[email protected] engr-11_lec-02_chp2_fomulate_design.ppt 1 bruce mayer, pe engineering-11:...
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[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt1
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
Engineering 11
DefiningDesign Prob
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt2
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Recall the Design-ProcessFormulating
Problem
GeneratingAlternatives
AnalyzingAlternatives
EvaluatingAlternatives
ReDesignIteration
What, Exactly, is a “Design Problem”
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt3
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Engineering Design Problems
Engineering Designs Generally Fall into Two Broad Categories• Remedial• New Product
Remedial Problems• There is a Clearly Identified Issue with An
Existing Product or System – A Solution is Needed NOW– Basically IMPROVEMENT or Trouble-Shooting
e.g., Toyota Gas Pedal Recall
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt4
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
NewProduct Design Problems
Generally a “Clean Sheet” Process Requirements Specified Quite Broadly Require The Maximum Application of
Engineering Capability• Creativity • Quantitative & Graphical Skill• Teamwork• Application of Science & Mathematics
See also: http://www.asa3.org/ASA/education/think/intro.htm
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt5
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Types of Design Problems
Remedial
CURRENT ProductDoes NOT Work
Describe as“Product Deficiency”
Tightly FocusedEngineering Design
New Product
CURRENT ProductDoes NOT Exist
Describe as“Product Opportunity”
Open-EndedEngineering Design
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt6
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
What is a “Product”
One Definition of a “Product” ≡ An item that is purchased & used as a UNIT
Some Examples of Products
Cell Phone Brick Coffee Maker Propane Blow Torch Oil Tanker UV MicroScope
WhiteBoard Marker Milling Machine Door Stop Peeled Potato Sorter F22 Fighter Jet Digital OscilloScope
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt7
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Anatomy of a Designed Product
Component ≡ A identifiable “piece”, or SubSet of a larger System or Object
The Classes of Components that Comprise the Design of a typcial Physical (touchable) Object• Parts
– A “Part” is typically a MonoLithic Object that canNOT be NonDestructively DisAssembled
• SubAssembly– Comprised of “Parts”, can be DisAssembled
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt8
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Anatomy of a Designed Product
Two Classes of Parts • Purchased, or Standard Parts
– Typically SELECTED from a CATALOG– Also called “Off the Shelf” parts
• Designed, or Special-Purpose Parts (a.k.a., “Piece Parts”)– Designed for a Specific-Need– Typically “Fabricated” from “BluePrint(s)”– May Become a Standard Part if it has a
broad market; it then enters the “Catalog”
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt9
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Exam
ple S
tand
ard P
art(M
cMaster-C
arr)
Catalog Orderin
g Number
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt10
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Anatomy of a Designed Product
Similarly Two Classes of SubAssys • Purchased, or Standard SubAssys
– Typically SELECTED from a CATALOG– Also called “Off the Shelf” assemblies
• Designed, or Special-Purpose SubAssy– Designed for a Specific-Need– Typically Special and/or Standard Parts
“Assembled” (Put ToGether) from “BluePrint(s)”– May Become a Standard SubAssy if it has a
broad market; it then enters the “Catalog”
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt11
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Exam
ple S
td S
ub
Assy
(Grain
ger In
sdu
strial)
Catalog Orderin
g Number
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt12
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Design (De)Composition
During the Case Study we saw how the “chunks” of the design could be broken-down or “DeComposed” in Categories• Purchased/Standard Catalog-Parts• Designed Piece-Parts• Purchased/Standard SubAssys• Designed SubAssys
– ThemSelves “composed” of Standard & Designed Catalog/Piece Parts
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt13
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Reverse Engineering
The first step in Analyzing an Existing Design is the DeComposition of the “chunks” that comprise the design.
Example: “Simple” Carrot Grater & Chipper
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Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
DeCompose Grater/Chipper
Designed SubAssy
Purchased SubAssy
Designed PiecePart
Purchased CatalogPart
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt15
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Process/Manufacturing Plants
Engineers also Design Process & Manufacturing Plants” (Usually called “Factories”)
Plants themselves are usually not regarded as “Products”; instead they PRODUCE Products
Plants are LARGE systems that take Inputs and Add Value to Make or Produce a Product
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt16
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Plant Examples
The inputs to Almost ALL plants• Raw or Partially Finished MATERIAL• ENERGY- typically Electrical or Thermal• Human LABOR
Examples• Pickle Factory
– Main Materials: Cucumbers, Water, Salt, Spices
• Automobile – Extremely Sophisticated• Gasoline Refinery – Matl is Crude Oil
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt17
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Plant Design
Plants are almost always “Custom”• i.e.; they are “One-of-a-Kind”
Plant Design Engineers Use Slightly Different Terminology than do Product Design Engineers
Product Designers• Sub ASSEMBLIES• PARTS
Plant Designer• Sub SYSTEMS• EQUIPMENT
– a.k.a. (Machine) Tools
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt18
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
PLA Plant Design by M. Quemada
See also http://online.chabotcollege.edu/bmayer/ChabotEngineeringCourses/ENGR-10_Into_to_Engrng/E10_Guest_Speakers/MQuemada_Chabot_ENGR10_Fa08.ppt
PLA (Poly Lactic Acid, derived from corn) is a nano-composite biodegradable material • It is free of
synthetic resin and degrades completely in the natural environment.
• PLA provides similar properties to Nylon, PS, PP, & PE
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Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Space Heater DecompositionElectricalSpace Heater
Fan
Blade Assy
Motor
Enclosure
Housing
Guard Screen
ElectricalControls
Fan Switch
HeaterSwitch
TipOver Switch
Power Cord
HeatingElement
CeramicBackPlate
NiChromeWire
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Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
DeComp Diagram Utility
Understand the interaction between components
Consider standard parts versus special purpose parts (buy vs. make)
Divide the design problem into separate sub-problems; i.e., identify decisions.
Analyze the Strengths & Weaknesses of existing Designs for products or processing/manufacturing plants
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt21
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Types of Engineering Design
ReDesign modifying the “form” Selection Design choosing
from existing standard parts/subassemblies
Variant Design modifying existing part or subassembly, but keeping original concept
Adaptive Design adapting known solution to new task
Original Design new concept, part/product never existed before
Easier
Harder
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt22
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
NOT Engineering Design
Artistic Design “Curb Appeal”• “Industrial Designers” are the “Architects”
of Engineered-Product Design– Determine QUALITATIVELY the FORM (size &
shape) and FEEL (color & texture) but Do NOT Apply Science & Math
Tinkering to work in the manner of a tinkerer; especially: to repair, adjust, or work with something in an unskilled or experimental manner (No Sci/Math)
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt23
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Ind
ustrial D
esign
No
No
.s (few an
yway)
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt24
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Type of Design by Phases
Detail Design
Parametric Design
ConfigurationDesign
Detail Design
Parametric Design
Detail Design
Formulation
Concept Design
Detail Design
Parametric Design
ConfigurationDesign
variant design
selection design
originaldesign
adaptivedesign
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt25
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Summary Products and Process-Plants have an
anatomy of components Components include parts & subassemblies Process-Plant components include systems
and equipment Components can be standard or
special purpose Component decomposition diagrams can be
very useful Types of design include: original, variant,
selection, adaptive, redesign Artistic-Design & Tinkering are not really
Engineering design
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt26
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
All Done for Today
CCAMathClass
MATHS200 Mathematical Ideas
Mathematical ideas have always influenced societies, and artists are often among the first to explore and express their meanings and implications. This course presents a variety of mathematical ideas from across cultures and times, particularly those that are still useful to artists, craftspeople, architects, and designers, from the mathematics of nature to modern computers. Each class involves visual presentations and hands-on activities from the course reader/workbook for exploring mathematical ideas. Homework each week involves creating something original to demonstrate an understanding of the mathematical ideas. The textbook supplements the ideas and helps prepare for upcoming class sessions.
These 3 Units of Math are Required for the BA in Industrial Design
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Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Bruce Mayer, PERegistered Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
Engineering 11
Appendix
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Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design
Deg
rees from
CC
A