body mechanics unit 103. objectives recognize principles of appropriate body mechanics, including...
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Body Mechanics
Unit 103
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Objectives
• Recognize principles of appropriate body mechanics, including safety, precautions, body alignment, and body mechanics.
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103.1Body Mechanics
• efficient use of body as a machine
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103.1Body Mechanics
• Efficient use of body as a machine• Purpose of good mechanics– promotes good musculoskeletal function– reduces required energy– promotes balance– promotes safety of patient and healthcare
worker
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Terms
• Alignment– having parts in proper
relationship to each other
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacro-coccygeal
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Terms
• Balance– steady position
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Terms
• Base of Support– area on which object
rests
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Terms
• Gravity– force that pulls object toward
center of the earth
• Center of gravity– area on which mass of object is
centered
• Line of Gravityvertical line that passes through center of gravity
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Terms
• Center of gravity and balance– for an object/person
to be in a stable position, the center of gravity must be above the base of support
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Posture• position of body• keep feet parallel,
flat on the floor, shoulder width apart
• bend knees slightly to avoid strain– act as shock
absorbers
GOOD BAD
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Proper Posture
• pull buttocks in and hold abdomen in, helps keep straight back
• hold chest up and slightly forward
• hold head erect with face forward and chin slightly in
GOOD BAD
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Body at Work• use longest & strongest
muscles (legs)to provide energy
• use internal girdle and make a long midriff to protect abdominal muscles
• keep feet apart for a wide base of support
• push, pull or roll objects when possible
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Body at Work• Bend at knees and hips, use leg muscles,
and keep back straight when lifting
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Body at Work
• Avoid twisting and stretching muscles
• Rest between periods of exertion
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Concepts of Moving a Patient or Object
• Friction– force that opposes
motion• Force
– energy required to accomplish movement
• Inertia– tendency of an object
at rest to stay at rest and an object in motion to remain in motion
Ouch!Ouch!
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Concepts of Movinga Patient or Object
• Muscle– produce forces that move levers
• Fulcrum– a fixed point about which a lever moves• example: elbow
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Concepts of Movinga Patient or Object
• Lever– any one bone or
associated joint that acts as simple machine so that force applied to one end tends to rotate the bone in opposite direction
Lever
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Principles of Body Mechanics
• USE MIND THEN YOUR MUSCLES– muscles act in groups to perform a function– large muscles fatigue less quickly– muscles are always slightly contracted– stability is greater with a wide base of
support, and low center of gravity– adjust work area (beds) to waist level when
possible
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Principles of Body Mechanics
– it is easier to push or pull than to lift– friction increases work, work on a smooth
surface– changes in activity or position decrease fatigue– use body weight and mechanical devices to
decrease effort to include rocking or leaning forward or back
– work close to object you are moving– avoid twisting your body
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Principles of body mechanics
• If lifting a heavy object ask for help.• Keep feet 12” apart when lifting.• Rules of good body mechanics apply to moving
objects and tranfering patients.
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Knowledge Assessment
• Define alignment and gravity.• Discuss center of gravity.• List considerations for a body at work.• List concepts of moving a patient or an object.