CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES AND SAFETY

PART-7

Prof. Md. Shafiul Bari, Ph.D

Department of Civil Engg., BUET

21ST March, 2013

By

The regulations stated in this part cover the constructional responsibilities and practices in building sites (Chapter -1);

Safe storing, stacking and handling of materials, equipments and other resources (Chapter -2);

It describes precautionary measures to be adopted to ensure the safety of public,environment & infrastructure, property, workmen, materials, services, plant and equipment(Chapter -3);.

CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES & SAFETY

CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES & SAFETY

The provisions of this part shall apply to all construction operations viz. erection, alteration, repair, removal or demolition of buildings and structures (Chapter -4);

It also covers guidelines relating to maintenance management, repairs, retrofitting and strengthening of buildings (Chapter 5)

CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES & SAFETY

Nothing herein contained shall be construed to nullify any rules, regulations, safety standards or those contained in the various act of the Government of Bangladesh, statutes governing the protection of the public or workers from any hazard involved in manufacturing, mining and other processes and operations which generate toxic gases, dust or other elements dangerous to the respiratory system, eye sight or health.

1.4 Planning

Construction planning aspects aim to identify and develop various stages of project execution on site which shall be consistent with the management considerations. Planning aspects evolve out of the objectives of project and requirements of the final completed constructed facility. These objectives can relate to the final constraints, cost considerations, quality standards, safety standards as well as both environmental and health considerations

1.4.1 Responsibilities

In a construction or demolition work, the terms of contract between the owner and the contractor, and between a consultant and the owner, shall be clearly defined and put in writing. These, however, will not absolve the owner from any of his responsibilities under the various provisions of this Code, and other applicable regulations and bye‐laws.

1.4.3 Temporary Construction

Plan, layout, design and specification of all temporary constructions, e.g. workers' shed, toilet, site store, site office, runway, trestle, foot bridge, guard shed etc., which are likely to interfere with right-of-way or utility services provided by various agencies, shall be submitted to the respective authorities for approval before commencement of any construction operation.

1.5.2 Professional Services and Responsibilities

The responsibility of professionals with regard to planning designing and supervision of building construction work, etc and that of the owner shall be in accordance with the relevant part of the Code and professional practice. Employment of trained workers shall be encouraged for building construction activity.

1.5.8 Permits

The owner of a building shall obtain permission from the Authority for the work to be undertaken in accordance with the provisions of the relevant part of this Code.Special permits shall be obtained from relevant authorities before commencement of a particular construction work for the following items and for any other item as decided by the Building Official:

1.5.8 Permits

storing materials on roads and sidewalks;

using water, electricity, gas, sewerage or other public utilities;

digging roads or interfering with the drainage system;

storing and handling of explosives; andaffecting any structure having historical association and antiquity.

Erection, alteration, renovation, remodeling, repairing, removal or demolition of a building or structure shall be conducted in a safe manner. Suitable protection for the general public and workers employed thereon shall be provided according to the various provisions of this Code.All existing and adjoining public and private property shall be protected from any damage due to construction operations. Whenever requested, site plans, construction details, and specification shall be submitted for review by the concerned agency.

Protection of Public and Workers

All equipment and safeguard required for the construction work such as temporary stair, ladder, ramp, scaffold, hoist, runway, barricade, chute, lift etc. shall be substantially constructed and erected so as not to create any unsafe situation for the workmen using them or the workmen and general public passing under, on or near them.

Protection of Public and Workers

Every walkway adjacent to a construction, demolition or excavation site shall be kept well-lighted at night. The outer edge of the occupied space of the street or footpath shall have red lights placed thereon which shall flash continuously day and night.Boards with caution signs, along with safety regulations and emergency instructions painted in bright colour, preferably red, shall be erected near the entry and in prominent places of the site.

Notices and Signs

General Requirements and Restrictions on Storage and Handling is given in Sec 2.1.1Manual Handling is given in Sec 2.1.2Protection against Fire is given in Sec 2.1.3

Sec 2.2 describes Storage Requirement by Classification of MaterialsClimatically Sensitive Materials in Sec 2.2.1Durable Materials in Sec 2.2.2Materials Vulnerable to Rough Handling in Sec 2.2.3

CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES & SAFETY

CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES & SAFETY

Inflammable and/or Fire-Sensitive Materials in Sec 2.2.4Hazardous Materials in Sec 2.2.5Loading and Unloading of Materials in Sec 2.5

The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the safety of life and property during construction /erection/alteration of various parts of a building or any other structures. Nothing stated herein shall be construed to nullify any rules, regulations, safety standards or statutes of the local authority, Corporations, or those contained in the various Acts of the Government of Bangladesh

Safety during Construction

The safety of personnel engaged in building construction shall be ensured through a well planned and well organized mechanism. For this, depending on the size and complexity of building construction project, safety committee shall be constituted to efficiently manage all safety related affairs. The site in-charge or his nominee of a senior rank shall head the committee and a safety officer shall act as Member Secretary.

Safety Management

The safety committee shall be organized a training program for the personals and workers to train up them about safety issues involved in the construction process and also organize meeting of the committee regularly. The safety committees shall deal with all the safety related issues through well structured agenda, in the meetings and all safety related measures installed at the site and implementation thereof shall be periodically reviewed.

Safety Management

Additional Safety Requirements For Erection Of Concrete Framed Structures (HighRise Buildings) is given in Sec 3.12Workmen working in any position where there is a falling hazard shall wear safety belts or other adequate protection shall be provided.

CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES & SAFETY

Chapter 5 Maintenance Management, Repairs,

Retrofitting and Strengthening of Buildings

• Maintenance management of building is the art of preserving over a long period what has been constructed. Whereas construction stage lasts for a short period, maintenance continues for comparatively very large period during the useful life of building. Inadequate or improper maintenance adversely affects the environment in which people work,

Chapter 5 Maintenance Management, Repairs,

Retrofitting and Strengthening of Buildings

• thus affecting the overall output and also the overall service life of the building. In the post construction stage the day to day maintenance or upkeep of the building shall certainly delay the decay of the building structure. Though the building shall be designed to be very durable it needs maintenance to keep it in good condition.

Any building (including its services) when built has certain objectives and during its total economic life, it has to be maintained. Maintenance is a continuous process requiring a close watch and taking immediate remedial action. It is largely governed by the quality of original construction. The owners, engineers, constructors, occupants and the maintenance agency are all deeply involved in this process and share a responsibility. Situation in which all these agencies merge into one is ideal and most satisfactory. .

Building Maintenance

All maintenance activities including any preliminary survey and inspection work require safe access and in some situations this will have to be specially designed. Maintenance policy, and maintenance costs, will be much influenced by ready or difficult access to the fabric and to building services. Special precautions and access provisions shall also need to be taken for roof work or for entry into confined spaces such as ducts or voids..

Access

Permanent accessibility measures shall be provided at the design stage only for all the areas for safe and proper maintenance. It is a matter on which those experienced in the case of the building can make an important contribution at design stage in the interest of acceptable maintenance costs. A wide variety of temporary access equipment shall appropriately be provided for maintenance work, ranging from ladders to scaffoldings or powered lift platforms.

Access Facilities

Wherever possible it is better to provide permanent access facilities such as fixed barriers, ladders, and stairways. When such permanent access facilities are provided necessary arrangement shall be included in maintenance plans for their regular inspection, maintenance and testing. All personnel employed for carrying out maintenance shall be provided with the necessary protective clothing and equipment and instructed in its use..

Access Facilities

When physical access is not possible in situations such as wall cavities, drains etc, inspections shall be made with the aid of closed circuit television or optical devices such as endoscopes.

Access Facilities

Regular inspections are actual part of the procedures for the maintenance of buildings. They are needed for a variety of purposes and each purpose requires a different approach if it is to be handled with maximum economy and efficiency. A more detailed inspection covering all parts of a building is needed to determine what work shall be included in cyclic and planned maintenance programme

Inspections

The buildings affected by earthquake may suffer both non-structural and structural damages. Nonstructural repairs may cover the damages to civil and electrical items including the services in the building. Repairs to non-structural components need to be taken up after the structural repairs are carried out. Care shall be taken about the connection details of architectural components to the main structural components to ensure their stability.

Repairs and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings

The main purpose of the seismic strengthening is to upgrade the seismic resistance of a damaged building while repairing so that it becomes safer under future earthquake occurrences. This work shall involve some of the following actions:a) Increasing the lateral strength in one or both directions by increasing column and wall areas or the number of walls and columns.b) Giving unity to the structure, by providing a proper connection between its resisting elements, in such a way that inertia forces

Seismic Strengthening (5.10.3)

generated by the vibration of the building can be transmitted to the members that have the ability to resist them. Typical important aspects are the connections between roofs or floors and walls, between intersecting walls and between walls and foundations.c) Eliminating features that are sources of weakness or that produce concentration of stresses in some members. Asymmetrical plan distribution of resisting members, abrupt changes of stiffness from one floor to the other, concentration of large masses and large

Seismic Strengthening

openings in walls without a proper peripheral reinforcement are examples of defects of this kind.d) Avoiding the possibility of brittle modes of failure by proper reinforcement and connection of resisting members.

Seismic Strengthening

Many existing buildings do not meet the seismic strength requirements of present earthquake codes due to original structural inadequacies and material degradation due to time or alterations carried out during use over the years. Their earthquake resistance can be upgraded to the level of the present day codes by appropriate seismic retrofitting techniques, such as mentioned in 5.10.3.

Seismic Retrofitting (5.10.4)

Many existing buildings do not meet the seismic strength requirements of present earthquake codes due to original structural inadequacies and material degradation due to time or alterations carried out during use over the years. Their earthquake resistance can be upgraded to the level of the present day codes by appropriate seismic retrofitting techniques, such as mentioned in 5.10.3.

Seismic Retrofitting (5.10.4)

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