bls_1352_1963.pdf

INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEYMachinery M anufacturing

IM A RCH -JU N E 1962

B ulletin No. 1352

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BU REAU O F LA B O R S T A T IS T IC S Ewan C la g u e , Com m issioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY

Machinery Manufacturing

MARCH-JUNE 1962

Bulletin No. 1352

February 1963

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR W. W illard W irtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clogue, Commissioner

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Preface

The present study is the 16th in a series of surveys of occupational wages in machinery (nonelectrical) manufacturing industries, conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wage data for selected occupations in 21 labor markets were collected between March and June 1962. Separate releases issued at the completion of the survey in each area, usually within a few weeks after the payroll period studied, are available on request. Most of the occupational data relate to men workers, but data for women in a few jobs are shown in some areas.

This bulletin brings together and analyzes data for all 21 areas. Occupational data are presented for the machinery industries as a whole in each of the areas, and separately for special dies and tools, die sets, jigs and fixtures, and machine-tool accessories and measuring devices in selected areas. The distributions of workers by occupational earnings contained in the separate area releases are included here for six jobs. Data on wage practices and supplementary benefits are presented for the industry as a whole in each of the areas.

An analysis of occupational wage relationships in machinery manufacturing, based on individual plant data for March—May 1961, also is included.

This bulletin was prepared by Fred W. Mohr in the Bureau*s Division of Occupational Pay, under the general direction of H. M. Douty, Assistant Com m issioner for Wages and Industrial Relations. Appendix A, Occupational Wage Relationships, was prepared by Jon B. Guyton. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional D irectors for Wages and Industrial Relations.

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Contents

Page

C h aracteristics o f the m achinery industries ____________________________________ 1Trends in earnings _________________________________________________________________ 2Occupational earnings, 1962 ______________________________________________________ 5Establishm ent p ra ctices and supplem entary wage prov isions _________________ 7

Job evaluation system s ________________________________________________________ 7Shift prov isions and practices ____________________________________________ 7Scheduled w eekly hours ________________________________________________________ 8Paid holidays _____ 8Paid vacations _______________________________________________________________ 8Health, insurance, and pension plans ________________________________________ 8

Tables:A: Occupational earnings—

A - l . M achinery manufacturing—m en w ork ers _________________________ 9A -2 . M achinery manufacturing—wom en w ork ers _______________________ 11A - 3. M achinery manufacturing—by m ethod o f wage payment __________ 12A - 4. M achinery manufacturing—sp ecia l dies and tools

and m ach in e-too l a c ce s s o r ie s __________________________________ 13B: D istribution of w ork ers by hourly earnings—

B - l . Tool and die m akers (other than jobbing) _________________________ 14B -2 . M ach ine-tool opera tors , production, c la ss A ___________________ 16B -3 . M ach ine-tool opera tors , production, c la ss B —__________________ 18B -4 . M ach ine-tool opera tors , production, c la ss C ____________________ 20B -5 . A ssem b lers , c la ss B _______________________________________________ 22B -6 . L a b orers , m ateria l handling ______________________________________ 24

C: Establishm ent p ractices and supplem entary wage prov ision s—C - l . Method o f wage payment, job evaluation plans, and

labor-m anagem ent agreem ents __________________________________ 26C - 2. Shift differential p rov ision s _______________________________________ 28C -3 . Shift differential p ractices _________________________________________ 30C -4 . Scheduled w eekly hours (plant w orkers) _________________________ 32C -5 . Scheduled w eekly hours (o ffice w orkers) _________________________ 33C -6 . Paid holidays (plant w orkers) ______________________________________ 34C -7 . Paid holidays (o ffice w orkers) _____________________________________ 35C -8 . Paid vacations (plant w orkers) ____________________________________ 36C -9 . Paid vacations (o ffice w orkers) ___________________________________ 38C -10 . Health, insurance, and pension plans (plant w orkers) __________ 40C - l l . Health, insurance, and pension plans (o ffice w orkers) __________ 41

Chart:P ercent in crea ses in average stra ight-tim e hourly earnings fo r a ll

production w ork ers and two se lected occupations in m ach inery industries, January 1945 to sp ecified dates ________________________________ 4

Appendixes:A: Occupational wage relationsh ips, M arch -M ay 1961 ______________________ 43B: Wage Indexes, 1945—62 ____________________________________________________ 50C: Scope and m ethod o f survey ______________________________________________ 51D: Occupational descrip tions _________________________________________________ 57

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Industry Wage Survey—

Machinery Manufacturing, March—June 1962

Summary

A verage stra ight-tim e hourly earnings o f production and related w ork ers in the n on e lectrica l m achinery m anufacturing industries in creased by 2. 8 percent during the past year in 21 m etropolitan areas surveyed by the Bureau o f Labor Statistics in M arch—June 1962. 1

D etroit, San F ra n cisco—Oakland, M ilwaukee, and Pittsburgh m ost often ranked among the upper one-fourth o f the areas in occupational average hourly earnings. T ool and die m ak ers, averaging m ore than $ 3 an hour in a m ajority o f the a rea s , w ere the highest paid w ork ers studied in m ost areas.

Although prov ision s for paid holidays, paid vacations, various types o f health insurance, and retirem ent pensions have been w idespread in the m achinery industries for a number o f y ea rs , som e libera liza tion of prov ision s has o ccu rred since the Bureau*s study o f these benefits in 1959—60.C h aracteristics o f the M achinery Industries

M achinery (nonelectrica l) m anufacturing, as defined for purposes o f this study, includes a group of m etalworking industries which m anufacture products that d iffer greatly in s ize , com plex ity , and use. Some establishm ents, for exam p le , are p rim arily prod u cers o f farm m achinery and equipment; others m anufacture such item s as sp ecia l d ies and too ls , typew riters, and a ir-cond ition in g units.

A wide variety o f m achinery products was m anufactured in each area studied. H ow ever, in som e a rea s , one product group was predom inant. In D etroit, P ittsburgh, and W orces te r , a m a jority o f the w ork ers w ere em ployed in plants pr im a rily m anufacturing m etalworking m achinery and equipment; in Denver and Houston, construction , m ining, and m ateria ls handling m achinery plants em ployed a m ajority o f the w ork ers .

The areas studied accounted for slightly m ore than a third o f the nearly 1. 5 m illion w o rk e rs2 in the N ation's m achinery manufacturing industries. Total em ploym ent in the survey areas in creased 6 percent during the past y ea r , c o m pared with a nationwide in crease o f 4 percent. The rate o f in crea se was som e what greater in Boston, D etroit, Los A ngeles—Long B each, M inneapolis—St. Paul, Philadelphia, and Portland (O r e g .) than in the rem aining areas studied.

Total industry em ploym ent in the resp ective a rea s , at the tim e o f the survey, ranged from few er than 4 ,000 in Denver and Portland to a lm ost 76,000 in Chicago. Other m ajor areas o f em ploym ent included D etroit (67 ,000 ), M ilwaukee (47 ,000 ), and Los A ngeles—Long Beach (44 ,000). Em ploym ent exceeded 30,000 in C leveland, Newark and Jersey C ity, and Philadelphia; was between 20,000 and 30, 000 in B oston, H artford, M inneapolis—St. Paul, and New Y ork City; between 10,000 and 20,000 in Buffalo, Houston, P ittsburgh, St. L ou is, and San F ra n cisco— Oakland; and between 5,000 and 10,000 in B a ltim ore , D allas, and W orcester .

1 See appendix C for scope and method o f survey. F or definition o f areas and the payroll period studied in the resp ective a rea s , see table in appendix C.

2 Nationwide em ploym ent as reported in the B ureau ’ s em ploym ent se r ie s .

1


i

A pproxim ately tw o-fifths o f the w ork ers in the m ach inery industries in the areas studied w ere em ployed in establishm ents with few er than 250 w o rk e rs , a slightly la rger proportion in establishm ents with 250 to 2 ,499 w o rk e rs , and on e-six th in establishm ents em ploying 2 ,500 or m ore . Establishm ents in the largest size group w ere found in 11 a reas. H ow ever, H artford and Milwaukee w ere the only areas in which half or m ore o f the w ork ers w ere em ployed in such establishm ents; in Philadelphia, on e-th ird w ere in this estab lish m en t-s ize group. A m ajority o f the w ork ers in D enver, L os A ngeles—Long B each, New Y ork C ity, and Portland, and m ore than tw o-fifths in six additional areas w ere in estab lishm ents em ploying few er than 250 w ork ers .

Establishm ents with labor-m anagem ent contracts covering a m ajority o f their w ork ers accounted for seven-tenths o f the production w ork ers in the 21 areas com bined. Am ong the areas, contract coverage ranged from m ore than nine-tenths in P ittsburgh and San F ra n cisco—Oakland and m ore than three-fou rth s in nine additional areas to about one-fourth in Dallas (table C - l ) .

M ost production w ork ers in each o f the areas surveyed w ere paid tim e rates. H ow ever, in six a rea s , a fifth or m ore w ere paid on an incentive basis . Bonus paym ents w ere m ore prevalent than p iecew ork in five o f these areas.

W omen accounted for few er than one-tenth o f the plant w ork ers in the m achinery industries in the areas surveyed. B a ltim ore , H artford, San F ra n cisco— Oakland, and St. Louis w ere the only areas in which this proportion was exceeded at the tim e o f the study.

Trends in Earnings

A verage stra ight-tim e hourly earnings o f production w ork ers in the 21 areas studied rose 2. 8 percent between M arch—May 1961 and M arch—June 1962, com pared with an in crease o f 3. 1 percent between the w inter o f 1959—60 and M arch—May 1961. (See table on follow ing page and chart on page 4 .) In 14 a rea s , in crea ses in pay leve ls between the 1961 and 1962 survey periods ranged from 2 to 3. 5 percent. The in crease was greatest in St. Louis (5. 1 percent) and least in Denver (1.1 percent).

G eneral wage changes usually account for m ost o f the y e a r -to -y e a r m ovem ent in earnings, although other fa ctors such as labor turnover, changes in incentive earnings, and changes in em ploym ent in establishm ents with d ifferent pay le v e ls , m ay a lso a ffect the trend. Thus, during a period o f declining econ om ic activ ity , an in crease in the ov era ll leve l o f w ages m ay re fle ct a r e duction in the proportion of w ork ers with the least sen iority and the low est leve l o f earn ings, rather than an adjustm ent in individual rates. During periods o f expansion, the re v e rse may be true.

The m ovem ent of w ages varied between the sk illed and unskilled jobs studied, as w ell as among areas. F or the 21 areas com bined, average straight- tim e hourly earnings o f too l and die m akers (other than jobbing) ro se 2. 7 percent (an average o f about 9 cen ts), while earnings o f m ateria l handling la b orers rose 2. 3 percent (about 5 cents). Since 1945, when the firs t occupational wage r e lationship study was conducted fo r the m achinery in d u str ie s ,3 there has been a

3 See appendix B for tabulation o f indexes for se lected periods since 1945.


3

Indexes of average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production workers in machinery manufacturing in selected areas and occupations, Marchr-June 1962 and March-May 1961,^

and percent increases for selected periods3

Indexes(1958-59=100) Percent increases from-—

Area and occupation Mar.—June1962

Mar.—May1961

Mar. —May 1961 to

Mar. —June 1962

Jan. 1960 to Mar.— May 1961

Jan. 1959 to

Jan. 1960

Jan. 1958 to

Jan. 1959

Jan. 1956 to

Jan. 1958

Jan. 1945 to Mar. — June 1962

Area

All areas combined ----------------- 112.1 109.0 2.8 3.1 4.1 3.3 10.2 149.2

Baltimore--------------------------------- 112.5 110.4 1.9 4.3 2.8 6.1 10.6 155.9Boston-------------------------------------- 115.4 112.1 3.0 4.3 5. 1 4.6 9.7 154.3Buffalo------------------------------------ 111.1 109.0 1.9 4.0 3.4 2.7 11.5 136.6Chicago---------------------------------- 111. 1 107.8 3.0 1.5 4.3 3.8 9.0 151.0Cleveland ------------------------------- 114.5 110.3 3.8 2.1 6.8 2.1 9.5 138.3Dallas-------------------------------------- 110.9 108.0 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.5 9.5 115.6Denver----- •----------------------------- 109.4 108.2 1.1 3.2 3.6 2.3 16.7 154.7Detroit------------------------------------ 110.4 108.2 2.0 2.8 4.1 2.3 11.5 127.1Hartford---------------------------------- 114.0 111.3 2.4 4.7 4.7 3.1 11.3 156.2Houston ---------------------------------- 109.9 107.6 2.1 4- .2 7.4 .9 11.6 133.8Los Angeles-Long B ea ch ----------- 111.8 108.4 3.2 3.0 4.0 2.5 10.8 129.6Milwaukee------------------------------- 112.5 109.2 3.0 3.5 3.9 3.3 11.4 172.2Minneapolis—St. Paul------- ------- 113.6 111.4 2.0 5.9 3.9 2.7 8.9 150.9Newark and Jersey C ity------------- 111.1 107.9 3.0 4.1 1.4 4.4 8.7 133.7New York City---------- —------------ 111.8 107.8 3.7 4.0 2.9 1.3 8.7 139.2Philadelphia —------------------------ 112.7 110.0 2.4 3.2 4.2 5.0 7.1 152.4Pittsburgh--------------------------------- 110.3 108.5 1.6 2.9 2.8 5.5 11.7 175.0Portland---------------------------------- 117.0 113.1 3.5 2.1 9.1 3.2 11. 1 141.4St. Louis---------------------------------- 115.7 110.1 5.1 4.4 3.7 3.5 9.8 184.5San Francisco-Oakland ------------- 112.6 109.9 2.5 3.0 2.5 8.5 18.5 143.0Worcester------- ------------------------- 111.8 108.9 2.7 5.2 1.8 3.4 8.7 164.3

Occupation

Laborers, material handling------ 112.5 109.9 2.3 4.0 3.4 4.7 12.6 176.0Tool and die makers (other

than jobbing)-------------------------- 112.7 109.7 2.7 3.6 3.9 4.1 9.8 132.9

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. ̂ For indexes for earlier years, see appendix B.

3 Data for the periods shown as January cover various months of the winter.4 This decrease was due to changes in incentive earnings and in the proportions of workers in some job classifi

cations in establishments of different pay levels.

substantial reduction in the percent d ifferentia ls between the w ages o f these two groups. During this period average earnings o f m ateria l handling la b orers in creased by 176 percen t, com pared with an in crease o f 132.9 percent for too l and die m akers. M ost o f the narrowing occu rred before 1955, la rge ly because o f cen ts -p er-h ou r in crea ses granted "a c ro s s the b o a r d ." Tw ice during the past 3 years (between 1959 and I960 and between 1961 and 1962), the percent in crease was slightly greater for tool and die m akers than for la b orers .


4

Percent increase in average straight-time hourly earnings for all production workers and two selected occupations in machinery industries, January 1945 to specified dates

t


5

The follow ing tabulation shows the percent in crea se in w ages o f m ateria l handling la b orers and too l and die m akers for se lected periods since 1945. Of the two groups, the rate o f in crea se between 1945 and 1950 was tw o-fifths greater for m ateria l handling la b orers ; between 1950 and 1955, on e-fifth greater; and between 1955 and I960, le ss than a tenth greater.

1945-50

Laborers, material handling --------- 53. 6Tool and die makers

(other than jobbing)------------------- 37. 4

Percent of increase between— _____________

1950-55 1955-60 1960-62

33.9 26.3 6.4

28.0 24.4 6.4

O ccupational Earnings, 1962T ool and die m ak ers, in m ost a rea s , had the highest leve l o f hourly

earnings among the occupational groups studied in M arch—June 1962. (See table A - l . ) Men engaged in the production or maintenance o f too ls and dies used in the establishm ents in which they w ere em ployed (other than jobbing) had average earnings ranging from $ 2 . 7 7 an hour in Dallas and $ 2 . 7 9 in W orcester to $ 3 . 6 6 in Portland and San F ran cis co-O akland. In a ll except six o f the areas studied, their hourly earnings averaged $ 3 or m ore . Am ong the 14 areas for which data are shown for jobbing tool and die m akers (producing tools and dies for sa le), their average hourly earnings ranged from $ 2 . 7 3 in B altim ore to $ 3 . 6 3 in D etroit, and $ 3 . 6 4 in C hicago.

A verage hourly earnings o f men m ach in e-too l op era tors , who set up their own m achines and p er form a variety o f machining operations to c lose to leran ces (c la ss A ), ranged from $ 2. 43 in D allas to $ 3. 24 in D etroit and $ 3. 26 in St. Louis; their averages exceeded $ 3 an hour in six a rea s. F or the in term ediate group of m ach in e-too l operators (c lass B ), average earnings in a m ajority o f the a rea s , w ere at least 30 cents an hour below those o f c la ss A o p e r a to r s .4 S im ilarly , area average earnings o f m ach in e-too l operators perform ing m ore routine repetitive operations (c la ss C) w ere at least 30 cents below the leve l o f the interm ediate group o f operators in a m ajority o f the a reas.

Janitors and c lea n ers , the low est paid o f the m en 's jobs studied in m ost a rea s, averaged from $ 1.48 an hour in Dallas to $2 . 38 in D etroit and $ 2 . 4 1 in Portland. A verage hourly earnings o f m ateria l handling la b orers ranged from $ 1 . 5 2 in Dallas to $ 2 . 5 3 in D etroit and San F ra n cisco—Oakland and $ 2 . 6 1 in Portland.

Data are presented in table A -4 for se lected occupations in estab lish m ents prim arily engaged in m anufacturing sp ecia l dies and too ls , die sets , jig s and fix tu res , a n d /or m ach in e-too l a c ce s s o r ie s and m easuring d ev ices in nine a r e a s . 5

4 O ccupational wage relationships based on a com parison o f area averages are influenced by inter establishm ent variations in general pay leve l and occu p a tional com position . In ord er to elim inate these fa c to rs , a detailed analysis o f relative wage d ifferentia ls among jobs studied was made for individual plants included in the 1961 survey; the resu lts of the study are reported in appendix A.

5 The separate area re lea ses a lso provide occupational data for o ilfie ld m ach inery in Los A ngeles—Long B each , paper and printing m ach inery in New Y ork C ity, and textile m achinery in Philadelphia.


6

W omen w ere m ost com m only em ployed in routine-type jo b s , such as light assem bling , inspecting, and repetitive m achine operations. In the eight areas for which data are presented in table A - 2 for those perform ing routine assem bly operations (c la ss C ), their average earnings ranged from $ 1 . 5 6 an hour in M inneapolis—St. Paul to $ 2. 48 in D etroit. A verage hourly earnings o f w om en c la ss C m ach in e-too l operators ranged from $1.90 in H artford to $2 . 65 in D etroit.

In nearly a ll instances w here com parisons by m ethod o f wage payment w ere p oss ib le , w ork ers paid on an incentive basis had higher average earnings than w ork ers in the same occupation who w ere paid on a tim e basis (table A -3 ).

Occupational averages w ere generally higher in D etroit, M ilwaukee, P ittsburgh, and San F ra n cisco—Oakland than in other a rea s . F or m ost occupations, average earnings w ere low est in D allas, although B altim ore and W orcester a lso had com paratively low earnings leve ls fo r severa l job s . D ifferen ces between the highest and low est area average hourly earnings amounted to m ore than $ 1 an hour for severa l job s .

In the follow ing tabulation, area averages for a ll production w o rk e rs6 and for four separate occupational c la ssifica tion s have been exp ressed as percentages

Relative pay levels for production workers in 21 labor markets

(Chicago=100)

Allproduction

workersAssemblers,

class A

Janitors,porters,

andcleaners

Machine-tool

operators,production,

Tool and die makers

(other than

Detroit ---------------------------------- 109San Francisccr-Oakland —-------- 108Pittsburgh ------------------------------ 106Milwaukee------------------------------ 105Portland--------------------------------- 105St. Louis ------------------------------- 104Cleveland —--------- ------------- 102Chicago —----------------------------- 100Philadelphia---------------------------- 98Los Angeles—Long Beach --------- 97Newark and Jersey City ------------ 97Denver --------------------- 96Hartford -------------------------------- 96Buffalo ---------------------------------- 95Houston---------------------------------- 94New York C ity ------------------------ 93Baltimore------------------------------- 92Minneapolis—St. P au l-------------- 92Boston ---------------------------------- 91Worcester-------------------------------- 90Dallas ......................................... 78

class B jobbing)

113 116 105 104108 113 105 110108 111 105 97106 107 105 100103 117 101 11097 101 103 105

102 103 103 96100 100 100 10092 98 108 9695 99 92 9798 91 100 9592 94 92 8993 96 97 9095 102 94 8988 92 97 9595 89 88 93

104 81 91 8890 97 93 9294 86 88 9091 92 90 8477 72 77 83

6 The pay index for production w ork ers was based on 10 m en 's jobs com m on to a ll areas (a ssem b lers , c la sses A and B; in sp ectors , c la ss A; ja n itors , p o r te rs , and clean ers; la b o re rs , m ateria l handling; m ach in e-too l op era to rs , production , c la sse s A , B , and C; tool and die m akers (other than jobbing); and w e ld ers , hand, cla ss A). To m inim ize interarea d ifferen ces in occupational com position , constant em ploym ent relationsh ips, based on total em ploym ent in the resp ective jobs in a ll 21 a rea s , w ere used. A ggregates w ere com puted for each area by m ultiplying the stra ight-tim e hourly earnings for the jobs by these weights and totaling.


7

of the corresponding averages for Chicago. A verage hourly earnings o f p rod u ction w ork ers in seven o f the areas w ere above the Chicago lev e l, with pay re la tives ranging from 102 in C leveland to 109 in D etroit. Pay re la tives in 12 areas w ere from 90 to 98 percent o f the Chicago average. Dallas (78 percent) was the only area below 90 percent. Although the interarea relationships for the four individual jobs shown w ere somewhat sim ilar to those for the com bination o f jo b s , significant variations m ay be noted. In Philadelphia, for exam ple, w here the overa ll average was 2 percent below the Chicago lev e l, c la ss A assem b lers averaged 8 percent le ss and c la ss B m ach in e-too l op era tors , 8 percent m ore than the Chicago w ork ers in these occupations.Establishm ent P ra ctice s and Supplementary Wage P rov is ion s

Data w ere a lso obtained on certain establishm ent p ra ctices such as job evaluation system s, la te -sh ift w ork and w ork schedules, and selected supplem entary wage benefits, including paid holidays and vacations and health, in su rance, and pension plans.

Job Evaluation S ystem s. F orm al job evaluation p roced u res w ere in e ffect in establishm ents em ploying nearly nine-tenths o f the production w ork ers in Milwaukee and W orcester ; tw o-th irds or m ore in B a ltim ore , Boston, H artford, and Pittsburgh; and approxim ately half o f the w ork ers in Cleveland and Philadelphia (table C - l ) . In con trast, establishm ents with such plans accounted for le ss than one-fourth o f the w ork ers in six areas. The type o f system m ost com m only reported was the point m ethod, w hereby point values are assigned to various job fa ctors (such as required experience and training, m ental and physica l e ffo rt, and responsib ility ) and thfe sum o f these points ultim ately converted into a wage rate for each job .

Em ployee representatives did not usually participate in the job evaluation p ro ce ss . The establishm ent o f labor grades and form al rate ranges fo r tim e-ra ted jobs w ere typ ica lly in corporated in the job evaluation system s. The predom inant prov ision s for in crea ses within rate ranges d iffered among the a reas. F or exam ple, in B altim ore and B oston, the m ost prevalent procedure was p eriod ic m erit rev iew , w hereas in H artford and Philadelphia, autom atic period ic in crea ses follow ed by m erit in crea ses w ere m ost com m on.

In m ost areas there was com paratively little change in the proportion o f w ork ers cov ered by form al job evaluation proced u res since the previous study o f this item in 1955—56. 7 The point method was a lso the m ost com m on system of evaluation used at that tim e.

Shift P rov is ion s and P r a c t ic e s . A large m ajority o f the production w ork ers in nearly a ll areas were in establishm ents which had p rov is ion s for la te-sh ift operations with extra pay above day-sh ift rates (table C -2 ). Slightly m ore than a sixth o f the w ork ers in the 21 areas com bined w ere em ployed on late shifts in M arch—June 1961, approxim ately the sam e proportion as at the tim e o f the 1959—60 study. 8 L ate-sh ift w ork ers accounted for m ore than a fourth o f a ll production w ork ers in B a ltim ore , Houston, and P ittsburgh, and at least a sixth in six additional areas (table C -3 ). Total em ploym ent on second shifts was slightly m ore than six tim es as great as em ploym ent on th ird -sh ift operation s. Extra pay above day -sh ift rates was alm ost un iversa lly provided but the p r o v is ion s d iffered considerably among the areas.

7 See Wage Structure: M achinery M anufacturing, W inter 1955—56 (BLSR eport 107).

8 See Wage Structure: M achinery M anufacturing, W inter 1959—60 (BLSR eport 170). The 1961 study, Industry Wage Survey: M achinery M anufacturing,M arch—May 1961 (BLS Bulletin 1309), did not include data on supplem entary wage p rov is ion s.


8

Scheduled W eekly H ours. W ork schedules o f 40 hours a w eek applied to a m ajority o f the production and o ffice w ork ers in a ll areas except New Y ork City w here m ost o ffice w ork ers had w eekly schedules o f 35 or 37l/z hours (tables C -4 and C -5 ). B uffalo, D allas, D etroit, and Philadelphia w ere the only areas in which as many as one-th ird o f the plant w ork ers w ere scheduled to w ork m ore than 40 hours a week.

Paid H olidays. Paid holidays w ere a lm ost u n iversa lly provided (tables C -6 and C -7 ). A m ajority o f both production and o ffice w ork ers in Boston, New Y ork C ity, Philadelphia, San F rancis co-O akland, and W orcester w ere em ployed in establishm ents w hich granted 8 or m ore days annually. In each o f the other a rea s , m ost w ork ers rece iv ed at least 6 holidays a year. Half days in addition to fu ll-d ay holidays w ere com m on in m ost a reas.

Paid V aca tion s. Paid vacations o f at least 1 week after 1 year and 2 w eeks a fter 5 years o f serv ice w ere provided in establishm ents em ploying nearly a ll production and o ffice w ork ers in the areas studied (tables C -8 and C -9 ).

At least three-fourths o f the w ork ers in m ost areas rece iv ed vacations o f 3 w eeks or m ore after 15 y e a rs ' se rv ice . P rov is ion s for 4 w eeks after 25 years w ere reported for som e production and o ffice w ork ers in a ll a reas.

Health, Insurance, and P ension P la n s. L ife , hosp italization , and surg ica l insurance, fo r w hich em ployers paid at least part o f the co st , w ere available to m ore than fou r-fifth s o f the production and o ffice w ork ers in each o f the areas studied (tables C- 10 and C - l l ) . Sickness and accident insurance and m edica l insurance a lso w ere provided to a large m ajority o f the w ork ers in m ost areas.

R etirem ent pension benefits (other than those available under F edera l o ld -a g e , su rv ivors , and d isab ility insurance) w ere provided by establishm ents accounting for a m ajority o f the production w ork ers in all except four areas and 50 percent or m ore o f the o ffice em ployees in a ll a reas.


A: Occupational Earnings

Table A-l. Machinery Manufacturing—Men Workers

(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of men in selected production occupations, 21 selected areas, March—June 19622)

New England Middle Atlantic SouthNewark

OccupationBo ston Hartford W orcester Buffalo and

Jersey CityiNew i ork

City Philadelphia Pittsburgh Baltim ore Dallas HoustonNo. Avg. No. Avg. No. Avg. No. Avg. No. Avg. No. Avg. No. 'Avg. No. Avg. No. Avg. No. Avg. No. Avg.of hourly o f hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly

w ork- earn- work- earn- w ork- earn- w ork- earn work earn w ork earn w ork earn w ork earn w ork earn w ork earn w ork earners ings ers mgs ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings

A ssem blers, class A ________________ *,_________ 469 $ 2 .7 4 246 $2 .73 254 $2. 68 325 $2 . 79 663 $2 .87 861 $ 2 .7 8 674 $2 .71 395 $3 . 17 99 $3 .0 5 150 $2. 25 344 $2 . 57A ssem blers, c la ss B ________________________ _ 475 2. 41 684 2. 28 201 2. 39 146 2. 52 1, Oil 2. 33 611 2. 29 469 2.42 187 2. 88 62 2. 39 164 1.82 160 2. 30A ssem blers, c la ss C -_________________________ 228 2.01 709 2.03 56 2. 20 85 2. 31 304 2.09 919 1.95 312 1.82 82 2. 48 96 1. 38 77 2. 17E lectricians, m a in ten a n ce____ -> 58 2. 83 91 2.92 44 2.74 59 2. 82 145 3.00 45 2.95 104 3.00 111 3. 09 28 2.75 27 2. 50 93 3.03Inspectors, c la ss A _________________________ . 165 2. 73 166 2.54 93 2. 57 101 2.91 238 2.79 140 2.95 333 2.80 151 3. 27 74 2. 86 45 2. 51 157 2. 87Inspectors, c la ss B ____________________________ 128 2. 44 293 2. 38 72 2.52 72 2.68 192 2.51 64 2.44 235 2.89 73 2. 70 28 2.64 38 2.05 163 2.79Inspectors, c la ss C ___________________________ 66 2. 19 555 2. 31 _ _ _ _ 120 2. 38 95 1.78 39 2. 54 _ _ _ 10 1.72Janitors, porters, and cleaners _____________ 183 1.78 251 1.98 124 1.90 191 2. 11 385 1.88 196 1. 83 279 2.01 153 2. 29 86 1.66 145 1.48 246 1. 89L aborers, m aterial handling --------------------------- 206 2.03 305 2.03 119 2.00 78 2.23 421 2. 10 208 2.03 204 2.20 168 2. 37 41 1.92 129 1. 52 263 1.92M achine-tool operators, production,

c la ss A 3 ------------------------------------------------ ---- --- 1,623 2. 72 1, 315 2.79 809 2. 59 786 2.69 1,840 2.83 1, 866 2.78 2, 430 2.82 1, 710 3.03 626 2.70 611 2.43 1, 320 2.77Autom atic-lathe operators, c la ss A _____ 29 2. 85 - - _ _ _ . _ 38 3.01 40 2.85 _ _ _ 49 2.47 102 2.79D rill-p re ss operators, radial, c la ss A ___ 99 2.79 50 2.71 76 2.43 _ _ 142 2.91 62 2.83 225 2.76 129 2.77 31 2. 85 14 2. 24 89 2.62D rill-p re ss operators, single- or

m ultiple-sp indle, cla ss A - _____________ 82 2. 87 25 2.62 29 2. 56 19 2 .44 56 2.49 _ > 84 2. 57 _ _ > _ _ 50 2.63Engine-lathe operators, c la ss A __________ 182 2.73 136 2.71 102 2. 54 149 2.68 379 2.78 218 2.79 296 2.86 286 3. 11 94 2.49 n o 2. 50 158 2.88Grinding-m achine operators, c la ss A ____ 217 2. 73 369 2. 88 152 2. 62 55 2 .74 148 2 .74 157 2. 84 354 2.63 226 2.97 25 3.01 67 2.49 123 2.75M illing-m achine operators, class A ______ 170 2. 80 149 2.80 129 2.61 111 2.76 347 2.81 427 2. 82 263 2.78 231 3.02 59 3.03 100 2.43 188 2.77Screw -m achine operators, automatic,

class A ------------------------------------------------------- 70 2. 81 109 2.68 16 2.66 _ _ 28 3. 18 35 2. 83 _ _ _ _ _ 30 2. 33 _ _Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), cla ss A ___________ 244 2. 62 248 2. 77 132 2. 57 209 2.66 293 2.85 268 2. 74 365 2. 78 216 2. 87 77 2. 87 154 2.43 361 2.77M achine-tool operators, production,

c la ss B 3 __ ______________ _________________ 904 2. 34 1,680 2. 58 461 2. 39 604 2.48 1,422 2.66 1, 106 2. 34 1, 327 2. 87 557 2. 77 420 2.41 320 2.04 482 2. 57Autom atic-lathe operators, c la ss B ______ - _ _ _ 18 2. 72 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ 11 2.58D rill-p re ss operators, radial, c la ss B ___ 41 2. 28 36 2. 37 39 2. 33 34 2.68 70 2.47 _ _ 45 2.43 22 2.77 _ _ 41 1.92 72 2.44D rill-p re ss operators, single- or

m ultiple-sp indle, class B _____________ _ 92 2. 32 159 2.55 49 2. 34 34 2. 30 111 2.41 108 2.08 52 2.50 _ _ 22 2. 46 _ _ _ _Engine-lathe operators, cla ss B __________ 74 2.41 33 2.05 43 2. 23 149 2. 39 119 2. 49 178 2. 54 91 2.66 n o 3. 06 50 2. 18 46 2.25 25 2.59Grinding-m achine operators, cla ss B ____ 92 2. 35 756 2.60 142 2. 38 93 2. 58 _ _ 83 2. 37 _ _ _ _ 58 2. 46 19 1.92 51 2.79M illing-m achine operators, class B ______ 94 2. 56 134 2. 53 65 2.46 24 2.72 128 2.40 141 2. 43 221 2.58 47 2.79 _ _ 45 2. 11 85 2.67Screw -m achine operators, automatic,

class B _________________ _________________ 21 2. 25 249 2.79 12 2. 54 11 2.61 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 2.02 _ _Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), c la ss B ___________ 165 2. 33 103 2.57 41 2. 34 132 2. 50 63 2.57 - - 215 2.96 56 2. 75 26 2. 30 78 2.00 120 2. 58

M achine-tool operators, production,cla ss C 3 ----------------------------- __ _____________ 358 1.92 1, 001 2. 53 68 2. 06 133 2. 39 427 2.22 757 1.94 381 2. 34 53 2.63 364 1.91 182 1.62 177 2. 19

D rill-p re ss operators, radial, class C ___ - - - - - _ 8 2. 31 34 2.03 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 1.65 20 2.09D rill-p re ss operators, single- or

m ultiple-sp indle, cla ss C ________________ 49 1. 88 214 2.51 _ _ 49 2.22 161 2.30 171 1.72 46 1.95 _ _ _ _ 54 1. 53 _Engine-lathe operators, c la ss C __________ - - _ _ 9 1. 74 _ _ 55 2. 19 50 1.95 „ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 2. 10G rinding-m achine operators, c la ss C ____ - - 480 2 .64 24 2. 05 29 2.61 39 2.28 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 2. 14M illing-m achine operators, cla ss C ______ 48 2.05 179 2. 33 _ _ „ 22 2. 17 71 2.05 _ _ _ _ 7 1.65 _Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), c la ss C __ - - 44 2.24 - - - - 47 2.40 43 1.93 - - - - - - - - 32 2. 21M achine-tool operators, toolroom ___________ 78 2. 65 304 2.85 33 2. 51 132 2. 86 872 2.86 184 2.68 295 3.00 _ n o 2.71 73 2. 57 169 2.88M achinists, production ------------------------------------ 258 2. 70 _ _ 23 2.66 _ _ 219 2.86 142 2. 86 195 2.72 123 3. 33 _ _ 67 2.45 401 2.93Tool and die m akers (jobbing) ________________ 200 2.98 291 2.83 _ _ 160 3.00 743 3.05 290 2.99 577 3. 18 _ _ 87 2.73 _ _Tool and die m akers (other than jobbing) ____ 123 2.99 495 3. 00 65 2. 79 109 2.97 379 3. 15 146 3. 09 376 3.20 68 3. 22 47 2.92 72 2.77 111 3. 14W elders, hand, c la ss A _______________________ 290 2. 57 26 3.01 34 2. 71 265 2.76 216 2.96 55 3. 15 414 2.76 211 2. 96 79 2.74 254 2. 27 461 2.77W elders, hand, c la ss B ______________________ “ “ “ 16 2. 35 50 2.43 170 2.60 147 2.45 " 76 2.72 38 2.44 122 1.84 559 2.62

VOSee footnotes at end o f table.


(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of men in selected production occupations, 21 selected areas, March—June 19622)

Table A-l. Machinery Manufacturing—Men Workers— ContinuedO

Occupation

Middle West Far West

Chicago Cleveland Detroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Denver Los A n geles-

Long Beach PortlandSIH-------- -

F ra n cisco - Oak land

No.of

w ork ers

Avg.hourlyearnings

No.of

w orkers

Avg.hourlyearn ings

No.of

w orkers

Avg.hourlyearn ings

No.of

w ork ers

Avg.hourlyearn ings

No.of

w orkers

Avg.hourlyearnings

No.of

w ork ers

Ayg.hourlyearnings

No.of

w orkers

Avg.hourlyearn ings

No.of

w ork ers

Avg.hourlyearn ings

No.of

w ork ers

Avg.hourlyearn ings

No.of

w ork ers

Avg.hourlyearn ings

A ssem blers, c la ss A __________________________ 2, 323 $2.93 1,087 $3.00 695 $3.31 468 $3.12 578 $2.63 256 $2.85 100 $2.71 1, 215 $2.77 234 $3.01 84 $3.16A ssem blers, class B __________________________ 2, 079 2.61 692 2.79 1,316 2.73 912 2.82 1,071 2.37 708 2.55 67 2.43 791 2.35 91 2.74 208 2.73A ssem blers, class C __________________________ 782 2.14 187 2.54 450 2.51 655 2.61 363 2.06 745 2.17 43 2.18 255 1.95 - - 405 2.44E lectricians, maintenance ____________________ 383 3.23 145 3.08 232 3.38 214 3.15 46 2.98 72 3.19 - - 83 3.03 - - 25 3.31Inspectors, c la ss A ____________________________ 613 2.91 271 2.88 510 3.22 394 2.97 140 2.69 105 3.01 33 2.84 523 2.98 30 3.02 167 3.13Inspectors, c la ss B ____________________________ 434 2.62 237 2.78 412 2.81 449 2.87 161 2.41 61 2.58 10 2.39 152 2.51 - _ _ _Inspectors, c la ss C ____________________________ 150 2.19 74 2.65 67 2.73 103 2.58 - - - - - - 22 2.23 - - _ _Janitors, porters, and cleaners ______________ 767 2.06 444 2.13 984 2.38 412 2.20 249 1.99 163 2.08 63 1.93 501 2.03 28 2.41 105 2.33L aborers, m aterial handling __________________ 1,453 2.08 368 2.33 740 2.53 737 2.34 348 2.15 358 2.16 - - 250 2.32 50 2.61 50 2.53M achine-tool operators, production,

642cla ss A 1 2 3 ______________________________________ 6, 677 2.97 3,986 2.94 4,945 3.24 2, 183 3.07 1,043 2.71 3.26 242 2.98 5, 236 2.93 543 3.01 1, 159 3.20Autom atic-lathe operators, c la ss A ______ 192 3.06 39 2.88 31 2.97 128 3.01 36 2.67 51 3.03 - - 109 2.87 _ _ 16 3.19D rill-p re ss operators, radial, cla ss A ___ 599 2.93 218 2.94 84 3.23 173 3.04 63 2.71 41 2.85 11 2.93 141 2.80 48 2.95 22 3.19D rill-p re ss operators, s in g le - or

2.66m ultiple-sp indle, cla ss A ________________ 212 2.78 117 3.09 82 2.94 45 2.99 100 9 3.00 - - 231 2.60 - - . -Engine-lathe operators, c la ss A __________ 1,013 2.98 372 2.83 518 3.30 240 2.92 84 2.71 - - - - 900 2.91 121 3.01 92 3.14Grinding-m achine operators, c la ss A ____ 819 2.97 568 3.04 1,927 3.27 272 3.10 79 2.71 41 3.33 - - 1, 572 3.09 20 2.95 _ _M illing-m achine operators, cla ss A ______ 946 2.96 468 3.02 571 3.29 229 3.06 56 2.78 - - 26 3.21 538 2.82 75 3.01 - -Screw -m achine operators, automatic,

cla ss A ____________________________________ 85 3.11 216 3.01 - - 83 3.23 75 2.65 43 3.00 - 103 2.93 - . 144 3.08Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), cla ss A ___________ 982 3.09 676 2.89 588 3.05 504 3.06 260 2.73 33 2.86 - 744 2.86 58 3.01 135 3.11M achine-tool operators, production,

cla ss B 3 ----------------------------------------------------------- 2,600 2.65 1,559 2.74 3,952 2.79 1.696 2.77 619 2.47 614 2.73 105 2.43 1. 336 2.44 73 2.67 426 2.77A utom atic-lathe operators, cla ss B ______ 98 2.85 60 2.56 109 2.71 - - 17 2.47 170 2.77 - - - _ .D rill-p re ss operators, radial, cla ss B ___ 289 2.77 106 2.73 263 2.71 316 2.73 107 2.50 - - 37 2.49 90 2,47 24 2.66 79 2.77D rill-p re ss operators, single - or

266m ultiple-sp indle, c la ss B ________________ 282 2.57 230 2.77 397 2.64 2.77 105 2.48 - - 7 2.40 247 2,32 16 2.63 76 2.84Engine-lathe operators, c la ss B __________ 285 2.62 163 2.97 229 2.99 194 2.66 59 2.52 75 2.60 - - 141 2.41 - - - _Grinding-m achine operators, c la ss B ------- 364 2.58 236 2.77 1,525 2.80 160 2.88 34 2.36 34 2.71 - - 171 2.46 - - 82 2.72M illing-m achine operators, c la ss B ______ 442 2.70 135 2.72 428 2.78 246 2.86 42 2.57 53 2.71 8 2.35 129 2.43 - - - -Screw -m achine operators, automatic,

cla ss B ____________________________________ 50 2.82 49 2.79 186 2.92 19 2.98 - - 50 2.91 - - 14 2.77 - - - -Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), c la ss B ___________ 365 2.65 250 2.62 413 2.82 251 2.75 46 2.55 81 2.57 8 2.49 231 2.60 12 2.71 77 2.77M achine-tool operators, production,

cla ss C 3 ______________________________________ 1,265 2.16 531 2.38 847 2.54 341 2.55 330 1.91 125 2.35 32 2.14 328 2.18 6 2.51 191 2.51D rill-p re ss operators, radial, c la ss C ___ 62 2.65 13 2.44 8 2.49 27 2,66 - - - - - - - - - - - -D rill-p re ss operators, s in g le - or

m ultiple-sp indle, cla ss C ------------------------- 459 2.03 111 2.27 147 2.51 117 2.55 184 1.74 71 2.20 - - 35 2,1 1 - - 82 2,49Engine-lathe operators, c la ss C __________ - - - - - - - - - - 11 2.82 - - 13 2.22 - - - -Grinding-m achine operators, cla ss C ____ 125 2.34 104 2.42 268 2.45 16 2.67 - - 14 2.33 - - 57 2.01 - - - -M illing-m achine operators, cla ss C ______ 144 2.30 72 2.56 194 2.49 - - - - 19 2.50 - - 20 2.36 - - - -Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), c la ss C ___________ 95 2.39 95 2.34 - - - - - - - - - - 17 2.22 - - - -M achine-tool operators, too lroom ___________ 1, 351 3.20 786 2.99 4,276 3.57 524 3.12 204 2.86 228 3.26 33 2.79 367 3.07 20 3.12 66 3.29M achinists, production ________________________ 244 3.02 - - - - - - 132 2.78 290 3.31 - - 654 2.99 97 3.00 330 3.16Tool and die makers (jobbing) ________________ 1, 261 3.64 835 3.14 4,038 3.63 272 3.40 181 3.26 330 3.61 - - 834 3.29 - - „ -Tool and die m akers (other than jobbing) ____ 579 3.32 216 3.20 540 3.45 377 3.32 171 3.06 261 3.48 28 2.94 408 3.21 8 3.66 199 3.66W elders, hand, class A _______________________ 1,469 2.93 613 2.86 380 3.03 553 2.98 606 2.67 199 2.83 201 2.67 1, 308 2.92 273 2.99 361 3,15W elders, hand, class B _______________________ 605 2.46 240 2.57 323 2.69 494 2.74 201 2.51 98 2.43 25 2.46 209 2.57 ” "

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 P ayroll periods covered in individual areas are indicated in the table in appendix C.3 Includes data for operators o f other m achine tools in addition to those shown separately.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Table A-2. Machinery Manufacturing—Women Workers

(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of women in selected production occupations, 10 selected areas, March-June 1962)

Occupation

New England Middle Atlantic Middle West

Hartford New York City Philadelphia Chicago Cleveland

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

A ssem blers, c la ss B ___________________________ 140 $2. 13 22 $2 .17 87 $2 . 22 . . _A ssem blers , c la ss C __________________________ 951 2. 20 199 1.80 - - 760 $ 1 .7 8 83 $2. 36I n s p e c to r s , c la s s R „„ __ _________ - - 15 2. 10 - - 30 2.31 - -Inspectors, c la ss C 531 2. 03 34 2. 09 268 2. 12 53 1.87 129 2.35

M achine-tool operators, production,c la ss B . . _ ___ ___ - - - - - - - _ _ _

M achine-tool operators, production,c la ss C 2 __ . _____ 404 1. 90 35 2.08 152 2. 36 202 1.96 146 2. 19

D rill-p ress operators, s ingle- orm ultiple-sp indle, c la ss C _______:________ 334 1.90 " ■ “ 64 2. 22 ■ •

Middle West— Continued Far West

M inneapolis- St. Louis Los A n geles- San Francis c o -St. Paul Long Beach Oakland

Number Average Number Average Number Average Number Average Number Averageof hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly o f hourly

workers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings

A ssem blers , c la ss B _ _ —_ . . . _ . 137 $2 . 10A ssem blers , c la ss C . . . . . 734 $2 .48 208 $1 .5 6 496 $ 2 . 28 1, 037 1.71 - _Inspectors, cla ss B — _ __ _____ 92 2. 78 - - - - 34 2.37 - -Inspectors, c la ss C - 510 2. 50 - - 278 2. 19 “ - 97 $2. 32

M achine-tool operators, production,c la ss B . __ __ . . . . _____ 59 2. 68 - - 44 2. 31 - .

M achine-tool operators, production,c la ss C 2 __ _ _ _ ___ 227 2. 65 84 1.98 21 2. 00 51 2.39

D rill-p re ss operators, s ingle- orm ultiple-sp indle, c la ss C ____________________ 87 2.59 ~ “ ■ ■ 43 2.37

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 Includes data fo r operators o f other machine tools in addition to those shown separately.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication criteria .


(Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f men in selected production occupations, 12 selected areas, M arch-June 1962)

Table A-3. Machinery Manufacturing—By Method of Wage Payment

O ccupation2

New England Middle Atlantic

Boston Hartford W orcester BuffaloNewark

andJersey City

New York City Philadelphia

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

workers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numbero f

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

A ssem blers , cla ss A:Tim ew orkers 298 $2.47 144 $2.65 - - - 540 $2.82 - - 525 $2.69Incentive w orkers 171 3.20 102 2.83 - - - - 123 3.10 - - 149 2.77

A ssem blers , cla ss B:T im ew orkers . .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 355 2.28 191 2.22 131 $2.36 - - 860 2.24 590 $2.28 448 2.38Incentive w orkers _____________ ____ _____ ____ 120 2.79 493 2.31 70 2.44 - - 151 2.86 21 2. 38 21 3.33

A ssem b lers , cla ss C:T im ew orkers ______________________________________ - - - - - - - - - - 516 1.71 293 1.77Incentive w orkers __ __ __________ - " - - - " " 403 2.26 19 2. 54

M achine-tool operators, production, cla ss A:T im ew orkers ______________________________________ 1, 178 2. 57 683 2.66 674 2.55 444 $2.63 1,471 2.82 1,658 2.75 1,941 2.73Incentive w orkers __ __ __ __ _ ____ ____ 445 3. 13 632 2.93 135 2.82 342 2.77 369 2.90 208 3.04 489 3. 19

M achine-tool operators, production, c la ss B:T imewo rke r s _____ ______________________________ _ 786 2.27 682 2.33 317 2.31 529 2.43 1,237 2.67 1,032 2.33 744 2.60Incentive w orkers _____ ____ ______________________ 118 2.79 998 2.75 144 2. 57 75 2.80 185 2. 58 74 2. 50 583 3.21

M achine-tool operators, production, c la ss C:T im ew orkers __ ___ 346 1.91 430 2.39 37 1.97 117 2.37 282 2. 10 540 1.91 - -Incentive w orkers __ ___ _ — 12 2. 29 571 2.64 31 2. 18 16 2. 52 145 2.46 217 2. 01 “ ■

Middle West

Chicago Cleveland Detroit Milwaukee St. LouisNumber Average Number Average Number Average Number Average Number Average

of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourlyw orkers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings

A ssem b lers , c la ss A:T ime w orkers __ _ __ __ __ ___ 1,993 $2.93 806 $2.82 - - 208 $2.84 - -Incentive w orkers __________ ______________________ 330 2.91 281 3. 53 - - 260 3. 35

A ssem b lers , cla ss B:T im ew orkers ____ __ __ __ ----- __ 1,577 2. 54 503 2 .55 1,168 $2.71 457 2. 52Incentive w orkers __ __ ----- 502 2.80 189 3.45 148 2.90 455 3. 11

A ssem b lers , c la ss C:Tim ew orkers _ _ _ — — — ------- ------ 611 2. 10 78 2.33 - - 303 2. 30Incentive w orkers — __ ------- __ — — __ 171 2.31 109 2.68 - 352 2.87

M achine-tool operators, production, c la ss A:T im e w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------------------- 4 ,715 2.94 3,133 2.81 4,893 3.24 692 2.83 242 $3.00Incentive w orkers ------------- ------------------------- -------- ... 1,962 3.04 853 3.42 52 3.47 1,491 3. 18 400 3.42

M achine-tool operators, production, c la ss B:T im ew orkers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ -------- 1,680 2. 54 1,090 2. 55 3,655 2.78 676 2. 54 359 2. 72Incentive w orkers ----------------------------------------- -------- 920 2.84 469 3. 18 297 2.97 1,020 2.92 255 2.75

M achine-tool operators, production, c la ss C:T im ew orkers ..... ............................ ,,, —,— 871 1.99 - - 695 2.48 148 2. 26 93 2. 18Incentive w orkers ------------------------------— ------—-----— • 394 2. 53 ■ " 152 2.83 193 2.77 32 2.83

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 In presenting separate estim ates for tim e and incentive w orkers, the criteria w ere: (1) Each method of pay group was reported in at least 3 establishm ents; (2) at least 6 w orkers

w ere reported at each method of pay; and (3) no company represented m ore than 60 percent o f the total employment in the job.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria .


Table A-4. Machinery Manufacturing—Special Dies and Tools and Machine-Tool Accessories

(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of men in selected production occupations, 9 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Occupation

Inspectors, c la ss A ----------------------------------------------------Janitors, porters, and cleaners -------------------------------L aborers, m aterial handling -------------------------------------M achine-tool operators, production, class A 4 -------

Engine-lathe operators, c la ss A ------------------------ -G rinding-m achine operators, class A -----------------M illing-m achine operators, class A ____________Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), c la ss A ________-________M achine-tool operators, production, class B 4 ____

Engine-lathe operators, c la ss B -------------------------G rinding-m achine operators, cla ss B -----------------M illing-m achine operators, class B -------------------Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), c la ss B ---------------------------M achine-tool operators, production, class C 4 ____

G rinding-m achine operators, cla ss C __________ -M achine-tool operators, too lroom ---------------------------Tool and die m akers (jobbing) ____ __________________W elders, hand, cla ss A --------------------------------------------

Chicago Cleveland DetroitSpecial dies M achine-tool Special dies Special dies M achine-tooland to o ls 1 2 a ccessories 3 4 and to o ls2 and tools 2 accessories 3

Number Average Number Average Number Average Number Average Number Averageof hourly of hourly of hourly o f hourly of hourly

w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings

8 $ 2 .9 8 40 $2. 81 15 $ 2 .9 6 82 $3. 1550 1.93 58 2.05 46 1.84 298 $2 . 33 119 2. 2796 3.02 33 2. 30 - - 147 2.61 - -

. _ 403 3. 03 _ _ _ 1,277 3. 17- - 40 2. 87 - _ _ _ 127 3. 16- - 207 3.07 - - _ _ 745 3. 17- 75 3.05 - - - - 207 3.22

- - 36 2.89 - - - - 77 3.0175 2.70 342 2. 57 150 2.46 250 2. 82 912 2.78

- _ 47 2.60 11 2.60 _ _ 14 2. 64- - 153 2. 55 6 2.63 117 2.79 586 2.78- - 65 2.61 - - - - 241 2. 80

- - 33 2. 54 - - - - 48 2. 5758 2.06 120 2. 14 33 2. 12 76 2.40 344 2.44

- - 44 2. 22 - - - - 221 2.48601 3. 36 45 2.96 422 2.95 3, 721 3.60 70 3.47

1, 237 3.65 . _ 800 3. 15 4, 024 3.63 _ _

- - 7 2. 93 12 2.96 26 3. 51 15 3. 11

Boston Hartford Los A n geles- Long Beach Milwaukee Newark and

Jersey City New York City

Special dies and to o ls 2 and m achine-tool a ccessories 3

Inspectors, cla ss A _______________ __________________Janitors, porters, and cleaners ____________________L a borers, m aterial handling ________________________M achine-tool operators, production, class A 4 ____

Engine-lathe operators, c la ss A ________________G rinding-m achine operators, cla ss A ___________M illing-m achine operators, class A ____________Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw machine), c la ss A ---------------------------M achine-tool operators, production, class B 4 -------

Engine-lathe operators, c la ss B -------------------------G rinding-m achine operators, class B ___________M illing-m achine operators, class B -------------------Turret-lathe operators, hand (including

hand screw m achine), c la ss B ---------------------------M achine-tool operators, production, class C 4 ____ -

G rinding-m achine operators, class C __________ -M achine-tool operators, too lroom _________________Tool and die m akers (jobbing) ----------------------------------W elders, hand, cla ss A ---------------------------------------------

Numberof

workers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numbero f

w orkers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

workers

Averagehourly

earnings

Numberof

workers

Averagehourly

earnings

19 $2 .61 47 $2 .5 2 72 $3 .31 19 $2 . 9611 1.70 24 1.84 58 1.84 12 $ 2 .0 0 56 1.62 17 $1 .69- - 19 1.89 - - - - 22 1.70 - -

97 2.66 418 2.90 493 3. 11 _ _ _ _ 53 2.73- . 50 2.83 107 3. 11 _ _ _ _ _ _

66 2.63 238 2.98 167 3. 15 _ _ _ _ _ _- - 53 2.65 50 2.98 - - - - - -

- - 26 2.75 19 2.67 - - - - - -121 2. 32 500 2. 34 150 2.46 70 2.57 75 2.47 190 2. 18

- _ 22 2. 18 _ _ _ _ - _ 22 2. 44_ _ 355 2. 37 77 2. 50 _ _ 15 2. 53 _ _- - 44 2. 31 28 2.41 - - - - - -- - 11 2.21 15 2.32 - - - - . _

89 1. 88 81 2.03 56 1.96 _ _ 76 2.08 79 1.75- - - - 41 1.95 - - 22 1.96 - -_ _ 114 2.59 _ _ 164 3. 10 588 2.73 134 2. 59

155 2.97 291 2.83 815 3.29 269 3.41 743 3.05 290 2.99" “ “ 44 3.05 “ - “ -

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 Includes die sets, j ig s and fixtures, a lso.3 Includes m easuring devices, also.4 Includes data for operators o f other machine tools in addition to those shown separately.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria.


B: Distribution of Workers by Hourly Earnings

Table B-l. Tool and Die Makers (Other Than Jobbing)

(P ercent distribution of men w orkers by straight-time hourly earnings1 in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, M arch-June 1962)

Average hourly earn in gs1New England Middle Atlantic South


andJ ersey City

New York City Philadelphia Pittsburgh Baltim ore Dallas Houston

$2.20 and under $ 2 . 3 0 _________ -____ _— ______ 0.2 4.6 5.6$ 2.30 and under $ 2.40 ________________________ _ .6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.6$ 2.40 and under $ 2 . 5 0 _________________________ 8.1 1.4 3.1 - - - - 6.4 15.3

$ 2.50 and under $ 2.60 ________________________ .8 1.8 4.6 3.7 0.5 4.1 0.5 _ 4.3 4.2 _$ 2.60 and under $ 2.70 __ __ __ __ __ 10.6 6.9 12.3 3.7 4.2 2.7 2.7 _ 4.3 4.2 _$ 2.70 and under $ 2.80 __ __ __ __ __ 12.2 7.5 30.8 3.7 .5 5.5 .8 14.7 21.3 6.9 _$ 2.80 and under $ 2.90 2.4 25.5 15.4 30.3 12.4 8.9 1.9 8.8 4.3 18.1 5.4$2.90 and under $3.00 _ —- 16.3 16.4 15.4 15.6 9.0 9.6 26.1 - 10.6 16.7 3.6

$ 3.00 and under $ 3.10 .8 5.7 _ 28.4 22.2 18.5 19.7 14.7 14.9 16.7 17.1$ 3.10 and under $ 3.20 _ _ _ _ _ 23.6 4.4 13.8 .9 16.6 6.8 6.1 4.4 27.7 _ 67.6$ 3.20 and under $ 3.30 . . . _ 3.3 15.8 _ 1.8 1.8 21.2 9.0 36.8 6.4 4.2 _$3.30 and under $3.40 21.1 .4 _ _ 5.0 13.7 3.2 _ _ _ 4.5$ 3.40 and under $ 3.50 - 13.5 - - 25.3 4.8 10.6 - - - -

$3.50 and under $ 3.60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .8 _ _ 11.9 2.4 4.1 .5 14.7 _ _ .$ 3.60 and under $ 3.70 ________________________ - - _ _ _ _ 13.0 _ _ 2.8 _$3.70 and under $ 3.80 _ __ __ __ ____ __ - _ - _ _ _ .5 _ _ _ _$ 3.80 and under $ 3.90 ________________________ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.8$3.90 and under $ 4.00 ________________________ - - - - - 4.8 - - - -$4.00 and over _ _ _ _ _ _ .5 5.9 . _

Number of w ork ers _ __ __Average hourly earnings 1 _____ _____________ _

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

123$2.99

495$3.00

65$2.79

109$2.97

379$3.15

146$3.09

376$3.20

68$3.22

47$2.92

72$2.77

111$3.14

See footnote at end of table.


(Percent distribution of men w orkers by straight-tim e hourly earnings1 in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, M arch-June 1962)

Table B-l. Tool and Die Makers (Other Than Jobbing)— Continued

Average hourly earnings 1Middle! West F ar West


Long Beach PortlandSan

Francis c o - Oakland

$2.20 and under $2.30 _ _ ______$2.30 and under $2.40 _ _ $2.40 and under $ 2.50 ________________________

$2.50 and under $2.60 $2.60 and under $2.70

1.2

5.4 8.3 2.84.68.3

9.35.6

13.4 29.6 10.6

3.2

2.1 0.65.3

11.14.7

43.318.710.5

-

$2.70 and under $2.80 _ _ .72.43.3

5.4 7.6 9.8 9.2

15.4

27.3

!82.7

-3.2

3.715.114.1 22.8

5.3

13.512.5 4.0

.3

~14.314.342.9

17.9 10.7

0.23.4 2.7

7.4 21.1 35.0 27.9

2.2

-

$ 2.80 and under $ 2 . 9 0 ________________________$ 2.90 and under $ 3 . 0 0 ________________________

$ 3.00 and under $ 3.10 ________________________$ 3.10 and under $ 3 . 2 0 ________________________$ 3.20 and under $ 3.30 _ __

3.13.0

4.4

4.6 10.69.3

56.33.7 1.91.51.7

2.3

_

$ 3.30 and under $ 3.40 __ 3.83.1

42.5AO C

-$ 3.40 and under $ 3 . 5 0 ________________________

$ 3.50 and under $ 3.60 ___ 1.8

: 25.0 -

$ 3.60 and under $ 3.70 _ . 8.1 . 9 " ■ - 44.2$ 3.70 and under $ 3.80 2.6

.71 . 0

1.91.91.11.1

.8

.8

~ 25.0 49.2$3.80 and under $3.90 $ 3.90 and under $ 4.00 _ _

$4.00 and over n 1.4-

-

$0.0 .56.0

Total ............. . _ ____________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Number of w orkersAverage hourly earnings 1 ______________________

579$3.32

216$3.20

540$3.45

377$3.32

171$3.06

261$3.48

28$2.94

408$3.21

8$3.66

199$3.66

1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100 .


(P ercent distribution o f men w orkers by straight-time hourly earnings 1 in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, M arch—June 1962)

Table B-2. Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class A

New England Middle Atlantic SouthAverage hourly earnings 1


andJersey City


$ 1. 70 and under $ 1.80 __ ______________ 0. 3$ 1 .8 0 and under $ 1 -9 0 — ____ - _ 0.7 . 8 - 0 . 1 _ - _ _$ 1 .9 0 and under $ 2 . 00 ________________________ 0 .2 0. 5 3.0 . 5 0 . 1 - - - - 0 .8

$ 2 . 00 and under $ 2 . 10 __ ___ __ 1 .0 _ 1 .6 1. 7 _ .8 0 . 1 _ . 3 .3$ 2 . 10 and under $ 2 . 20 __ ___ __ __ ____ 1.9 1.7 1.4 3. 3 _ .7 . 5 _ 0. 3 5. 1 _$ 2 .2 0 and under $ 2.30 _______________________ 8 .4 1 .0 3.5 . 5 . 5 1 . 1 5. 1 _ 9 .4 16. 5 0 .8$ 2 .30 and under $ 2 . 4 0 _______________________ 6 .8 3.3 9.4 5. 1 3. 5 2 .9 2 . 1 0 . 1 3 .4 9 .2 .8$ 2. 40 and under $ 2. 50 ________________________ 16. 5 5.5 10.3 6 . 6 13.2 7. 1 6 .3 2 .2 4. 8 20. 5 1.9

$ 2. 50 and under $ 2. 60 __ ____ __ __ _____ _ 15.5 19. 1 15.7 16.4 9.7 1 2 .6 9 .2 1.4 25. 1 21.4 5.8$ 2. 60 and under $ 2. 70 ________________________ 8.9 16.0 24.6 7. 5 8 .2 13.7 17.2 10.9 1 9 .6 17.3 17.7$ 2. 70 and under $ 2. 8 0 ________________________ 8 .1 12. 5 14.5 12 . 8 7 .3 1 2 .6 17. 5 15.1 12. 5 4 .9 33.9$ 2 . 80 and under $ 2 . 90 __ __________ ____ 7.9 9 .0 5.1 24. 0 7 .4 14. 1 15.3 1 9 .8 8 .9 .3 21.4$ 2. 90 and under $ 3.00 ________________________ 3 .4 10 . 1 4.7 14. 1 9 .8 12 . 1 4 .2 7 .4 2 .6 .7 12 . 1

$ 3. 00 and under $ 3 .1 0 __ _____ __ __ ___ 2.3 4 .0 2 .0 2 .9 30.7 6 .2 4 .7 13.7 2 .6 _ 3.9$ 3 .1 0 and under $ 3 .2 0 __ ___ ______ _ 6 .0 4. 0 1.7 1 .8 3.9 11.4 6 .2 4 .9 . 5 _ . 7$ 3. 20 and under $ 3. 30 ________________________ 1. 1 6.7 1 .2 . 1 2. 5 2 .0 1 .2 1.5 1 .8 _ . 2$ 3 .3 0 and under $ 3. 40 ________________________ 2 .0 1.3 .2 1. 0 .9 .8 3 .0 8 .7 2 .6 _ .4$ 3. 40 and under $ 3. 50 ____ ___ _ 1 .2 .8 •1 . 3 1 .0 .4 .9 • 1 .8 - . 3

$ 3. 50 and under $ 3. 60 _________ _ __ __ _ .8 .9 .1 . 3 1 .0 .6 .9 2 .0 1 .6 _ . 1$ 3 .60 and under $ 3 .70 ________________________ 2 .0 .6 . 1 _ .3 .2 1 .1 3.8 1.4 _ _$ 3 .7 0 and under $ 3. 80 __ ____ __ 1. 5 . 5 . _ _ .3 .3 3 .6 . 8 _ _$ 3. 80 and under $ 3. 90 ________________________ 2 .0 . 5 . _ _ . 1 .8 2 .5 .5 _ _$ 3. 90 and under $ 4. 00 ________________________ .7 . 5 •x - . 1 .6 1 .2 .8 - -

$ 4. 00 and o v e r _________________________________ 1.4 1.4 . - _ .3 2 .8 1 .2 . 2 _

T o t a l .................................................................... 1 00 .0 100. 0 100.0 100 . 0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0

Number o f w orkers __ _ „ ______ __ ____ 1,623 1, 315 809 786 1, 840 1 ,8 6 6 2,430 1,710 626 611 1, 320Average hourly earnings 1 __ _______ $ 2 .7 2 $2 .7 9 $ 2 . 59 $ 2 .6 9 $2 . 83 $ 2 .7 8 $ 2 .8 2 $3 . 03 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .4 3 $2 .7 7



(Percent distribution o f men workers by straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, Marchr-June 1962)

Table B-2. Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class A— Continued

Average hourly earnings 1Middle West Far West



Francisco—Oakland

$ 1 .7 0 and under $ 1. 80 _$ 1 .8 0 and under $ 1 .9 0 _______________________ _ _ _$ 1.90 and under $ 2 . 00 __ _ . - - - - - v / .

$ 2 . 00 and under $ 2 . 10 _______________________ 0 . 1 _ 0 . 1 (2\$ 2 . 10 and under $ 2 . 20 __ ____ __ _ . 1 _ _ _ . 7 0. 3$ 2. 20 and under $ 2. 30 __________ _____________ .3 _ _ 0. 3 2. 7 . 5 0. 2$ 2. 30 and under $ 2. 40 . - . 1 (2) .2 4. 2 1. 6 0 . 8 . 8$ 2. 40 and under $ 2. 50 _______ 4 .9 1 .8 0 .6 .9 6 . 5 .9 2 . 1 1.4 -$ 2 . 50 and under $ 2. 6 0 ____ —_________________ 6 .8 6 . 5 1 .0 2.9 1 0 .8 1. 6 . 8 3. 8$ 2. 60 and under $ 2. 70 _______________________ 7. 5 18.9 3.8 9 .5 22 . 1 2. 5 2.9 8 . 3 0. 9$ 2. 70 and under $ 2. 80 9 .2 12. 1 3.9 13.3 32.2 1.4 37. 6 15. 6 1. 3$ 2 . 80 and under $ 2 . 90 _______________________ 13.2 16. 5 6.7 10 . 0 5.2 3 .4 23. 6 12 . 9 3. 5 0. 9$ 2. 90 and under $ 3 . 0 0 _________ _______ ______ 8 . 1 1 1 .8 10.7 7. 1 4. 1 10.3 2 . 1 2 1 .6 l ! 9$ 3. 00 and under $ 3 .1 0 7. 5 8 .5 9 .9 9 .3 5. 5 7 .3 2. 5 11 . 8 83. 8 8 .4$ 3 .1 0 and under $ 3 .2 0 ______ __ ____ 14.7 3 .9 6 .4 11 . 1 1.5 19.9 1.7 9. 9 9. 4 46. 3$ 3. 20 and under $ 3. 30 18.7 3. 5 1 2 .2 13.3 1 .8 8 .4 3.7 3. 6 24. 3$ 3 .3 0 and under $ 3. 40 _______________________ 4.3 3. 5 1 0 .8 8 . 5 1 .0 5.6 6 . 2 3 .4 6 . 0$ 3. 40 and under $ 3. 50 ____ 1. 2 3 .5 8.3 4. 0 1. 2 6 .9 3.7 6 .2 - 8 ! 5$ 3. 50 and under $ 3. 60 __ 1.4 2 . 1 10. 1 2 .9 . 2 10. 1 2. 5 , 4 g$ 3. 60 and under $ 3. 70 __ ___ .7 2 .3 5.1 2.7 . 1 8 . 1 3. 7 2 . 8$ 3. 70 and under $ 3. 80 _ _ __ .9 1 .6 4 .0 .9 . 1 5. 6 1. 2$ 3. 80 and under $ 3. 90 _______________________ . 2 1 .6 1 .6 1. 1 2.3 2. 5$ 3. 90 and under $ 4. 00 _______________________ • 1 1 .0 1.7 .6 - 1 .4 . 8 - - _$ 4 . 0 0 and o v e r . 1 .7 3 .4 1. 5 _ 1.9 1.7

T otal _ ___ _ _ r.. „ 100 . 0 100 .0 100 . 0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0 1 0 0 .0 100 . 0 100. 0

Number o f w orkers __ _ _ 6 , 677 3,986 4, 945 2, 183 1,043 642 242 5, 236 543 1, 159A verage hourly earnings 1 __ __ $2 .97 $2. 94 $ 3 .2 4 $3 .0 7 $2 .71 $ 3 .2 6 $ 2 .9 8 $ 2 .9 3 $3 .01 $3 .20

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 L ess than 0. 05 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100,


Tabic B-3. Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class B

(Percent distribution of men workers by straight-time hourly earnings 1 in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

00

Average hourly earnings 1New England Middle Atlantic South


andJersey City


Under $1.50 ____________________________________ 0.1 2.0 1.0

$1.50 and under $1.60 ________________________ _ .1 _ _ - 1.0 0.3 _ 1.0 0.3 -

$ 1.60 and under $ 1.70 ________________________ _ .6 - - - .2 .2 - 1.0 3.1 -$ 1.70 and under $ 1.80 ________________________ 0 .2 .5 1.3 - 0.1 2.9 .2 - 2.4 7.8 1.7$ 1.80 and under $ 1.90 ________________________ 2.8 2.2 2.2 4.3 .4 3.0 .2 - 4.0 14.1 -$ 1.90 and under $ 2.00 ________________________ 5.3 1.1 1.7 2.3 1.5 4.7 3.1 “ .5 16.3 2.1

$ 2.00 and under $ 2.10 ________________________ 7.7 3.3 3.9 _ 2.0 3.7 1.9 - 2.6 19.1 1.7$ 2.10 and under $ 2.20 ________________________ 12.9 4.8 10.0 - 5.1 3.3 1.3 - 6.7 16.3 2.7$ 2 .20 and under $2.30 _____________ _____ 21.1 7.5 16.9 2.8 5.8 11.5 2.0 1.3 21.4 12.5 5.6$2.30 and under $2.40 ________________________ 17.8 9.7 21.3 28.0 9.7 21.7 9.6 1.3 17.6 .6 10.4$2.40 and under $2.50 _____ ____________ ___ 14.4 11.3 17.1 26.5 4.1 14.4 9.9 12.2 8.1 5.9 8.3

$2.50 and under $2.60 -------------- -------------------- 4.6 8.9 8.9 3.5 7.2 10.5 2.8 9.2 6.2 2 .2 10.0$2.60 and under $2.70 ________________________ 1.3 10.7 5.0 8.6 9.1 5.9 4.7 26.2 8.3 1.9 22.6$2.70 and under $2.80 __________________1_____ 2.9 8.3 2.6 11.9 6.1 3.8 22.0 26.6 9.5 - 24.1$2.80 and under $ 2.90 __________________ ____ 1.8 11.8 2.2 6.5 18.8 11.1 3.7 3.6 1.4 - 3.5$ 2 .90 and under $3.00 ________________________ 3.7 8.0 2.2 3.3 13.9 .3 8.1 3.6 2.1 - 2.1

$3.00 and under $3.10 ________________________ .6 5.6 .7 .8 15.3 .1 5.6 4.5 1.2 - 1.2$3.10 and under $3.20 ________________________ .8 2.9 2.0 .3 .1 - 3.5 1.1 1.9 - 1.9$3.20 and under $3.30 ________________________ .3 1.5 .4 .5 .5 - 1.1 2.7 1.2 - <6$3.30 and under $3.40 ________________________ .6 .7 1.3 .3 - - 2.0 .7 - - .6$3.40 and under $3.50 ________________ ______ .6 .2 - - - 2.2 .4 .2 ~ .8

$3.50 and under $3.60 ________________________ .1 .2 .2 - - - 2.5 2.5 .5 - -$3.60 and under $3.70 ________________________ .3 - .2 .3 - - 2.7 1.3 .5 - .2$3.70 and under $3.80 ________________________ . 1 - - - - - 2.6 1.1 .2 - -$3.80 and over -------------------------------------------------- .1 .1 - - - - 8.1 2.0 .5 - -

Total _____________________________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Number o f w orkers ------------------------------------------- 904 1,680 461 604 1,422 1, 106 1, 327 557 420 320 482A verage hourly earnings 1 -------------------------------- $2.34 $2.58 $2.39 $2.48 $ 2.66 $2.34 $2.87 $2.77 $2.41 $2.04 $2.57

See footnote at end of table,


(P ercent distribution of men w orkers by straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, M arch-June 1962)

Tabic B-3. Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class B----Continued

Average hourly earnings 1Middl e West Far West

Chicago Cleveland D etroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Denver Los A n ge les-


F ra n cisco - Oak land

Under $1.50 _____________ ____

$ 1.50 and under $ 1.60 ___ __$ 1.60 and under $ 1.70 ________________________ _ _$ 1.70 and under $ 1.80 ________________________ (2) . _ _ 1.0 ' ~$ 1.80 and under $ 1.90 _______ ___ _ _ 0.3 0.5 1.0$ 1.90 and under $2.00 ___ _______ __ 1.1 .3 - - 2.6 0.5 1.9 1.6 _$ 2 .00 and under $ 2 .10 _ _ 2.1 _ 0.4 0.3 .8 .5 2.9 2 4$ 2 .10 and under $ 2 .20 ___ _ 2.6 . .6 .3 3.7 1.0 2.9 14 1 “$2.20 and under $2.30 ________________________ 7.6 4.1 1.9 3.7 7.6 3.1 7.6 4 6 “$2.30 and under $2.40 ________________________ 6.9 10.8 2.3 7.1 17.9 6.4 12.4 15.6 1 “A "$2.40 and under $2.50 ____ _ _ ___ 10.8 8.5 1.7 8.7 28.1 11.2 29.5 22^5 8 .* 2 4.7$2.50 and under $2.60 ________________________ 8.8 16.2 5.8 12.4 22.0 10.6 13.3 12.4 16.4 Q$2.60 and under $2.70 ________________________ 16.0 19.6 18.0 15.7 7.6 13.2 25.7 13.5 15.1

.7a Q$2.70 and under $2.80 13.8 12.6 21.7 14.1 4.5 9.3 6.9 AC k*.7

$2.80 and under $2.90 ________________________ 10.3 4.3 13.4 6.2 1.6 17.9 4.0 12 3b y .2

O k$2.90 and under $3.00 ___ _________ 6.9 3.8 18.4 5.2 1.3 16.6 - 2 .27.06.8

$3.00 and under $3.10 _________ _____ 4.2 2.2 9.1 6.8 1.5 1.5$3.10 and under $3.20 ________________________ 4.3 2.0 5.8 7.1 .3 3.3 ‘ 3.8$3.20 and under $3.30 2.1 2.3 1.0 6.0 .3 1.6 1.9 " “$3.30 and under $3.40 1.2 1.9 2.7 .2 ,3 “$3.40 and under $3.50 .4 1.9 - 1.5 L5 _ _ _ :$3.50 and under $3.60 .1 2.3 j .4 ,3$3.60 and under $3.70 __ _ 2.1 _ .8 .7 ■$3.70 and under $3.80 __ _ _ ... . 1 1.8 _ .6 .5 ■$3.80 and over __ __ __ ______________________ ’.4 2.7 - .5 _ ’.2 _ _ 1

Total ................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Number o f w ork ers __________________________ _Average hourly earnings 1 _ _______ __

2,600$2.65

1,559$2.74

3,952$2.79

1,696$2.77

619$2.47

614$2.73

105$2.43

1,336$2.44

73$2.67

426$2.77

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 L ess than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.


Table B-4. Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class C

(Percent distribution of men workers by straight-time hourly earnings 1 in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March-June 1962)

N)o

New England Middle Atlantic SouthAverage hourly earnings 1


andJersey City


$1.20 and under $1.30 1.1 5.5$1.30 and under $1.40 _________:________________ _ _ _ - - 2,0 - - 6.6 9.9 -$1.40 and under $1.50 _________________________ 0 .8 - - - - 5.8 - 3.3 11.0 2.3

$1.50 and under $1.60 _________________________ 5.6 _ . _ _ 7.5 6.3 _ 3.3 12.1 2.3$ 1.60 and under $ 1.70 _________________________ 7.0 0 .2 4.4 - 8.2 11.2 - - 1.4 20.3 1.1$ 1.70 and under $ 1.80 _________________________ 20.4 1.9 17.6 - 5.6 10.6 6.3 - 20.9 18.1 3.4$1.80 and under $ 1.90 _________________________ 13.1 2.5 7.4 - 2.6 7.9 - 1.9 11.8 14.3 7.3$ 1.90 and under $ 2.00 _________________________ 20.7 2.5 7.4 - 7.3 11.5 .3 - 10.4 8.8 13.0

$ 2.00 and under $ 2 .10 _________________________ 11.5 5.5 13.2 0 .8 12.9 11.9 .3 5.7 14.8 _ 11.3$ 2.10 and under $ 2 .20 _________________________ 8.7 5.9 22.1 21.8 11.7 11.6 5.5 - 11.0 - 9.6$ 2.20 and under $2.30 _________________________ 3.4 3.5 11.8 25.6 10.8 10.7 .5 - 4.1 - 16.4$2.30 and under $2.40 _________________________ 5.6 3.2 8.8 6.8 8.4 1.5 1.6 18.9 6.9 - 15.8$2.40 and under $2.50 _________________________ .3 4.7 4.4 4.5 11.5 .4 70.1 - .8 - 5.1

$2.50 and under $2.60 _________________________ _ 27.7 1.5 18.0 4.7 .3 1.3 32.1 .5 2.3$2.60 and under $ 2.70 _________________________ .6 22.4 - 17.3 6 .6 6 .2 1.6 - .8 - 2.3$2.70 and under $2.80 _________________________ 2.2 3.4 - - 9.1 .1 .3 7.5 1.4 - 1.1$2.80 and under $ 2 .90 _________________________ - 3.2 1.5 5.3 .5 . 1 .5 - - - 2.8$2.90 and under $ 3.00 _________________________ .3 5.6 - - - 2.6 .5 " .6

$3.00 and under $3.10 _________________________ _ 3.1 . . _ .4 .8 34.0 - - .6$3.10 and under $3.20 _________________________ - 2.7 - - .2 .1 .3 - - - -$3.20 and under $ 3.30 _________________________ - 1.0 - - - . 1 1.3 - - - 1.7$ 3.30 and under $ 3.40 _________________________ _ .6 - - - - - - .3 - .6$ 3.40 and under $3.50 _________________________ - .5 - - .3 - - “ -

$3.50 and over ---------------------------------------------------- _ _ . _ _ _ .3 - _ _ .6

Total ______________________________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Number of w orkers _____________________________ 358 1,001 68 133 427 757 381 53 364 182 177Average hourly earnings 1 ______________________ $1.92 $2.53 $2.06 $2.39 $ 2.22 $1.94 $2.34 $2.63 $1.91 $1.62 $2.19



(P ercent distribution of men w orkers by straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Table B-4. Machine-Tool Operators, Production, Class C— Continued

Average hourly earnings 1Middle West Far West

Chicago Cleveland Detroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Denver Los A n ge les-


Francisco—Oakland

$ 1.20 and under $ 1.30 ________________________$1.30 and under $1.40 ________________________ - 16.4 _ _$1.40 and under $1.50 ________________________ - - ' 5.5 - - -$1.50 and under $1.60 __ _____________________ 2.1 _ _ _ 11.2 _ 0.6$1.60 and under $1.70 ________________________ 4.3 _ _ _ _ _ _$1.70 and under $1.80 ____ __________________ 14.2 - _ _ .6 _ 3.1 .6 _$ 1.80 and under $ 1.90 ________________________ 6.2 1.3 1.9 4.4 7.9 _ _ 4.9 _$ 1.90 and under $ 2 .00 ________________________ 14.5 5.3 - 5.9 3.6 12.0 6.3 6.4 -$ 2 .00 and under $ 2.10 ____________________ ____ 7.9 4.1 3.4 5.3 5.8 2.4 28.1 14.9$ 2 .10 and under $ 2 .20 ____ ___________________ 7.0 9.2 14.4 .6 14.8 20.0 25.0 4.9$2.20 and under $2.30 ________________________ 10.9 10.9 3.4 15.2 30.0 39.2 9.4 50.6 _ _$2.30 and under $2.40 ________________________ 5.8 10.0 9.0 10.3 2.7 3.2 28.1 12.8 _ 10.5$ 2.40 and under $2.50 ________________________ 6.6 36.0 11.1 10.9 .6 .8 - 3.7 33.3 36.6

$2.50 and under $2.60 ________________________ 5.6 10.5 7.4 2.9 .9 4.8 _ .6 50.0 46.1$2.60 and under $2.70 ____ ____________________ 5.2 6 .0 13.2 9.7 _ 3.2 _ _ 6.8$2.70 and under $ 2.80 ________________________ 2.3 2.3 6 .8 5.9 _ 2.4 _ _ 16.7$2.80 and under $ 2 . 9 0 ____ __________ 1.6 1.7 16.6 5.3 „ .8 _ _$2.90 and under $3.00 ________________________ 1.3 .9 12.5 4.7 - .8 - - - -

$3.00 and under $3.10 ______ __________________ 2.7 _ _ 7.3 _ 4.0 .$3.10 and under $3.20 ____________________ ____ 1.1 .4 . l 2.1 _ 1.6 _ _$3.20 and under $3.30 ________________________ .3 .8 _ 5.0 _ 2.4 _ _$3.30 and under $3.40 _________ ____________ .2 _ _ 1.2 .8 _ _ _ _$3.40 and under $3.50 ___________________ ____ .1 - - 2.6 - .8 - - - -$ 3.50 and over _________________________________ .2 .6 - .9 _ .8 _ _ _ _

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Number o f w orkers ____ _____________________ 1, 265 531 847 341 330 125 32 328 6 191A verage hourly earnings 1 ______________ ____ $2.16 $2.38 $2.54 $2.55 $1.91 $2.35 $2.14 $2.18 $2.51 $2.51

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.

NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.


Table B-5. Assemblers, Class B toto




andJersey City


$ 1. 40 and under $ 1. 50 ____ _ _______ 0 .7 0 .4 6.7

$ 1. 50 and under $ 1. 60 ____ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 .0 .9 _ _ 6.7 0 .6$ 1. 60 and under $ 1. 70 __ _ __ _____________ _ _ _ _ _ 2 .0 . 2 _ _ 11 . 6 1. 3$ 1. 70 and under $ 1. 80 ______ _____ _ _ _ 1. 1 0 .3 _ _ 2 .4 1 .0 .4 _ _ 21. 3 5.0$ 1. 80 and under $ 1. 90 —I_____________________ .6 .3 2. 5 _ 2 .4 1 .0 .9 _ 4 .8 1 2 .8 >$ 1. 90 and under $ 2 . 00 ________________________ .6 7 .2 4. 5 4 .8 3.7 12. 3 2 . 1 - 1 .6 21. 3 -

$ 2 . 00 and under $ 2 . 10 ________________________ 2.7 2 1 .6 3.5 _ 1. 5 1 0 .0 3.2 _ 1 .6 6 .7 11.9$ 2 . 10 and under $ 2 . 20 ____ . . . . 22 . 1 2.9 3.0 _ 42. 3 8 .5 7 .0 _ 1 .6 6 . 1 9 .4$ 2. 20 and under $ 2. 30 ________________________ 16.6 32.3 15.4 3 .4 15.8 15.4 5. 8 _ 9 .7 4 .9 16.3$ 2. 30 and under $ 2. 40 ________________________ 18. 1 10.4 18.4 13.0 2 .8 7 .4 32.2 9. 1 25.8 1 .8 23. 1$ 2. 40 and under $ 2. 50 ____ _____ 14. 1 10.7 18.9 26.0 1 .8 17.2 11. 1 10.7 2 1 .0 - 2 .5

$ 2. 50 and under $ 2. 60 ------------ ----------------------- 7 .8 4 .8 1 0 .0 17.8 1. 3 12.3 14. 3 13.9 32. 3 _ 16. 3$ 2. 60 and under $ 2. 70 ------------------------------------ 4 .6 1. 3 19.9 13.7 5. 3 3 .4 15. 8 4. 3 1 .6 _ 12.5$ 2. 70 and under $ 2. 80 ------------------------------------ 3. 2 3 .8 3.0 8 .2 9.9 1 .6 _ 11. 2 _ - .6$ 2. 80 and under $ 2. 90 ________________________ 1. 1 1.5 _ 1 1 .0 2. 7 1.3 _ 18. 2 _ _ .6$ 2. 90 and under $ 3. 00 ------------------------------------ 1.5 .6 1 .0 1.4 5.7 .5 2 . 1 . 5 - - -

$ 3. 00 and under $ 3. 10 ___ __ ___ . 8 . i _ _ 2. 3 3.6 . 2 2 . 1 _ _ _$ 3. 10 and under $ 3. 20 ________________________ 1. 3 ‘.6 _ _ . 2 .8 .4 3.7 _ _ _$ 3. 20 and under $ 3. 30 __________ ___ ______ . 2 .7 - _ _ _ . 2 13. 9 _ - _$ 3. 30 and under $ 3. 40 --------- ----------- ---------- .4 .7 _ .7 _ .2 .6 _ _ _ _$ 3. 40 and under $ 3. 50 ------------------------------------ . 2 - - - - - .4 4. 3 - -

$ 3. 50 and under $ 3. 60 ________________________ . 6 _ _ _ _ .4 . 5 _ _ _$ 3. 60 and under $ 3. 70 ____ ____ ___ — _ .4 _ - - - . - - - _ -$ 3. 70 and under $ 3. 80 _______ ________________ . 8 _ _ - - - . 2 - - - -$ 3. 80 and over _ ------------- --------------------- 1. 1 . 1 _ _ - - 1. 1 7 .5 - - .

Total ____________________ 1 00 .0 100 .0 100 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 100 .0 100 .0 1 00 .0 100 .0

Number o f w orkers —___ — -------- ------------- —_ 475 684 201 146 1, O il 611 469 187 62 164 160Average hourly earnings 1 ------------------------------- $ 2. 41 $ 2 . 28 $2 .39 $2 . 52 $2 . 33 $2 .2 9 $ 2 .4 2 $ 2 .8 8 $ 2 .3 9 $ 1 .8 2 $2 . 30



Table B-5. Assemblers, Class B— Continued


A verage hourly earnings 1Middle West Far West

Chicago Cleveland D etroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Denver Los A n geles-


Francisco—Oakland

$ 1. 40 and under $ 1. 50 ........................................

$ 1. 50 and under $ 1. 6 0 .................................. ........ _$ 1. 60 and under $ 1 70 _______________________ _ _ _ _ _ _$ 1. 70 and under $ 1. 80 ________________ 1______ 0 .4 _ 2 .6 _ _ _$ 1. 80 and under $ 1. 9 0 _______________________ 1.7 _ 2 .0 0 .6 _ 2.7 _ _$ 1. 90 and under $ 2 . 00 ------------------------------. . . . . 3.9 - 1 .4 4 .5 - 1 .6 - -

$ 2 . 00 and under $ 2 io __*____________________ 2 .6 ! 0 . 0 ., 1 3.9 1.3 3.7$ 2 . 10 and under $ 2 2 0 ........................................... 2 .0 2 6 _ 24.0 4 .9 13.4 16.9 _ 4 .8$ 2 . 20 and under $ 2 . 30 ........................................ 3.5 1 7 0 .5 4.,9 7 .4 2 1 .6 1.5 14.8 _$ 2 . 30 and under $ 2 40 ........................................ 1 0 .8 4 6 .2 3.,5 15.6 17.7 10.4 2 0 .6 _ _$ 2. 40 and under $ 2. 5 0 ..................... 7 .6 11. 8 5.3 13, 9 18.9 9 .6 43 .3 1 2 .6 - -

$ 2. 50 and under $ 2. 60 ........................................ 8 .2 10., 1 3.5 13.,7 7 .8 5 .4 20.9 8 .6$ 2 . 60 and tinder $ 2 . 70 ........................ 2 1 .0 33.,5 47 .2 13.,8 5.9 3 .4 10.4 8 .5 39.6 2 .4$ 2. 70 and under $ 2. 80 . ___________________ 8.9 7.,7 16.9 3.,7 3.0 . 8 _ 1 .8 7 .7 79.8$ 2 . 80 and under $ 2 ., 90 ___________ ___________ 8 .8 2 ,,0 1.9 5. 6 3 .4 2 .8 _ 6 . 1 44.0 13.0$ 2. 90 and under $ 3. 0 0 ........................................... 10.4 2 . 6 2 0 .2 2 .,4 .7 1 1 .6 - 2 . 1 8 .8

$ 3. 00 and under $ 3. 10 ____ — ______ 5. 1 lt,9 4 .4 3., 3 2 .0 2 . 1$ 3. 10 and under $ 3. 20 .................. ........... 3.7 ,9 _ 24. 3 .7 4 .2 _ _$ 3. 20 and under $ 3. 30 ____ ____ ______ ______ 1. 1 l],2 _ 3. 8 .5 4 .4 _ _$ 3. 30 and under $ 3. 40 .................. ............. (*> 1 .,7 1. 1 . 1 1.4 _ _ _ _$ 3. 40 and under $ 3. 50 . . . . „ . . . 4. 6 - 1. 8 \ l . 1 - - - -

$ 3. 50 and under $ 3. 60 ........................................... (1 2) 2 .,0 _ 8 . 1 3.2$ 3. 60 and under $ 3. 70 ........................................ 1. 9 _ l! 0 _ . 3 _ _ _$ 3. 70 and under $ 3. 80 _________ ______ _____ _ 1,,9 8 _ _ _ _ _$ 3. 80 and over - 6 .,2 - l! 4 - _ _ _ _ _

Total - -------- — — — _______ 100 .0 100.,0 100 .0 100 .

9!$ 2 . <

0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 1 00 .0 100 .0 100 .0

Number o f w orkers - — ___ __ _Average hourly earnings 1 — __ _____ _

2, 079 $2 .61

692 $ 2. 79

1,316$2 .7 3

L212

1,071 $2 . 37

708 $2 . 55

67 $2 . 43

791 $2 . 35

91$ 2 .7 4

208$2 .73

1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 L ess than 0. 05 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.


Table B-6. Laborers, Material Handling


to



andJersey City


$ 1. 10 and under $ 1. 20 _______________________ 0 .8$ 1. 20 and under $ 1 . 3 0 _______________________ - - - - - 1.9 - - _ 27. 9 _$ 1 .3 0 and under $ 1.40 _______________________ - - - - - 6 .7 1.5 _ _ 10.9 3.4$ 1.40 and under $ 1. 5 0 _______________________ - - - 0. 5 2 .9 . 5 - - 1 1 .6 17. 1

$ 1 - 50 and under $ 1 .6 0 ---- 3 .9 3.0 - _ 1.4 6 .3 1 .0 _ 5.4 4 .9$ 1 .6 0 and under $ 1 .7 0 __ _ _ _ __ - 1.3 0 .8 - 1 .0 3 .8 - - f 1 2 .2 1 1 .6 8 .4$ 1 .7 0 and under $ 1.80 ______ 9 .7 6 .6 27. 7 - 3 .8 5.3 - - 2 .4 20.9 2 .3$ 1. 80 and under $ 1 . 9 0 _______________________ 7 .8 1 2 .8 28.6 - 29.0 6 .7 5.9 0 .6 19.5 1 .6 1. 5$ 1. 90 and under $ 2 . 00 _______________________ 19.9 28.9 2.5 2 .6 6 .7 4 .4 - 7 .3 8 . 5 13.3

$ 2 . 00 and under $ 2 . 10 ____ _ ____ _ 16.0 15.4 7.6 2 .6 3 .3 14.4 3.4 _ 53.7 . 8 22 . 1$ 2 . 10 and under $ 2 . 20 __ __ ____ ____ __ 1 6 .0 7 .2 16.0 7 .7 32. 3 15.9 6 .9 8 .3 4 .9 _ 2.7$ 2. 20 and under $ 2. 30 _ __ _ _ __ _ 14.6 12. 1 ? .2 88 . 5 4. 5 6 .7 41.7 31. 5 _ 1. 1$ 2. 30 and under $ 2 .40 _______________________ 12. 1 4 .9 1.7 1.3 2 .9 1.9 33.8 25.6 - - 16.3$ 2. 40 and under $ 2. 50 _ _________ _ ____ - 7 .2 .8 - 8 . 1 1 .0 1 .0 17.3 - - 2.7

$ 2. 50 and under $ 2. 60 _______________________ _ .7 _ _ . 2 15.4 1 .2 _ _$ 2. 60 and under $ 2. 70 _______ __ __ ___ - - - - 10. 5 1 .0 - - - - 3 .8$ 2 .7 0 and under $ 2 . 80 _______________________ - - - - - 2.4 - 10.7 _ - _$ 2 . 80 and under $ 2 . 90 _______________________ - - - - - .5 - 3.6 _ _ _$ 2. 90 and under $ 3. 00 _ _ _ ___ __ __ - - - - - " - - - -$ 3. 00 and under $ 3. 10 _______________________ _ _ . _ _ _ _ 1 .2 .4$ 3. 10 and under $ 3. 20 __ _ ________ ___ - - 5.0 - - - - - - . _$ 3. 20 and under $ 3. 30 _ __ __ - - - - - . 5 - - - - -

Total ____________________________________ 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0

Number o f w orkers ___________________________ 206 305 119 78 421 208 204 168 41 129 263Average hourly earnings 1 ____ _______________ $2.03 $2.03 $2 .0 0 $2.23 $2 . 10 $2.03 $2 . 20 $2.37 $1.92 $1. 52 $1.92

See footnote at end o f table.


Table B-6. Laborers, Material Handling— Continued


A verage hourly earnings 1Middle West Far West

Chicago Cleveland Detroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Los A n g e les -

Long Beach Portland San F rancisco— Oakland

$ 1. 10 and under $ 1. 20 _ ------- _ __ _$ 1.20 and under $ 1. 30 —_________________ ___ - . - _ _ . _$ 1. 30 and under $ 1.40 _____________________ - - . • - _ . _$ 1.40 and under $ 1. 5 0 ______ _________ ______ 0 . 1 - - - - - - -

$ 1.50 and under $ 1. 60 ------- _ .6 _ _ _ 3.4 _ .$ 1.60 and under $ 1 . 7 0 ______________________ 7 .6 _ _ - 1. 1 _ _$ 1.70 and under $ 1 .80 ------- -̂----------. 19.6 - - > 1 .1 0 .6 2 .4 _$ 1. 80 and under $ 1. 9 0 --- ------— __________ 9 .8 0 .3 - 0 .7 2.3 1.4 3 .2$ 1.90 and under $ 2 . 0 0 _____________ ________ 6 .9 3 .5 0 .1 2 .2 7 .5 9 .5 3 .2 -$ 2 . 00 and under $ 2 . 1 0 _______ _____________ 5.2 9 .2 2 .3 9 .4 8 .6 7 .3 2 1 .6 _ _$ 2 .1 0 and under $ 2 . 2 0 ______________________ 9 .6 15.2 - 1 2 .8 52.0 49 .7 2 .8 _ _$ 2. 20 and under $ 2. 30 __________________ ___ 6 .0 10.3 7 .0 26.1 6 .9 8 .1 1 1 .2 _$ 2, 30 and under $ 2 . 4 0 ______ —______________ 6.7 39.7 4. 1 15. 1 3.7 17.9 7 .6 4 .0 26.0$ 2 .40 and under $ 2. 50 ______ _ _ ______ 25.1 3 .8 36.2 6 .8 12.4 3.1 15.6 2 .0 30.0

$ 2. 50 and under $ 2. 60 „-----------—,— 2. 5 1.4 1 9 .2 22.9 .9 2 .5 2 .8 2 2 .0 8 .0$ 2 ,60 and under $ 2. 7 0 -------------- --- --- ------------ .2 7 .3 18.2 1 .8 _ - 29.6 6 8 .0 1 0 .0$ 2. 70 and under $ 2. 80 - . - --------- _ , i 5.7 6 .6 .4 _ . 4 .0 26.0$ 2 . 80 and under $ 2 . 90 _______ ______ ________ . l .5 5 .4 . 1 _ _ . _ .$ 2. 90 and under $ 3 .0 0 _ ____________ _______ 1 .6 .8 .8 - - - - -

$ 3 .0 0 and under $ 3 .1 0 ____ ,__________________ _ .3 _ .4 _ _ _ _$ 3 .1 0 and under $ 3. 2 0 ___—______________ ___ - .8 _ .7 . _ _ _$ 3. 20 and under $ 3. 30 ________ ______________ - .3 - - - - - - -

Total __ _____ 100 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 00 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0

Number o f w o r k e r s ______ ___________________ 1,453 368 740 737 348 358 250 50 50Average hourly earnings 1 $2.08 $2.33 $2. 53 $2. 34 $2. 15 $ 2 . 16 $2.32 $2.61 $2. 53

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekenos, holidays, and late shifts.

NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal 100.


C: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Table C-l. Method of Wage Payment, Job Evaluation Plans, and Labor-Management Agreements

(Percent of production w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, Marchr-June 1962)

toOs

ItemNew England Middle Atlantic South


andJersey City


A ll w orkers . . . . . . . _ ___ — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Method of payment

T im ew orkers __ ______ 83 66 81 77 81 89 81 78 80 100 93Incentive w orkers . . — ________ . . . . 17 34 19 23 19 11 19 22 20 - 7

Piecew ork . . . . . . <l ) 24 8 - 2 2 1 - - - -Bonus . . . . . . . . . — . . . . . . . . 17 10 11 23 17 9 18 22 20 7

Job evaluation plans 2

W orkers in establishm ents with form aljob evaluation p r o c e d u r e s ___________________ 66 73 86 27 34 19 52 71 74 34 43

Ranking m e t h o d _________________________ 1 10 2 - 1 4 30 5 8 5 7C lassification method . . ------- -------- - - 2 - 4 - - 3 6 12 -Point m e th o d _____________________________ 51 62 82 27 29 15 22 57 60 8 -F actor com parison method _____________ 14 - - - - - - 6 - - 36Combination point and factor method — - 1 - - - - - - - 9 -Other . . ____ . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - -

With em ployee representativesparticipating in job evaluation . . — 13 9 32 18 14 13 11 31 26 6 24

With labor grades established inconnection with job evaluation — — —-----— 49 73 84 22 32 19 52 67 72 13 37

With form al rate ranges for tim e-ratedjobs established in connection withjob evaluation _____________ —-__-________„ 53 68 76 27 26 15 51 28 74 34 34

P rov ision s for in crea ses withinrate ranges:

Automatic period ic in creases onbasis o f seniority only _____________ 14 4 - 13 1 10 11 11 2 -

Seniority qualified by period icm erit e v a lu a t io n ------------ — -------------- - - 19 - 5 - 4 - - - 25

P eriod ic form al m erit evaluationo n l y -------------------------- .---------------------— 27 5 20 8 5 2 4 17 48 11 2

M erit, but no form al m eritreview --------------------------- ------------------ <*) - 21 - 3 1 - - - 6

Automatic period ic increasesand then m e r i t ---------------------------------- 12 59 16 6 8 2 33 26 21 -

O th er3 . — . . . — — — — — - - - - 3 - - - - - -W orkers in establishments with no form al

job evaluation p r o c e d u r e s ------ . ------- 34 27 14 73 66 81 48 29 26 66 57

Labor-m anagem ent agreem ents4

W orkers in establishments withagreem ents covering a m ajority ofproduction w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------- 62 86 40 82 79 67 82 95 45 22 62

See footnotes at end of table.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

(Percent of production w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, M arch-June 1962)

Tabic C-l. Method of Wage Payment, Job Evaluation Plans, and Labor-Management Agreements— Continued

ItemMiddle West Far West



F rancisco—Oakland

All w orkers __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Method of payment

T im ew orkers __ __ _ __ _ 81 80 93 58 90 81 93 98 100 100Incentive w orkers _ __ _ _ __ _ 19 20 7 42 10 19 7 2 - -

P iecew ork - . . . ________ ____ 9 6 1 21 8 10 5 1 . _Bonus ------------------------------------------------------------ 10 14 6 22 1 8 2 2 - -

Job evaluation plans 1 2

W orkers in establishm ents with form aljo b evaluation p r o c e d u r e s __ _ ____ 46 49 19 89 29 15 24 41 22

Ranking method __ . . . _ _ _ __ (M - - 1 - - 5 2 6C lassification m e t h o d ___________________ 14 1 1 23 - 2 - 3 -Point method . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — 29 25 1 54 27 11 - 28 15F actor com parison method . . . . __ _ 8 _ _ 2 _ 19 4 _Combination point and factor m e t h o d __ 2 15 17 10 - - . 2 _Other ____ ________ _ __ __ __ _ __ - - - - _ 2 - 2 -

With em ployee representativesparticipating in job evaluation _ _____ 4 10 14 38 10 8 17 7 22

With labor grades established inconnection with job evaluation _ _ _ ___ 42 33 14 80 21 5 24 34 _

With form al rate ranges for tim e-ratedjobs established in connection withjob evaluation _ _ _ _ _ 42 45 4 75 29 15 7 34 22

P rovision s fo r in creases withinrate ranges:

Autom atic p eriod ic in crea ses onbasis o f seniority o n l y ___________ 5 2 { ' ) 6 8 4 9 -

Seniority qualified by period icm erit evaluation _ __ __ __ 3 1 1 _ - 9 - _ 6

P eriod ic form al m erit evaluationonly _____________ _____________ . . . . . . . . 9 25 2 10 2 2 5 10 15

M erit, but no form al m eritreview r . ,,, ............... 3 9 - 7 _ _ 2 1 _

Autom atic period ic in creasesand then m erit ___________________ 10 7 _ 27 17 . - 9 . -

Other 3 _ ......... mutt__ 12 . - 26 2 _ _ 6 _ _W orkers in establishm ents with no form al

job evaluation procedures ----------------------------- 54 51 81 11 71 85 76 59 78 100

Labor-m anagem ent agreem ents4

W orkers in establishm ents withagreem ents coverin g a m ajority ofproduction w ork ers _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 79 70 89 81 88 61 45 88 97

1 Less than 0.5 percent.2 See appendix C, scope and method, for descriptions of methods o f evaluation.3 Includes plans which provide for increases in the lower labor grades, by one of the above methods and in the higher grades, by another method.4 Estim ates relate to all production w orkers employed in an establishment having a contract in effect covering a m ajority of the production w orkers. Because of the exclusion of

sm aller size establishm ents, the estim ates so obtained are not n ecessarily representative of the extent to which all w orkers in the area are covered by labor-m anagem ent agreement provisions.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.


Table C-2. Shift Differential Provisions

(Percent of production workers in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Shift d ifferen tia l1

New England Middle Atlantic South

Boston H artford W orcester BuffaloNewark

andJersey City


Second shift

W orkers in establishm ents having58.6 6 6 .0second-sh ift p r o v is io n s _________ _____ 77 .2 92.0 92.7 89.7 77 .0 88.9 95.4 92.4 90. 1

With shift differential ______ ..__ —— 77.2 90 .4 92.7 89.7 77.0 58.6 88.9 95 .4 91.4 61 .5 87 .2U niform dents per hour 18.4 35.0 56.5 73 .4 23.3 6 .8 2 0 .2 83.4 1 0 .0 58.7 86.3

Under 5 cents ________— — ... - - - - - - 2 .0 - - - -*» ___ ___t___ .____ ,____ ____,___ - - 16.2 2 .5 2 .6 3.7 3. 5 - 5. 1 - 3 .0Over 5 and under 10 cents — — 1.9 _ 6.4 1 .0 - - 1 .6 71.2 - 26.4 76 .810 c e n t s ______________________ ___ . 9 .3 23.0 28.8 47 .6 17.8 3.1 6 .9 1 2 .2 5.0 30.3 6 .4O ver 10 and under 15 c e n t s _______— 3.1 1 .2 5.1 10.7 .4 - 5. 5 - - 1.9 -15 cents _ _______________ 2 .2 1 0 .8 - 5.7 - - .7 - - - -O ver 15 and under 20 cents ______ __ - - - - - - - - - - -20 cents hr____ _______ 1 .8 - - 2 .7 - - - - - - -Over 20 cents _..—a.__— - - - 3. 1 2. 5 - - - - - -

Uniform percentage —...—- 54.7 54.8 33.8 16.3 53.6 51.8 68.7 9 .3 76.6 2 .8 -Under 5 percent . . — - - - - - - - - - - -5 percent _........... ...... - 16.0 5.8 - 12.9 - - 2 .4 29.9 - -O ver 5 and under 10 percent —____ & - 2 0 .2 - 11 . 1 4 .2 1 .6 2 .2 - 13.1 - -10 percent _,,j t ...-a....„•---i 47. 3 18.6 28.0 5 .2 35.8 21.7 66.5 7 .0 33.6 2 .8 -O ver 10 and under 15 percent — 6 .9 - - - - 5.8 - - - - -15 percent .5 - - - . 8 22.7 - - - - -20 percent - - - - - - - - - - -

Full day's pay for reduced hodrs 4; 0 - - - - - - 2.7 - - -OtllG V ̂ Mf 1 - Stilii n Vr - - .6 2.4 - - - - - 4 .7 - .9

With no shift d ifferential " 1 .6 • * “ " * “ 1. 0 4 .6 2 .9

Third shift

W orkers in establishm ents havingthird -shift provisions 65.0 80.9 73.4 72. 1 74.7 44.9 82 .0 89.7 81.5 45 .2 74 .8

With shift differential *-*#.*»— 65.0 80.9 73.4 72. 1 74.7 44.9 82.0 89.7 81.5 45 .2 74 .8U niform cents per hour 8 a 7 29.4 39.6 55.9 23.3 3.1 14.5 80.3 3.2 45.2 72 .3

Under 5 cents - - - - - - 2 .0 - - - -5 C6nt8 rn iSSSMSiMSSMiSMt ■ is iMS« . a aaa aWwttt-—--Trrff- - - - - 2 .6 - - - - - -Over 5 and under 10 cents »»»»*»»«.»»& - - - 2 .5 - - 2 .9 - - -10 cents ___ i_____ -_______________ 1.7 16.9 18.3 4 .6 7 .5 3.1 6 .2 3.3 3.2 15.9 4 .0Over 10 and under 15 cents 5i 2 i. - 7 .5 - - 4 .2 74.1 - 22.9 46 .015 cents •■.■MHHHnuiiHnuauttoawu s. 12.5 16.1 38.5 10.3 - 2 .0 - - - -O ver 15 and under 20 cents m*«.s*»**a, - _ - - .4 > - - - - 22.4

i . o 5. 1 2 . 7 6 . 3O ver 20 cents . 2 .5 _ - _ - -

U niform percentage 52.3 51.5 33.8 16.3 51.3 41.8 67.5 9 .0 73. 5 - -5 percent - 4 .5 - - - - - 2 .4 - - -Over 5 and under 10 percent - .5 - 1.3 3.9 - 2 .2 - 10.3 - -10 percent ,,«»»»»,. v»»»»»«.fc-aa-Ev.aa a-.... 36 .4 46. 5 33.8 15.0 46 .4 16.7 57.2 6 .6 63.2 - -

Over 10 and under 15 percent «*»*».*& - - - - . 2 3.3 6.3 - - - -

15 percent 15,9 - - - . 8 2 0 .8 1 .8 - - - -20 percent - - - - - 1 .0 - - - - -

Full day 's pay fo r reduced hours 4 .0 - - - - - - .3 - - -

Other 4 .7 2. 5

S e e footnotes at end o f tablet


Table C-2. Shift Differential Provisions— Continued

(Percent o f production w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Shift d ifferen tia l1Middle West Far West

Chicago Cleveland Petroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Denver Los A n ge les-

Long Beach Portlandban

F ra n cisco -Oakland

Second shift

W orkers in establishm ents havingsecond-sh ift provisions 91,6 88 . 1 9 6 .0 95 .4 92.1 84.9 77.2 89. 1 97.7 92.7

With shift d ifferential 90.3 85.8 95.7 95 .4 92.1 84.9 77.2 89. 1 97.7 92.7Uniform cents per hour 23,6 60. 1 61.9 71 .6 80.1 24.3 73 .4 66.3 3.3 3 .5

Under 5 cents — r - _ _ _ _ _ _5 cents .T- ,- ,tT. , . . . 1T„ 1o r —̂ r - TirI--r3- r- - - 5 .6 1 .2 3.7 _ _ .4 _ _Over 5 and under 10 cents 3,8 10.7 4 .5 18.9 4 .7 2 .4 43 .8 7 .4 . _10 cents _____________________ -r-Tr„Tr—̂ __r. 7 ,6 23.4 6 .9 4 .6 56.8 19.6 27.7 30. 0 3.3 _O ver 10 and under 15 cents — 4.7 15.7 6 .0 27.3 6 . 1 _ _ 13.0 _15 cents ------------ - 5. 1 10.3 32.6 14.2 3.8 _ _ 12. 7 _ _Over 15 and under 20 cents - - .9 - - _ _ _ _ _20 cents --- --------------------- _ 1.5 - 4 .4 - 5 .0 2.3 1.9 . 8 _ _Over 20 cents 1 .0 - 1 .0 5. 5 _ . 2 . 0 _ 3.5

U niform percentage §3.5 2 1 .6 31.6 23.7 1 2 .0 50.0 2. 5 4 .6 1 .2Under 5 percent - - - - - - - 1 .8 - -5 percent - 3 .6 15.6 22.3 - 15.5 2. 5 .9 - _O ver 5 and under 10 percent ___ _ _ 2. 1 2 .4 r .4 7 .3 - - - _ _10 percent 49.2 15.6 1 6 .0 1 .0 4 .7 34. 5 - 1.9 _ 1 .2Over 10 and under 15 percent - - - - - - . _ _ _15 percent 2 . 1 - - - - - - -20 percent , — . 1 - - - - - _ - _ _

Full day* s pay for reduced hours 1.4 - - - - _ . 6 _ _Other 2 r- ^ CTfW-rrTOCT.-rrr;—p—-_ 11.9 i . 1 2 . 1 - 10.5 1 .2 17. 6 94 .4 8 8 .0

With no shift differential 1 .2 2. 3 .3 ~ “ - - -

Third shift

W orkers in establishm ents havingthird - shift provisions ________ 58.7 74.4 80.9 92 .0 75.4 81.2 57.5 63. 1 94 .4 89.2

With shift differential __________ ____ 58.7 74.4 80.9 9 2 .0 75.4 81.2 57.5 63. 1 94 .4 89.2U niform cents per hour „_____ _______ _ 15.1 45.9 46.8 49 .3 64.8 15.3 26.9 12. 5 _

Under 5 cents ~ ________—______ ._____ - - _ _ _ _ > _ _5 cents r̂r^ r—r______________ _____— - - .5 _ 2 . 1 _ _ _ _ _Over 5 and under 10 cents _________ 1 .8 5. 1 1 .6 1 .8 _ _ _ _ _ _10 cents ____ __________ ______________ 2 ,8 11.4 3.3 14.9 5.5 8 .9 2 .0 1.3 _ _Over 10 and under 15 cents __ 3,8 8 . 2 1 .8 4 .8 1 1 .0 2 .4 16.9 _ _ _15 cents __ _____ w __ 4 .3 13. 1 7 .2 7 .9 41.9 1 .8 7 .9 6 .9 _ _Over 15 and under 20 cents ______...__ - 6 .9 5 .0 3.3 _ . . 2 _ _20 cents „ __________ „____ _ 1.5 _ 23.0 11 . 1 1.7 _ _ 2 .2 _ _Over 20 cents __ __ ___„____ 1 .0 1. 1 4 .3 5 .5 2 .6 2.3 _ 2 . 0 _ _

Uniform percentage T ̂ T 2 9 ,6 19.2 30.0 22 . 2 1 0 .6 48.2 _ 1.9 _ 1 .25 percent ________________ ,_____ „______ - - .3 - - 1 .4 _ _ _ _Over 5 and under 10 percent _____ __ - 1. 2 - 3 .2 - _ _ _ _ _10 percent — ------- _ 27.5 16.7 29.6 19 . 0 4 .7 46.9 _ 1.9 _ _Over 10 and under 15 percent _____ 1 .6 - - _ 5 .9 _ _ _ _15 percent -- ____ __ ____ ___ . 6 1. 3 - - - _ _ _ _ 1 .220 percent __ — _ - - - - - _ _ _ _

Full day's pay fo r reduced h o u r s ______ - _ .7 _ _ _ _ .6 _ _Othe r - — —— - 13.9 9 .3 3 .4 20.4 17.6 30.6 48. 1 94.4 8 8 .0

1 R efers to p o lic ies o f establishments either currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. Includes com bination plans such as full day's pay for reduced hours, plus "cen ts" or "percent" differential.



Table C-3. Shift Differential Practices coo(Percent of production workers in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

New England Middle Atlantic South

Shift differentialBoston Hartford W orcester Buffalo

Newarkand

Jersey CityNew York

City Philadelphia Pittsburgh Baltim ore Dallas Houston

Second shift

W orkers em ployed on second shift ----------------- 7.5 13.6 13.2 15.2 9.6 4.6 17.2 22.2 17.5 12.2 24.4Receiving shift differential ________________ 7.5 13.2 13.2 15.2 9.6 4.6 17.2 22.2 17.2 11.5 24.2

Uniform cents per hour -------------------------- - - - - - .6 * “ “Under 5 cents ________________________ - - .4 .4 .2 .3 .2 - “ “ .2Over 5 and under 10 cents __________ .4 - .5 - - - .2 15.9 • 6.3 21.910 cents ______________________________ .6 2.5 4.6 7.4 1.5 - .4 3.8 .3 4.2 2.0Over 10 and under 15 cents _________ .7 .4 .9 1.8 .1 - .8 ■ .4 “15 cents ____ ________________________ - 1.1 - 1.1 - - - “ “ “ *Over 15 and under 20 cents _________ - - - - - - “ ” “ "20 cents ____ _____ __________________ .2 - - .7 - - - - * “Over 20 cents ________________________ - - - .3 .2 - - - ■ *■

Uniform percentage _____________________ 5.7 9.0 6.5 3.7 7.5 4.3 15.0 2.2 16.1 .6 “Under 5 percent ______________________ - - - - - ■ - “ “5 percent ------------ ----------------- ---------- - 1.4 .9 - 2.9 - - .6 9.9 “ *Over 5 and under 10 percent ------------ - 5.7 - 2.6 .9 .4 .7 - 1.8 ■ ■10 percent _________________________ _ 4.1 1.9 5.7 1.0 3.6 .7 14.2 1.6 4.4 .6 “Over 10 and under 15 percent _______ 1.5 - - - - .4 ■ “ “ “15 percent ____________________________ - - - - .1 2.9 “ “ “ “

Full day 's pay for reduced hours --------- - - - - ■ ■ ■ • 2 ' “Other 1 ------------------------------------------------------- - . 1 .3 - - “ " “ .8 “

Receiving no shift d ifferential -------------------- ~ .4 “ '.3 .6

Third shift

W orkers em ployed on third or other late shifts _______________________ ___________ .2 1.2 .9 2.4 .3 .2 4.3 7.5 9.6 1.8 5.4

Receiving shift d ifferential ------------------------- .2 1.2 .9 2.4 .3 .2 4.3 8.5 9.6 1.8 5.4e iUniform cents per hour -------------------------- - .4 .6 1.7 .2 - (2) 6.5 “ 1.8 5. 3

Over 5 and under 10 cents ---------------- - - - - - - ■ ■ “ “ “10 cents ______________________________ - .3 - - .2 - (2) .2 " “Over 10 and under 15 cents --------------- - - - . 1 - - - 6.3 * 1.8 4.015 cents ---------------------------------------------- - .1 .4 1.6 (2 ) - - - - “Over 15 and under 20 cents _________ - - - - (2 ) - - ~ ■ 1.320 cents ______________________________ - - .3 - - - - - “ " "Over 20 cents ________________________ - - - - - - - ■ ■ “ “

Uniform percentage -------------------------------- .2 .8 .3 .7 ♦1 .2 4.2 .9 9.1 '5 percent --------------------------------------------- - . 1 “ ~ " • * "Over 5 and under 10 percent ------------ - - - - ~ - “ " ~ “ “10 percent ___________ __________ ____ .1 .3 .7 .1 .1 3.8 .8 9.1 “ “Over 10 and under 15 percent ----------- - - - - “ .3 ~ “15 percent ____________________________ .1 - - - (2) ’ . 1 “ “ *20 percent ---------------------- —----------------- - - “ “ “ . 1

Full day 's pay for reduced hours ______ - - - ■ “ “ “ " "Other 1 ------------------------------------------------------ .5

See footnotes at end of table.


Table C-3. Shift Differential Practices— Continued

(Percent of production w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Shift d ifferentialMiddle West Far West


Long Beach Portland* San

F rancisco— Oakland

Second shift

W orkers em ployed on second shift ___________ 14.0 16.1 18.6 18.8 13.7 11.1 11.0 14.0 16.1 10.0Receiving shift d ifferential __ ________ ___ 13.9 15.2 18.6 18.8 13.7 11.1 11.0 14.0 16.1 10.0

Uniform cents per hour _________________ 3.1 10.0 11.0 13.6 10.7 4.5 11.0 10.3 _ _Under 5 cents ______ __________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _5 cents _____________ _______ _ - _ 1.3 .2 _ _ _ .2 _ _Over 5 and under 10 cents __________ .3 .9 .4 3.4 .7 _ 7.1 1.3 _ _10 cents _______________ ______„ ___ 1.3 3.7 .3 .8 8.6 3.6 3.3 3.8 _ _Over 10 and under 15 cents _________ 1.0 3.9 1.5 5.3 .7 _ _ 1.8 _ _15 cents ____________________________ .4 1.4 6.4 2.6 .4 _ _ 2.5 _Over 15 and under 20 cents _________ - _ .1 _ _ _ _ _ _20 cents ____ j_________________ _____ . 1 - .8 _ .3 .9 .5 . 1 _ _Over 20 cents ________________________ - - .3 1.3 _ _ _ _ _

U niform percentage _____________________ 8.2 4.2 7.5 5.2 3.0 4.7 - .5 _ _Under 5 percent ____________ ________ - - - - - _ - .5 _ _5 percent __ ____ _________ ______ - .9 3.6 5.2 _ 2.4 . _ _ _Over 5 and under 10 percent ________ .5 . 1 - (2) 1.8 _ , . _ _10 percent ___________________________ 7.2 3.1 3.9 1.2 2.3 _ _ _ _Over 10 and under 15 percent _______ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _15 percent ___________________________ .4 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _

Full day 's pay for reduced hours ______ . 1 - - - - - _ .1 _ _Other 1 __________________________ ________ 2.5 1.0 . l _ _ 1.9 _ 3.1 16.1 10.0

Receiving no shift d ifferential ____________ .2 .9 - 1 - - * - -

Third shift

W orkers em ployed on third or otherlate shifts _____________________________________ 1.7 2.5 1.5 5.5 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.0 3.8 .5

Receiving shift d ifferential ______________ _ 1.7 2.5 1.5 5.5 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.0 3.8 .5Uniform cents per hour _________________ (2) 1.9 .5 1.5 .9 _ .4 (2 ) _ _

Over 5 and under 10 cents __________ (2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _10 cents _________________________ - .1 (2> .4 _ _ _ _ _ _Over 10 and under 15 cents _________ - 1.8 . 1 , i _ .4 _ _ _15 cents _ __________ __ ________ ___ (2) _ .1 _ .8 _ _ (2) _ _Over 15 and under 20 cents _________ _ .1 . _ _ _ (2 ) _ _20 cents ____________ ________________ (*) _ .3 .8 _ _ _ _ _Over 20 cents ______________________ _ _ (2 ) .3 _ _ _ _ _ _

Uniform p e rce n ta g e ___________________ _ 1.2 .4 1.0 2.1 .6 .8 _ _ _ _ .5 percent _____________________________ - - - . _ _ _ _ _ _Over 5 and under 10 percent ______ - - - .1 _ _ _ _ _ _10 percent ___________________________ 1.2 .4 1.0 2.0 .4 .8 _ _ _ _Over 10 and under 15 percent _______ (2) - - - .2 _ . _ _ _15 percent _________ - - - - - _ _ . _ _20 percent _________ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _

Full day 's pay for reduced hours ______ - - - - _ _ _ (2) _ _O th er1 . _ __ . __________________ .5 .2 (2) 1.9 1.0 1.4 .9 3.8 .5

1 Include is com bination plans such as full day's pay for reduced hours, plus "cen ts" or "percent" differential.2 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals.


(Percent o f production w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Table C-4. Scheduled Weekly Hours (Plant Workers) COIsa

New England Middle Atlantic SouthW eekly hours 1 Newark New Y orkBoston H artford W orcester Buffalo and City Philadelphia Pittsburgh Baltim ore Dallas Houston

Jersey City

All w orkers ______ ___ _ ,______T T ______ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Under 37*/2 hours .__,_____ ___,_____ ____________ 2 1 3 337*72 hours _ r r„r - * ^ - - _ _ _ _ 30 _ -

_ _ _ _ 2 _ _83 83 75 52 84 78 64 91 56 58 86

O ver 40 and under 45 hours „__________________ _ 2 - - 1 1 2 _ - 16 -45 hours r̂rnr ;| . __.T .. ........... 8 4 20 9 7 5 5 _ 1 10 8Over 45 and under 4 8 hours ,__________________ _ - - _ - 2 24 _ 2 _ _48 hours _ _,T. ,r, .. rr - - 3 35 - 4 1 6 1 1 6Over 48 and under 50 hours __ __ __ __ - _ - - - _ - - - _ _50 hours _rT̂ trci -j.,- -j- -j. _ ____ 5 2 2 - 4 2 1 _ 3 7 -Over 50 and under 55 hours ____ _— ________ 3 5 - 2 2 2 1 _ 2 6 -55 hours ^ T- , . , , _____ ________ - 3 - - - 1 3 - _ 3 _Over 55 hours ,___ ______ __ _ __________ __

11 ■ " 1 2 " " 2 "


Chicago Cleveland Detroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Denver

LosA n geles- Portland

SanF ran cisco—

Long Beach Oakland

A ll w orkers ___________________________________ — _ TOO 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Under 37*/> hours37*/» hours _ 6 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _O ver 37 V2 and under 40 hours ________ __________;________ ____ - - - - - - - _4 0 hours jp , r i, , 77 68 64

184 94 96 96 79

7100 97

O ver 40 and under 45 hours ___,____________.___ _______ 34 5 h o u rs It ,, r r r 10 4 2 9 3 3 _ 5 _ 3Over 45 and under 48 hours __ ______________________ ___________ ____ 2 (2) - _4 8 h ours l 1 6 _ 1 2 _ _ _ _O v e r 4 8 and under f»0 hours * -?wr- r (2)

42 _

50 hoiirS , nn.-rr- rr.rrTT-r Tjr -j 6 2 (2) 2 4 3O v * r 50 and under 55 h o u rs 3 <*)

25 1

55 hours _____ _ ___________ ___„__ _ _ _____________ __ (2) 2 1 _O v e r 55 h o u rs r v Tr 2 12 17 _ _ 4' /

1 Data relate to the predominant w ork schedule tor day-shift w orkers in each establishment.2 Less than 0. 5 percent,

NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums o f individual items may not equal 100.


(Percent of office w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Table C-5. Scheduled Weekly Hours (Office Workers)

Weekly h o u rs 1New England Middle Atlantic South

Newark New York CityBoston Hartford W orcester Buffalo and Philadelphia Pittsburgh Baltim ore Dallas Houston

Jersey City

loo 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Under 35 hours (2)j

35 hours ___________-•* 4 i 2 ) 1 - 7 40 4 1 - - -O ver 35 and under 3?*/* hours 6 - . 2 3 1 - - - -37l/* hours .MM«»..uuu»iHMuuuu*siuaviu>~wi 14 2 . 2 7 41 14 7 43 - -O ver 37 Vt and under 40 hours 2 3 - 2 5 2 6 - - - -40 hours —------- 72 94 98 69 79 12 74 92 57 83 98O ver 40 hours i i2 ) 1 3 28 (2) 1

1 ■ " 17 2




F rancisco—Oakland

All Workers loo 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

TTnrfev knnfS ____________ _____ ...............— -------- - (2)35 ^nill"S _____________ ___---------------- a--- ------------- !• - <*> <*) _ _ _O ver 35 and under l ? 3/* hours n ------------- --------- ___ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _37 3/ i hours »m u.M M »wu>u>uw uussiuu^".u£iis .... - ...... 10 _ 1 4 2 1 - - - 4

g 1 2 2 24 3............ - - 81 97 94 94 96 74 97 99 100 93

O ver an kAnrl _____ --- (2) 3 4 (2) 3 1

1 Data relate to the predominant WOtk schedule for day-shift w orkers in each establishment. * Lees than 0, 5 percent*3 All workers were Oft a 44-htodr weekly schedule.

NOTE. Because Of rounding, sums o f individual items may not equal 100.

CMCO


Table 0 6 . Paid Holidays (Plant Workers)

(Percent of production workers in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March-June 1962)

Number of paid holidaysNew England Middle Atlantic South


andJersey City

New York City

Philadelphia Pittsburgh Baltim ore Dallas Houston

All w orkers __ __ __ ____ _____ __ _ __ ____ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _____ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 97

L ess than 5 d a y s ______________________________________ _ _ _ . . _ _ . . . 3 .5 days ____________________________________________________ - - - <*> - - 2 - - 44 36 d a y s __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ _____ __ __ . . __ . 6 3 4 8 5 1 3 3 16 21 196 days plus 1 half day _ ____ __ ____ ____ __ __ _ 1 - - 1 2 1 5 - 6 - -6 days plus 2 half days _ ____ ____ __ __ . . ________ n 11 - 8 15 2 3 25 4 2 36 days plus 3 half d a y s _________________________________ - - - 4 3 - - - 1 - -7 days _____ ,_______________ _____________________________ 5 12 18 41 14 11 19 57 33 29 517 days plus 1 half day __________________________________ - 1 5 - 1 1 3 5 - - 27 days plus 2 half d a y s _________________________________ 2 35 10 6 11 - 8 - - - -7 days plus 3 half days _________________________________ - - - 4 (*) 1 - - - - -8 d a y s __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ — __ __ 11 32 30 21 11 19 39 5 40 - 208 days plus 1 half day __ __ _ „ _____ _____ — — _ 15 - 16 - 5 2 2 - - - -8 days plus 2 half days _____ _ __ — ____ __ 4 2 5 6 6 14 12 - - - -9 d a y s __ __ _ __ ______ __ __ __ __ __ 8 5 13 - 15 15 2 5 - - -9 days plus 1 half d a y _____ ______ __ __ __ ------- — 9 - - - 3 2 - - - - -9 days plus 2 half days _ __ __ __ __ __ ------ __ - - - - 7 6 - - - - -10 days ______ __________ __________________________ ____ 20 - - - - 10 2 - - - -10 days plus 1 half day _ __ __ __ . __ 6 - - - - - - - - - -10 days plus 2 half days __ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ 11 - - - 3 2 - - - - -11 days o r m ore ------------------------------------------------------------- 4 - - - 13 - ' * -

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays . . . - - - - - - - - - 1 3

Middle West Far WestMinne Los San

Chicago Cleveland Detroit Milwaukee apolis— St. Louis Denver A n geles- Portland F ra n cisco -St. Paul Long Beach Oakland

All w orkers — __ --------------------- __ __ ------- — — ------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays ________ 98 99 95 100 100 100 100 99 100 100

L ess than 5 days . . . . . . _. ---------- ------------------------- .. _ (?) (l ) . _ _ . . . _5 d a y s __ ._ . . _ — ------- — — — — — — - — - (M 2 - - - - 4 - -6 d a y s __ . . — __ — — ------------ . . - — — — — — 27 16 28 12 17 9 13 24 19 46 days plus 1 half day ._ ._ . . . . ------- . . __ ._ ----------- 2 2 1 - 18 - - 4 - T6 days plus 2 ha1f days _ ._ __ __ . . ------------ ._ 16 41 54 18 26 4 33 18 - -6 days plus 3 half days _ ._ ._ ------- __ . . . . . . — ._ - - - - - - - - - -7 d a y s __ ____ __ — _. ._ __ . . . . — — — — — — 40 17 4 62 28 72 54 28 81 *-7 days plus 1 half day ._ . . _. . . . . — _ _. ------------ 6 1 1 1 1 3 - 6 -7 days plus 2 half d a y s ____________________________________ ___________ 3 9 3 6 1 3 - 4 - 77 days plus 3 half days . __ __ . . __ ._ __ ._ ._ — — - - - - - - - - - - 38 d a y s _____ — ------- ------- . _____ _____ _____ — — 5 6 2 2 8 10 - 11 - 868 days plus 1 half day ----------------------------------- --- ------- -------- ___________ - - - - - - - - - -8 days plus 2 half days . ._ ._ . . __ ._ ____ ____ ____ - - - - - - - - - -9 days — — ------------ ~ ------- — _. . . . . . . _. — - (*) 6 - C ) - - - - - -M ore than 9 days _ . . . . ._ _______ . - - - - - -

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays ___ — 2 1 5 1

1 Less than 0.5 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

(Percent o f office w orkers in m achinery manufacturing. 2i selected areas. M arch-June 1962)

Table C-7. Paid Holidays (Office Workers)

Number o f paid holidaysNew England Middle Atlantic South


andJersey City

New York City

Philadelphia Pittsburgh Baltim ore Dallas Houston

A ll w orkers _ _ ____ _ _ _ __ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid h o l id a y s ______ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99

L ess than 5 days . . . . . ______ — . _ . . _ _ _ . _ 2 _5 days ._ _ _______ - - - - - - (*> - - 28 46 days _ _ . . . . . 2 1 2 6 2 - 3 4 8 22 196 days plus 1 half day ._ _. ___ (|) - - - 1 - 4 1 5 - -6 days plus 2 half days __ ___ (M 19 - 11 8 1 2 7 1 2 26 days plus 3 half d a y s __ ___ - - 3 - - - - 2 - -7 days _,.r.,______ ______________ „__________________________ i 7 8 32 11 13 26 56 47 46 447 days plus 1 half day _ - - 7 - ( l ) 1 3 13 - - 17 days plus 2 half days __— - 38 6 7 6 - 5 - - - -7 days plus 3 half d a y s ---- -------- --------------------------- --------- - - - - 4 3 1 - - - - -8 days . _ _ _ 13 30 32 27 36 15 40 5 38 - 288 days plus 1 half day _ _ _________ ____ 9 - 22 - 2 - 4 - - - -8 days plus 2 half days — ( ’ ) 2 - 10 5 6 10 - - - -9 days — _ — — 10 4 12 - 19 9 2 14 - - -9 days plus 1 half d a y _________________________ _______ _ 4 - - - • 2 3 - - - - -9 days plus 2 half days ___ _ __ - - - - ’ 1 14 - - - - -10 days _ ----- ... . 20 - - - - 8 1 - - - -10 days plus 1 half day __ __ 13 - - - - 2 - - - - -10 days plus 2 half days _ ----- 20 - - - 5 12 - - - - -11 days o r m ore _ __ __ ___ __ 8 - 12 - - 17 - - " - -

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid h o l id a y s ___ - - ’ - - - - - - 1 1

Middle West Far WestMinne Los Sam

Chicago Cleveland D etroit Milwaukee apolis— St. Louis Denver A n geles- Portland Francis c o -St. Paul Long Beach Oakland

A ll w orkers __ __ ._ __ __ ___ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ 99 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Less than 5 d a y s _________________________________________ . . . . _ _ . _ _ _5 days . ___ ____ ___ - ( 1) 1 - - - - 2 - -6 days _ _ ______ . . _ ____ 22 8 13 9 13 8 27 24 39 26 days plus 1 half day __ ___ 5 1 1 - 32 - - 2 - -6 days plus 2 half days _ . 11 35 70 16 19 8 24 21 5 -6 days plus 3 half days . . — ____ - - - - - - - - - -7 days —,---------r__ r,______M. T---------------------------------- „------------ ------------, — 45 24 8 67 24 71 49 34 56 -7 days plus 1 half d a y ____________________________________ 6 1 1 ( ' ) 3 2 - 5 - -7 days plus 2 half days _ __ _ __ 4 9 1 6 1 1 - 5 - 57 days plus 3 half days . _ _ - - - - - - - - - 28 days _____ ___ _ __ ________ „ _______ __ . 5 7 4 1 7 10 - 8 - 928 days plus 1 half d a y __________________________________ ___________ - - - - - - - - - -8 days plus 2 half d a y s ____ . . _ . - - - - - - - - - -9 days — —................................................. ..... - 15 - ( ' ) - - - - - -M ore than 9 d a y s _________________________________________ - - - ” -

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays ____— 1 (*) 1

1 L ess than 0. 5 percent.

NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums o f individual items may not equal totals. qjC/i


Table C-8. Paid Vacations (Plant Workers)

(Percent of production workers in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, Marchr-June 1962)

COC \

Vacation policyNew England Middle Atlantic South


andJersey City


A ll w orkers . . . . . . . . _____ __ __ _ _ _ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Method o f payment

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid v a c a t io n s _____ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100Length -of-tim e payment __ ____ „ 100 94 76 60 92 93 84 75 100 93 90Percentage payment _ _ •_ ̂ ------- - 6 24 40 8 5 15 25 _ 6 10Other __• •• . _ _ ________ - - . . _ 2 1 _ _

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid vacations __ - - - - - - - - 1 -Amount o f Vacation p a y 1

After 1 year o f serv ice :tinder 1 week ___ ____ _ — .... -..... . „ . . . _ 1 (2) 1 3 _ _ _1 week . . . .__. . . _______*_______ . . . __ . _ . . 80 85 81 88 91 87 89 96 100 84 92Over 1 and under 2 weeks ______ _ _ ___________ . 3 5 . _ 4 4 8 . 22 weeks _____ ._ . __ _____ _. _ __ . . ____ . 17 10 19 12 3 8 1 _ _ 13 6Over 2 weeks . . . ____ ̂ _ . . _ . . _ _ .

A fter 2 years of serv ice :Under i week _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ (2) _ . 31 week — —— __ _ ___ _____ . _. _______ 35 47 72 67 44; 23 50 81 32 50 20Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s __________ ____ ______ _________ 39 40 - 10 40 23 45 8 58 2 _2 weeks .....--------- __ _ _ . „ ______ . . . _ ___ 26 12 28 23 16 54 5 8 10 47 80Over 2 weeks _ .... — _ ___________ . . _ _ . .

After 3 years o f service:1 w e e k ---------- - .— __ __ 13 8 20 47 25 11 16 22 30 41 3Over 1 and under 2 weeks ___ _______ __ _ 41 80 _ 20 38 11 76 67 58 2 12 weeks ---- _ _ ---- ----- 44 12 80 33 37 78 9 11 12 56 96Over 2 weeks __________ ___________ -____________ 2 . . _ _ _ . _ _

After 5 years o f serv ice :Under £ weeks _______________ _________ _____ _________ , „ 1 3 2 2 11 7 1 . 5 . 32 weeks . — — _ _ __ _ 94 97 98 98 86 88 97 100 95 97 97Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______ ____________________ ,___ 5 . . _ 2 5 2 . 23 weeks ------------ . . _ . . . . . ___________ . _ . . 1 . . _ _

After 10 years o f serv ice :Under £ weeks . . . . . . . . . __ 1 (2) 2 2 1 2 (2) . 5 _ 32 weeks . . . . — - _____ _ ___ 75 42 98 52 65 69 63 25 54 93 74Over 2 and under 3 weeks . . . . . . ._ . 10 56 - 24 20 5 30 67 23 weeks — -— _ . _ — . _ ._ 14 1 . 23 14 20 7 8 41 4 23O ver 3 weeks ~ ___ . . _ ------ . _ . . _ 3 _

After 12 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks _____ . . . ___ . . . . 1 (2) 2 2 1 2 (2) _ 5 . 32 weeks ----- . . . -------- - 37 19 83 51 45 50 31 12 54 80 28Over 2 and under 3 weeks . ___ . . . . . . . . ___ 32 80 6 24 37 23 52 79 . 23 weeks ...__ . . . . . . ______ ____ 29 l 9 24 17 21 15 8 41 17 69Over 3 weeks . . . __________ . . . . - . . . - 3 3 _ _ _

After 15 years o f serv ice :Under 2 w e e k s ___________ __________________________ . ____ 1 (2) 2 2 1 2 (2) _ . _ 32 weeks ____ . . _______ . . . . . 18 8 4 4 18 33 10 3 22 67 19Over 2 and under 3 weeks . . . _____________________ __. . . . . . . . _ . (2) 1 _ _ 23 weeks —— — . . ___. 81 92 94 94 78 61 84 97 78 30 78Over 3 weeks . . . _. __ . ____ - - . - 3 3 4 .

After 25 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks _ _ _ - - . _ 1 (2) 2 2 1 2 (2) . . . 32 weeks . . — —------- 18 8 2 4 18 30 10 3 21 67 19Over 2 and under 3 weeks --------------------------- ------- ---------- . . . _ _ (2) 1 _ 23 Weeks . —, __ . . . . . _ 44 90 45 63 60 62 33 57 50 27 24Over 3 and under 4 weeks — _ — . - - - . . 2 3 3 6 36 _ . _4 weeks _________ . ------ —_ _ 37 2 51 29 19 2 47 5 29 3 54Over 4 weeks — — — — . " - " “ “ 3 -


(Percent o£ production w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, M arch-June 1962)

Table C-8. Paid Vacations (Plant Workers)--- Continued

Vacation policyMiddle West Far West



F ra n cisco -Oakland

A ll w orkers __ _ _ - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Method o f payment

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid vacations . . ------ 100 99 98 99 100 100 100 99 100 100Length -of-tim e payment __ ------— 96 98 64 89 85 94 100 98 85 100Percentage payment __ _ —,---- _ 4 2 33 11 15 6 - 2 15 -Other __ __ _ __ __________ _ — - . 2 . - . - - _ _

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid vacations — - (2) 2 (2) - - - (2) - -Amount o f vacation pay 1

After 1 year o f serv ice :Under 1 week ___ __ __ ___ (2) - - - - - - _ _ _1 week . . . __ — . . . . _____ . _ 89 76 67 98 91 88 95 83 85 11Over 1 and under 2 weeks . . . . _ (2) 14 12 (2) 5 11 . 9 15 792 weeks . . . . . . . ._ — 10 11 16 4 2 5 8 _ 10Over 2 weeks ___________________________________________ _ . 3 - - - _ . _ _

After 2 years o f serv ice :Under 1 week ____________ ____________________________ - - - - - - . - - .1 w e e k ___________ _______ ________ _________________ _, 67 50 26 75 51 72 60 34 82 9O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------- 9 30 20 21 16 11 22 14 22 weeks ____ . . ___— . . . . . 23 20 46 4 33 18 18 48 - 91O ver 2 weeks ____________ ______________________________ - . 7 - - - - 4 15

After 3 years o f serv ice :1 week _____ _. . _ 14 20 4 27 4 24 - 11 . 4O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------- 28 40 35 62 19 8 39 10 3 _2 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . 59 39 50 11 77 65 61 73 70 96Over 2 weeks ____ _____ _ _____________ ____. . . . . . . . . . (2) 1 9 - - 2 - 6 27

A fter 5 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks ■, — . — 2 3 1 - 1 - 4 11 _ _2 weeks -__-.... ................... 97 94 78 93 92 88 96 79 73 100Over 2 and under 3 weeks ______ ,___ (2) 2 16 6 8 12 - 10 15 .3 weeks ____________ ______________ _____ . ____ .... (2) 1 3 (2) - - - (2) 11 _

After 10 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks __ ._ . . . . ____ (2) 1 1 - 1 - - _ . _2 weeks - . _ . . . . . ._ ____ 47 44 46 31 39 39 88 72 73 12Over 2 and under 3 weeks ______ _ 23 33 42 47 20 14 - 10 15 73 weeks __ . . . . _ _ 29 21 8 23 40 45 12 12 11 82Over 3 weeks _____ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ - - 2 - - 2 - 5 - _

After 12 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks . . . . . . (2) 1 1 - 1 - - 1 _ _2 weeks . . . . . . . _ 42 40 43 7 16 28 48 49 12 7Over 2 and under 3 weeks . . . _ _ 23 38 42 58 19 14 5 16 _ 73 weeks ,—____ _ 35 22 9 35 65 55 47 29 73 86Over 3 weeks - ___ - - 3 - - 2 - 5 15 _

After 15 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks ___________________________________________________ (2) 1 1 - 1 - 1 _ _2 weeks __________ __ ___ _ __ 13 15 28 1 7 7 l l 32 3 7Over 2 and under 3 weeks . . . _ - - 11 - - _ . 4 . _3 weeks — — "•■■T.irn___ ............................ . 83 75 54 88 87 89 89 58 81 93Over 3 weeks ___ — «,— ~ _ 4 9 4 11 5 5 - 5 15

After 25 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks . . __ __ ____ _ (2) 1 1 _ 1 - . 1 _ _2 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . „ --.... 13 15 28 1 7 7 11 31 3 7Over 2 and under 3 weeks ._ - - 9 . . - . 3 . _3 weeks ,„r _................................. ......... . 50 54 52 15 72 82 84 52 77 90Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------- 4 4 4 10 2 2 - 5 154 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ — . . . . . 34 27 3 68 17 9 5 8 5 3Over 4 weeks ______ __ __ _ “ " 5 1 “ ■ “ - -

1 Vacation payments, such as percent o f annual earnings, w ere converted to an equivalent tim e basis. Periods o f serv ice w ere arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily re flect the individual establishm ent provisions for progression s. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 5 years may include changes occurring between 3 and 5 years.

2 L ess than 0. 5 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals, <1


(Percent o f o ffice w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Table C-9. Paid Vacations (Office Workers) coco

New England Middle Atlantic SouthVacation policy


andJersey City


A ll w orkers ______________________________ _________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Method of payment

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid vacations _____ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100Length-of-tim e payment ________ __ ____ 100 100 74 100 99 98 98 100 100 99 100Percentage payment ______________________ __ _________ - - 26 - 1 2 2 - - - -

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid v a c a t io n s__ ■ " ■ • ■ - " " 1

Amount o f vacation p a y 1

After 1 year o f serv ice :1 week ____________ __________________ ___________________ 7 5 5 18 2 14 15 18 14 53 58 59Over 1 and under 2 weeks _______________________________ - (3) _ - _ _ 3 _ _ 1 _2 weeks _____________________________ _____________________ 93 95 95 82 86 85 79 86 47 40 39Over 2 weeks ______ _____ ____________ _________________ - - - - - - - - - - _

After 2 years of serv ice :1 week ____________________________________________________ 2 1 4 10 2 5 4 8 2 8 28 2O ver 1 and under 2 weeks ____________________________ __ 3 1 _ _ 8 3 7 (3) 42 - _2 w*eka 96 98 96 90 87 93 86 98 50 70 98Over 2 weeks ____________________________________________ - - - - - - - _ - 1 _

After 5 years of serv ice :Under 2 weeks _______________ ___________________ _____ 1 (3) 1 - 2 2 _ _ - - 12 weeks 98 97 99 98 95 97 98 97 100 98 99Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________________ 1 3 - 2 3 1 2 3 - 1 -3 weeks _ - _ _ (3) - _ _ - - _

After 10 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks ___________________________________________ 1 - 1 - 2 - - - - _ 12 weeks _____ _____ _____ _______ ______________ _______ ___ 77 43 98 50 48 68 53 58 48 95 73Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________________ 7 26 - 10 25 1 16 36 - 1 -3 weeks ----------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------- 14 31 2 40 24 30 31 6 52 3 27Over 3 weeks ____________________ ______________ ______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _

After 12 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks __________________ ___________ ___________ 1 - 1 - 2 _ - _ _ - 12 w e e k s _________________________________________ _____ 35 39 89 46 29 48 30 41 48 80 30Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________________ 31 29 3 8 41 20 30 39 _ 1 _3 weeks ---------- ----------------- -------- ---------------------- ------ 33 32 7 46 27 32 38 20 52 17 70Over 3 weeks ______ _________________________ __________ - - - - - - 2 - _ _ _

After 15 years o f serv ice :1Under 2 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 - - 2 - - - - - 1

2 weeks ---------- --------------------------- ------------ ---------- ------- 14 4 2 3 7 36 9 7 7 59 16Over 2 and under 3 weeks _________________ ______________ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _3 weeks ___ _ _______ ___ 84 96 97 89 91 64 88 93 93 39 83Over 3 weeks ________________ _____________ _____________ - - - 8 - - 3 - - - -

After 20 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks ---- ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 1 - 2 - - - - - 12 weeks ------------- -------- ----- ------------------------------ --------- 14 4 1 3 7 30 9 7 7 59 16Over 2 and under 3 weeks ______________ ________________ - - - - _ _ _ _ . 1 -3 weeks _ _ _ _ ____ ______ 73 96 96 66 71 70 54 73 93 26 52Over 3 and under 4 weeks ______ ________________________ - _ - 2 _ _ 14 6 - - -4 weeks ____________ _______________ __________ __________ 11 . 3 30 20 _ 23 14 1 13 30

After 25 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks ______________________________ ______ ___ 1 - 1 - 2 _ - - - - 12 weeks ______________________________________________________________ 14 4 1 3 7 30 9 7 7 59 16Over 2 and under 3 weeks ______________ ________________ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 -3 weeks ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- _ 51 89 55 62 45 69 31 47 66 26 46Over 3 and under 4 weeks __ ______________ _________ __ _ - _ 2 - _ 3 33 _ _ _4 weeks ----------- -------------------------------------- ----------------------- 34 7 43 33 46 1 55 14 27 13 37Over 4 weeks ___________________ _______ _______ ____ “ - " - - 2 - -


Table C-9. Paid Vacations (Office Workers)— Continued

(Percent of office w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Vacation policyMiddle West Far West

Chicago Cleveland D etroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Denver

LosA n geles-

Long BeachPortland

SanF rancisco—

Oakland

A ll w orkers ____________________________________________ _ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Method o f payment

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid vacations _____ 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100Length-of -tim e payment _ ____ ______ ___ 98 99 99 99 93 100 100 99 100 90Percentage payment _ ____ _ _ __ 2 - 1 1 7 _ _ _ _ 10

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid v a ca t io n s__ - (3) - - - - - (3) - -Amount o f vacation p a y 1

After 1 year o f serv ice :1 week __________________ _ _________ _________ 2 23 8 11 58 22 38 50 34 71 8Over 1 and under 2 weeks ____________ __ __ _ _ _ 2 6 2 (3) 1 _ 7 _ 72 w e e k s ____________ _______ __ .... „............... 72 86 86 42 78 62 50 59 29 85Over 2 weeks _______ __ _______ ______ 3 _ 1 _ _ _ _

After 2 years o f serv ice :1 week _ ______________ _ _ _ ___ ____ 5 6 4 8 10 18 20 12 7 _Over 1 and under 2 weeks _____________________________ __ (3) (3) 1 5 1 _ _ 4 82 weeks _________ ___ ______________________________ 92 94 92 86 90 82 80 81 85 100Over 2 weeks _ T ___ __ 3 _ 2 _ _ _ _ 3 _

After 5 years of service:Under 2 weeks ___________________________________________ _ (3) (3) (3) _ _ 3 _ _2 weeks ______________ _ _ __ ____ ___ 97 96 95 94 100 98 100 93 98 97Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________________ 3 - 3 6 _ 2 _ 3 33 weeks ______ _____________________ ____________ ____ (3) 3 1 (3) _ _ _ 1 2

After 10 years of serv ice :Under 2 weeks _____ __ __________________________ ____ _ (3) (3) _ _ _ 1 _ _2 weeks ______________ __ ______________________________ 49 45 50 43 53 39 92 72 98 11O ver 2 and under 3 weeks ______________________________ 11 18 17 44 7 11 53 weeks _ __ _________________ __________________________ 40 36 33 13 39 61 8 13 2 84Over 3 weeks ______ ____________________________ ________ - - - - - _ . 3 _ _

After 12 years o f serv ice :Under 2 w eeks _____ ____________________ ________________ - (3) (3) _ _ _ _ 1 _ _2 weeks _________________________..... ....... ................ ........ 39 41 45 22 45 38 50 46 36 8O ver 2 and under 3 weeks _______ __________ __________ 13 23 21 52 10 _ 11 10 53 weeks ___ , .. 48 36 34 26 45 67 39 40 64 87Over 3 weeks ____ - _ ___ __________________ __1__ _ > _ (3) _ _ _ 3 _

After 15 years of serv ice :Under 2 weeks _________________________ __ ____________ _ (3) (3) _ _ _ _ 1 _2 weeks __________ _____________ _ _ _ 5 11 11 2 .** 4 6 15 22 28 6Over 2 and under 3 weeks ____ __ _____________________ - _ 1 _ _ _ _ 43 weeks ______ _________ . _________ _ „ ______ ____ 95 85 86 89 96 89 85 70 72 94Over 3 weeks ______ . . . _______________ ___ ___________ _ 3 2 9 _ 5 _ 3 _

After 20 years of serv ice :Under 2 w e e k s __________________________________ _______ - (3) (3) _ _ _ _ 1 _2 weeks ____ _________ _____________ _________ ______ 5 11 11 2 4 6 15 21 28 6Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________________ _ _ (3) _ _ _ _ (3) _3 weeks __________________________ ______________________ 89 85 85 79 79 83 85 74 67 94Over 3 and under 4 weeks ______________________________ 2 3 1 5 _ _ _ 3 _4 weeks _____________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 . 2 15 17 10 _ (3) 5 _

After 25 years o f serv ice :Under 2 weeks ___________________ ______________________ _ (3) (3) _ _ _ _ 1 _ _2 weeks _____________. . . . __________ ____________ ________ 5 11 11 2 4 6 15 21 28 6Over 2 and under 3 weeks _____________ ________________ A - _ (3) _ _ _ _ (3) _3 w e e k s _______________ _______________________ ________ 53 61 75 11 72 72 74 60 67 92Over 3 and under 4 weeks ______________ ________ _ _ 1 11 _ _ _ 3 _4 weeks _____ ______________ ________________ __„________ 42 28 12 71 23 22 11 15 5 2Over 4 weeks ______ ___________________ ______________ ■ " “ 5 ~ - " -

1 Vacation payments, such as percent o f annual earnings, w ere converted to an equivalent tim e basis. Periods o f serv ice w ere arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual establishm ent provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 5 years may include changes occurring between 2 and 5 years.

2 Includes less than 0.5 percent who received less than 1 week o f vacation.3 L ess than 0.5 percent.



(Percent of production w orkers in m achinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Table C-10. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Plant Workers)

Type of planNew England Middle Atlantic South


andJersey City


A il w orkers _____________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providing —

Life insurance _______________________________ 97 98 98 98 89 86 98 99 90 83 95Accidental death and dism em berm ent

insurance ____________ ____________________ 80 73 75 38 53 47 78 45 62 59 76Sickness and accident insurance or

sick leave or both 1 __________________ ____ 93 93 98 84 68 65 92 98 94 62 80Sickness and accident insurance ________ 91 91 93 2 84 2 64 2 45 92 95 94 56 77Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period) „ 5 2 2 - 5 29 - - - 6 2Sick leave (partial pay or waiting

period) __________________________________ - 1 5 10 2 2 - 3 - - 20H ospitalization insurance ___________________ 96 96 98 98 95 90 98 96 87 90 96Surgical insurance ______________ _________ 96 95 98 98 95 89 95 96 82 90 96M edical insurance ___________________________ 86 85 98 36 62 55 67 42 75 60 58Catastrophe insurance _________ 49 30 58 7 7 5 27 32 5 49 67Retirem ent pension _________________________ 80 84 96 81 62 52 79 80 75 41 68No health, insurance, or pension plan " (3) - 2 5 2 - 1 6 4 2




F ran cisco—Oakland

A ll w orkers ______________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providing —

Life insurance _________________________ ____ 91 93 97 99 88 97 88 94 100 100Accidental death and dism em berm ent insurance ------------ 63 59 81 74 54 83 49 73 100 97Sickness and accident insurance or

sick leave or both 1 _________________________ 88 83 92 99 92 98 78 52 91 12Sickness and accident insurance ------------- ----------------- 85 83 92 99 74 96 69 33 97 7Sick leave (full pay. no waiting period) __ ________ 1 - 17 - 22 - 13 28 - 6Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) ___ 3 - - - - 2 - 4 - -

Hospitalization insurance ___________________________ 92 89 97 100 92 99 88 97 97 100Surgical insurance ----------------------------------------- _______ 91 86 97 <100 89 95 90 97 97 100M edical insurance ---------------------- -------------------- 70 62 97 90 86 91 90 84 97 100Catastrophe insurance ____________ __ 17. 19 5 13 7 12 1 35 94 94Retirem ent pension _____________________ ___ 59 60 75 81 45 65 48 42 66 92No health, insurance, or pension plan _____ 3 2 1 8 10 3

Unduplicated total o f w orkers receiv ing sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately.Excludes plans which met only the minimum requirements of the State law as to benefits or em ployer contributions. Less than 0.5 percent.


Table C-ll. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Office Workers)

(Percent of office w orkers in machinery manufacturing, 21 selected areas, March—June 1962)

Type o f planNew England Middle Atlantic South


andJersey City


A ll w orkers _____________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providing—

Life insurance _______________________________ 96 99 99 99 91 84 99 97 98 89 96Accidental death and dism em berm ent

insurance __________________________________ 81 70 63 33 35 40 67 59 71 68 74Sickness and accident insurance or

sick leave or both 1 ________________________ 90 92 99 92 88 82 78 95 97 73 93Sickness and accident insurance _______ 84 64 94 2 87 2 70 2 42 78 77 69 62 63Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period) __ 56 80 61 73 75 71 78 63 29 21 84Sick leave (partial pay or waiting

period) __________________________________ - - - 15 - - 1 - _ - 1H ospitalization insurance __________________ 95 98 99 97 95 85 96 99 94 94 99Surgical insurance __________________________ 95 98 99 97 94 83 90 99 92 94 99M edical insurance __________________________ 88 79 99 44 39 50 71 66 84 76 70Catastrophe insurance ______________________ 60 68 77 31 18 21 17 29 5 52 85Retirem ent pension _________________________ 85 90 98 89 78 58 82 85 89 59 80No health, insurance, or pension plan ____ ~ (3) 1 5 1 • 1 1 -

Middle West

All w orkers ___________________________________________________

Chicago Cleveland Detroit Milwaukee Minneapolis— St. Paul St. Louis Denver

LosA n geles-

Long BeachPortland

SanF rancisco—

Oakland

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents providing—

Life insurance ____ ____ _ _ 97 95 97 100 94 91 87 95 100 99Accidental death and dism em berm ent insurance ________ 62 54 81 73 55 82 72 77 100 97Sickness and accident insurance or

sick leave or both 1 _______________________ _____________ 91 86 96 95 93 73 80 74 94 23Sickness and accident insurance ______________________ 75 71 88 95 58 56 61 36 94 6Sick leave (full pay. no waiting period) __ _______ 47 31 68 5 64 36 56 60 7 20Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) _ _ _ 5 - 4 - _ 1 _ 7 6 3

H ospitalization insurance _________________________________ 95 92 97 100 97 93 87 99 99 99Surgical insurance ________________________________________ 94 89 97 100 95 89 91 99 99 99M edical insurance _________________________________________ 74 70 96 93 91 87 91 89 99 99Catastrophe insurance ____________________________________ 26 26 31 19 16 39 7 45 69 52Retirem ent pension _ __ 67 76 83 87 57 74 50 53 64 70No health, insurance, or pension plan ___________________ (3) 5 1 1 1 6 1

Unduplicated total of w orkers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately.Excludes plans which met only the minimum requirements of the State law as to benefits or em ployer contributions. Less than 0.5 percent.


Appendix A: Occupational Wage Relationships, March—May 1961

Summary

The occupational relatives studied in this analysis suggest that som e com pression between higher and low er paid occupations took place between 1952—53 and 1961.

In addition, 1961 pay relatives indicate that incentive w orkers held higher positions on the wage scale than tim ew orkers in the same job class ifica tion s ; that incentive pay generally resulted in greater wage gains over tim ew orkers for those in the low er paid o c cupations than for those in higher paid positions; and that there was a greater d isparity between pay for skilled and unskilled occupations in the South than in other regions. Interindustry com parisons showed no consistent d ifferen ces of wage structure among the various product groups.

Although establishm ents included in the m achinery industries tend to have certain production -related activ ities in com m on, d ifferen ces in products, in range of p rocesses requ ired , and in the size o f the labor fo rce result in variation in occupational com position . Establishm ents a lso d iffer in general pay level and in the extent to which incentive methods of pay are used. P rim a rily for these reason s, individual establishm ents included in the survey contribute differently to the average earnings (and wage distributions) for the various jobs studied.

Occupational wage relationships are examined here on an individual establishm ent b a sis , eliminating the inter establishm ent variation factor in contribution to the averages for jobs studied. Wage relationship m easures are provided separately by region , method o f wage payment, and product groupings. C om parisons of findings based on 1961 data are made with those o f a sim ilar study relating to 1952—539 to point up changes in wage structures.

Method of M easurem ent

A verage hourly earnings for men jan itors paid on a tim e basis in each establishm ent w ere used as a base (100); and average hourly earnings for w orkers in other occupations, separately by sex and method o f wage payment, w ere converted to a percentage o f the janitor base. To obtain a basis o f com parison for each geographic, pay m ethod, and product grouping, the median (midpoint) in an array o f establishm ent relatives for the same c la s s ification was selected . 10 M easures o f variation in pay relatives among establishm ents are shown in tables 1 and 2 in the form of m iddle ranges within which on e-h a lf o f the establish ments fe ll. 11

Janitors w ere selected to provide the earnings base because they w ere em ployed in the great m ajority (502 of 603) o f the plants in the wage survey with 50 or m ore w ork ers , the minimum plant size adopted for this analysis. A lso , because o f their position at or near the bottom o f the wage sca le , the percentage d ifferentials between wages for these w orkers and w orkers in job c lass ifica tion s with higher average pay can be obtained readily by subtracting 100 from the percentages reported in the accom panying tables.

9 See Wages and Related Benefits in the M achinery Industries, 1953—54 (BLS Bulletin 1160), appendix A .

10 The approxim ate wage relationship between any two occupations shown for the same geographic or industry grouping may be computed by using the percentages shown as absolute num bers. For exam ple, if the median percentages for tool and die m akers and production m achinists are 149 and 139, resp ective ly , the average wage o f tool and die m akers w ill be found to be 107 percent (149/139 x 100) o f the m ach in ist's rate.

11 The middle range as used here is the central part o f the array.

43Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

44

Nationwide Relationships

Although various form s o f incentive wage system s are used in the m achinery industries, recent Bureau studies indicate that Hartford and W orcester w ere the only areas in which as many as a third of the w orkers w ere paid accord ing to this method. The proportion o f w orkers paid on an incentive basis was generally low est in the areas of the South and W est, and highest in the N ortheast. N early a ll o f the w orkers in maintenance and too lroom w ork w ere paid time rates, and this method o f pay was a lso used by m ost plants for the processin g jobs studied. For these reason s, prim ary attention has been devoted to wage relationships among tim e-rated jobs.

Among the 30 occupational class ifica tion s studied and paid tim e rates, only tool and die m akers averaged m ore than 40 percent above the janitor pay level in a m ajority of the plants (table 1). Those w orkers making tools and dies for sale by the plant (jobbing) averaged 53 percent m ore , while those making or repairing tools and dies for use within the plant (other than jobbing) averaged 49 percent m ore than tim e-rated men jan itors.

Median pay relatives for m ach ine-tool operators in too lroom s, maintenance e lectr ic ia n s , and production m achinists w ere c lose ly grouped just under 140. Am ong other men w orkers paid tim e rates, median indexes ranged from 130 to 135 for fully qualified (class A) w e ld e rs , in spectors , a ssem b lers , and m ost m ach in e-tool operators on production w ork. A ssem b lers , in spectors , and m ach in e-tool operators perform ing routine, repetitive operations (class C) averaged about 10 percent m ore than jan itors.

Women in the m achinery industries are em ployed p rim arily as a ssem b lers , in sp ecto rs , and m ach in e-tool op era tors . Median percentages for the three w om en 's job categories studied (all c la ss C) w ere at or slightly above 100. The corresponding percentages for tim e-rated men w orkers in these three categories ranged from 106 to 109. 12 A number o f factors may influence the pay position of men and wom en w orkers in the same job , in cluding d ifferences in length of serv ice or experience and m inor d ifferen ces in sp ecific duties perform ed .

In a ll jobs for which com parisons w ere p oss ib le , median percentages for incentive w orkers w ere greater than those for w orkers paid time rates , usually 10 to 20 points. The relative pay advantage resulting from incentive w ork was in nearly a ll instances higher for w orkers in jobs requiring a com paratively b r ie f period of training than for those in the h igh er-sk illed jobs. F or exam ple, the ratio of the incentive-w orker d ifferential (i. e. , percentage over the janitor base) to the tim e-w orker d ifferentia l for c la ss C assem blers was 2 V2 to 1, w hereas this ratio for c la ss A assem blers was 1 V3 to 1.

Examination of the middle ranges within which half of the establishm ent percentages fe ll indicates that the plant variation in wage d ifferentials was usually greater for jobs requiring the m ost training and experience. Thus, the "sp read " o f the middle ranges for the large m ajority o f the skilled jobs studied was between 15 and 20 points, w hereas the spread for w orkers perform ing sim ple routine tasks was usually about 10 points.

Regional C om parisons

Among the four regional groupings used in this a n a ly s is ,13 percentage d ifferen ces between pay levels of tim e-rated w orkers in skilled and unskilled jobs w ere consistently highest in the South. Median percentages for tool and die m akers (other than jobbing) ranged from 166 in the South to approxim ately 150 in each of the other three regions. For m ost of the remaining skilled jobs studied, median percentages in the South w ere from 10 to 15 points higher than those in the other regions which w ere usually c lo se ly grouped.

12 Relatives drawn from 28 firm s em ploying both men and wom en class C assem blers produced a median relative o f 106 for men and 101 for women. Following the same p ro cedure for class C in sp ectors , 31 establishm ent relatives resulted in a 107 m edian for men and a 104 median for wom en. For the assem bler category , in 12 o f the 28 firm s the w om en's relative equaled or was greater than that o f men; and for the inspector job , the relative for wom en em ployees was equal to or greater than that for men in 11 o f the 31 firm s.

13 F or definition of regional groupings, see footnote 2, table 1.


45

Among the three southern labor m arket areas included in the survey, average hourly earnings o f men janitors w ere: $ 1. 47 in D allas, $1 . 61 in B altim ore, and $ 1. 84 in Houston,the largest m achinery center in the South. A verages for this job in other areas ranged from $ 1. 76 in Boston to $2 . 34 in D etroit, and in a ll but three areas (B oston, Newark and Jersey City, and New Y ork City) exceeded the Houston average. On the other hand, som e o f the area averages for skilled w orkers in the South exceeded those in other areas. The Houston average for tool and die m akers (other than jobbing) was higher than the average for eight areas outside the South. The greater relative d ifferentia ls in the South are , th erefore , largely the result of the low er than average pay levels prevailing in the region for unskilled labor.

Incentive-w age plans w ere largely lim ited to plants in the Northeast and North Central regions. Based on 20 jobs for which median percentages w ere available for tim ew orkers and incentive w orkers in both reg ion s, incentive w orkers in the Northeast held a position averaging nearly 15 percent over tim ew orkers, com pared with an average o f 9 percent in the North Central region . On a nationwide b a sis , the wage advantage of incentive w orkers in these 20 jobs averaged about 10 percent in 1961, com pared with 12. 5 percent in 1952—53.

Interindustry V ariations

Of the nine m ajor product groups com m only recogn ized in classify ing nonelectrica l m achinery and reported separately in table 2, the m etalworking m achinery and equipment group has the greatest representation in this analysis , accounting for nearly 30 percent of the plants studied. The farm equipment and the engines and turbines groups account for only 2 and 3 percent, respective ly . Labor-m anagem ent agreem ents covering a m ajority o f the plant w orkers w ere reported by 70 percent o f the plants covered by this analysis. In 8 of the 9 product groups, the proportion was tw o-th irds or m ore , and it was nearly th ree-fifths in the large m etalworking m achinery and equipment group. Incentive wage plans w ere reported by som e plants in each o f the m ajor product groups; how ever, the o ff ice , computing, and accounting m achines group was the only one in which half the plants r e ported wage incentives.

D ifferences in median percentages for the various product groups ranged from 8 to 11 points in 8 o f the 12 jobs studied (table 2). The largest d ifferen ces w ere found for m ach in e-too l operators in toolroom s and for tool and die m akers (other than jobbing), 13 and 15 points, respective ly . Sm allest d ifferen ces w ere computed for c lass A and class B w eld ers , 6 and 7 points, respective ly . There was a lack of consistency among the industry groups with respect to high and low m edians. W hereas the m etalworking m achinery and equipment group had the highest median in five jo b s , highest medians in the rem ainder o f the jobs w ere distributed among four other industry groups. Although low est m edians w ere shared by 5 o f the 9 industry groups, the serv ice industry m achines and the engines and turbines groups together accounted for low est medians in 10 o f the 12 occupations considered .

Trends, 1952—53 and 1961

C om parison o f the current findings with those of a sim ilar analysis relating to a 1952—53 period perm it som e insight into the trend o f occupational wage relationships in the m achinery industries. 14 H ow ever, important d ifferences between the two studies prevent any exact m easurem ent o f this change. Changes in the definition o f the m achinery industries affected the survey coverage in som e of the areas studied to a significant extent. 15 Eight areas covered by the earlier study w ere excluded from the 1961 study: Atlanta, Chattanooga,Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Kansas City, P rov iden ce , Seattle, and Tulsa.

14 See footnote 9 for re feren ce to earlier study.15 The Standard Industrial C lassification Manual, prepared by the U. S. Bureau o f the

Budget, was the basis o f industry class ifica tion for both studies. The N ovem ber 1945 edition was used for the 1952—53 study; w hereas, the 1957 edition was used fo r the 1961 study.


46

The follow ing tabulation o f pay relatives for 20 m en ’ s jobs paid on a tim e-ra te basis (selected because o f their high incidence rate among plants) suggests that som e co m p ression in the wage structure o f the industries took place between the two studies.

Median establishment indexes

(Janitors=100)

Tool and die makers (other than jobbing)Electricians, maintenance -----------Machine-tool operators, toolroom -----Engine-lathe operators, class A -------Welders, hand, class A --------------Inspectors, class A ------------------M illing-m achine operators, class A ---Grinding-machine operators, class A —Turret-lathe operators, class A --------Assemblers, class A -----------------Drill-press operators, radial, class A — •Turret-lathe operators, class B --------Welders, hand, class B --------------M illing-m achine operators, class B ----Inspectors, class B ------------------Grinding-machine operators, class B ---Assemblers, class B -----------------Assemblers, class C -----------------Inspectors, class C ------------------Laborers, m aterial handling ----------

1961 1952-5:

149 152139 140138 139135 141135 139134 139133 140132 140132 137131 135127 133123 125123 127122 124121 123119 124118 121109 109109 111104 104

F or 18 o f the 20 jobs used in the com parison , 1961 pay re latives w ere low er than those recorded in 1952—53, by amounts ranging from 1 to 8 points. The medians for m ateria l handling laborers and routine (class C) a ssem blers w ere identical in both periods. Changes in the pay relatives for the three highest paid jobs w ere com paratively slight, amounting to 3 points for tool and die m akers and 1 point for e lectrician s and m ach ine-tool operators (toolroom ). With these exceptions, the greatest changes tended to be for those jobs requiring the m ost sk ill and experience. Thus, the average point change for the eight c lass A occupations was 5.6, com pared with an average decline of 3 points for the six cla ss B jobs.

C om parisons o f the relative pay position o f tim e and incentive w orkers in the same occupation was p ossib le for 16 o f the 20 job s . In a ll but three instances, the point advantage o f incentive w ork ers over their tim e-paid counterparts was sm aller in 1961 than in 1952—53. The amount by which the incentive advantage dim inished ranged from 1 to 11 points.


47

Table 1. Occupational average hourly earnings as percentages1 of averages for time-rated men janitors in machinery manufacturing,by region2 and method of wage payment, March—May 1961

All regions Northeast

Timeworkers Incentive workers Timeworkers Incentive workers

Occupation, grade, and sex

Percent of average Percent of average Percent of average Percent of averagefor men janitors for men janitors for men janitors for men janitors

Number Middle Number Middle Number Middle Number Middleof range within of range within of range within of range within

plants Median which plants Median which plants Median which plants Median whichone-half of one-half of one-half of one-half ofplants fell plants fell plants fell plants fell

Men

248 131 123-141 52 142 133-155 84 132 123-141 22 152 133-159251 118 113-126 69 131 124-140 78 120 114-128 29 133 126-146

Assem blers, class C ---------- 133 109 104-115 49 123 113-131 41 109 104-115 23 117 108-130Electricians, maintenance — 273 139 132-147 (3> (3) (3) 102 138 131-145 (?) ( !) (?)Inspectors, class A ------------ 292 134 126-143 11 151 129-165 91 134 126-144 (*) (?) (?)Inspectors, class B ------------- 208 121 115-129 13 142 131-161 87 122 116-128 (?)

(3)(?) (?)

102 109 106-117 10 127 116-138 38 110 106-114 (3) (3)Laborers, material

(3) (3)handling----------------------------- 308 104 100-109 (3) 109 103 100-109 (3) (3) (3)

Machine-tool operators,production, class A:

D rill-press operators,126 134-168123 127 121-133 50 137 129-149 41 122-132 21 147

D rill-press operators,single- or multiple- spindle, class A --------- - 65 123 117-128 41 138 126-146 25 122 118-127 18 142 131-158

Engine-lathe operators,133-168186 135 126-145 61 143 131-156 58 137 126-143 24 149

Grinding-machine142-169operators, class A ------- 178 132 127-144 64 145 132-158 64 132 127-143 25 155

Milling -machineoperators, class A -------

Turret-lathe operators,184 133 127-143 65 141 132-155

132-156

65

61

135 128-142 24 151 136-162

134-164class A _ _____ 190 132 125-138 72 141 132 127-140 27 154

Machine-tool operators,production, class B:

D rill-press operators,radial, class B ------------

D rill-press operators,101 118 112-124 42 130 124-140 24 116 111-121 12 130 126-140

single- or multiple- rlflss R 97 114 110-120 52 127 121-136 31 113 110-118 21 128 122-140

Engine-lathe operators,125-152 152 129-162c l a s s B _____ ___ ___ 98 124 117-135 44 131 38 122 115-133 14

Grinding -machineoperators, class B ------- 127 .119 114-130 57 138 126-144 49 119 112-127 23 141 128-148

Mi Uing - machineoperators, class B -------

Turret-lathe operators,134 122 115-128 62 133 121-142 51 122 115-127 21 137 128-148

130-150class B -------------------------- 136 123 116-129 64 133 124-148 47 124 116-128 28 139

Machine-tool operators,production, class C:

D rill-press operators,112-121 (3) (3) (3)radial, class C ------------

D rill-press operators,31 112 106-117 12 117 (3) (3) (3)

single- or multiple- spindle, class C ----------- 70 106 102-110 33 122 115-137 21 103 100-107 13 127 114-137

Grinding -machineoperators, class C -------

Milling -machine48 109 104-120 28 123 107-133 16 114 106-121 13 126 122-141

111-129operators, class C ------- 50 110 104-116 30 121 115-130 17 105 99-115 10 125

Machine-tool operators,136 130-142toolroom __________________ 282 138 131-148 14 147 144-163 74 (?) (?) (?)

Machinists, production-------- 81 139 132-152 (3) (3) (3) 27 142 134-156 (3) (3) (3)Tool and die makers

(3) (3) (3) (3){inhbintrl _ _ _ __ ___ 65 153 145-175 15 161 139-188 (3) (3)Tool and die makers (other

(3) (3)than jobbing)______ __ 268 149 142-158 11 157 148-184 102 148 141-155 (3)Welders, hand, class A ------- 258 135 127-143 45 143 135-153 72 135 125-141 12 151 135-167Welders, hand, class B ------- 115 123 116-129 26 136 128-146 31 124 117-131 10 144 132-145

Women

Assem blers, class C ---------- 49 100 95-103 30 113 107-122 13 102 95-109 17 116 108-122(3)Inspectors, class C ------------

Drill-press operators,61 102 99-107 (3) (3) (3) 16 105 100-107 (3) (3)

single- or multiple-103-120 (3) (3)spindle, class C ---------------- 21 101 99-105 15 108 (3) (3) (3) r )

See footnotes at end of table.


48

Table 1. Occupational average hourly earnings as percentages 1 of averages for time-rated men janitors in machinery manufacturing, by region 2 and method of wage payment, March-May 1961— Continued

South 4 North Central West4

Timeworkers Timeworkers Incentive workers Timeworkers

Occupation, grade, and sex

Percent of average Percent of average Percent of average Percent of averagefor men janitors for men janitors for men janitors for men janitors .

Number Middle Number Middle Number Middle Number Middleof range within of range within of range within of range within

plants Median which plants Median which plants Median which plants Median. whichone-half of one-half of one-half of one-half ofplants fell plants fell plants fell plants fell

Men

Assem blers, class A — ------- 27 138 131-149 94 128 122-141 25 138 134-149 43 130 123-135Assem blers, class B ______ 27 118 111-126 103 116 112-124 37 129 124-140 43 117 113-123Assem blers, class C ______ 13 108 101-118 58 110 104-114 24 124 119-134 21 109 106-116Electricians, maintenance — 21 150 144-159 122 137 132-148 <!> ( 3 ) (3) 28 140 135-142Inspectors, class A ------------- 24 143 138-167 128 132 124-140 (*) (3) (3) 49 136 128-143Inspectors, class B ---------— 15 130 118-135 87 120 114-126 ( ) (3) (?) 19 122 116-130Inspectors, class C ------------Laborers, material

11 111 109-123 43 108 105-115 (3)

(3)

(3) ( 3 )

(3 )

10 115 107-121

handling----------------------------- 23 102 99-107 145 104 100-108 (3) 31 108 104-110

Machine-tool operators,production, class A:

D rill-press operators,radial, class A ________

D rill-press operators,(3) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 50 128 120-135 25 134 127-143 23 127 122-131

single- or multiple- spindle, class A ----------- (3) (3) ( 3 ) 24 123 115-128 20 133 126-142 11 125 117-131

Engine-lathe operators,class A ________________

Grinding -machine18 147 137-178 77 132 125-141 30 137 129-145 33 133 127-145

operators, class A ____ 13 148 129-163 73 129 125-140 32 142 130-152 28 136 125-150Milling-machine

operators, class A -------Turret-lathe operators,

16 145 133-159 71 131 125-140 34 138 129-149 32 132 128-143

class A -------------------------- 19 138 132-156 77 129 124-138 37 138 130-155 33 133 127-137

Machine-tool operators,production, class B:

D rill-press operators,radial, class B _______ _

D rill-press operators,13 129 112-150 41 120 114-124 25 130 122-140 23 116 113-119

single- or multiple- spindle, class B _______ (3) ( 3 ) (3) 39 114 110-119 27 127 122-135 21 115 109-120

Engine-lathe operators,131rlasft R ................ _ _ 10 133 122-158 40 124 115-133 27 124-140 10 124 119-140

G rinding -machineoperators, class B ------- (3) (3) (3) 57 119 114-130 30 133 123-142 14 116 115-127

Milling -machineoperators, class B ____

Turret-lathe operators,11 134 124-156 56 120 114-126 37 133 120-142 16 121 115-129

class B _________________ 19 127 122-146 46 121 114-129 34 131 122-145 24 120 116-127

Machine-tool operators,production, class C:

D rill-press operators,radial, class C ------------

D rill-press operators,(3) C3) (3> 14 112 108-116 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)

single- or multiple- spindle, class C ----------- (3) (3) (3) 40 107 105-112 19 122 116-140 (3 ) (3) (3)Grinding -machineoperators, class C ____

Milling -machine(3) (3) (3) 23 106 101-117 13 115 105-127 (3) (3) (3)

(3)operators, class C ____ (3) (3) 25 111 106-117 18 121 117-132 (3) (3) (3)Machine - tool oper ato r s ,

t o o lr o o m . .. .... ._ ..... 18 152 136-167 147 139134

130-148 PI (3)(3)

(3) 4317

141132

134-149127-140Machinists, production_____

Tool and die makers19 152 138-166 18 130-148 (3)

Tool and die makers (other(3) (3 ) ( 3 ) 35 150 144-165 (3) (3) (3) 12 160 147-174

than jobbing)______________ 21 166 149-179 115 148 141-159 (3) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 30 152 148-156Welders, hand, class A ____ 30 144 138-156 103 133 126-140 27 142 130-152 53 135 128-144Welders, hand, class B ____ 20 126 120-130 49 120 115-127 14 137 126-148 15 127 111-136

Women

Assem blers, class C ______ ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 24 100 96-102 13 113 104-122 ( 3 ) (3 ) ( 3 )Inspectors, class C ________D rill-press operators,

(3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 35 101 99-106 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) K H

single- or multiple- spindle, class C -------------- ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 12 100 97-104 ( 3 ) (3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 )

1 Percentages show the relationship between straight-time average hourly earnings (excluding premium pay) for selected plant occupations in machinery plants. In each establishment covered the average hourly earnings for time-rated men janitors were used as a base (100); average hourly earnings for timeworkers (hourly-rated or salaried) and incentive workers (piecework or production bonus) in other occupations were converted to a percentage of that base.

2 Labor markets studied have been grouped for this analysis as follows: Northeast— Boston, Buffalo, Hartford, Newark and Jersey City,New York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and W orcester; South— Baltimore, Dallas, and Houston; North Centra.!— Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit , Milwaukee, Minneapolis—St. Paul, and St. Louis; and West— Denver, Los Angeles—Long Beach, Portland, and San Francisco-Oakland.

3 Number of establishments employing workers in the occupational category (and in the janitor category) too small to justify comparisons.4 Number of establishments with incentive plans too small to justify comparisons for other than timeworkers.


Table 2. Occupational average hourly earnings for tim e-rated men w orkers as percentages 1 o f averages for tim e-rated men janitors in 9 m achinery industries, M arch-M ay 1961

49

Establishment percentages for—

SIC A ssem blers Electricians Inspectorscode1 2 Class A Class B Class C Maintenance Class A Class B

Median Middle Median Middle Median Middle Median Middle Median Middle Median Middlerange range range range range

351 (3) (3) 112 1 1 0 -1 1 7 (3) (3) 131 1 2 8 -1 4 5 134 1 2 4 -1 4 0 115 1 1 2 -1 2 1Farm m achinery and

352 ( 3 ) (3) (3) ( 3) (3) ( 3) ( 3 ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)Construction, mining, and

m aterials handling m achinery andequ ipm en t______ ___________

Metalworking m achinery353 129 1 2 2 -1 3 5 118 1 1 2 -1 2 4 112 1 0 6 -1 1 6 140 1 3 2 -1 4 6 130 1 2 4 -1 3 8 121 1 1 4 -1 2 6

3 5 4 134 1 2 5 -1 4 5 120 1 1 3 -1 3 1 108 1 0 6 -1 1 3 139 1 3 2 -1 4 9 137 1 2 9 -1 5 2 122 1 1 5 -1 3 3Special industry m achinery,

except metalworking m achinery --------------------------- 355 131 1 2 4 -1 3 9 120 1 1 3 -1 3 0 114 1 0 8 -1 2 1 137 1 2 8 -1 4 3 133 1 2 6 -1 4 4 125 1 1 9 -1 3 5

General industrialm achinery and

356 131 1 2 2 -1 3 8 117 1 1 3 -1 2 3 108 1 0 4 -1 1 4 138 1 3 2 -1 4 4 136 1 2 8 -1 3 8 120 1 1 6 -1 2 7O ffice, computing, and

357 127 1 1 9 -1 5 1 114 1 1 1 -1 3 4 (3) <3 ) 141 1 3 5 -1 5 1 130 1 2 7 -1 4 8 124 1 1 7 -1 3 0Service industry

m achines______—__-____ __M iscellaneous m achinery,

3 58 124 1 1 9 -1 2 8 114 1 1 2 -1 2 0 104

<3)

9 9 -1 1 2

(3)

141 1 2 5 -1 5 5 127 1 2 2 -1 3 6 119 1 1 0 -1 2 4

exr«pt p .lfic tr ir .a l ____ 359 133 1 2 8 -1 3 9 117 1 1 4 -1 2 5 146 1 3 4 -1 5 3 138 1 2 6 -1 4 4 124 1 1 8 -1 2 5

Grinding-machine operators Machine- T ool and die m akers W elders, hand

tool operators, tool roomClass A Class B (other than

jobbing) Class A Class B

E n g in e s a n d t u r b in e s 351 (3) (3) (3) (3) 136 1 3 0 -1 4 0 144 1 3 8 -1 5 3 137 1 3 3 -1 4 2 ( 3) (3)Farm m achinery and

e q u ip m e n t ................. ...... 352 <3) (3) (3) (3) 133 1 2 9 -1 3 5 147 1 3 9 -1 5 6 (3) <3) (3) (3)Construction, mining, and

m aterials handling m achinery andequipment ------------- x----- ... ....r

Metalworking m achinery353 127 1 1 9 -1 3 6 116 1 1 5 -1 2 6 132 1 2 7 -1 3 9 147 1 4 2 -1 5 2 132 1 2 3 -1 4 3 120 1 1 6 -1 2 8

and e q u ip m e n t 3 5 4 138 1 2 9 -1 4 9 124 1 1 4 -1 3 4 145 1 3 4 -1 5 4 148 1 4 2 -1 6 8 135 1 2 8 -1 4 7 122 1 1 7 -1 2 7Special industry machinery,

except metalworking m ach in ery_________________ 355 129 1 2 6 -1 3 9 123 1 1 1 -1 4 3 135 1 3 1 -1 4 2 147 1 3 7 -1 5 3 135 1 2 7 -1 4 3 126 1 1 7 -1 3 6

General industrialm achinery and

356 129 1 2 7 -1 4 4 116 1 1 4 -1 1 9 139 1 3 2 -1 4 7 148 1 4 3 -1 6 2 137 1 2 8 -1 4 7 120 1 1 1 -1 2 9O ffice, computing, and

accounting m a c h i n e s -------------Service industry

357 (3) (3) (3) <3)

(3)

139 1 3 7 -1 4 9 159 1 5 2 -1 8 3 (3) (3) (3) (3)

(3) <3) (3)m a c h in e s ..................... 358 132 1 2 6 -1 4 9 146 1 4 1 -1 5 4 131 1 2 5 -1 3 9 119 1 1 7 -1 2 6M iscellaneous m achinery,

except e le ctr ica l___________ 359 135 1 2 5 -1 4 5 116 1 1 5 -1 2 4 143 1 3 4 -1 5 2 153 1 4 7 -1 6 6 136 1 2 9 -1 4 3 (3) (3)

1 See footnote 1, table 1 for method o f computation.2 As defined in the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual, revised 1957, prepared by the U. S. Bureau o f the Budget.3 Number o f establishments employing w orkers in this occupational category (and in the janitor category) too sm all to justify

com parisons.


Appendix B: Wage Indexes, 1945—62

Indexes of average straight-time hourly earnings * of production workers in machinery manufacturing in selected areas and occupations, selected periods,1 2 1945-62

(1958-59=100)

Area and occupation March—June 1962

Marchr-May1961

January1960

January1959

January1958

January1956

January1955

January1954

Area

All areas combined3 ______ _________________ 112. 1 109.0 105.8 101.6 98.4 89.3 85.2 82.6

lU ltfm ora_________ 112.5 110.4 105.8 103.0 97.0 87.8 82.9 76.8B oston___________________________________________ 115.4 112.1 107.4 102.2 97.7 89.1 86.4 83.7Buffalo _ — _ --------- __ ------------------ 111.1 109.0 104.8 101.3 98.6 88.5 83.5 (4)C h ica g o ---- _ . ----- — ----------------------- 111.1 107.8 106.2 101.8 98.2 90.0 86. 6 83.6Cleveland ___________ _________________________ 114.5 110.3 108.0 101.1 98.9 90.4 85.7 83.6Dallas ___________________________________________ 110.9 108.0 104.8 101.7 98.3 89.8 87.4 85.9Denver--------------------- ------------------------------------------ 109.4 108.2 104.8 101.1 98.9 84.7 80.7 (5)Detmit ... ... . . _ _ . ........... . 110.4 108.2 105.3 101.1 98.9 88.7 84.2 81.9Hartford __________ _________________ ______ 114.0 111.3 106.3 101.5 98.4 88.5 84.6 82.2Houston . . __ . 109.9 107.6 107.9 100.4 99.6 89.2 84.7 81.6Los Angeles—Long Beach___ ___ — 111.8 108.4 105.2 101.2 98.7 89.1 85.0 81.8Milwaukee ___ ___ _______________ ______ 112.5 109.2 105.5 101.6 98.4 88.4 84.3 81.8Minneapolis—St. Paul _____________ ___ „ 113.6 111.4 105.2 101.3 98.7 90.6 87.1 84.4Newark and Jersey City ______ ____ _________ 111.1 107.9 103.6 102.1 97.9 90.1 85.9 83.4New York C ity------------------------------------------------------ 111.8 107.8 103.6 100.7 99.3 91.4 88.6 85.3Philadelphia _______________________________ ____ 112.7 110.0 106.6 102.4 97.6 91.1 87.7 85.0Pittsburgh ______________________________________ 110.3 108.5 105.5 102.7 97.3 87.1 80.3 78.7Portland ---------------------- --------- ----------------------------- 117.0 113. 1 110.8 101.6 98.4 88.5 85.6 (5)St. L o u is _ . .. _ _ 115.7 110. 1 105.5 101.7 98.3 89.6 84.9 81.7San Francisco—Oakland__________________________ 112.6 109.9 106. 7 104. 1 95.9 80.9 80.0 77.8W orcester________________________________________ 111.8 108.9 103.5 101.6 98.3 90.4 84.8 (5)

Occupation

Laborers, material handling ____________________ 112.5 109.9 105.7 102.3 97.7 86.7 83.7 80.7Tool and die makers (other than jobbing) _______ 112.7 109.7 105.9 102.0 98.0 89.2 85.1 82.7

Area January January January November November November October January1953 1952 1951 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945

All areas combined3-------------------------------------------- 78.7 73.8 70.0 65.1 64. 1 59.0 53.8 45.0Baltim ore________________________________________ 73.6 67.9 66.2 62.2 62.6 57.5 52.2 43.9B oston----------- ---------------------------------------------------- 79.7 75.2 72.6 69.6 66.6 59.4 53.4 45.4Buffalo___________________________________________ 78.9 72.5 68.1 63.4 64.7 57.4 57.5 47.0Chicago — _____________________ _______________ 79.9 74.4 71.6 65.3 65.5 59.5 53.7 44.3Cleveland------------------------------------- -------------- — 79.6 76.0 72.3 67.1 66.5 63.6 55.7 48.0Dallas ___________________________________________ 81.1 76.8 74.4 69.5 67.0 62.6 58.2 51.4Denver___________________________________________ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _D etroit___________________________________________ 77. 7 73.5 69.2 64.4 63.0 60.3 55.3 48.6H artford_________________________________________ 78.6 72.3 68.9 63.7 64.8 58.2 52.8 44.5Houston _________________________________________ 78.1 73.7 70.4 66.2 65.8 58.8 52.9 47.1Los Angeles—Long Beach_________ _____________ 79.0 73.2 69.9 65.1 64.3 60.5 56.3 48.7Milwaukee ------------------------------------------ -------------- 78.7 73.4 67.6 62.5 62.6 57.7 52.9 41.4Minneapolis—St. Paul ___________________________ 80. 3 74.6 70.3 66.9 64.1 58.7 53.8 45.3Newark and Jersey City _______ ___ _______ 81.0 76.3 71.4 68.1 66.5 59.7 56.1 47.6New York C ity___________________________ ______ 81.4 76.7 75.5 70. 7 66.0 61.5 55.8 46.7Philadelphia __________________________________ .. 80.8 73. 8 70.1 66.4 63.8 57.9 54.2 44.7Pittsburgh ----------------------------------------------------------- 73.2 68.5 67.6 59.7 60.1 53.2 49.5 40. 1

St. Louis _________ _________________ ______ __ 74.3 69.9 65.6 62.3 61.2 56.9 48.0 40.7San Francisco—Oakland----------- ---------------- ---- . 72.8 70.5 64.4 62.3 61.9 57.6 53.0 46.4W orcester------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - -

Occupation

Laborers, material handling ------------------------------ 77.1 72.0 67.4 62.5 60.8 55.1 51.0 40.7Tool and die makers (other than jobbing) _______ 77.9 73.5 70.0 66.5 65.3 61.0 56.6 48.4

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 Data for the periods shown as January 1951—60, cover various months of the winter.3 Information for the years 1945 through 1953 was based on 29 areas.4 Buffalo was not studied in 1954.5 Data for 1954 and earlier years in these areas were not considered sufficiently comparable for separate presentation but were included in the

totals for all areas combined.

50


Appendix C: Scope and Method of Survey

Scope o f Survey

The survey included establishm ents p rim arily engaged in m anufacturing m achinery, except e le c tr ica l (m ajor group 35 as defined in the 1957 edition o f the Standard Industrial C lassifica tion Manual, prepared by the U. S. Bureau o f the Budget). This m ajor group in cludes establishm ents engaged in m anufacturing m achinery and equipment, other than e le c tr ica l equipment (m ajor group 36), and transportation equipment (m ajor group 37). M achines pow ered by bu ilt-in or detachable m otors ord inarily are included in m ajor group 35, with the exception o f e le c tr ica l household appliances (m ajor group 36). Portable too ls , both e le c tr ic and pneum atic pow ered, are included in m a jor group 35, but handtools are c la ss ified in m a jor group 34. Central o ffices o f the firm s studied w ere excluded.

The study covered establishm ents with 20 or m ore w orkers at the tim e o f r e fe r ence of the data used in com piling the universe lis ts . A lso included w ere establishm ents which em ployed 8 to 19 w orkers and which prim arily m anufactured specia l d ies and too ls , die sets , jig s and fixtures, o r m ach in e-too l a cce sso r ie s and m easuring dev ices (industries 3544 and 3545).

The num ber o f establishm ents and w orkers actually studied by the Bureau, as w ell as the num ber estim ated to be in the industry during the p ayro ll period studied, are shown in the follow ing table.

Estimated number of establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied, machinery industries, 21 areas, March~June 1962

Number of establishments Workers in establishments

Area^ Payrollperiod W ithin

scope of study

StudiedW ithin scope of study Studied

TotalProduction

workersO fficeworkers Total

Total, 21 areas --------------------- — 4, 381 912 530,226 370,227 72, 740 342,091

New England:Boston — — — -------------------- March 167 43 20,461 12,759 2, 810 13,265H artford-------------------------- May 151 39 29,145 22,936 3,061 24,724W orcester------------------------- April 45 19 8,555 5,828 1,161 7,529

Middle A tlantic:B u ffa lo --------------------------- April 86 26 11,689 7,924 1, 614 7,291Newark and Jersey C it y ------------- April 278 53 31,849 21,943 4,818 18,993New York C ity -------------------- April 314 65 21,497 16, 401 2, 117 11,471Philadelphia ---------------------- May 203 46 32, 211 22,780 3, 594 22,513Pittsburgh------------------------- April 109 28 14, 825 10,337 1,772 10,779

South:Baltim ore------------------------- May 50 20 8,661 6,162 1,350 7,185D a lla s---------------------------- March 68 26 7,845 5,759 794 5,587Houston — ------------------------ March 89 29 15, 309 10, 636 2,132 11,896

Middle West:C h icag o----- -------------------- June 637 111 75, 800 51, 258 12,031 40,102Cleveland ------------------------ May 283 64 35, 260 24,087 4,576 21,743Detroit ---------------------------- June 737 100 67, 341 50,040 7, 522 40,594M ilw aukee-- --------------------- June 159 43 46, 869 30,520 9,456 38,149Minneapolis-St. P a u l--------------- May 149 34 23,125 14, 351 3, 301 16, 365St. Louis ------------------------- April 126 35 16,093 11,604 2, 343 12,488

Far West:D en ver--------------------------- May 31 16 3,602 2,581 361 2,819Los Angeles-Long Beach ------------ May 546 74 44,416 31, 309 5, 621 18,109Po rtland -------------------------- May 33 15 3,515 2, 348 484 2,562San Francisco-Oakland ------------- March 120 26 12,158 8, 664 1,822 7,927

Establishments which manufactured special dies and tools, die sets, jigs and fixtures, or machine-tool accessories and measuring devices, and which employed 8 to 19 workers were also included.

2 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas except Chicago (Cook County); Hartford (Hartford and New Britain Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Bristol, Conn.); New York C ity (the 5 Boroughs); Newark and Jersey C ity (a combination of the 2 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas); Philadelphia (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa ., and Camden County, N .J. ); and Worcester (Worcester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area except Northbridge). 3

3 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate production and office worker categories.

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52

Method of Study

Data w ere obtained by personal v isits of Bureau fie ld econom ists under the d irection o f the Bureau*s A ssistant Regional D irectors fo r Wages and Industrial R elations. The su r vey was conducted on a sam ple basis. To obtain appropriate a ccu racy minimum cost, a greater proportion o f large than of sm all establishm ents was studied. In com bining the data, how ever, a ll establishm ents w ere given their appropriate weight. A il estim ates are presented, th erefore , as relating to a ll establishm ents in the industry group in the areas, excluding only those below the minimum size at the tim e of re feren ce o f the universe data.

Establishm ent Definition

An establishm ent, fo r purposes o f this study, is defined as a single physica l location where industrial operations are p erform ed . An establishm ent is not n ecessa rily identical with the com pany, which m ay con sist o f one or m ore establishm ents.

Employm ent

The estim ates o f the number o f w orkers within the scope o f the study are intended as a general guide to the s ize and com position o f the labor fo rce included in the survey. The advance planning n ecessa ry to make a wage survey requ ires the use o f lists o f establish ments assem bled considerably in advance o f the p ayroll period studied.

Occupations Selected fo r Study

Occupational c la ss ifica tion was based on a uniform set o f job descriptions designed to take account o f interestablishm ent and in terarea variations in duties within the same job . (See appendix D fo r these job d escr ip tion s .) The occupations w ere chosen fo r their num erical im portance, their usefulness in co lle ctive bargaining, or their representativeness o f the entire job sca le in the industry.

Occupational Earnings

Earnings data for the selected jobs (table A - l through A -4) are shown for fu ll-tim e w orkers, i. e . , those h ired to w ork a fu ll-tim e schedule for the given occupational c la s s if i cation. Working su perv isors , apprentices, learn ers, beginners, trainees, handicapped, tem porary, and probationary w orkers w ere not included.

The wages represent average straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive paym ents, such as those resulting from p iecew ork or production bonus system s and co s t-o f-liv in g bonuses w ere included as part o f the workers* regular pay; but nonproduction bonus paym ents, such as Christm as or yearend bonuses w ere excluded. The estim ated average hourly earnings fo r each occupation w ere obtained by weighting each rate (or hourly earning) by the number of w orkers receiv ing the rate.

Occupational em ploym ent estim ates re fer to the total in a ll establishm ents within the scope of the study and not to the num ber actually surveyed. B ecause o f the variation in occupational structure among establishm ents, estim ates o f occupational em ploym ent are subject to considerable fluctuation attributable to sam pling. H ence, they serve only to in dicate the relative num erical im portance o f the jobs studied. The fluctuations in em ploym ent do not m ateria lly a ffect the accu racy o f the earnings data.

Wage Trends

The m achinery index series has been developed from data obtained in the Bureau*s program o f occupational wage surveys and is based on stra ight-tim e hourly earnings of men production w orkers in se lected m achinery occupations.

The indexes fo r 1945, 1946, and 1947 are based on "m iscellan eous m ach inery" which consists of all types o f m achinery m anufacture except e le c tr ica l m achinery, m achine tools, and m ach in e-too l a cce s s o r ie s . F or 1949 and su ccess ive yea rs , the inform ation includes machine tools and m achine-tool a c ce s s o r ie s , as w ell as m iscellaneous m achinery. In ord er to m inim ize the e ffect o f the shift in industrial coverage , the two sets of indexes w ere linked by applying


53

the percent o f change in the m iscellaneous m achinery group from 1947 to 1948 to the p r e vious 1947 index. The 1948 index computed in this fashion is the published index. To co m pute the 1949 index, the percentage change in all m achinery from 1948 to 1949 was applied to this 1948 index.

Since the 1959 survey was based on a revised definition o f the m achinery industries group as provided in the 1957 edition o f the SIC Manual, a linking procedure was n ecessary to m inim ize the e ffect on the index of the change in industry definition. This was done by computing the percent o f change from 1958 to 1959 fo r those establishm ents included in both surveys. This percentage change was then applied to the 1958 index (com puted on the p r e vious industry definition) to obtain the index for 1959.

Indexes w ere constructed fo r each area to m inim ize the effect of changes in o c cu pational com position o f the w ork fo rce and in the relative im portance in the industry of the areas studied. F or each year in 2 su ccess iv e years (1945-46, 1946-47, e t c . ) , the average straight-tim e hourly earnings for each selected occupation w ere weighted by the number em ployed in that occupation during the latter of the 2 y ea rs . The result each year was an area aggregate fo r a ll selected jo b s . The percentage relationship between the aggregates for the pair o f years was computed and then linked to the index fo r the ea rlier o f the 2 yea rs . The resulting indexes based on 1945 w ere then converted to a 1947—49 base by dividing all the indexes by the average o f the indexes fo r 1947—49. Beginning with 1962, indexes have been converted to a 1958^-59 base.

In 1952, the occupational coverage of the m achinery industries survey was increased to include a ll m ach in e-too l operators , c la sses A , B, and C (except operators of certain specia l m achines). C overage o f m ach in e-too l operators be fore 1952 was lim ited to s in g le - and m ultip le-spindle d r ill-p re ss op era tors , engine-lathe op era tors , grinding-m achine o p e r a tors, and m illing-m ach ine operators . The indexes since 1952 have been computed on the basis of the broader occupational coverage indicated above. In addition, a system of con stant weights has been utilized (rather than weighting by the actual em ploym ent in an o c cu pation during the latter o f the 2 years); this m inim izes the e ffect of changes in occupational com position o f the work fo r ce . The constant weights fo r the indexes from 1953 through 1961 w ere based on an average o f 1953 and 1954 employm ent; beginning with the 1962 index, the weights w ere based on an average for the years I960 and 1961.

Definitions for production and too lroom m ach in e-too l operators and too l and die m akers w ere revised in I960. In computing the percent o f change from 1959 to I960 in areas affected by the changes, the average earnings used fo r these job s , fo r the purposes of this index, in both years w ere based on the earnings of w orkers class ified in accordance with the rev ised definitions.

In obtaining the com posite index for all areas com bined, the techniques follow ed w ere s im ilar to those em ployed in determ ining area indexes. The technique used in c o m puting the com posite index for the ea rlier years, 1945-52, was as fo llow s: F or each yearin a pair (1945-46, 1946-47, e t c .) , an ov era ll aggregate for a ll areas com bined was obtained. This aggregate was computed by weighting the overa ll average (aggregate earnings in selected jobs divided by the total em ploym ent in selected jobs) fo r each area by total production w orker em ploym ent in the industry and area in the second of the 2 years. F rom this point, the procedure was identical with that used in constructing individual area indexes fo r these years. F or indexes since 1952, a system of constant area weights has been used, thereby eliminating the effect o f changes in the relative im portance in the industry of the area studied. F or the years 1953 through 1961, the weights w ere based on average em ploym ents fo r the years 1953 and 1954; beginning with the 1962 index, the weights w ere based on averages fo r the years I960 and 1961.

Establishm ent P ra ctices and Supplementary Wage P rov isions

Inform ation is presented also (in the C series tables) on selected establishm ent p ra ctices and supplem entary benefits as they relate to production w orkers and, in som e ca ses , o ffice w orkers. "P roduction w ork ers" include working forem en and all nonsupervisory w orkers (including leadm en and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adm inistrative, executive, p rofessiona l, and technical em ployees, and fo rce -a ccou n t construction em ployees who are utilized as a separate work fo rce are excluded. The term "o ffice w orkers, " as used in this report, includes a ll o ffice c le r ica l em ployees and excludes adm inistrative, e x ecutive, p rofessiona l, and technical personnel.


5 4

Method of Wage Paym ent. With referen ce to table C - l the proportions o f tim e and incentive w orkers d irectly re flect em ploym ent under each pay systcun. H ow ever, tech n ica l considerations required that the breakdown of incentive w orker em ploym ent accord ing to type o f incentive plan (p iecew ork or bonus) be based on the predom inant plan in each e s tabli shment.

Job Evaluation System s. F or purposes o f this survey, job evaluation system s w ere classified^ into lou r groups^ TRese groups are described brie fly below :

Job evaluation system Method of relating jobs

Ranking method -------------- Jobs are ranked in their order of relative d ifficulty or value to thecompany, and grade levels are sometimes defined after the jobs have been ranked.

Classification method --------- Jobs are allocated to grade levels which are defined arbitrarily priorto evaluating jobs.

Point method ---------------- Jobs are related to factors. A restricted number of fa irly specificfactors are selected for application to a lim ited number of types of work. The point values are predetermined before analysis of jobs and are decided arbitrarily, and the degree of each factor is expressed by a definition.

Factor-comparison method ---- Jobs are related by factorial comparison. The factors used areassumed to be fundamental to a ll jobs and of universal application; the point values are set after analysis of jobs from existing rates of key jobs, and the degrees of each factor are expressed by sample jobs.

Labor-M anagem ent A greem ents. Establishm ents w ere cla ss ified as having union contract coverage if m ore lR a n halt the w orkers w ere em ployed under term s of union a g ree m ents. In all ca ses , estim ates relate to agreem ent coverage rather than to union m em b ership. (See table C - l . )

Shift D ifferen tia ls . This inform ation is presented in term s o f (a) e ffective p rov isions for w orkers em ployed on extra shifts at the tim e of the survey (table C -3 ), and (b) estab lish ment p o licy (table C -2 ). E stim ates in the firs t tabulation relate only to those w orkers actually em ployed on the specified shift. Tabulations relating to establishm ent p o licy are presented in term s o f total production w orker em ploym ent. An establishm ent was considered as having a p o licy if it m et either of the follow ing conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the tim e of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts.

Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statistica lly on the basis that these are applicable to a ll plant or o ffice w orkers if a m ajority o f such w orkers are e lig ib le o r m ay eventually qualify fo r the p ractices listed . B ecause of rounding, sums o f individual item s in these tables m ay not equal totals.

Scheduled Weekly H ours. Data in tables C -4 and C -5 re fer to the predom inant work schedule fo r fu ll-tim e production and o ffice w orkers em ployed on the day shift.

Paid H olidays. Data in tables C -6 and C -7 relate to fu ll-day and half-day holidays provided annually.

Paid V acations. The sum m ary o f vacation plans (tables C -8 and C -9) is lim ited to form al arrangem ents, excluding in form al plans whereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d iscretion of the em ployer or the su perv isor. Paym ents not on a tim e basis w ere converted; fo r exam ple, a payment o f 2 percent o f annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 weekl s pay. The periods o f se rv ice fo r which data are presented w ere se lected as re p re sentative o f the m ost com m on p ra ctices , but they do not n ecessa rily re fle ct individual establishm ent prov isions fo r p rogress ion . F or exam ple, the changes in proportions indicated at 5 years o f serv ice m ay include changes in prov isions which occu rred after 4 yea rs .


5 5

Health, Insurance, and P ension P lans. Data are presented in tables C-10 and C - l l fo r a ll health, insurance, and pension plans fo r which all or a part o f the cost is borne by the em ployer, excluding only program s required by law, such as w orkm en1 s com pensation and soc ia l security . Among the plans included are those underwritten by a com m ercia l insurance company and those paid d irectly by the em ployer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside fo r this purpose.

Death benefits are included as a form o f life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type o f insurance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d irectly to the insured on a w eekly or monthly basis during illness o r accident d is ability. Inform ation is presented fo r a ll such plans to which the em ployer contributes at least a part o f the cost except in areas where the State law requ ires such paym ents. In these areas, sickness and accident insurance plans w ere included only if the em ployer con tributes m ore than is lega lly required or the em ployees rece ive benefits in excess o f lega l requirem ents.

Tabulations o f paid sick leave plans are lim ited to form a l plans which provide full pay or a proportion o f the worker*s pay during absence from w ork because o f illn ess ; in form al arrangem ents have been om itted. Separate tabulations are provided accord ing to (1) plans which provide fu ll pay and no waiting p eriod and (2) plans providing either partia l pay o r a waiting period .

M edical insurance re fe rs to plans providing fo r com plete o r partia l paym ent o f d octo rs1 fe e s . Such plans m ay be underwritten by a com m ercia l insurance com pany o r a nonprofit organization, o r they m ay be se lf-in su red .

Catastrophe insurance, som etim es re fe rred to as extended m edica l insurance, in cludes the plans designed to cover em ployees in case o f sickness o r in jury involving an expense which goes beyond the norm al coverage o f hospitalization, m edica l, and su rg ica l plans.

Tabulations o f retirem ent pensions are lim ited to plans which provide upon r e t ir e ment regular payments fo r the rem ainder of the worker*s life .


Appendix D: Occupational Descriptions

The prim ary purpose o f preparing job descrip tions fo r the B ureau1 s wage surveys is to ass ist its fie ld staff in class ify ing into appropriate occupations w orkers who are em ployed under a variety o f payroll titles and different w ork arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. This is essentia l in ord er to perm it the grouping o f occupational wage rates representing co m parable job content. B ecause o f this em phasis on interestablishm ent and in terarea com parability o f occupational content, the Bureau1 s job descrip tions m ay differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descrip tion s, the Bureau1 s fie ld econom ists are instructed to e x clude working su p erv isors , apprentices, learn ers, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w ork ers .

ASSEMBLER(Bench assem bler; f lo o r assem bler ; jig a ssem bler ; line assem bler ; subassem bler)

A ssem bles an d /or fits together parts to form com plete units or subassem blies at a bench, conveyor line, o r on the flo o r , depending upon the s ize o f the units and the organ ization o f the production p ro ce ss . W ork may include p rocessin g operations requiring the use o f handtools in scraping, chipping, and filing o f parts to obtain a desired fit as w ell as pow er tools and specia l equipment when punching, riveting, soldering, o r welding o f parts is n e ce s - sary. W orkers who p erform any of these p rocessin g operations exclusively as part o f sp e c ia lized assem bling operations are excluded.

C lass A — A ssem bles parts into com plete units o r subassem blies that requ ire fitting ^ o f parts and decisions regarding proper perform ance o f any com ponent part o r the a s

sem bled unit. W ork involves any com bination o f the fo llow in g : A ssem bling from draw ings, blueprints or other written specifica tions; assem bling units com posed o f a variety o f parts an d /or subassem blies; assem bling large units requiring carefu l fitting and adjusting o f parts to obtain specified c lea ra n ces ; and using a variety o f hand and pow ered tools and p rec is ion m easuring instrum ents.

C lass B — A ssem bles parts into units or subassem blies in accordance with standard and p rescr ib ed p roced u res. Work involves any com bination o f the follow ing: A ssem bling a lim ited range o f standard and fam iliar products com posed o f a num ber o f sm a ll- or m ed iu m -size parts requiring som e fitting or adjusting; assem bling large units that r e quire little o r no fitting o f com ponent parts; working under conditions where accurate perform ance and com pletion of w ork within set tim e lim its are essentia l fo r subsequent assem bling operations; and using a lim ited variety o f hand or pow ered too ls .

C lass C— P erform s sh o rt-cy c le , repetitive assem bling operations. W ork does not involve any fitting o r making decisions regarding proper perform ance o f the com ponent parts or assem bling procedu res.

AUTOM ATIC-LATH E OPERATOR(A utom atic-betw een-centers-lathe opera tor; autom atic-chucking-m achine operator; autom atic-turret-lathe operator)

Operates one or m ore lathes equipped with automatic feed m echanism s for actuating the cutting tools over the com plete w ork cy c le . Automatic lathes may d iffer as to type of construction (horizontal o r vertica l); num ber o f spindles (single o r m ultip le); method o f feed (hand-feed, autom atic-chucking, o r h opper-feed ); method o f holding the w ork (in chucks or between cen ters); and method o f presenting the tools to the stock in sequence (turrets, slides, revolving w ork stations). (F or description o f c la ss o f w ork, see m ach in e-too l operator, p rod u ction .)

5 7


5 8

DRILL-PRESS OPERATOR, RADIAL

Operates one or m ore types of ra d ia l-d rillin g m achines designed prim arily fo r the purpose o f drilling, ream ing, countersinking, counterboring, spot-facing, o r tapping holes in large or heavy m etal parts. Several types o f radial d rills are in use, the m ost com m on type being designed so that the tool head and saddle are m ovable along a projecting arm which can be rotated about a vertica l colum n and adjusted vertica lly on that colum n. (F or descrip tion o f c la ss o f w ork, see m ach ine-tool operator, produ ction .)

DRILL-PRESS OPERATOR, SINGLE- OR M ULTIPLE-SPINDLE

Operates one or m ore types o f s in g le - o r m ultip le-sp indle d r il l-p r e s s e s , to perform such operations as drilling , ream ing, countersinking, counterboring, spot-facing, and tapping. D r ill-p re ss op era tors , radial, and operators o f portable drilling equipment are excluded. (F or descrip tion o f c lass o f w ork, see m ach in e-tool operator, p rod u ction .)

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

P erform s a variety o f e le c tr ica l trade functions such as the installation, m aintenance, o r repair of equipment fo r the generating, distribution, o r utilization o f e le c tr ic energy in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow ing: Installing o r repairing any o f avariety o f e le c tr ica l equipment such as generators, tran sform ers, sw itchboards, con tro lle rs , c ircu it breakers, m otors , heating units, conduit system s, o r other transm ission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout or other specifica tions; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c tr ica l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirem ents o f w iring or e le c tr ica l equipment; and using a variety of electrician*s handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In general, the w ork o f the maintenance e le c trician requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINE-LATHE OPERATOR

Operates an engine lathe for shaping external and internal cy lindrica l surfaces of m etal ob jects . The engine lathe, basica lly ch aracterized by a hcjadstock, ta ilstock , and pow er-fed too l ca rriage , is a general-purpose m achine tool used p rim arily fo r turning. It is also com m only used in perform ing such operations as facing, boring, drilling and threading, and equipped with appropriate attachm ents, may be used for a very wide variety of specia l machining operations. The stock may be held in position by the lathe ’ 'cen ters1' or by various types o f chucks and fixtures. Bench-lathe op era tors , autom atic- lathe operators , screw -m ach in e operators , autom atic, and turret-lathe operators , hand (including hand screw m achine) are e x c l u d e d (F or descrip tion o f c la ss o f w ork, see m achine - tool operators , p rod u ction .)

GRINDING-MACHINE OPERATOR

(C en terless-grin d er operator; cy lin d rica l-g rin der opera tor; ex ternal-grinder o p era tor ; in ternal-grinder op era tor ; su rface -grin d er op era tor; U n iversa l-grinder operator)

Operates one o f severa l types o f p recis ion grinding m achines to grind internal and external surfaces o f m etal parts to a smooth and even finish and to required d im ensions. P rec is ion grinding is used prim arily as a finishing operation on previously m achined parts, and consists o f applying abrasive wheels rotating at high speeds to the surfaces to be ground. In addition to the types o f grinding m achines indicated above, this c la ss ifica tion includes operators o f other production grinding m achines such as: S ingle-purpose grinders (d rillgrinders, broach grinders, saw grinders, gear-cu tter grinders, thread grinders, e t c . ) and automatic and sem iautom atic general purpose grinding m achines. O perators o f p o rtable grinders are excluded. (F or description o f c la ss o f w ork, see m ach in e-too l o p e r ator, p rod u ction .)

INSPECTOR

Inspects parts, products an d /or p ro ce sse s . P erform s such operations as examining parts o r products for flaws and defects , checking their dim ensions and appearance to d e term ine whether they m eet the requ ired standards and specifica tions.


5 9

INSPECTOR— Continued

C lass A— R esponsible for decisions regarding the quality o f the product an d /or operations. W ork involves any com bination o f the fo llow ing: Thorough knowledge o fthe process in g operations in the branch o f w ork to which he is assigned, including the use o f a variety o f p rec is ion m easuring instrum ents; interpreting drawings and sp e c ifications in inspection w ork on units com posed o f a large num ber o f com ponent parts; examining a variety o f products or p rocess in g operations; determ ining causes o f flaws in products an d /or p ro ce sse s and suggesting n ecessary changes to c o r r e c t w ork m ethods; and devising inspection procedures fo r new products.

C lass B— W ork involves any com bination o f the follow ing: Knowledge o f p rocess in g operations in the branch of w ork to which he is assigned, lim ited to fam iliar products and p ro ce sse s o r where perform ance is dependent on past experien ce ; perform ing in spection operations on products an d /or p rocesses having rig id specifica tions, but where the inspection procedu res involve a sequence of inspection operations, including d e cis ion s regarding proper fit o r perform ance o f som e parts; and using p rec is ion m ea s uring instrum ents.

C lass C — W ork involves any com bination o f the fo llow ing: S h ort-cy c le , repetitiveinspection operations; using a standardized, specia l-pu rpose m easuring instrument repetitively; and visual examination o f parts or products, re jectin g units having obvious deform ities o r flaw s.

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER

(Sw eeper; charwom an; jan itress)Cleans and keeps in an ord erly condition factory working areas and w ashroom s, o r

p rem ises o f an o ffice , apartment house, or com m ercia l o r other establishm ent. Duties in volve a com bination of the fo llow ing: Sweeping, mopping, o r scrubbing, polishing flo o r s ;rem oving chips, trash, and other re fu se ; dusting equipment, furniture, o r fix tu res; polishing m etal fixtures or trim m ings; and providing supplies and m inor m aintenance se rv ice s ; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. W orkers who specia lize in window washing are excluded .

LABORER, M ATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; tru cker; stockm an or stock h elper; warehousem an o r warehouse helper)

A w orker em ployed in a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, store , o r other estab lish ment whose duties involve one or m ore o f the fo llow ing: Loading and unloading variousm ateria ls and m erchandise on or from freight ca rs , trucks, o r other transporting d ev ices ; unpacking, shelving, o r placing m ateria ls o r m erchandise in proper storage location ; and transporting m ateria ls o r m erchandise by hand truck, car, o r w heelbarrow . L ongshorem en , who load and unload ships are excluded.

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, PRODUCTION

Operates one o r m ore nonportable, pow er-driven m achine tools in ord er to shape m etal by p rogress ive ly rem oving portion o f the stock in the form o f chips o r shavings, orby abrasion. F or wage study purposes, this follow ing types o f m achine to o ls :

Automatic lathe s Boring m achines D rill p resses , radialD rill p resses , sin g le - o r m ultip le-spindleEngine lathesG ear-cutting m achinesG ear-fin ish ing m achinesGrinding m achines

c lass ifica tion is lim ited to operators o f the

Machine too ls , m iscellaneous 16M illing m achinesP lanersScrew m achines, automatic Screw m achines, hand ShapersTurret lathes, automatic T urret lathes, hand

16 O perators requ ired alternately to operate m ore than one type o f m achine tools as listed above are to be c la ss ified as m ach in e-too l operator, m isce llaneou s.


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M ACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, PRODUCTION

C lass A— Sets up m achines by determ ining proper feeds, speeds, tooling and op era tion sequence o r by selecting those p rescr ib ed in drawings, blueprints, o r layouts; m akes n ecessary adjustments during operation where changes in w ork and setup are r e la tively frequent and where care is essential to achieve requisite dim ensions o f very c lose to lerances.

C lass B—-Sets up m achines on standard or roughing operations where feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence are p rescr ib ed or maintains operation setup made by oth ers; and m akes all n ecessary adjustments during operation where care is essentia l to achieve very c lo se tolerances or where changes in product are relatively frequent.

C lass C— Operates m achines on routine and repetitive operations; m akes only m inor adjustments during operations; and when trouble o ccu rs stops m achine and ca lls forem an, leadman, o r setup man to c o r re c t the operation.

M ACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation o f one or m ore types o f m achine tools such as jig b o re rs , cy lindrica l o r surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing m achines in the con stru ction o f m ach ine-shop too ls , gages, jig s , fixtures, or d ies . W ork involves m ost o f the f o l low ing: Planning and perform ing d ifficu lt machining operations; p rocess in g item s requiring com plicated setups o r a high degree o f accu racy ; using a variety o f p rec is ion m easuring instrum ents; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making n ecessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dim ensions. May be r e quired to recogn ize when tools need dressin g , to d ress too ls , and to se lect proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils .

MACHINIST, PRODUCTION

F abricates m etal parts involving a ser ies o f p rogress ive operations. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow ing: Interpreting written instructions and specifica tion s; planning and laying ou tw ork ; using a variety o f m a ch in is ts handtools and p recis ion m easuring instrum ents; se tting up and operating standard m achine too ls ; shaping m etal parts to c lo se to leran ces; making standard shop computations relating to dim ensions o f w ork, tooling, feeds and speeds o f m achining; knowledge of the working properties of the com m on m etals; selecting standard m ateria ls, parts and equipment needed for his w ork; fitting and assem bling parts. In general, the m a ch in ists w ork norm ally requ ires a rounded training in m ach ine-shop p ractice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MILLING-MACHINE OPERATOR

(M illing-m achine operator, autom atic; m illing-m ach ine operator, hand)

P erform s a variety of w ork such as grooving, planing, and shaping m etal ob jects on a m illing m achine, which rem oves m ateria l from m etal surfaces by the cutting action o f multitoothed rotating cutters of various s izes and shapes. M illing-m achine types vary from the manually con trolled m achines em ployed in unit production to fully automatic (con v ey or- fed) m achines found in plants engaged in m ass production. F or wage study purposes, op e ra tors o f single-purpose m ille rs such as thread m ille rs , duplicators, d iesinkers, pantograph m ille rs , and engraving m ille rs are excluded. (F or descrip tion o f c la ss o f w ork, see m achine- tool operator, p rod u ction .)

SCREW-MACHINE OPERATOR, AUTOMATIC

Operates one or m ore m ultip le- o r single-sp indle automatic screw m achines. Autom atic screw m achines are production turning m achines with autom atic-feed cycle designed to produce parts from bar o r tube stock fed autom atically through spindles or the head stock. These m achines, equipped with from one to eight spindles o r a turret, autom atically perform and repeat a cy c le o f operations on each length o f stock fed into the m achine. (F or d e scription o f c la ss o f w ork, see m ach in e-too l operator, p rodu ction .)


61

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(Die m aker; jig m aker; toolm aker; fixture m aker; gage m aker)

Constructs amd repairs m ach ine-shop too ls , gages, jig s , fixtures o r dies for forg ings, punching, and other m eta l-form in g w ork. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow ing : Planning and laying out o f w ork from m odels, b lueprints, drawings, o r other o ra l and w ritten specifica tions; using a variety o f tool and die m aker1 s handtools and p rec is ion m easuring instrum ents; understanding o f the working properties o f com m on m etals and a lloys; setting up and operating o f m achine tools and related equipment; making n ecessary shop computations relating to dim ensions o f w ork, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f m achines; heat-treating o f m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as o f finished tools and dies to achieve requ ired qualities; working to c lo se to lera n ces ; fitting and assem bling o f parts to p rescr ib ed tolerances and allow ances; and selecting appropriate m ateria ls, too ls , and p ro ce sse s . In general, the too l and die m ak er 's w ork requ ires a rounded training in m ach ine-shop and too lroom p ractice usually a c quired through a form a l apprenticeship o r equivalent training and experience.

F or wage study purposes, tool and die m akers are c la ss ified as fo llow s:

T oo l and die m aker (jobbing)

W orker making dies auid too ls , die sets, jig s , and fix tu res, e t c . , as the end product o f an establishm ent.

T ool and die m aker (other than jobbing)

W orker making an d /or maintaining dies and too ls , die sets, jig s and fixtures, e t c . , fo r use within an establishm ent.

TU RRET-LATH E OPERATOR, HAND (INCLUDING HAND-SCREW MACHINE)

Operates a lathe equipped with a turret used to present a num ber o f cutting too ls , requ ired for a cy cle o f m achining operations, to the w ork in sequence. Operations co m m only perform ed on a turret lathe include turning, facing, boring, drilling , and threading. The operator rotates o r indexes the turret to bring the tools toward the w ork for each op era tion. Individual w orkp ieces, such as forgings and castings, are held in a chuck o r the lathe may be equipped with a bar stock feeding device to present the co r r e c t length o f stock to the tools at the beginning o f each cy c le o f operations. (F or descrip tion o f c la ss o f w ork, see m ach in e-too l operator, p rod u ction .)

WELDER, HAND

Fuses (w elds) m etal ob jects by means o f an oxyacetylene torch or arc welding apparatus in the fabrication o f m etal shapes and in repairing broken or cracked m etal ob jects . In addition to perform ing hand welding or brazing operation, the w elder may also lay out guide lines or m arks on m etal parts and m ay cut metad with a cutting torch .

C lass A — P erform s welding operations requiring m ost o f the fo llow in g : Planningand laying out of w ork from drawings, blueprints, or other written specifica tion s; knowledge o f welding properties o f a variety o f m etals and a lloys, setting up w ork and de term ining operation sequence; welding high pressu re v esse ls or other ob jects involving cr it ica l satfety and load requ irem ents; working from a variety o f positions.

C lass B— P erform s welding operations on repetitive w ork, w here no criticad sadety and load requirem ents are involved; where the work ca lls m ainly fo r on e-position w eld ing; and where the layout and planning o f the w ork are perform ed by others.


INDUSTRY WAGE STUDIES

The following reports cover part of the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys. These reports cover the period 1950 to date and may be obtained free upon request as long as a supply is available. However, those for which a price is shown are available only from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D. C ., or any of its regional sales offices.

I. Occupational Wage Studies

Manufacturing

Apparel:Men's Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1950 - Series 2, No. 80 Men's and Boys' Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1954 -

BLS Report 74♦ Men’s and Boys' Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear,

1956 - BLS Report 116Men's and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear,

1961 - BLS Bulletin 1323 (40 cents)Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats, 1958 - BLS Report 140 Women's and Misses' Coats and Suits, 1957 - BLS Report 122 Women's and Misses' Dresses, 1960 - BLS Report 193 Work Clothing, 1953 - BLS Report 51 Work Clothing, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1321 (35 cents)

♦Work Shirts, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 115♦ Work Shirts, 1957 - BLS Report 124

Chemicals and Petroleum:Fertilizer, 1949-50 - Series 2, No. 77

♦Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 111 ♦Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1957 - BLS Report 132

Industrial Chem icals, 1951 - Series 2, No. 87 Industrial Chem icals, 1955 - BLS Report 103 Paints and Varnishes, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1318 (30 cents) Petroleum Production and Refining, 1951 - Series 2, No. 83 Petroleum Refining, 1959 - BLS Report 158 Synthetic Fibers, 1958 - BLS Report 143

Food:Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1960 -

BLS Report 195♦ Canning and Freezing, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 117♦ Canning and Freezing, 1957 - BLS Report 136

D istilled Liquors, 1952 - Series 2, No. 88 Flour and Other Grain M ill Products, 1961 -

BLS Bulletin 1337 (30 cents)Fluid M ilk Industry, 1960 - BLS Report 174

♦ Raw Sugar, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 117♦ Raw Sugar, 1957 - BLS Report 136

Leather:Footwear, 1953 - BLS Report 46

♦Footwear, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 115 Footwear, 1957 - BLS Report 133 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1954 - BLS Report 80 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1959 - BLS Report 150

Lumber and Furniture:Household Furniture, 1954 - BLS Report 76Lumber in the South, 1949 and 1950 - Series 2, No. 76Southern Lumber Industry, 1953 - BLS Report 45

♦ Southern Sawm ills, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 113♦ Southern Sawm ills, 1957 - BLS Report 130

West Coast Sawm illing, 1952 - BLS Report 7 West Coast Sawm illing, 1959 - BLS Report 156 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1959 -

BLS Report 152♦Wooden Containers, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 115♦Wooden Containers, 1957 - BLS Report 126

Paper and A llied Products:Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard, 1952 - Series 2, No. 91 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard M ills, 1962 -

BLS Bulletin 1341 (40 cents)

Primary Metals, Fabricated M etal Products and Machinery:Basic Iron and Steel, 1951 - Series 2, No. 81 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1957 - BLS Report 123 Gray Iron Foundries, 1959 - BLS Report 151 Nonferrous Foundries, 1951 - Series 2, No. 82 Nonferrous Foundries, 1960 - BLS Report 180 Machinery Industries, 1953-54 - BLS Bulletin 1160 (40 cents) Machinery Industries, 1954-55 - BLS Report 93 Machinery Manufacturing, 1955-56 - BLS Report 107 Machinery Manufacturing, 1957-58 - BLS Report 139 Machinery Manufacturing, 1958-59 - BLS Report 147 Machinery Manufacturing, 1959-60 - BLS Report 170 Machinery Manufacturing, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1309 (30 cents) Radio, Television, and Related Products, 1951 - Series 2, No. 84 Steel Foundries, 1951 - Series 2, No. 85

Rubber and Plastics Products:Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1960 - BLS Report 168

Stone. C lay, and Glass:Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1960 - BLS Report 177 Structural C lay Products, 1954 - BLS Report 77 Structural C lay Products, I960 - BLS Report 172

T extiles:Cotton Textiles, 1954 - BLS Report 82Cotton Textiles, 1960 - BLS Report 184Cotton and Synthetic Textiles, 1952 - Series 2, No. 89Hosiery, 1952 - BLS Report 34Miscellaneous Textiles, 1953 - BLS Report 56

♦ Processed Waste, 1955 and 1956“ - BLS Report 115♦ Processed Waste, 1957 - BLS Report 124♦ Seamless Hosiery, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 112♦ Seamless Hosiery, 1957 - BLS Report 129

Synthetic Textiles, 1954 - BLS Report 87 Synthetic Textiles, 1960 - BLS Report 192Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1956 - BLS Report 110 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1311 (35 cents) Woolen and Worsted Textiles, 1952 - Series 2, No. 90 Wool Textiles, 1957 - BLS Report 134

Tobacco:Cigar Manufacturing, 1955 - BLS Report 97

♦ Cigar Manufacturing, 1956 - BLS Report 117Cigar Manufacturing, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1317 (30 cents) Cigarette Manufacturing, 1960 - BLS Report 167

♦Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 117

♦ Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1957 - BLS Report 136

Transportation:Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1950 - BLS Bulletin 1015 (20 cents) Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, 1957 - BLS Report 128 Railroad Cars, 1952 - Series 2, No. 86

♦ Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage.


I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued

Nonmanufacturing

Auto Dealers Repair Shops, 1958 - BLS Report 141 Banking Industry, 1960 - BLS Report 179Contract Cleaning Services, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1327 (25 cents) Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1960 -

BLS Report 181Department and Women's Ready-to-Wear Stores, 1950 -

Series 2, No. 78Eating and Drinking Places, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1329 (40 cents) E lectric and Gas U tilities, 1950 - Series 2, No. 79

Electric and Gas U tilities, 1952 - BLS Report 12 Electric and Gas U tilities, 1957 - BLS Report 135 Hospitals, 1960 - BLS Bulletin 1294 (50 cents)Hotels, 1960 - BLS Report 173Hotels and Motels, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1328 (30 cents) Life Insurance, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1324 (30 cents)Power Laundries and Cleaning Services, 1961

BLS Bulletin 1333 (45 cents)Power Laundries and Dry Cleaners, 1960 - BLS Report 178

II. Other Industry Wage Studies

Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1956 - BLS Report 121Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1957 - BLS Report 138Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1958 - BLS Report 149Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1959 - BLS Report 171Communications, October 1960 - BLS Bulletin 1306 (20 cents)Communications, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1343 (20 cents)Factory Workers' Earnings - Distributions by Straight-Tim e Hourly Earnings, 1954 - BLS Bulletin 1179 (25 cents) Factory Workers' Earnings - 5 Industry Groups, 1956 - BLS Report 118Factory Workers' Earnings - Distribution by Straight-Tim e Hourly Earnings, 1958 - BLS Bulletin 1252 (40 cents) Factory Workers' Earnings - Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959 - BLS Bulletin 1252 (35 cents)Wages in Nonmetropolitan Areas, South and North Central Regions, October 1960 - BLS Report 190

R eta il Trade, Employee Earnings in June 1961:Building Materials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers - BLS Bulletin 1338-1 (25 cents) General Merchandise Stores - BLS Bulletin 1338-2 (40 cents)Food Stores - BLS Bulletin 1338-3 (35 cents)Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations - BLS Bulletin 1338-4 (40 cents)Apparel and Accessory Stores - BLS Bulletin 1338-5 (40 cents)Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores - BLS Bulletin 1338-6 (40 cents) Miscellaneous R etail Stores - BLS Bulletin 1338-7 (35 cents)

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 18 O liver Street Boston 10, Mass.

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1365 Ontario Street Cleveland 14, Ohio

Regional Offices

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue New York 1, N .Y .

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3, 111.

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta 9, Ga.

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 Sansome Street San Francisco 11, C alif.

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1963 0 — 676914


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