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TI DesignsBluetooth Low Energy Keyboard Reference Design
TI Designs Design FeaturesTI Designs provide the foundation that you need • Low power, 3 mW average when typing at 300including methodology, testing and design files to characters per minute speedquickly evaluate and customize the system. TI Designs • Designed with TI Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)help you accelerate your time to market. protocol stack, including HOGP implementation
• Full feature keyboard support of up to 128 keys (16Design Resourcesx 8 matrix) without PCB modification
Tool Folder Containing Design FilesTIDM-BLE-KEYBOARD • Turnkey solution for BLE keyboard applicationsMSP430G2444 Product Folder
Featured ApplicationsCC2541 Product Folder• Keyboard for tablet PC and Smart Phone
ASK Our E2E ExpertsWEBENCH® Calculator Tools
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this TI reference design addresses authorized use, intellectual property matters and otherimportant disclaimers and information.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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System Description www.ti.com
1 System DescriptionThis solution uses the MSP430G2444 and CC2541 to implement a Bluetooth Low Energy keyboard.
1.1 MSP430G2444The Texas Instruments MSP430 family of ultra-low power microcontrollers consists of several devices,featuring different sets of peripherals targeted for various applications. The architecture, combined withfive low-power modes, is optimized to achieve extended battery life in portable measurement applications.The device features a powerful 16-bit RISC CPU, 16-bit registers, and constant generators that contributeto maximum code efficiency. The digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) allows a wake-up from low-powermode to active mode in less than 1 µs.
The MSP430G2x44 series are ultra-low power mixed signal microcontrollers with built-in 16-bit timers, upto 32 GPIO, and a built-in communication capability using the universal serial communication interface. Inaddition, the MSP430G2x44 family members have a 10-bit A/D converter. Typical applications includelow-cost sensor systems that capture analog signals, convert them to digital values, and then process thedata for display or for transmission to a host system.
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram, MSP430G2x44
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www.ti.com System Description
1.2 CC2541The CC2541 is a power-optimized, true system-on-chip (SoC) solution for both Bluetooth Low Energy andproprietary 2.4 GHz applications. The CC2541 enables network nodes to be built with low total bill-of-material costs. The CC2541 combines the performance of a leading RF transceiver with an industrystandard-enhanced 8051 MCU, in-system programmable flash memory, 8-KB RAM, and other powerfulsupporting features and peripherals. The CC2541 is highly suited for systems requiring ultralow powerconsumption. This is specified by various operating modes. Short transition times between operatingmodes enable low power consumption.
Figure 2. CC2541 Simplified Block Diagram
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Block Diagram www.ti.com
2 Block Diagram
Figure 3. Hardware Block Diagram
3 System Design TheoryFor this keyboard to work properly, the host operating system must support a BLE-enabled keyboard.Windows 8.1 can be used as the host, as it already supports BLE keyboards through a HID over GATTprofile. The HID over GATT profile defines the procedures and features used by Bluetooth Low EnergyHID Devices using GATT, and Bluetooth HID hosts using GATT. As shown in Figure 4, the keyboard isthe device and Windows 8.1 is the host in this solution.
Figure 4. Host and HID device Roles in HOGP
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MSP430 Spy-Bi-Wire Interface
CC2541 Debug Interface
www.ti.com Getting Started Hardware
4 Getting Started Hardware
Figure 5. Debug and Programming Interface
4.1 MSP430G2444 JTAG (SPY-BI-WIRE) ConnectionTo download the program into flash for the MSP430, use the connections between the PCBA and theJTAG tool shown in Table 1:
Table 1. PCBA and JTAG Connections
PCBA PIN JTAG1 VCC2 TEST3 GND4 RESET
4.2 CC2541 Debug Interface ConnectionTo download the program into flash for the CC2541, use the connections between the PCBA and thedebug or programming tool shown in Table 2:
Table 2. PCBA and Debug Tool Connections
PCBA PIN Debug I/F1 GND2 VCC3 DC4 DD5 PWR6 RESET
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Getting Started with Firmware www.ti.com
5 Getting Started with Firmware
5.1 Keyboard Work Mode State MachineFigure 6 depicts the working mode of the keyboard: this assumes that the keyboard is already paired andbounded with the host.
Figure 6. Working Mode State Machine
5.1.1 Idle ModeAfter a successful pairing progress, the keyboard enters idle mode. In idle mode, the BLE connection isestablished with the host. No data is sent by the BLE radio, but the keyboard waits for any keystroke andthe BLE radio works periodically to keep the BLE connection.
5.1.2 Active ModeWhen the user types any key on the keyboard when in idle mode, it enters active mode. In active mode,the keystroke data is sent out to the host. The keyboard returns to idle state when no data remains. TheBLE radio in this mode is on full duty.
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www.ti.com Getting Started with Firmware
5.1.3 Sleep ModeWhen there is no user input for 60 seconds, the keyboard enters sleep mode. In sleep mode, the BLEconnection closes to save power. If the user strikes any key on the keyboard, the keyboard tries to build aBLE connection and rolls into active mode if successful. In sleep mode, the BLE radio is shut off.
5.1.4 Power Off ModeThe power off mode is similar to sleep mode, other than that when in this mode, a keystroke cannot wakeup the entire system. The BT button on the bottom-right side of the keyboard is the only key able to poweron the keyboard. This mode avoids accidentally triggering the keyboard, to save power consumption.
5.2 Keyboard User’s GuideTo make the keyboard work, see Figure 7 and follow the steps:
Figure 7. BT Button and LED
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Getting Started with Firmware www.ti.com
1. Insert 2 AAA alkaline batteries by unlocking the battery case, as illustrated in Figure 7. The BT LEDwill blink two times and enter sleep mode.
2. Prepare the BLE host, which in this example is a Windows 8.1 tablet PC. Go to the Device Manager –Bluetooth and enable the BT device. The keyboard should appear in the list in the next step.
Figure 8. Enable Bluetooth Device in Windows 8.1
3. Hold the BT button until the BT LED starts blinking quickly. The keyboard should now be listed as BLEKeyboard; click on it and select Pair to pair and bind the keyboard with the tablet. The user will beprompted to input a 6 digit number. Wait until the operation is successful. The keyboard only needs tobe bound one time with the tablet; to bound the keyboard to another tablet, remove the binding fromthis tablet first.
4. After the keyboard is paired and bound to the host, any keystroke on the keyboard will cause thekeyboard to try and connect with the host (except in power off mode). If the host is ready, the BLEconnection is established automatically.
5. The keyboard automatically goes into sleep mode if there is no user input for around 60 seconds, tosave power. Press the BT button to toggle Power On/ Power Off mode for the keyboard. See Figure 6for more details.
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www.ti.com Test
6 TestThis section describes how to measure the power consumption of the keyboard.
6.1 Test EnviromentTest instrument: FLUKE 287C, mA/uA
Voltage for 2 AAA alkaline batteries: 3.2 V no load
6.2 Test Mode1. Active mode2. Idle mode3. Sleep mode and power off mode
6.3 Test Data
Keyboard Work Mode Average Current CommentsTyping rate is around 300 characters perActive 1.0 mA minute
Idle 165 uASleep and power off <1 uA
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Title
Number RevisionSize
A4
Date: 2014-8-19 Sheet ofFile: Z:\shared\btkbref\BTKBREF_rev1_1.SchDocDrawn By:
DVSS1
P2.7 /XOUT2
P2.6 /XIN3
DVSS4
/RST/SWTDIO5
P2.0/A06
P2.1/A17
P2.2/A28
P3.0 /A59
SDA/P3.110
SCL/P3.211
P3.312
AVSS13
AVCC14
P4.0 /TB015
P4.1 /TB116
P4.2 /TB217
P4.3 /A1218
P4.4 /A1319
P4.5 /A1420
A15/P4.621
P4.722
TXD/SIMO/P3.423
RXD/SOMI/P3.524
A6/P3.625
A7/P3.726
P2.327
P2.428
P1.029
P1.130
P1.231
P1.332
P1.433
P1.534
P1.635
P1.736
TEST/SBWTCK37
DVCC38
DVCC39
P2.540
U2
MSP430G2544IRHA4047KR8
2.2nC7
GND
VCC
RST
1234
P3
JTAG
VCC
GNDTEST
RST
RST
VCC
VCCGND
GND
GNDKSI0KSI1KSI2KSI3KSI4KSI5KSI6KSI7
CC2541_TXDCC2541_RXD
TEST
KSO0KSO1KSO2KSO3KSO4KSO5 KSO6
KSO7
KSO8KSO9
KSO10
KSO11KSO12
KSO13
KSO14KSO15
1 23 45 67 89 1011 1213 1415 1617 1819 2021 2223 2425 26
P2
KB
KSO15
KSO0
KSO7
KSO5
KSO2KSO4
KSO8
KSO6
KSO11KSO10KSO12
KSI3
KSI0KSI2KSI4
KSI6KSI7
KSI1
KSI5
KSO13
KSO1KSO3
KSO9
KSO14
WAKE
2.2uFC6
VCC
GND
100nFC5
STAT1
SW2
VIN3
GND4
/BYP5
VOUT6
U1
tps627302.2uF
C4
GND GND
2.2uHL1 L2
Bead
2.2uFC2
2.2uFC3
VCC
3
1
2
Q12N7002
V_BAT
V_BAT
0
R5
2KR6
GND
20KR3
BAT_LVL
BAT_LVL
BAT_DET
BAT_DET
D1
D2
1K1R2
1K1R4
VCCLED_GREEN
LED_GREEN
LED_RED
LED_RED
S1
SW-PB10K
R1
VCC
GND100nFC1
GND
KEY
V+
V-
/BYPASS
CC2541 BLE keyboard
1 2
v1.1
TP4
v1.0 -> v1.1
1. Removes KEY net on P3.02. Revoves R7 and add a test point on P2.6
Design Files www.ti.com
7 Design Files
7.1 Schematics
Figure 9. Schematic 1
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Title
Number RevisionSize
A4
Date: 2014-8-19 Sheet ofFile: Z:\shared\btkbref\cc2541_rev1_1.SchDoc Drawn By:
GND1
SCL2
SDA3
NC4
P1_55
P1_46
P1_37
P1_28
P1_19
DVDD210
P1
_0
11
P0_
712
P0_
613
P0_
514
P0_
415
P0
_3
16
P0
_2
17
P0_
118
P0_
019
/RE
SE
T20
AVDD521
XOSC_Q122
XOSC_Q223
AVDD324
RF_P25
RF_N26
AVDD227
AVDD128
AVDD429
R_BIAS30A
VD
D6
31
P2_
4/O
SC
32_1
32
P2_
3/O
SC
32_2
33
P2
_2
34
P2
_1
35
P2_
036
P1_
737
P1_
638
DV
DD
139
DC
OU
PL
40
U3
CC2541F128RHAR
56K
R9
2nHL5
1pFC17
18pFC15
2nHL6
1nHL3
3nHL4
18pFC16
1pFC13
GND
GND
1pFC14
GND
100nFC10
100nFC19
100nFC11
100nFC20
220pFC12
VCC
GND
VCC
GND
GND GND
1 2X1
XTAL32M
14X2
XTAL32K
12pFC21
12pFC22
15pFC23
15pFC24
GND GND GND GND
XOSC32M_1
XOSC32M_2
XO
SC
32M
_1
XO
SC
32M
_2
XO
SC
32K
_1
XO
SC
32K
_2
XO
SC
32K
_1
XO
SC
32K
_2
GND
VC
C
VC
C100nFC18
GND
1uFC9
VCC
VCC
GND
1uFC8
GND
2K7
R11
1nFC25
GND
123456
P4
CCDEBUG
GNDVCCDCDDCC-PWR
CC-RESET RSTN
RS
TN
DC
DD
0R10
Do not mount
VCCC
C2541_R
XD
CC
2541_T
XD
WA
KE
TP1
12
A1 BLE_ANTENNA
GND
TP3
TP2
/BY
PA
SS
KE
Y
v1.1
2 2
CC2541 BLE keyboard
www.ti.com Design Files
Figure 10. Schematic 2
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Design Files www.ti.com
7.2 Bill of Materials
Table 3. BOMManufacturer PartItem Qty Reference Value Part Description Manufacturer PCB FootprintNumber
1 3 C1, C5, C18 100 nF CAP CER 100 nF 6 V 10% 0402 0402
2 1 C6 2.2 uF CAP CER 2.2 uF 6 V 10% 0402 0402
3 1 C7 2.2 nF CAP CER 2.2 uF 6 V 10% 0402 0402
4 2 C8, C9 1 uF CAP CER 1 uF 6 V 10% 0402 0402
5 1 C25 1 nF CAP CER 0.1 UF 6 V 10% 0603 0402
6 2 C21, C22 12 pF Capacitor, 12p, 0402, NP0, 5%, 50 V Murata GRM1555C1H120JA0 04021D
7 2 C23, C24 15 pF Capacitor, 15p, 0402, NP0, 5%, 50 V Murata GRM1555C1H150JA0 04021D
8 2 C15, C16 18 pF Capacitor, 18p, 0402, NP0, 5% 25 V Murata GRM1555C1H180JZ0 04021D
9 3 C13, C14, C17 1 pF Capacitor, 1p, 0402, NP0, +/-0.25 pF Murata GRM1555C1H1R0CZ 040250 V 01D
10 1 C12 220 pF Capacitor, 220p, 0402,N P0, 5%, 50 Murata GRM1555C1H221JA0 0402V 1D
11 4 C10, C11, C19, C20 100 nF Capacitor, 100n, 0402, X5R, 10%, Murata GRM1555R71A104KA 040210 V 01D
12 3 C2, C3, C4 2.2 uF CAP CER 2.2 uF 6 V 10% 0402 Murata GRM155R60J225ME1 06035D
13 2 D1, D2 RED LED 0603 0603
14 1 R1 10K Resistor, 10K, 0402, 5% 0402
15 1 R8 47K Resistor, 47K, 0402, 5% 0402
16 1 R9 56K Resistor, 56K, 0402, 1% 0402
17 1 R11 2.7K Resistor, 2.7K, 0402, 5% 0402
18 1 R5 0 Resistor, 0, 0402, 5% 0603
19 2 R2, R4 1.1K Resistor, 1.1K, 0402, 5% 0603
20 1 R6 2K Resistor, 2K, 0402, 5% 0603
21 1 R3 20K Resistor, 20K, 0402, 5% 0603
22 1 R10 0 Resistor, 0, 0402, 5% 0603
23 1 Q1 2N7002 N-Channel MOSFET SOT23-3P
24 1 L2 Bead EMI filter bead, 0402 1k ohms tape Murata BLM15HG102SN1D 0603GHz Band
25 1 L3 1 nH Inductor, 1n0, 0402, Monolithic +/- Murata LQG15HS1N0S02D 04020.3 nH
26 2 L5, L6 2 nH Inductor, 3n0, 0402, Monolithic +/- Murata LQG15HS2N0S02D 04020.3 nH
27 1 L4 3 nH Inductor, 2n0, 0402, +/-0.3 nH Murata LQG15HS3N0S02D 0402
28 1 L1 2.2 uH Inductor, 2.2 uH, 0603,500 mA 30% Murata LQM21PN2R2NGC 0603
29 1 U2 MSP430G2444 MCU Texas Instruments MSP430G2444IRHA4 IC-QFN40-RHA-0R RTB
30 1 U1 tps62730 DC-DC Texas Instruments TPS62730DRYR DRY0006A
31 1 U3 CC2541F128 BLE SOC Texas Instruments CC2541F128RHAR IC-QFN40-RHA-RTB
32 1 X2 XTAL32K CRYSTAL, OSCILATOR, 32.768 Epson Toyocom 12-00422 SSP-T-32768kHz, -20PPM/ + 20PPM, -40DEGC/+85DEGC, 12.5 pF, SMD
33 1 X1 XTAL32M CRYSTAL, OSCILATOR, 32 MHz, Epson Toyocom 12-00430 XIAL4P-SMT3*2X510 pF, -10PPM/+10PPM, -40DEGC/+85DEGC, SMD
34 1 SW1 Button switch Button switch SW-PB-SMT3*4*2
35 1 P3 JTAG connector JTAG connector for MSP430 MHDR1X4
36 1 P2 Keyboard 25-pin connector FFC-25-P1.0connector
37 2 S1, S2 Connector 2-pin connector MHDR1X2
38 1 P4 CCDEBUG debug connector for CC2541 MHDR1X6
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www.ti.com Design Files
7.3 PCB Layouts
Figure 11. PCB Layouts
8 Software Files
9 References1. MSP430G2x44 - Mixed Signal Microcontroller (SLAS892B)2. CC2541 -2.4-GHz Bluetooth low energy and Proietary System-On-Chip (SWRS110D)3. HID OVER GATT PROFILE SPECIFICATION v10r00
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About the Author www.ti.com
10 About the AuthorNAN JIANG is an MCU Systems Application Engineer at Texas Instruments, responsible for developingsystem solutions for IoT (Internet of Things) and industrial applications.
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