bones, cartilage, ligaments, red & yellow marrowligaments, red & yellow marrow

3)3)Muscular sys Muscular sys – skeletal muscle, – skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac musclesmooth muscle, cardiac muscle

4)4)Nervous sys Nervous sys – brain, spinal cord, sense – brain, spinal cord, sense organsorgans

5)5)Endocrine sys Endocrine sys – hormone secreting – hormone secreting glands, like gonadsglands, like gonads

Organ systems & associated Organ systems & associated organs organs LT#6 LT#6 (continued)(continued)6)6) Circulatory sys Circulatory sys – heart, blood vessels, – heart, blood vessels,

lymphlymph7)7) Lymphatic sys Lymphatic sys – disease fighting = – disease fighting =

immune system immune system 8)8) Respiratory sys Respiratory sys – lungs, bronchial tubes– lungs, bronchial tubes9)9) Digestive sys Digestive sys – mouth (teeth, tongue, – mouth (teeth, tongue,

salivary glands), esophagus, stomach, salivary glands), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, colon, liver, gall bladder, pancreaspancreas

10)10)Reproductive sys Reproductive sys – gonads, external sex – gonads, external sex organsorgans

Functions of the organ systems Functions of the organ systems LT#7LT#7

1.1. Integumentary – protection, Integumentary – protection, temperature control, sensestemperature control, senses

2.2. Skeletal – support, protection, blood Skeletal – support, protection, blood production, mineral storageproduction, mineral storage

3.3. Muscular – movement, fight/flight Muscular – movement, fight/flight responseresponse

4.4. Nervous – perception, information Nervous – perception, information processing, responsesprocessing, responses

5.5. Endocrine – produces hormones to Endocrine – produces hormones to regulate all functionsregulate all functions

Functions of the organ Functions of the organ systems systems LT#7 LT#7 (continued)(continued)6.6. Circulatory – transport nutrients, Circulatory – transport nutrients,

eliminate wasteeliminate waste7.7. Lymphatic – disease fightingLymphatic – disease fighting8.8. Respiratory – oxygen in, carbon Respiratory – oxygen in, carbon

dioxide outdioxide out9.9. Digestive – receives & processes Digestive – receives & processes

nutrientsnutrients10.10.Reproductive – perpetuation of the Reproductive – perpetuation of the

speciesspecies

Homeostasis & how to maintain it Homeostasis & how to maintain it LT#8LT#8

Keeping the body’s internal Keeping the body’s internal environment fairly constant: environment fairly constant: [glucose 0.1%], pH 7.4, BP 120/80, [glucose 0.1%], pH 7.4, BP 120/80, temperature ~37 C (98.6 F)temperature ~37 C (98.6 F)

Negative feedback (fig 1.9 p 13)Negative feedback (fig 1.9 p 13)

Positive feedbackPositive feedback

Negative feedback – the output shuts off the original stimulus

e.g. regulation of blood glucose

Positive feedback – output exaggerates the original stimulus – e.g. regulation of blood clotting

Disease: Local vs. Systemic Disease: Local vs. Systemic LT#9LT#9

A breakdown in normal self-A breakdown in normal self-regulation – homeostasis fails!regulation – homeostasis fails!Local – restricted to a certain body Local – restricted to a certain body part (e.g. UTI – urinary tract part (e.g. UTI – urinary tract infection)infection)Systemic – entire body affected or at Systemic – entire body affected or at least several organ systemsleast several organ systemsAcute vs. chronic / sudden, short vs. Acute vs. chronic / sudden, short vs. less severe & longer durationless severe & longer duration

Name the 4 quadrants of the Name the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity. Divide it into the abdominopelvic cavity. Divide it into the 9 regions. 9 regions. SQ#7SQ#7

9 abdomminopelvic regions 9 abdomminopelvic regions SQ#7SQ#7

Organ donation – the application piece. Organ donation – the application piece. Please read the Medical Focus on p. 10.Please read the Medical Focus on p. 10.

Answer the following questionsAnswer the following questions– Why is organ donation fairly successful? Why is organ donation fairly successful?

(2 reasons)(2 reasons)– How many organs can be given from 1 How many organs can be given from 1

person?person?– What is problematic about organ What is problematic about organ

donation?donation?– What are the requirements for donation?What are the requirements for donation?– How are organs distributed?How are organs distributed?

Organ donation reflection Organ donation reflection (10pts)(10pts)

Write a brief reflection about how Write a brief reflection about how you feel about organ donation. you feel about organ donation. Would you do it? Have you done it Would you do it? Have you done it already?already?

What about the film What about the film 7 Pounds? 7 Pounds? Would you want to prescreen your donations?