bls_1345-51_1963.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

1345-51

TOLEDO, OHIO

FEBRUARY 1963

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard W irtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Occupational Wage Survey

TOLEDO, OHIO

FEBRUARY 1963

Bulletin No. 1345-51May 1963

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard W irtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents


P r e fa c e

The L a b o r M a rk e t O ccu p a t io n a l W age S u rv ey P r o g r a m

E ig h ty -t w o la b o r m a r k e t s c u r r e n t ly a r e in c luded in the B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s p r o g r a m o f annual o c cu pat ion a l w age s u r v e y s in m a j o r l a b o r m a r k e t s . T h e se s tu d ies p r o v id e data on o c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s and re la te d su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e f i t s . In fo rm a t io n on r e la te d s u p p le m e n ta r y b en e f it s is ob ta in ed b ien n ia l ly in m o s t o f the la b o r m a r k e t s .

A p r e l im in a r y r e p o r t w h ich p r e s e n t s earn ings tren d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p s and a v e r a g e e a r n in gs in s e l e c t e d j o b s is r e l e a s e d w ith in a m o n th a fte r the c o m p le t i o n o f the study in ea ch a re a . This bu l le t in p r o v id e s add it ion a l data not in c lu d ed in the p r e l im in a r y r e p o r t .

A t w o -p a r t s u m m a r y b u l le t in is i s s u e d a fte r the c o m p le t io n o f a ll o f the a r e a bu l le t in s f o r a round o f s u r v e y s ( f o r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s , the f i r s t p a rt o f this bu l le t in w i l l be a v a i la b le late in 1963 and the s e c o n d p a rt e a r ly in 1964). The f i r s t p a r t p r e s e n t s in div idual l a b o r m a r k e t data. The s e c o n d p a r t p r e s e n t s data r e lating to all m e t r o p o l i ta n a r e a s in the United States .

This b u lle t in w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g ion a l o f f i c e in C leve lan d , Ohio, by E l l io t t A. B r o w a r , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r f o r W ages and In dustr ia l R e la t i o n s .

C o n te n tsP age

In trod u ct ion ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1W age tren d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p s _____________________________ 4

T a b le s :

1. E s ta b l is h m e n ts and w o r k e r s within s c o p e o f s u rv e y _____________ 32. P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in s tan dard w e e k ly s a la r i e s and

s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s f o r s e le c t e do c c u p a t io n a l g rou ps , fo r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s _________________________ 3

A: O ccu p a t io n a l e a r n i n g s : *A - l . O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s - m e n and w o m e n __________________________ 5A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s —m en

and w o m e n ______________________________________________________ 7A - 3 . O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t i o n s -

m e n and w o m e n co m b in e d ____________________________________ 8A - 4 . M a in ten an ce and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a t io n s ___________________ 9A - 5. C u sto d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t io n s ____________ 10

B: E s ta b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v i s i o n s :*B - l . M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s ___ 12B - 2 . Shift d i f f e r e n t ia ls _______________________________________________ 13B - 3 . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs _______________________________________ 14B - 4 . P a id h o l id a y s ____________________________________________________ 15B - 5 . P a id v a c a t io n s ___________________________________________________ 16B - 6 . Health, in su r a n c e , and p e n s io n p lans _______________________ 18

A p p en d ix : O c cu p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ________________________________________ 19

* N O T E : S im i la r tabu lation s a r e a v a i la b le f o r other m a j o r a r e a s . (S ee in s id e ba ck c o v e r . )

U nion s c a l e s , in d ica t iv e o f p r e v a i l in g pay l e v e l s in the T o le d o a rea , a r e a v a i la b le f o r the fo l lo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u s t r i e s : B u ild in g c o n s t r u c t io n , pr int ing , l o c a l - t r a n s i to p e r a t in g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e lp e r s .

iii


O c c u p a t i o n a l W a g e S u r v e y — T o l e d o , O h i o

Introduction

T h is a r e a is 1 o f 82 la b o r m a r k e t s in w h ich the U. S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s c o n d u cts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w age b e n e f i t s on an a r e a w id e b a s i s . In this a r e a , data w e r e ob ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u re a u f i e ld e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n i c a t ion , and o th e r pu b l ic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l tr ad e ; f in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e se s tu d ies a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t iv e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s hav ing f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m it t e d b e c a u s e they ten d to fu r n is h in s u f f i c ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ied to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . S ep ar ate tabu la t ion s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s w h i c h m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a .

T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c t e d on a s a m p le b a s i s b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . T o o b ta in o p t im u m a c c u r a c y at m i n im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e than o f s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i s s tu d ied . In c o m b in in g the data, h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e g iv e n th e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e igh t. E s t im a te s b a s e d on the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s tu d ied a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la t in g to a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the in d u s t r y gro u p in g and a r e a , e x c e p t f o r th o se b e l o w the m i n im u m s i z e s tu d ied .

O c c u p a t i o n s and E a rn in g s

The o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the f o l l o w in g ty p e s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ic a l ;(c ) m a in te n a n ce and p ow e rp la n t ; and (d) c u s t o d ia l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t . O c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i f o r m set o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to take a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r ia t i o n in d u ties w ith in the s a m e j o b . The o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in the a p p en d ix . E a r n in g s data f o r s o m e o f the o c c u p a t io n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d a r e not p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s b e c a u s e e i th e r ( l ) e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n i s t o o s m a l l to p r o v id e en ou gh data to m e r i t p r e s e n ta t io n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t data.

O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e sh ow n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o se h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s ch e d u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and late s h i f t s . N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and in c e n t iv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e i s to the w o r k

s c h e d u le s ( r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a l f hour) f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a l a r i e s a r e paid ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th ese o c c u p a t io n s have b e e n r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r .

D i f f e r e n c e s in p a y l e v e l s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w h ich both m e n and w o m e n a r e c o m m o n l y e m p lo y e d a r e l a r g e l y due to (1) d i f f e r e n c e s in the d is t r ib u t io n o f the s e x e s a m on g in d u s t r ie s and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ; (2) d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c duties p e r f o r m e d , a lthough the o c c u p a t io n s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e ly c l a s s i f i e d w ith in the sa m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n ; and (3) d i f f e r e n c e s in len gth o f s e r v i c e o r m e r i t r e v i e w w hen in d iv id u a l s a l a r i e s a r e a d ju s te d on this b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w ou ld r e s u l t in h ig h e r a v e r a g e pay when both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ith in the s a m e ra te ra n g e . Job d e s c r i p t ion s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s in th e se s u r v e y s a r e u su a l ly m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than th o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts to a l lo w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s ta b l i s h m e n ts in s p e c i f i c du ties p e r f o r m e d .

O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the tota l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m ber a c tu a l ly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s tru c t u re a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in ed f r o m the s a m p le o f e s ta b l i s h m e n ts s tu d ied s e r v e on ly to in d i ca te the r e la t iv e i m p o r t a n c e o f the j o b s s tu d ied . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e do not m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a rn in g s data.

E s t a b l i s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta ry W age P r o v i s i o n s

In fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d ( in the B - s e r i e s ta b les ) on s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s as they r e la te to o f f i c e and plant w o r k e r s . The c o n c e p t " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u se d in th is b u l le t in , in c lu d e s w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s and n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n c t io n s , and e x c lu d e s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l p e r s o n n e l . "P la n t w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n and a l l n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s ( in c lu d in g l e a d m e n and t r a in e e s ) en g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e fu n c t io n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t ion e m p l o y e e s w ho a r e u t i l i z e d as a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u f a c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s , but in c lu d e d as plant w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu r in g i n d u s t r i e s .

M in im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s ( tab le B - l ) r e la t e on ly to the e s ta b l i s h m e n ts v i s i t e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f e s ta b l is h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l m i n im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r y p o l i c i e s .

1


2

Shift d i f f e r e n t ia l data ( tab le B -2 ) a r e l im i t e d to m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s . T h is in fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d both in t e r m s o f (a) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , 1 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f to ta l plant w o r k e r e m p l o y m en t , and (b) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f w o r k e r s a c tu a l ly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c i f i e d shift at the t i m e o f the s u r v e y . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s hav ing v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t ia l s , the a m ou nt a p p ly in g to a m a j o r i t y w as u s e d o r , i f no am ou n t a p p l ie d to a m a j o r i t y , the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w as u se d . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in w h ich s o m e l a t e - sh ift h o u rs a r e pa id at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d i f f e r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d o n ly i f it a p p l ie d to a m a j o r i t y o f the shift h o u r s .

The s c h e d u le d h o u rs ( ta b le B -3 ) o f a m a j o r i t y o f the f i r s t - sh ift w o r k e r s in an e s ta b l i s h m e n t a r e tabu la ted as a p p ly in g to a l l o f the plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f that e s ta b l i s h m e n t . P a id h o l id a y s ; paid v a c a t io n s ; and health, in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n plan s ( ta b le s B - 4 th rou g h B -6 ) a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on the b a s is that t h e s e a r e a p p l i c a b le to a l l plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f s u ch w o r k e r s a r e e l ig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a l ly q u a l i fy f o r the p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . Sums o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s in ta b le s B - 2 th ro u g h B - 6 m a y not equal to ta ls b e c a u s e o f rou n d in g .

Data on pa id h o l id a y s (tab le B -4 ) a r e l im i t e d to data on h o l id a y s g ra n te d a nn ua lly on a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , (1) a r e p r o v id e d f o r in w r i t te n f o r m , o r (2) have b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d by c u s t o m . H o l i d a ys o r d i n a r i l y g ra n te d a r e in c lu d e d e v e n though they m a y fa l l on a n o n w o rk d a y , e v e n i f the w o r k e r is not g ra n te d an oth er day o f f . The f i r s t p a r t o f the paid h o l id a y s tab le p r e s e n t s the n u m b e r o f w h ole and h a lf h o l id a y s a c tu a l ly g ra n ted . The s e c o n d part c o m b i n e s w h ole and h a lf h o l id a y s to sh ow to ta l h o l id a y t i m e .

The s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p lan s ( tab le B -5 ) is l im i t e d to f o r m a l p o l i c i e s , e x c lu d in g i n f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s w h e r e b y t im e o f f w ith pay is g ra n te d at the d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p l o y e r . S ep ar ate e s t im a te s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d i n g to e m p l o y e r p r a c t i c e in co m p u t in g v a c a t i o n p a y m e n t s , su ch as t im e p a y m e n t s , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , o r f l a t - s u m a m o u n ts . H o w e v e r , in the tabu la tion s o f v a c a t io n pay, p a y m e n ts not on a t im e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a t im e b a s is ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s i d e r e d as the equ iv a len t o f 1 w e e k 's pay .

1 A n e s ta b l i s h m e n t w as c o n s i d e r e d as h av ing a p o l i c y i f i t m e t e i th e r o f the f o l l o w in g co n d it io n s : (1) O p e ra t e d la te sh ifts at the t im e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la te s h i f t s . An e s ta b l i s h m e n t w as c o n s i d e r e d as hav ing f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s i f i t (1) had o p e r a t e d late sh ifts du rin g the 12 m on th s p r i o r to the s u r v e y , o r(2) had p r o v i s i o n s in w r it ten f o r m f o r o p e r a t in g late sh i f t s .

Data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l health , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p lans (tab le B -6 ) f o r w h ich at l e a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p l o y e r , e x c e p t in g o n ly l e g a l r e q u i r e m e n t s s u c h as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t i o n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . Such plans in c lu d e th o s e u n d e r w r i t t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and th o se p r o v id e d th ro u g h a u n ion fund o r pa id d i r e c t l y b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t in g funds o r f r o m a fund se t a s id e f o r this p u r p o s e . D eath b e n e f i t s a r e in c lu d e d as a f o r m o f l i f e in s u r a n c e .

S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e i s l im i t e d to that type o f i n s u r a n c e u n d e r w h i c h p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the in s u r e d on a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s is du rin g i l ln e s s o r a c c id e n t d i s a b i l i t y . I n fo r m a t io n i s p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u ch plans to w h ich the e m p l o y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N ew Y o r k and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich h ave e n a c te d t e m p o r a r y d is a b i l i t y in s u r a n c e law s w h ich r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 2 p lans a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f the e m p l o y e r (1) c o n t r ib u t e s m o r e than is l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e f i t s w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u i r e m e n t s o f the law . T a b u la t ion s o f p a id s i c k - l e a v e plan s a r e l im i t e d to f o r m a l p lans 3 w h i c h p r o v id e fu l l pay o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r ' s pay du rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s . S ep arate tab u la t ion s a r e p r e se n te d a c c o r d i n g to (1) p lan s w h ich p r o v id e fu l l pay and no waiting p e r i o d , and (2) p lans w h ich p r o v id e e i th e r p a r t ia l pay o r a waiting p e r i o d . In a d d it ion to the p r e s e n t a t io n o f the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p r o v id e d s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r pa id s i c k le a v e , an u n d u p l i ca te d to ta l is sh ow n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e i v e e i t h e r o r both ty p es o f b e n e f i t s .

C a ta s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to as ex ten d ed m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o se p lans w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s and in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b ey on d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p i ta l i z a t io n , m e d i c a l , and s u r g i c a l p lan s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p lan s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p l e t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . Such plan s m a y be u n d e r w r i t t e n b y c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o f i t o r g a n iz a t i o n s o r they m a y be s e l f - i n s u r e d . T a b u la t io n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p lans a r e l im it e d to th o se plan s that p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the w o r k e r ' s l i f e .

2 The t e m p o r a r y d is a b i l i t y la w s in C a l i f o r n i a and R hode Is land do not r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n tr ib u t io n s .

3 A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t w as c o n s i d e r e d as h av ing a f o r m a l p lan i f it e s t a b l i s h e d at l e a s t the m i n im u m n u m b e r o f d ays o f s i c k le a v e that c o u ld be e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a p lan n eed not be w r it ten , but i n f o r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s , d e t e r m i n e d on an i n d i v id u a l b a s i s , w e r e e x c lu d e d .


3

T able 1. E stablishm ents and w ork ers within scope of survey and num ber studied in T o led o , Ohio, 1 by m a jor industry d iv ision , 2 F eb ru ary 1963

Industry d iv ision

M inimum em ploym ent in estab lish

m ents in scope o f study

Number o f establishm ents W orkers in establishm ents

Within scope o f

study 3Studied

Within scope o f study Studied

Total 4 O ffice Plant T o ta l4

A ll d iv ision s __________________________________________________ 305 126 80 ,400 12,500 51,800 59, 350

M anufacturing ________________________________________________ 50 136 62 50, 600 7, 300 34,200 39, 790N onm anufacturing ____________________________________________ - 169 64 29, 800 5, 200 17,600 19,560

Transportation ', com m u nication , andother public u tilities 5 __________________________________ 50 31 18 9, 200 1,500 4 ,8 0 0 7 ,700

W holesa le trade 50 27 9 3, 300 (‘ ) (6) 1,830R etail trade _______________________________________________ 50 64 21 11,900 (?) (6) 7 ,450F in an ce , insurance, and rea l estate 50 14 5 2, 200 (*) C) 1,260S erv ices 8 __________________________________________________ 50 33 11 3, 200 (6) (6) 1, 320

1 The T o led o Standard M etropolitan Statistica l A rea con s ists of Lucas County. The "w ork ers within scop e o f study" estim ates shown in this table prov ide a reasonably accurate d e s c r ip tion o f the s ize and com p osition o f the labor fo r c e included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, h ow ever, to se rv e as a basis o f com p a rison with other em ploym ent indexes for the area to m easu re em ploym ent trends o r lev e ls since (1) planning o f wage su rveys requ ires the use o f establishm ent data com piled con sid era b ly in advance o f the p ayro ll period studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded from the scop e o f the survey.

2 The 1957 rev ised edition o f the Standard Industrial C la ss ifica tion Manual was used in c la ssify in g establishm ents by industry d iv ision .3 Includes all establishm ents with total em ploym ent at or above the m inim um lim itation . A ll outlets (within the area) o f com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair s e rv ice ,

and m otion p ictu re theaters are con sid ered as 1 establishm ent.4 Includes execu tive , p ro fess ion a l, and other w ork ers excluded from the separate o ffice and plant ca teg or ies .5 T axicabs and se rv ice s incidental to w ater transportation w ere excluded.6 This industry d iv ision is represen ted in estim ates fo r "a ll in d u str ies" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S eries A ta b les , and fo r "a ll in d u stries" in the S eries B tab les. Separate p r e s

entation o f data fo r this d iv ision is not m ade fo r one or m ore o f the follow ing reason s: (1) Em ploym ent in the d iv ision is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple was not designed in itia lly to p erm it separate presentation , (3) respon se was insu fficien t or inadequate to p erm it separate presentation , and (4) there is p oss ib ility o f d isc lo su re o f in d ividual establishm ent data.

7 W orkers from this entire industry d iv ision are rep resen ted in estim ates fo r "a ll in d u str ies" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S eries A tab les, but from the rea l estate portion only in estim ates fo r "a ll in d u stries" in the S eries B tab les . Separate presentation o f data fo r this d iv ision is not m ade fo r one or m ore o f the reasons given in footnote 6 above.

8 H otels; person a l s e rv ice s ; business s e r v ic e s ; autom obile repair shops; m otion p ictu res ; nonprofit m em bersh ip organ ization s; and engineering and arch itectu ra l s e r v ic e s .

Table 2. P ercen ts o f in crea se in standard w eekly sa la r ies and stra igh t-tim e h ourly earnings fo r se le cted occupational groups in T o led o , Ohio,

fo r se le cted p eriods

Industry and occupational groupM arch 1962

toF eb ru ary 1963

M arch 1961 to

M arch 1962

A ll industries:O ffice c le r ic a l (m en and women) ________________________ 1. 9 2. 3Industrial nurses (men and women) _____________________ 4. 5 2. 0Skilled m aintenance (men) _______________________________ 2. 3 2. 3U nskilled plant (men) _____________________________________ 2. 7 2. 2

M anufacturing:O ffice c le r ic a l (m en and women) ________________________ 1.6 2. 0Industrial nurses (men and women) _____________________ 4 .4 2. 0Skilled m aintenance (men) _______________________________ 2. 0 1. 9U nskilled plant (men) _____________________________________ 3. 5 2. 2


4

Wage T rends for Selected O ccupational Groups

P r e s e n t e d in tab le 2 a r e p e r c e n t a g e s of ch ange in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u s t r ia l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f s e l e c t e d p lant w o r k e r g r o u p s .

F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u s t r ia l n u r s e s , the p e r c e n ta g e s o f ch a n ge r e la t e to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s f o r n o r m a l h o u r s of w o r k , that i s , the s ta n d a rd w o r k s c h e d u le f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a l a r i e s a re paid . F o r p lant w o r k e r g r o u p s , th ey m e a s u r e ch a n g es in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , e x c lu d in g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and late s h i f t s . The p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e l e c t e d k ey o c c u p a t io n s and i n c lu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r i c a l l y im p o r t a n t j o b s w ith in e a c h g r o u p . The o f f i c e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a s e d on m e n and w o m e n in the f o l l o w in g 19 j o b s : B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B; c l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c la s s A and B; c l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A , B, and C; c l e r k s , o r d e r ; c l e r k s , p a y r o l l ; C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ; k ey p u n ch o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A and B; o f f i c e b o y s and g i r l s ; s e c r e t a r i e s ; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n io r ; s w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ; ta b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B; and t y p is t s , c l a s s A and B. T h e in d u s t r ia l n u r s e data a re b a s e d on m e n and w o m e n in d u s t r ia l n u r s e s . M en in the f o l l o w in g 8 s k i l l e d m a in te n a n c e j o b s and 2 u n s k i l l e d j o b s a r e in c lu d e d in the plant w o r k e r data: S k i l le d — c a r p e n t e r s ; e l e c t r i c i a n s ; m a c h in i s t s ; m e c h a n i c s ; m e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t iv e ; p a in t e r s ; p ip e f i t t e r s ; and to o l and die m a k e r s ; u n s k i l l e d — ja n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ; and l a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling .

A v e r a g e w e e k l y s a l a r i e s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h of the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s . T h e a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e then m u l t ip l i e d by e m p lo y m e n t in e a c h o f

the j o b s d u r in g the p e r i o d s u r v e y e d in 1961. T h e s e w e ig h te d earn in gs f o r in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n s w e r e then to t a le d to obta in an a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p . F in a l ly , the ra t io ( e x p r e s s e d as a p e r cen ta ge ) o f the g r o u p a g g r e g a t e f o r the one y e a r to the a g g r e g a t e f o r the o th e r y e a r w as c o m p u t e d and the d i f f e r e n c e b e tw e e n the r e s u l t and 100 is the p e r c e n t a g e o f ch an ge f r o m the one p e r i o d to the o th e r .

T h e p e r c e n t a g e s of ch an ge m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a l ly , the e f f e c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and w a g e ch a n g e s ; (2) m e r i t o r o th er i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h i le in the s a m e jo b ; and(3) ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e w a g e s due to ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e r e sult ing f r o m la b o r tu r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c t io n s , and ch a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by e s t a b l is h m e n ts w ith d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . C h an ges in the la b o r f o r c e can cau se i n c r e a s e s or d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s w ith ou t actu a l w age ch a n g e s . F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e e x p a n s io n m ig h t i n c r e a s e the p r o p o r t i o n of l o w e r pa id w o r k e r s in a s p e c i f i c o c c u p a t io n and lo w e r the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u c t io n in the p r o p o r t i o n o f l o w e r pa id w o r k e r s w o u ld h ave the o p p o s i te e f f e c t . S im i la r ly , the m o v e m e n t of a h ig h -p a y in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t out o f an a r e a c o u ld ca u se the a v e r a g e e a r n in g s to d r o p , ev e n though no ch ange in r a t e s o c c u r r e d in oth er e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a .

T h e u se o f con sta n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e l im in a t e s the e f f e c t o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b in c lu d e d in the data. The p e r c e n t a g e s o f ch an ge a r e not in f lu e n c e d b y ch a n g e s in s ta n d a rd w o r k s c h e d u le s or in p r e m i u m p a y fo r o v e r t i m e , s in c e th ey a r e b a s e d on p a y f o r s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r s .

W age in d e x e s f o r s e l e c t e d g r o u p s of w o r k e r s b a s e d on data f r o m the la b o r m a r k e t s u r v e y s w e r e c o m p u te d f o r 20 a r e a s b e tw e e n 1953 and I960 . In 1961, the la b o r m a r k e t o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e p r o g r a m w a s ex p an d ed to in c lu d e 80 S tan dard M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s w h ic h w i l l be s u r v e y e d annually . T h is e x p a n s io n m a d e data a v a i la b le f o r the co m p u ta t io n o f w a g e in d e x e s f o r s e l e c t e d j o b g r o u p in g s in e a ch o f the 80 a r e a s . T h e a b o v e tex t r e p r e s e n t s the m e th o d u s e d in co m p u t in g th ese new w a g e ch ange in d e x e s . The new s e r i e s w a s in it ia ted la s t y e a r and the data a r e not c o m p a r a b l e w ith t r e n d s p u b l is h e d p r i o r to that t im e .

The new s e r i e s c o v e r s the s a m e j o b g r o u p in g s as the e a r l i e r s e r i e s w ith the f o l l o w in g e x c e p t i o n s : T h e c l e r i c a l and in d u s t r ia l n u r s e g r o u p s , f o r m e r l y r e s t r i c t e d to w o m e n , n ow in c lu d e both m e n and w o m e n . C h an g es w e r e a l s o m a d e in the j o b s in c lu d e d w ith in j o b g r o u p in g s in o r d e r that an id e n t i c a l l i s t c o u ld be e m p l o y e d in a l l a r e a s .


A: Occupational EarningsTable A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women

5

(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Toledo, Ohio, February 1963)

See footnote at end o f table.


6

Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women---- Continued(A ve ra g e s tra ig h t-t im e w eek ly h o u rs and earn in gs fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a rea b a s is

b y in du stry d iv is io n , T o le d o , O h io , F e b r u a r y 1963)

Sex, occupation, and industry division

Women— Continued

Clerks, file , class A ___________________

Clerks, file , c la ss B ___________________M anufacturin g_____ __________________Nonmanufacturing ___________________

Clerks, order __________________________M anufacturin g_______________________

Clerks, p a y r o l l _________________________Manufacturing _______________________Nonmanufacturing ___________________

Comptometer operators ________________Manufacturing _______________________Nonmanufacturing ___________________

Keypunch operators, class A __________Manufacturing _______________________

Keypunch operators, class B __________

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________________

O ffice girls

M an u factu rin g______________________Nonmanufacturing ___________________

Public utilities 2 __________________

Stenographers, g e n e r a l_________________Manufacturing _______________________Nonmanufacturing ___________________

Public utilities 2 __________________

Stenographers, senior _________________Manufacturing _______________________Nonmanufacturing ___________________

Switchboard operators __________________M an u factu rin g_______________________Nonmanufacturing ___________________

Switchboard o p e ra to r -re ce p t io n is ts___Manufacturing _______________________Nonmanufacturing ___________________

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—Numberofworkers

Weekly, hours 1 (Standard)

Weekly earnings 1 (Standard)* 40 and

under45

* 45

50

‘ 50

55

* 55

60

* 60

65

* 65

70

1 70

75

’ 75

80

* 80

85

* 85

90

' 90

95

* 95

1 0 0

* 1 0 0

105

*105

n o

* 1 1 0

115

*115

1 2 0

* 1 2 0

125

*125

130

*130

135

s135

140

s140

145

s145

150

$150and

over

23 39.5 $79.50 2 6 1 7 2 2 3

10 1 39.5 66.50 8 25 16 2 2 9 8 8 3 238 40.0 74.00 - - - - - 2 0 3 7 3 3 263 39.5 62.00 - - 8 25 16 2 6 1 5

80 40.0 79.50 _ _ _ 5 6 16 6 11 6 9 5 4 6 5 158 40.0 84.00 - - - 5 5 3 6 5 4 9 5 4 6 5 1

174 40.0 82.50 _ _ _ 9 1 0 25 10 29 25 16 17 6 i 10 12 2 _ 1 _ _ 1 _ _115 40.0 86.50 - - - 2 4 13 2 28 13 12 12 6 - 8 11 2 - 1 - - 1 - -

59 40.0 75.00 - 7 6 12 8 1 12 4 5 - 1 2 1

127 39.5 76.50 5 27 13 10 18 13 2 0 13 5 2 170 40.0 80.00 - - - - 14 1 5 15 11 5 11 5 2 157 39.0 72.50 - - - 5 13 12 5 3 2 15 2

6 8 39.5 85.50 _ _ _ _ 2 7 5 _ 4 39 3 7 163 40.0 86.50 - - - - 7 3 - 3 39 3 7 1

128 39.0 77.00 _ _ 2 4 11 12 25 32 15 7 6 1476 39.5 80.50 - - - - 2 8 8 24 15 6 4 952 38.0 72.50 - “ 2 4 9 4 17 8 1 2 5

40 39.0 62.00 . 1 6 10 10 2 10 . 1

561 39.5 100.50 5 15 16 14 31 92 61 37 65 71 6 6 27 18 5 16 12 1 3 6442 40.0 102.50 - - - - - 10 15 4 18 72 46 34 53 57 54 21 16 4 16 12 1 3 6119 38.5 93.50 - - - - 5 5 1 10 13 2 0 15 3 12 14 12 6 2 1 - - - - -47 38.5 89.50 - - * - 1 3 - 4 7 15 7 i - 2 5 2 - - - - - - '

457 39.5 81.50 _ 2 17 7 21 28 67 83 87 39 24 14 43 16 5 3 1 _ _ _ _ _341 39.5 81.00 - 2 5 4 10 26 60 67 76 33 13 12 14 10 5 3 1 - - - - - -116 39.5 83.00 - - 12 3 11 2 7 16 11 6 11 2 29 650 40.0 99.00 - - - - - - - 1 4 3 7 1 28 6

312 39.5 92.50 _ _ _ _ 3 i 5 26 48 48 61 40 32 37 3 4 _ 1 1 2 _ _ _270 39.5 92.50 - - - - - i 5 21 43 39 53 40 32 25 3 4 - 1 1 2 - - -

42 40.0 90.00 " 3 - 5 5 9 8 - 12 - -

109 39.5 80.50 i 8 7 7 14 5 9 7 6 23 13 5 1 1 1 146 39.5 9 0 . 0 0 - - - - - 3 1 6 7 6 10 7 2 1 1 1 - - - 1 - - -63 39.0 73.50 i 8 - 7 7 11 4 3 - - 13 6 3

140 39.5 71.00 _ 3 15 36 14 32 3 19 8 5 1 493 40.0 71.50 - - 3 10 2 2 14 2 0 1 8 6 4 1 447 39.5 70.00 5 14 12 2 11 2 1

See fo o tn o te s at end o f table.


7

Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women---- Continued(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis

by industry division, Toledo, Ohio, February 1963)

1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.

Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied '

by industry division, Toledo, Ohio, February 1963)

Sex, occupation, and industry division

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—Numberof Weekly^

(Standard)Weeklyearnings1(Standard)

1 65 and

under 70

* 70

75

* 75

80

’ 80

85

* 85

90

* 90

95

* 95

100

*100

105

*105

110

* 110

115

s 115

120

*120

125

' 125

130

*130

135

* 135

140

* 140

145

*145

150

S 150

155

s 155

160

*160

165

*165

170

$170

180

*180

190

$190

200

*200

210

75 40. 0 $174.00 2 1 6 4 1 10 4 15 26 675 40. 0 174. 00 2 1 - 6 4 1 - - - 10 4 15 - 26 6

165 40. 0 131.50 _ _ _ _ 1 2 3 1 5 9 19 33 19 14 11 4 13 15 1 4 _ 11 _ _ -40. 0 131.50 - - -■ - 1 2 3 1 5 9 19 33 19 14 11 4 13 15 1 3 - 11 - - -

154 40. 0 107.00 8 _ _ 8 16 21 16 8 8 9 19 7 10 _ 21 _ 2 - 1 _ _ _ _ _ _154 40. 0 107.00 8 “ 8 16 2i 16 8 8 9 19 7 10

'

21'

2'

1" " ' ' '

57 40. 0 104. 50 1 1 1 4 3 5 20 5 5 6 3 2 153 40. 0 105.50 " " 1 3 3 5 20 5 5 6 3 1 1

Draftsmen, leader Manufacturing

Draftsmen, senior Manufacturing _

Draftsmen, junior _____Manufacturing ______

N urses, industrial (registered) Manufacturing ______________

Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.


8

Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined

Occupation and industry division

O ffice occupations

B illers , machine (billing machine) --------------------------

B illers , machine (bookkeeping machine) ----------------

Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A --------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------

Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B _________Manufacturing ____________________________________Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------

C lerks, accounting, class A ------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------

C lerks, accounting, class B ------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _______________________________

Public u tilit ies2 ----------------------------------------------

C lerks, file, class A ------------------------------------------------

C lerks, file, class B ------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------

Clerks, order ------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------

C lerks, payroll _____________________________________Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------

Comptom eter operators -------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _______________________________

(A v e ra g e s tra ig h t-t im e w eekly earn in gs fo r se le c te d o ccu p a tion s stud ied on an a re a b a s isby in dustry d iv is io n , T o le d o , O hio, F e b ru a ry 1963)

NumberofworkersAverage weekly . earnings1 (Standard)

Occupation and industry division Numberof weeklyearnings(Standard)Occupation and industry division of w«klye !earnings(Standard)

O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occupations— Continued

36 $ 78. 00 Keypunch operators, class A --- -------------------------- 68 $85. 50 Tabulating-machine operators, class B ____________ 103 $ 103. 00Manufacturing ----------------------- ---------------------------- 63 86. 50 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 82 104. 00

27 67. 00Keypunch operators, class B ---------------------------------- 129 77. 00

44 82. 00 Manufacturing _______________ __________________ 77 80. 50 Tabulating-machine operators, class C ------------------ 69 83. 5028 86. 50 Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------ 52 72. 50 Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 48 79. 50

249 65. 50 O ffice boys and g irls _______________________________ 108 66. 5068 74. 50 Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------ 64 62. 50 Transcribing-m achine operators, general _________ 44 70. 50

181 62. 00 Nonmanufacturing ------ — ------- — — ------- 44 72. 50 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 29 74. 50

185 106. 00 Secretaries ---------------------- — ---------------------------------- 564 100. 50129 109. 50 Manufacturing ----------------- --------------------------- ---- 444 102. 50 Typists, class A --------------------------------------------------------- 245 80. 50

56 97. 00 Nonmanufacturing ------ — — ------ — ------------ 120 93. 00 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 204 80. 5047 89. 50

300 80. 50142 87. 00 Stenographers, general -------------------------------------------- 461 81. 50 Typists, class B --------------------------------------------------------- 177 70. 50158 75. 00 Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------ 342 81. 00 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 92 68. 50

33 83. 00 Nonmanufacturing ------ — -------------------------------- 119 83. 50 Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 85 72. 5053 99. 50 45 80. 50

23 79. 50312 92. 50

101 66. 50 Manufacturing ------- — ------------ — — .. ------- 270 92. 50 Professional and technical occupations38 74. 00 Nonmanufacturing ----- — ------------ __ -------------- 42 90. 0063 62. 00

109 80. 50 76 173. 0098 80. 50 Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------ 46 90. 00 Manufacturing — --------------------------------------------------- 76 173. 0076 83. 50 Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------ 63 73. 50

Draftsmen, senior ------------------------------------------------------ 165 131. 50211 87. 00 Switchboard operator-receptionists ------------------------ 140 71. 00 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 164 131. 50146 91. 00 Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------ 93 71. 5065 78. 00 Nonmanufacturing ----------------- -------------------------- 47 70. 00 Draftsmen, junior ------------------------------------------------------- 154 107.00

Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 154 107.00127 76. 5070 80. 00 Tabulating-machine operators, class A ----------------- 32 115. 50 N urses, industrial (registered) -------------------------------- 59 105. 00

30 116.00 106. 50

Earnings relate to regular straight-tim e weekly salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.


Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations9

(A v e ra g e stra ig h t-t im e h ou rly ea rn in gs fo r m en in se le c te d occu p a tio n s stud ied on an a re a b a s isby in du stry d iv is io n , T o le d o , O hio, F e b r u a r y 1963)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—

Occupation and industry division NumberofworkersAverage hourly . earnings 1

1.60and

under1.70

$1.70

1.80

$1.80

1.90

$1.90

2.00

$2.00

2.10

$2.10

2.20

$2.20

2.30

$2.30

2.40

$2.40

2.50

$2.50

2.60

$ , 2.60

2.70

$2.70

2.80

$2.80

2.90

$2.90

3.00

$3.00

3.10

*3.10

3.20

$3.20

3.30

$3.30

3.40

$3.40

3.50

*3.50

3.60

*3.60

3.70

*3.70

3.80

$3.80

3.90

*3.90

4.00

Carpenters, maintenance ______________ 62 $3.15 3 1 4 4 1 1 2 14 3 2 6 6 156

E lectricians, maintenance _____________ 376 3.29 3 1 2 6 3 10 22 29 90 31 10 126 13 4 10 16Manufacturing __ __ __ __ _____ ___ 313 3.25 - - - - 3 - - - - - 5 2 10 20 27 87 30 9 93 0 4 10 - -Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 63 3.45 - - - - - 1 - - 2 - 1 1 - 2 2 3 1 1 33 - - - - 16

Engineers, stationary __________________ 81 3.20 6 3 1 5 1 5 1 18 9 8 2 6 8 8Manufacturing _______________________ 61 3.35 - - - - - - - - - 4 - 1 5 - - 18 - 5 8 - 4 8 - 8

Firem en, stationary boiler ____________ 125 2.71 9 _ 4 _ 7 6 4 _ 12 _ 12 8 15 _ 16 _ 20 12 _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturin g_____________ __ __ 90 2.72 9 - - - 7 6 - - 9 - 4 ' 15 - 16 - 20 4 * - - - - -

H elpers, maintenance trades 73 2.77 _ . _ _ 2 _ _ 2 2 13 4 20 1 3 2626

M achine-tool operators, toolroom 182 3.29 i i 3 6 12 4 55 59 39 26

M achinists, maintenance _______________ 178 3.31 3 2 3 29 7 5 25 10 14 80Manufacturing _______________________ 171 3.31 - - - - - - 3 - - * 2 - * 29 7 5 25 10 10 80 - - - -

M echanics, automotive(maintenance) _________________________ 297 3.00 - 4 - - - - - - 4 8 20 10 57 36 20 79 6 49 3 1 - _ - -

Manufacturing _______________________ 131 2.98 - - - - - - - - - - 10 - 41 32 2 34 1 7 3 1 - - - -Nonmanufacturing ___ _____________ 166 3.01 - 4 - - - - - - 4 8 10 10 16 4 18 45 5 42 - - - - - -

Public utilities 2 __________________ 136 3.04 - - - - - - - - 4 8 10 10 16 - - 41 5 42 - - - - - -M echanics, maintenance __ __ _______ 384 3.14 _ _ _ _ _ 6 10 _ _ 2 18 23 37 22 71 34 11 56 19 74 _ _ _ 1

Manufacturing _______________________ 364 3.13 " “ 6 10 ■ • 2 18 23 37 22 71 29 11 41 19 74 - “ 1

Millwrights _ 34.1 3.07 . . . . . . 4 . 3 13 . 36 . 43 117 25 16 51 33Manufacturing ______________ __ 340 3.08 “ * - - - 3 3 13 36 - 43 117 25 16 51 33

n i ,p„ 59 2.62 2 2 6 4 12 32 16

Painters, maintenance _________________ 46 3.00 1 3 2 1 8 1 4 7 3 4 1236

Pipefitters, maintenance 135 3.32 4 9 1 6 24 2 10 50 296

Sheet-m etal w orkers, maintenance ____ 25 3.25 1 2 i 6 6 96 6

Tool and die makers ________________ 531 3.40 4 12 30 53 51 101 61 35 144 40Manufacturing ____________ ____ __ _ 531 3.40 4 12 30 53 51 101 61 35 144 40

Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.


10

Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations(A v e ra g e stra ig h t-t im e h ou r ly ea rn in gs fo r se le c te d occu p a tio n s studied on an a re a b a s is

b y in du stry d iv is io n , T o le d o , O hio, F e b r u a r y 1963)


O ccupation1 and industry division NumberofworkersAveragehourly earnings 2

$1.00and

under1.10

*1.10

1.20

*1.20

1.30

*1.30

1.40

*1.40

1.50

*1.50

1.60

*1.60

1.70

$1.70

1.80

$1.80

1.90

*1.90

2.00

*2.00

2.10

*2.10

2.20

*2.20

2.30

*2.30

2.40

*2.40

2.50

$2.50

2.60

*2.60

2.70

$2.70

2.80

*2.80

2.90

*2.90

3.00

$3.00

3.10

*3.10

3.20

$3.20

3.30

*3.30

3.40

*3.40

3.50

*3.50

3.60

Guards and watchmen __________________ 465 $2.20 44 18 19 4 7 15 9 24 7 11 12 1 31 118 11 26 54 19 20 15Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 267 2.51 - - - - - - 3 - 4 4 9 8 - 31 100 6 2 6 45 16 - 15 - - - - -

On a rds 235 2.52 - - - - - - 3 - 2 4 9 8 - 16 93 6 26 45 8 - 15 - - - - -Watchmen _________________________ 32 2.46 _ - - - - - - 2 - - - - 15 7 - - - 8 - - - - - - -

Nonmanufacturing _____ __ __ — 198 1.79 - 44 18 19 4 7 12 9 20 3 2 4 1 - 18 5 - 9 3 20 - - - - - -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners(men) ___________________________________ 976 2.16 7 12 6 8 20 35 48 60 61 27 40 118 61 170 109 184 2 3 5 - - - - - - -

Manufacturing _______________________ 730 n z - - - - - 15 33 17 46 27 27 99 40 156 87 182 - 1Nonmanufacturing _______ _____— 246 1.85 7 12 6 8 20 20 15 43 15 - 13 19 21 14 22 2 2 2 5 - - - - -

Public u tilit ies3 _________________ 56 2.26 - - - - - - - 2 - - 11 6 20 4 8 - - 5 "Janitors, porters, and cleaners

(women) __ _ _ ___ ________ ___ 164 1.80 - 12 6 9 4 28 23 15 4 5 11 6 18 5 16 2Manufacturing _ ____ ____ _ __ 84 2.02 - - - — 5“ 3 3 - 12 4 5 9 6 13 5 16 2 -Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ __ __ __ 80 1.56 - 12 6 3 1 25 23 3 - - 2 5 - - - - - - - ~

Public utilities 3 _________________ 25 1.70 2 “ 15 “ 3 " “ " 5 “ " “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ "

L aborers, m aterial h an d lin g___________ 1, 244 2.44 10 18 31 i i 19 67 113 56 217 270 90 79 143 38 2 16 64 . . .Manufacturing — __ __ __ __ __ 935 2.41 - - - - - 6 12 - 9 10 56 105 30 197 254 50 48 125 29 - 4 - - - - -Nonmanufacturing __________ __ — 309 2.53 - - - - - 4 6 31 2 9 11 8 26 20 16 40 31 18 9 2 12 64 - - -

Order f i l l e r s ____________________________ 355 2.47 1 24 4 2 8 18 28 90 36 79 38 27Manufacturing _ _____— — — — 202 2.55 8 8 1 90 - - 50 18 - - 27 - - -Nonmanufacturing ________— _______ 153 2.37 " " “ ” 1 24 4 2 “ 10 27 “ “ 36 29 20

Packers, shipping (men) _______________ 326 2.42 . . . 6 6 12 . 10 42 . 173 26 7 32 2 _ _ _ _ 10 _ _10 173 24 5 32 2 10

Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ ____ — 41 2.17 - - - - - - - 6 6 - 25 - 2 2

Packers, shipping (w o m e n )_____________ 25 1.75 . . . . . 14 _ 4 _ i _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Receiving clerks __________— — — — 94 2.48 4 6 6 6 1 5 14 12 11 22 2 2 3Manufacturing — — — — — — — 52 2.56 6 - 1 3 11 12 5 9 2 - - 3 - - -Nonmanufacturing _ _— — 42 2.39 “ “ “ “ " 4 6 “ “ 6 _ 2 3 “ 6 13 2

" ' ' ' " ' ‘

Shipping cle rks __________________________ 71 2.49 1 . . . 2 2 3 . 8 2 22 2 15 6 4 4 _ . _ _ _ _Manufacturing _______ ______— — 61 2.52 - - - 1 - * * 2 2 3 - 2 2 19 2 14 6 4 4 - - - - - -

Shipping and receiving c l e r k s __________ 77 2.55 4 5 3 _ 9 _ 4 5 28 11 1 1 2 _ _ _ _ 47̂/f ̂ rliiripg 4 5 1 4 5 14 1 2 4

Truckdriver s 4 ____________ ____ _____ 1, 149 2.81 6 6 2 4 4 36 12 84 74 19 77 118 29 300 191 151 32 4Manufacturing _ _____________ 515 2.71 2 2 4 21 11 76 43 16 49 31 27 165 61 3 - 4 - -Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 634 2.90 - - - - - - 6 6 - 2 - 15 1 8 31 3 28 87 2 135 130 148 32 - - -

251 3.00 6 17 45 147 32

See fo o tn o te s at end of table.


11Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued(A v e ra g e s tra ig h t-t im e h ou rly ea rn in gs fo r se le c te d occu p a tio n s studied on an a re a b a s is

by in du stry d iv is io n , T o le d o , O hio, F e b ru a ry 1963)


Occupation 1 and industry division Numberof hourly _ e&mings

$1. 00 and

under 1. 10

$1. 10

1 . 2 0

$1. 20

1. 30

$1. 30

1.40

$1.40

1. 50

$1. 50

1. 60

$1. 60

1. 70

$1. 70

1. 80

$1. 80

1. 90

%1. 90

2 . 0 0

$2. 00

2 . 1 0

$2. 10

2 . 2 0

$2. 20

2. 30

$2. 30

2. 40

$2.40

2. 50

$2. 50

2.60

$2. 60

2. 70

$2. 70

2. 80

$2. 80

2 . 9 0

*2. 90

3. 00

$3. 00

3 . 1 0

$3. 10

3 . 2 0

$3. 20

3. 30

$3. 30

3. 40

%3. 40

3. 50

s3. 50

3. 60

Truckdrivers 4— Continued

Truckdrivers, light (under11 h tons) ___________________________ 136 $ 2 .4 8 - - - - - - 6 6 2 2 4 16 1 10 3 4 35 37 _ - 10 _ _ _ _ _

Nonmanufacturing ________________ 68 2. 54 - - - - - - 6 6 2 7'

37 - - 10 - - - - -

Truckdrivers, medium (IV 2 to andincluding 4 tons) ___ — — — — _ 282 2. 77 2 - 16 - 2 34 13 28 68 25 7 4 9 32 5 1 _ _

25 4 910 28

82 2. 85 17 24 32

Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons,tra iler t y p e )________________________ 367 3. 02 10 _ _ _ 6 11 2 105 84 119 27 3

Manufacturing ------ ------- ------- 35 2. 69 10 - - - 6 11 2 - - 3 - 3 _ -

105 84

Truckers, power (forklift) __ — 512 2. 50 15 4 4 7 32 6 63 101 49 110 95 14 4 4 4Manufacturing ---- — — - 438 2. 47 “ 15 4 4 3 32 6 63 101 49 82 63 4 4 - 4 4 - -

Truckers, power (other thanf n rk lift) _ 75 2. 49 2 2 6 43 _ _ 21 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

______

1 Data limited to men w orkers except where otherwise indicated.2 Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.4 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated.


B: Establishment Practices and Supplem entary Wage ProvisionsTable B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en Office W orkers

(D is t r ib u t io n o f e s ta b l is h m e n ts s tu d ie d in a l l in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y m in im u m e n tr a n c e s a la r y fo r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e so f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , T o le d o , O h io , F e b r u a r y 1963)

In experienced typ ists Other in experien ced c le r ic a l w ork ers

M anufacturing N onm anufac tu ring M anufacturing N onm anufacturingM inim um w eek ly stra igh t-tim e s a la r y 1 A ll B ased on standard w eekly hours 3 of— A ll B ased on standard w eek ly hours 3 o f—

industries industriesA ll

schedules 37 V2 40 A llschedules 37 V2 40 A ll

schedules 37>/z 40 A llschedules 37 Vz 40

E stablishm ents studied _________________________ ___________ 126 62 X X X X X X 64 X X X X X X 126 62 X X X X X X 64 X X X X X X

44 29 3 25 15 5 8 58 34 3 29 24 5 17

$4 2 . 50 and under $ 4 5 . 00 ________________________________ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 . 1$ 4 5 .0 0 and under $ 47 .5 0 ________________________________ 1 - - - 1 - - 2 1 - 1 1 - -$4 7 . 50 and under $ 50. 00 __ _____ _____________________ 2 - - - 2 1 - 4 1 - 1 3 1 1$ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50 _________________________________ 2 - - - 2 - 2 6 1 - 1 5 - 5$ 52. 50 and under $ 55. 00 ________________________________ 6 4 1 3 2 - . 2 9 5 1 4 4 - 4$ 55. 00 and under $ 57. 50 ____________________________ 3 2 - 2 1 1 - 5 3 - 3 2 2 -$ 57 .50 and under $ 60. 00 _ ____________________________$ 60. 00 and under $ 62. 50 ___________ ___________________$ 62. 50 and under $ 65 .00 ________________________________

7 38

625

1 525

113

1

211

834

624

1 524

21

21

$ 65. 00 and under $ 67. 50 ____________________ __________ 6 5 1 3 1 - 1 8 5 1 3 3 3$ 67. 50 and under $ 70. 00 _________________________________$ 70. 00 and under $ 72. 50 ____________________________ —

11

11

" 11 _ _

23

12

“ 11

11

" 11

$ 72 .50 and under $ 75. 00 ________________________________ 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - - -$ 7 5. 00 and under $ 77. 50 ________________________________ 1 1 - 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - -$ 77. 50 and under $ 80 .0 0 ________________________________ - - - - - - - - - - - -$ 80. 00 and under $ 82. 50 ________________________________ 1 1 - 1 - - - 1 1 - 1 - -

_ - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 - - -$ 85. 00 and under $ 87. 50 _______________________ _______ 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - -

E stab lishm ents having no sp ec ified m inim um _____________ 22 10 X X X X X X 12 X X X X X X 27 12 X X X X X X 15 X X X X X X

E stablishm ents w hich did not em ploy w ork ers1660 23 X X X X X X 37 X X X X X X 41 X X X X X X 25 X X X X X X

T h ese sa la r ies re la te to fo rm a lly estab lished m in im um starting (hiring) regu lar stra igh t-tim e sa la r ies that are paid for standard w ork w eeks. E xcludes w ork ers in s u b c le r ica l jobs such as m essen g er or o ffice g ir l.Data are p resen ted fo r a ll standard w orkw eeks com bin ed , and fo r the m ost com m on standard w orkw eeks reported .


13

Table B-2. Shift D ifferentials(S h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l s o f m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t w o r k e r s b y ty p e and a m o u n t o f d i f f e r e n t ia l ,

T o le d o , O h io , F e b r u a r y 1963)

P e rce n t o f m anufacturin g plant w ork e rs—

Shift d ifferen tia lIn estab lish m en ts having fo rm a l

p ro v is io n s 1 fo r — A ctu a lly wo rking on—

Second shift w ork

T h ird o r other sh ift w ork Second shift T h ird o r other

shift

9 2 . 8 88.8 16.4 5 . 1

With shift pay d iffe ren tia l ________________ ____ 9 2 . 3 88.8 16.2 5 . 1

U niform cents (per hour) ____________________ 83.8 78.5 16.1 5 . 1

5 cents _ _ 11.9 5.5 3.4 . 56 cents ______________________________________ 6.2 - 1.5 -6 7 2 cents 1.4 - .2 -7 cents ______________________________________ 2.8 1.6 .3 . 27 V2 cents _________________________________ 31.1 11.2 4.5 . 58 rents 13.2 3.7 2.2 -9 cents . 1 5.6 - . 710 cents ______________________________ ____ 7.1 29.9 1.5 -11 cents ____________________________________ 5.8 - 1.6 -1Z cents ____________________________________ 2.7 6.4 .9 1 . 5I 2 V2 cents __ . . _____ _______ - ____ - .6 - -13 cents __________________________ _________ - 5.8 - .815 cents - 1.5 - . 116 cents 1.6 4.0 .2 .618 cents - 1.2 - (2 )2 9 V3 cents - 1.6 - .2

U n iform percen ta ge ____________ __ __ - 7 . 7 8.5 - -

5 p e r c e n t ___________________________________ 7 . 7 _ - -10 p ercen t - 8.5 - -

O ther fo rm a l pay d iffe ren tia l _______________ .8 1.7 (2 ) -

With no shift pay d iffe ren tia l ___________________ .5 .3

1 Includes estab lish m en ts cu rren tly operating late sh ifts , and estab lish m en ts w ith fo rm a l p ro v is io n s c ov er in g late sh ifts even though they w e re not cu rren tly operating late sh ifts.

2 L e ss than 0.05 p ercen t.


14Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e and p lant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r so f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , T o le d o , O h io , F e b r u a r y 1963)

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

W e e k l y h o u r sAll industries * Manufacturing Public utilities 1 2 3 All industries^ Manufacturing Public utilities2

A l l w o r k e r s ________ _____________________________________ 100 1 00 1 0 0 100 1 00 1 0 0

l 4 ( 4 ) 113 7 2 2

2 3 183

19 0 9 6 87 88 1 00

2 34 4 h o u r s ________ __ __ ______ ________ ____ __ ------ f ) ( 4 ) - 2 2 _

1 24 4

4 9 h o u r s __________________________________________ __ ____ ( 4 )

1 Includes data fo r w holesa le trade; re ta il trade; finance, in su ran ce , and rea l estate; and s e rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .2 T ran sportation , com m u nication , and other public u tilit ies .3 Includes data fo r w holesa le trade, re ta il trade, rea l estate, and s e rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .4 L ess than 0. 5 percent.


15Table B-4. Paid Holidays

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f o f f ic e and p lant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y sp r o v id e d a n n u a lly , T o le d o , O h io , F e b r u a r y 1963)

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERSItem

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities2

A ll w ork ers _________ ________ ______ __ 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

W orkers in establishm ents providingpaid holidays _______________.__________________ 99 1 0 0 1 0 0 96 1 0 0 1 0 0

W orkers in establishm ents providingno paid holidays _______________ ________________ (4 )

' '4 ■

Number of days

3 holidays _______________________ ___ . . ___ . . 2 34 holidays ________________________________________ (4 ) - - (4 ) - -5 holidays ________________________________________ (4 ) - - 1 - -6 holidays ________________________________________ 30 1 0 16 2 0 7 186 holidays plus 1 half day 3 4 - 1 1 -6 holidays plus 2 half days _____________________ 27 45 - 39 58 -7 holidays ______ ______ __ ___ __ 26 31 57 2 2 18 607 holidays plus 2 half days 3 6 - 2 3 -7 holidays plus 3 half days (4 ) - - (4 ) - -8 holidays __________ __ __ __ ______ ______ 7 3 19 7 6 148 holidays plus 1 half day (4 ) - - - - -8 holidays plus 2 half days _ 1 2 - 3 4 -9 holidays ___________ _____ __ __ ___ __ 1 - 8 1 - 81 0 holidays _ _ ___ ____ ______ __ ___ (4 ) 1

‘” “ "

Total holiday tim e 5

1 0 d a ys ___________________________________________ (4 ) 19 or m ore days __________________________________ 2 3 8 3 4 88 V2 o r m ore days 3 3 8 3 4 88 o r m ore days _ — _ __ 13 11 27 1 2 13 2 27 or m ore days __________________________________ 67 87 84 73 89 826 V2 or m ore days _______________________________ 70 90 84 73 90 826 or m ore days 99 100 100 93 97 1005 or m ore days __ 99 100 100 94 97 1004 or m ore days 99 100 100 95 97 1003 or m ore days _ _ __________ 99 100 100 96 100 100

1 Includes data for w holesa le trade; re ta il trade; finance, insurance, and rea l estate; and s e rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv isions shown separately.2 T ran sportation , com m unication , and other public utilities .3 Includes data fo r w holesa le trade, re ta il trade, rea l estate, and se rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .4 L ess than 0.5 percent.5 A ll com binations of fu ll and half days that add to the sam e amount are com bined; fo r exam ple, the prop ortion of w ork ers re ce iv in g a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and

no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 fu ll days and 4 half days, and so on. P rop ortion s w ere then cumulated.


16Table B-5. Paid Vacations

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e and p la n t w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s by v a c a t io n payp r o v is io n s , T o le d o , O h io , F e b r u a r y 1963)

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERSV acation p o licy

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries ̂ Manufacturing Public utilities2

A ll w ork ers ______________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

Method o f paym ent

W orkers in establishm ents providingpaid vacations _________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

L en g th -o f-tim e paym ent ------------------------------- 96 93 100 63 47 94P ercen tage paym ent -------------------------------------- 4 7 - 36 52 6F la t-su m paym ent ------------------------------------------ - - - - - -Other ________ — — ------- ------------------ ------ - - - 1 i -

W orkers in establishm ents provid ingno paid vacations ---------- — — ---------------------- “ " ' ' ' "

Amount o f vacation pay 4

A fter 6 months o f s e rv ice

Under 1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------- 6 9 _ 16 22 _1 w eek -------------------- ------------- ------------------ ------ 47 58 2 22 32 5O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ---------------------------------- 10 16 4 1 (5) (5 )2 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3 - - -

A fter 1 y ea r o f s e rv ice

Under 1 w eek ------------------------- ------- ----------------- 1 _ _ 1 - -

1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 9 75 67 57 95O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ---------------------------------- - - - 20 30 -

2 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 75 91 25 11 12 54 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ - - - (5) 1 -

A fter 2 y ea rs o f s e rv ice

1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 3 11 47 50 45O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ---------------------------------- 4 - 35 22 32 62 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 91 97 54 31 18 49O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ---------------------------------- (5) (5) • - - - -

3 w eeks ___________________________________________ (5) (5) - - - -4 weeks ____________ — — — ------------- — ------ - - - (5) 1

/ f t e r 3 y e a rs o f s e rv ice

1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 (5) (5) 11 11 1O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ---------------------------------- (5) - 2 32 48 -2 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 93 89 98 55 38 99O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ---------------------------------- 4 7 - - ~ -3 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3 - 1 2 -4 w eeks ________________________________ ____ — - - - (5) 1

A fter 4 y ea rs o f s e rv ice

1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 (5) (5 ) 9 10 1O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks -------------- ----------------- (5) - 2 28 42 -2 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 93 89 98 60 43 99O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ---------------------------------- 4 7 - 2 3 -3 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 4 - 1 2 -4 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ "

'(5) 1

See footn otes at end o f table.


17T able B-5. Paid V acation s— C ontinued

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e and p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y v a c a t io n pa yp r o v is i o n s , T o le d o , O h io , F e b r u a r y 1963)

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

V a c a t i o n p o l i c yAll industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 3 All industries^ Manufacturing Public utilities2

A m o u n t o f v a c a t i o n p a y 4 -----C o n t in u e d

A f t e r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k _________________________ • ____ ___________________ - _ _ 2 - _O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _ _____________ __ ___ ( 5 ) - 2 13 19 -2 w e e k s ____________ ______________— __________________ 9 2 8 7 98 71 59 1 00O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ___________________________ 5 9 . - 11 16 -3 w e e k s _____________________ ___________________________ 3 4 - 4 6 -4 w e e k s _ __ _____________________________________ ___ - - - ( 5 ) 1 -


1 w e e k ______________ ____________________ ______ _________ - - - 2 - -O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _ _______________________ ( 5 ) - 2 - - -2 w e e k s _________________ — — — __ --------- — — 35 28 6 8 28 21 77O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _ — — _________ — 3 5 - 32 48 -3 w e e k s ____________________________________________________ 62 6 7 31 37 28 23O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _________ ______ __ ___ - - - 1 2 -4 w e e k s _ __________ ______ __________ __ __ ___ ( 5 ) - - ( 5 ) 1 -


1 w e e k __________ _________ - _ - 2 - _2 w e e k s _________ ________________________ ______ __ ___ 29 23 57 23 16 6 2O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _________ ___________ 3 5 - 32 4 8 63 w e e k s _ _________________ __________________ _______ 6 8 7 2 4 3 4 2 33 32O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _____ __ _______________ - - - 1 2 -4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( 5 ) - - ( 5 ) 1 -


1 w e e k __________ _______________ ______ ______ _______ - - _ 2 - _2 w e e k s ____________________________________________________ 6 3 4 4 ( 5 ) 2O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _ __________ ______ ___ - - - 2 2 -3 w e e k s ____________ ______ ______ __ _______________ 94 97 96 74 69 98O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s . ______ . . ______ ___ (*) - - 18 27 -4 w e e k s _____________________________ __________ _______ ( 5 ) - - 1 1 -O v e r 4 w e e k s _ __ ______ __ ________________________ - - - ( 5 ) ( 5 ) -

A f t e r 2 0 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k ______________________ ____________________ _______ - - - 2 - _2 w e e k s _____________________ ____________ _________________ 6 3 4 3 - 2O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _____________________ ___ - - - 1 1 -3 w e e k s ________________ ______________________ _______ 75 74 8 2 64 61 82O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _____________— __ _____ - - - 19 28 -4 w e e k s _ _________ ______ ______________ ______ ___ 20 23 14 11 9 15O v e r 4 w e e k s _________________________ __________ ___ - - - ( 5 ) ( 5 ) -

A f t e r 2 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k _____________ __ ______________________ _______ _ - _ 2 _ _2 w e e k s _____________________ __ __________________ ___ 6 3 4 3 - 2O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s . . . . . _______________ - - - 1 1 _3 w e e k s ________________________ __________________ _ 49 56 3 5 4 9 52 39O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ___________________________ - - - 6 9 _4 w e e k s _________________ ____________________ ___________ 4 5 41 61 4 0 37 58O v e r 4 w e e k s _ ______ __________________ _____________ ( 5 ) " ( 5 ) ( 5 ) -

1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s .3 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .4 I n c l u d e s p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , c o n v e r t e d t o a n e q u iv a le n t t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t

o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t t h e i n d iv i d u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p l e , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s i n d i c a t e d a t 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e in c l u d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . E s t i m a t e s a r e c u m u l a t i v e . T h u s , t h e p r o p o r t i o n r e c e i v i n g 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r m o r e a f t e r 5 y e a r s in c l u d e s t h o s e w h o r e c e i v e 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r m o r e a f t e r f e w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e .

5 L e ss th a n 0 .5 p e r c e n t .


18

T able B-6. H ealth , Insurance, and P en sion Plans( P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g

h e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s i o n b e n e f i t s , 1 2 T o l e d o , O h io , F e b r u a r y 1 9 6 3 )

OFFICE W O RK ER S PL A N T W O RK ER S

T ype o f benefitAll industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities 3 All industries 4 Manufacturing Public utilities 3

A ll w ork ers ______________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

W ork ers in establishm ents providing:

L ife insurance _______________________________ 95 100 98 97 99 98A cciden ta l death and d ism em berm ent

insurance ___________________________________ 66 83 42 70 78 39Sickness and accid ent insurance or

s ick leave or both 5 ________________________ 79 92 66 92 99 60

Sickness and accident insurance _______ 60 83 18 82 94 17Sick leave (fu ll pay and no

w aiting period) 50 62 34 8 6 11Sick leave (partia l pay or

w aiting period) _________________________ 4 (6) 19 6 2 33

H ospita lization insurance 85 98 80 95 100 79Surgica l insurance __________ ______________ 85 98 80 92 99 79M edica l insurance ___________________________ 75 93 80 76 83 79Catastrophe insurance ______________________ 63 68 88 28 26 77R etirem ent pension _________________________ 81 95 62 80 93 58No health, insurance, or pension p l a n ____

1 I n c l u d e s t h o s e p l a n s f o r w h ic h a t l e a s t a p a r t o f th e c o s t i s b o r n e b y th e e m p l o y e r , e x c e p t i n g o n l y l e g a l r e q u i r e m e n t s s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t i o n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , a n d r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t .

2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .3 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s .4 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .5 U n d u p l i c a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S i c k l e a v e p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h i c h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h a t l e a s t

t h e m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n f o r m a l s i c k l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d o n a n i n d iv i d u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d .6 L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t .


Appendix: Occupational DescriptionsThe primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its

field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

OFFICEBILLER, MACHINE

Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows:

B iller , m achine (b illin g m a ch in e)—U s e s a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

B iller , m achine (b o o k k eep in g m a ch in e)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

C la s s A—Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

C la ss B — Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING

C la ss .4—Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment’s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts

19Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

20

payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting clerks.

C la ss B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

C L E R K , A C C O U N T I N G -C o n tin u e d

CLERK, FILE

C la ss A—In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks.

C la s s B — Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files.

C la s s C — Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Performs simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files.

C L E R K , O R D E RReceives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail,

phone, or personally. Duties involve any com bin ation o f th e fo llo w in g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing theitems to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow uporders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders.

CLERK, PAYROLL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.


KEYPUNCH OPERATOR

C la s s A—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source documents to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators.

C la s s B —Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor.

OFFICE BOY OR GIRL

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.

SECRETARY

Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and

21

SECRETARY— Continued

making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior.

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.)

STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc.

OR

Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographicspeed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work.


22

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator- receptionist.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST

In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR

C l a s s A—Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical accounting machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs complete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, D o e s not in c lu de working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators.

C la s s B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued

C l a s s C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive operations.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records., filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail.

C l a s s A—Performs on e or m ore o f the fo llo w in g : Typing material in final form when it involves combining material from several sources err responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language material; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances.

C l a s s B — Performs on e or m ore o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.


23

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICALDRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR

(Assistant draftsman)Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts

man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman.

DRAFTSMAN, LEADER

Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature.

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR

Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued

completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting.

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a com bin a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.

TRACER

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering.

MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANTCARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued

power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


24

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintainingequipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a lso supervise these operations. H ea d or c h ie f en g in eers in e s ta b lis h m en ts em p loyin g m ore than on e e n g in e e r are ex c lu d ed .

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.

HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES

Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions andspecifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working


MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE-Continued

properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and- experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the f o llo w in g : Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re- placementpart by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose p rim a ry d u t ie s involve setting up or adjusting machines.

25

Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves m o st o f the f o llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

OILER

MILLWRIGHT

Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of-mechanical equipment of an establishment.

PAINTER, MAINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work i n v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE

Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipecutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings


26

and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. W orkers p rim a rily e n g a g e d in in s t a llin g a n d

re p a irin g b u ild in g s a n ita tio n or h e a tin g s y s t e m s are e x c lu d e d .

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation ofvents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE

Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet- metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the f o llo w in g : Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued

types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work frommodels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision measuring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued

CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENTELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER

Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded.

GUARD

Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In c lu d es g a te - men w h o are s t a t io n e d at g a te and c h e c k on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and o th er p e r s o n s e n te rin g .


JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER

(Sweeper; charwomen; janitress)

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g :

Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve on e 'o r more o f the fo llo w

in g : Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on orfrom freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. L o n g s h o re m e n , who lo a d a n d u n lo a d s h ip s are e x c lu d e d .

ORDER FILLER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)

Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform <Jther related duties.

27

PACKER, SHIPPING

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may in v o lv e one or more o f

the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verifycontent; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m ake w o o d e n b o x e s or c r a te s are e x c lu d e d .

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK

Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. S h ip

p in g w ork i n v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices,routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records o f the go od s sh ip p ed , making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. R e c e iv in g

w ork in v o lv e s : Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:

R e c e iv in g c le r k

S h ip p in g c le r kS h ip p in g a n d r e c e iv in g c le rk


28

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D riv e r -sa le s m e n and o v e r -th e -r o a d d rivers are e x c lu d ed .

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated onthe basis of trailer capacity.)

T ru ck driver (com bin a tion o f s i z e s l i s t e d se p a r a te ly ) T ru ck driver, lig h t (under iy2 to n s)T ru ck driver, m edium (1l/2 to and in clu din g 4 ton s)T ru ck driver, h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s , trailer ty p e )T ru ck driver, h ea v y (o v e r 4 to n s , oth er than trailer ty p e )

TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:

T ru cker, p o w er (fo r k lift)T ru cker, p o w er (oth er than fork lift)

WATCHMAN

Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry.


Occupational Wa«je Surveys

A list o f the latest available bulletins is p resen ted be low . A d i r e c t o r y indicating dates o f e a r l ie r s tu d ies , and the p r i c e s o f the bulletins is available upon requ est . Bulletins m ay be pu rch a sed f r o m the Superintendent o f D ocu m en ts , U. S. G overn m en t Pr int ing O f f i ce , Washington 25, D. C. , o r f r o m any o f the BLS reg ion a l sa les o f f i c e s shown on the inside front c o v e r .

BulletinA re a num ber P r i c e

A k ron , Ohio _________________________________________ 1303-81 25 centsAlbany—Schenectady—T r o y , N. Y. _________________ 1345-53 20 centsA lbu qu erque, N. M ex. ____________________________ 1303-67 25 centsAllentown—Bethlehem —Easton , P a .—N. J. _______ 1345-45 20 centsAtlanta, Ga. _________________________________________ 1303-65 30 centsB a lt im o r e , Md. ____________________________________ 1345-23 25 centsBeaum ont—P o r t A rthur, Tex . ____________________ 1303-78 25 centsB irm in g h a m , Ala. _________________________________ 1303-59 30 centsB o is e , Idaho ________________________________________ 1303-77 25 centsB oston , M a ss . _____________________________________ 1345-15 25 cents

B u ffa lo , N. Y ............................................................................ 1345-30 25 centsBurlington , Vt. ____________________________________ 1345-50 25 centsCanton, Ohio _______________________________________ 1303-62 25 centsC h ar les ton , W. Va. _______________________________ 1303-61 25 centsC h ar lo tte , N. C. ____________________________________ 1303-60 25 centsChattanooga, T e n n . -G a . __________________________ 1345-8 25 centsC h ica go , 111. ________________________________________ 1303-64 30 centsCincinnati, Ohio—Ky. ______________________________ 1303-55 25 centsC levelan d , Ohio ____________________________________ 1345-14 25 centsC olu m bu s, Ohio ____________________________________ 1345-28 25 cents

D a llas , T ex . ________________________________________ 1345-21 25 centsD avenport—R o ck Island—M oline , Iowa—111. ______ 1345-18 25 centsDayton, Ohio ________________________________________ 1345-35 20 centsD en v er , C o lo . ______________________________________ 1345-32 25 centsDes M o in e s , Iowa _________________________________ 1345-42 20 centsD etro it , M ich . _____________________________________ 1345-47 25 centsF o r t W orth , Tex . _________________________________ 1345-27 25 centsG re e n Bay, W is . ___________________________________ 1345-3 25 centsG r e e n v i l le , S. C. __________________________________ 1303-70 25 centsHouston, Tex . ______________________________________ 1303-79 25 cents

Indianapolis , Ind. _________________________________ 1345-26 25 centsJackson , M is s . _____________________________________ 1345-43 20 centsJ a ck so n v i l le , F la . _________________________________ 1345-39 25 centsKansas C ity , M o . —Kans. _________________________ 1345-22 25 centsL a w re n ce —H averh il l , M a s s . — N. H. ______________ 1303-76 25 centsLittle R ock—North Little R o ck , Ark. ___________ 1345-7 25 centsL os A n g e les—Long B each , Calif . ________________ 1303-53 30 centsL o u is v i l l e , K y . —Ind. _______________________________ 1345-48 25 centsL u bbock , T ex . ______________________________________ 1303-74 25 centsM a n ch e s te r , N. H. __________________________________ 1345-2 25 centsM e m p h is , Tenn. ___________________________________ 1345-36 25 cents

BulletinA r e a num ber P r i c e

M ia m i , F la . _________________________________________ 1345-33 20 centsM ilw au kee , W is . __________________________________ 1303-57 25 centsM in neap o lis—St. P au l, Minn. ____________________ 1345-38 25 centsM uskegon—M uskegon Heights, M ich . ___________ 1303-68 25 centsN ew ark and J e r s e y C ity , N. J. ___________________ 1345-46 25 centsNew Haven, Conn. __________________________________ 1345-37 20 centsNew O r le a n s , La. __________________________________ 1345-44 25 centsNew Y o r k , N. Y. ___________________________________ 1303-58 30 centsN or fo lk —P o r tsm o u th and N ewport N ew s—

Hampton, Va. _____________________________________ 1303-75 20 centsOklahom a City, Okla. _____________________________ 1345-6 25 cents

Om aha, N e b r .—Iowa _______________________________ 1345-12 20 centsP a te rs o n —Clifton—P a s s a i c , N. J. ________________ 1303-71 25 centsP h ilade lp h ia , P a . —N. J. ___________________________ 1345-31 30 centsP h oen ix , A r iz . _____________________________________ 1303-54 25 centsP it tsbu rgh , Pa . ____________________________________ 1345-40 25 centsP or t la n d , Maine ___________________________________ 1345-24 20 centsP or t la n d , O r e g . —Wash. __________________________ 1303-72 25 centsP r o v id e n c e —Paw tucket , R. I . — M a ss . ____________ 1303-66 25 centsR a le igh , N. C. ______________________________________ 1345-1 20 centsR ich m on d , V a . _____________________________________ 1345-19 20 cents

R o c k fo r d , 111. _______________________________________ 1303-69 30 centsSt. L o u is , M o . —111. ________________________________ 1345-17 25 centsSalt Lake City , Utah _______________________________ 1345-25 25 centsSan Anton io , T ex . __________________________________ 1303-63 25 centsSan B ern ard in o—R iv e r s id e —O ntario , C alif . _____ 1345-9 20 centsSan D ie g o , C alif . ___________________________________ 1345-10 25 centsSan F r a n c i s c o —Oakland, Calif . __________________ 1345-34 25 centsSavannah, Ga. ______________________________________ 1303-80 25 centsScran ton , Pa . ______________________________________ 1345-5 15 centsSeattle , Wash. ______________________________________ 1345-4 25 cents

Sioux F a l l s , S. Dak. ______________________________ 1345-13 20 centsSouth Bend, Ind. ___________________________________ 1345-52 20 centsSpokane, Wash. ____________________________________ 1303-73 20 centsT o le d o , Ohio ------------------------------------------------------------ 1345-51 25 centsT ren ton , N. J. ______________________________________ 1345-29 25 centsW ashington, D . C . —M d .—Va. ______________________ 1345-16 25 cen tsW a terb u ry , Conn. _______________________________ .__ 1345-49 20 centsW a te r lo o , Iowa _____________________________________ 1345-20 25 centsW ich ita , Kans. _____________________________________ 1345-1 1 25 centsW o r c e s t e r , M a ss . _________________________________ 1303-82 25 centsY o r k , P a . ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1345-41 20 cents


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