bls_1176_1955.pdf

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1,1954

Bulletin No. 1176UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Aryness Joy Wickens, Acting Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Union W ages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1, 1954

Bulletin No. 1176March 1955

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Aryness Joy Wickens, Acting Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 cents


CONTENTS

Page

Scope and method of study_________________________________________________ 1Trend of union scales, 1907-54 ____________________________________________ 1Scale increases, 1953-54 ___________________________ _____________Rate variations by type of work __________________________________City and regional variations _____________________________________Standard workweek______________________________________________Insurance and pension plans _______________ _ ____________________Union scales by city and trade ____________________________________

APPENDIX:Intercity differences in union scales in the

printing trades ------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLES:

1. Indexes of union hourly wage scales in the printing trades,1907-54 ___ _____________________________________________________ 5

2. Indexes of union hourly wage scales in each printing trade,1907-54 _______________________________ _________________________ 6

3. Percent changes in union wage rates and percent of unionprinting-trades workers affected, July 1, 1953 -July 1, 1954_____________________________________________________ 8

4. Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent ofunion printing-trades workers affected, July 1, 1953 -July 1, 1954______________ 8

5. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing industry,July 1, 1954, and increases in rates, July 1, 1953 -July 1, 1954 ____________________ 9

6. Increases in union wage rates in the printing trades by city,region, and industry branch, July 1, 1953 - July 1, 1954 _______ 10

7. Distribution of union members in the printing trades by hourlywage rates and by trade, July 1, 1954 ___________________________ 11

8. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades bycity and population group, July 1, 1954 _________________________ 12

9. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades byregion, and by trade, July 1, 1954 _____________________________ _ 13

10. Distribution of union members in the printing trades bystraight-time weekly hours, July 1, 1954 ________________________ 13

11. Indexes of union weekly hours in the printing trades, 1907-54 _____ 14

12. Indexes of union weekly hours in each printing trade, 1907-54 _____ 15

13. Union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades in53 cities, July 1, 1953 - July 1, 1954 ___________________________ 17

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IUnion W a g e s and Hours in the Printing Industry, July 1, 1954

S u m m ary

Wage s c a le s o f union p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s in c i t ie s o f 100,000 o r m o r e p op u la tion a d va n ced 7 .6 ce n ts an h o u r , on the a v e r a g e , in the y e a r ending Ju ly 1, 1954, a c c o r d in g to the U. S.D ep a rtm en t o f L a b o r 1 s B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta t is t i c s annual su rv e y o f u n ion s c a le s in the p r in t ing in d u stry . S c a le s in b o o k and jo b sh op s r o s e an a v e r a g e o f 7 .2 ce n ts an h ou r w h ile th o se in n ew sp a p e r p la n ts m o v e d up 8 .4 ce n ts . T h e in c r e a s e s r e p re s e n te d ga in s o f 2 .9 p e r c e n t fo r e a ch in d u stry b ra n ch .

A s a r e su lt o f th ese in c r e a s e s in ra te s du rin g the 12 -m on th p e r io d , u n ion h o u r ly s c a le s on Ju ly 1, 1954, a v e ra g e d $ 2 .6 7 fo r a ll p r in tin g tr a d e s stu d ied ; $ 2 .5 2 in c o m m e r c ia l (book and jo b ) sh ops and $ 2 .9 5 in n e w sp a p e r p la n ts . P r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s in n ew sp a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts a v e r a g e d $ 2 .8 4 an h ou r on the day sh ift and $ 3. 06 on the n ight sh ift .

A m on g the im p orta n t jo b s co m m o n to both c o m m e r c ia l and n ew sp a p er p r in tin g , no c o n s is t ent p a ttern o f ra te d if fe r e n c e s w as d is c e r n ib le . D ay w ork s c a le s fo r p h o to e n g r a v e rs and s t e r e o ty p e r s w e re ty p ic a lly h ig h e r in b o o k and jo b p r in tin g sh op s , a v e ra g in g about 21 ce n ts a b o v e th o se in n e w sp a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts . S c a le s fo r hand c o m p o s it o r s , h o w e v e r , a v e r a g e d 9 ce n ts h ig h e r on n ew sp a p er w o rk .

In te r m s o f w o r k e r s a ffe c te d , a p p ro x im a te ly fo u r - f i f t h s o f the u n io n ize d p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s in clu d e d in the study had th e ir w age s c a le in c r e a s e d a s the r e su lt o f la b o r -m a n a g e m en t co n tra c t n e g o tia tio n s e f fe c t iv e du rin g the y e a r ending July 1, 1954. N e g o tia te d r a is e sv a ry in g f r o m 5 to 10 ce n ts an h our w e re r e c o r d e d f o r a th ird o f the p r in tin g tr a d e s m e n and fr o m 10 to 15 ce n ts fo r a s lig h tly s m a lle r p r o p o r t io n .

T he stan dard w ork w eek a v e r a g e d 37.1 h o u rs on Ju ly 1, 1954, the sa m e a s in ea ch o f the th ree p r e v io u s annual s tu d ie s . T h e m o s t co m m o n s tra ig h t -t im e w o rk sch ed u le (3 7 .5 h o u r s ) w as stipu la ted in c o n tra c ts a p p lica b le to s lig h tly o v e r h a lf o f the union w o r k e r s in the p r in tin g t r a d e s . A w o rk w e e k o f 35 h o u rs o r le s s p r e v a ile d fo r about a tenth o f the w o r k e r s .

N eg otia ted h ealth and in su ra n ce p la n s c o v e r e d about th r e e - f i f th s o f the su rv e y e d w o r k e r s . P e n s io n p la n s d e v e lo p e d th rou gh c o l le c t iv e b a r gain in g w e re fou nd to c o v e r about a s ix th o f the w o r k e r s .

1 P r e p a r e d by John F . L a c is k e y o f the B u reau *s D iv is io n o f W a ges and In d u str ia l R e la t io n s .

S cop e and M eth od o f Study 2

U nion s c a le s a r e d e fin e d a s the m in im u m w age s c a le s o r m a x im u m sc h e d u le s o f h o u rs a g r e e d u pon th rou gh c o l le c t iv e b a rg a in in g b e tw een tra d e u n ion s and e m p lo y e r s . R a te s in e x c e s s o f the n e g o t ia te d m in im u m , w h ich m ay b e p a id fo r s p e c ia l q u a lific a t io n s o r o th e r r e a so n s , a r e not in c lu d e d .

T h e in fo rm a t io n p r e s e n te d in th is r e p o r t w a s b a se d on u n ion s c a le s in e f fe c t on Ju ly 1, 1954, and c o v e r e d a p p ro x im a te ly 125, 000 p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s i n 53 c i t ie s w ith p op u la tion s o f 100, 000 o r m o r e . D ata w e r e ob ta in ed p r i m a r i ly f r o m lo c a l un ion o f f i c ia l s by m a il q u e s t io n n a ire ; in so m e in s ta n ce s , B u rea u r e p r e se n ta tiv e s v is it e d lo c a l un ion o f f i c ia l s to ob ta in the d e s ir e d in fo rm a t io n .

T h e c u r re n t su rv e y w a s d e s ig n e d to r e f le c t un ion w age s c a le s in the p r in tin g t r a d e s in a ll c i t ie s o f 100, 000 o r m o r e p op u la tion . A l l c i t ie s w ith a h a lf m i ll io n o r m o r e p op u la tion w e r e in c lu d e d , a s w e re m o s t c it ie s in the p op u la tion grou p o f 250, 000 to 500 , 000. T he c i t ie s in the 100, 000 to 250, 000 g rou p s e le c t e d f o r study w e re lo c a te d th rou gh ou t the U n ited S ta tes . T he data f o r so m e o f the c i t ie s in clu d e d in the study w e re w e igh ted in o r d e r to co m p e n sa te f o r the o th e r c i t ie s w h ich w e re n ot s u rv e y e d . In o r d e r to p r o v id e a p p ro p r ia te re p re s e n ta t io n in the co m b in a tio n o f data , e a ch g e o g ra p h ic r e g io n and p op u la tion grou p w as c o n s id e r e d se p a ra te ly w hen c ity w eigh ts w e r e a s s ig n e d .

A v e ra g e h o u r ly s c a le s , d e s ig n e d to show c u r re n t le v e ls , a r e b a s e d on a l l s c a le s r e p o r te d in e f fe c t on Ju ly 1, 1954. In d iv idu al s c a le s a r e w e igh ted by the n u m b er o f un ion m e m b e r s r e c e iv in g e a ch r a te . T h e se a v e r a g e s a r e not d e s ign ed f o r p r e c i s e y e a r - t o - y e a r c o m p a r is o n s b e c a u s e o f f lu ctu a tio n s in m e m b e r sh ip and in jo b c la s s i f i c a t io n s stu d ied . A v e ra g e c e n t s -p e r - h our and p e r c e n t ch a n g e s f r o m Ju ly 1, 1953, to Ju ly 1, 1954, a r e b a se d on c o m p a ra b le q u ota tio n s fo r the v a r io u s o c cu p a t io n a l c la s s i f i c a t io n s in both p e r io d s w e ig h ted by the m e m b e r sh ip r e p o r te d fo r the c u r re n t (1954) su rv e y . T h e in d ex s e r ie s , d e s ig n e d f o r tre n d p u r p o s e s , is s im ila r ly c o n s tr u c te d .

T re n d o f U nion S c a le s , 19 07 -54

T he m o v e m e n t o f w age r a te s in the p r in t ing tra d e s in b o o k and jo b sh op s and in n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts s in c e 1907 and f o r the

2 C e rta in ch a n g e s in the s c o p e and m eth od o f con d u ctin g th is s e r ie s o f annual su rv e y s w e re m ade in 1953. S ee U nion W ages and H ou rs ; P r in t in g In d u stry , Ju ly 1, 1953, B L S B u lle t in 1155.

( i )Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2in d u stry a s a w h ole s in ce 1911 a r e r e f le c t e d in the B u reau *s in d e x e s . T h e se in d e x e s show that w age s c a le s in the p r in tin g tr a d e s have r is e n s te a d ily e x ce p t f o r the d e p r e s s io n y e a r s o f 1932 and 1933. T h e in c r e a s e d u rin g the 4 8 -y e a r in te r v a l s in ce 1907 h as b e e n at an a v e r a g e annual ra te o f 4 . 7 p e r c e n t f o r b o o k and jo b p rin tin g and4 . 1 f o r n e w sp a p e r p r in tin g . D ata f o r the tw o g ro u p s co m b in e d c o v e r in g the 4 4 -y e a r p e r io d s in c e 1911 show an annual ra te o f in c r e a s e o f4 .4 p e r c e n t .

W age s c a le in c r e a s e s fo r the in d u stry have v a r ie d w id e ly in d if fe r e n t p e r io d s . I n c r e a s e s , m o d e ra te p r io r to W o r ld W ar I, r o s e sh a rp ly d u rin g and im m e d ia te ly a fte r the w a r . T he le v e l o f w a g e s in 1921 w a s m o r e than d ou b le that o f 1911. A fu r th e r stead y u pw ard m o v e m en t in r a te s o c c u r r e d in the 1920*s . A ft e r a m o d e ra te d e c lin e in 1932 and a sh arp d e c r e a s e in 1933, r a te s a g a in re s u m e d th e ir u pw ard c o u r s e . D e c lin e s in r a te s e x p e r ie n c e d du rin g the d e p r e s s io n y e a r s w e re fu lly o f fs e t by M ay 1936. B y 1941, the le v e l o f r a te s w a s about 12 p e r c e n t a b o v e the p r e d e p r e s s io n y e a r o f 1931. T h e in d ex a d va n ced 30 p e r c e n t du rin g the W o r ld W ar II y e a r s o f 1 9 4 1 -4 6 . S ca le in c r e a s e s in the p o s tw a r y e a r s (1 9 4 6 -5 4 ) r e s u lte d in a fu r th e r r is e a g g re g a tin g 70 p e r c e n t .

On the w h ole the h is t o r ic a l p a ttern o f w age m o v e m e n ts w a s g e n e r a lly s im ila r in b o o k and jo b sh op s and in n e w sp a p e r p la n ts . T he ra te o f a d v a n ce , h o w e v e r , w as u su a lly s lig h tly g re a te r fo r b o o k and jo b sh op s than f o r n e w sp a p e r e s ta b li shm ent s .

S ca le I n c r e a s e s , 19 53 -54

L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tra c ts in the p r in t ing tr a d e s a r e ty p ic a l ly n egotia ted f o r 1 o r 2 y e a rs* d u ra tion . S o m e , h o w e v e r , c o v e r a lo n g e r p e r io d . C o n tr a c ts o f m o r e than ly e a r * s d u ra tio n fr e q u e n tly p r o v id e d fo r w age r e o p e n in g s o r f o r s p e c if ie d in te r im o r d e fe r r e d w age in c r e a s e s . S om e c o n t r a c t s con ta in ed e s c a la to r c la u s e s lin k in g ra te ch a n g es to the m o v e m e n t o f the B L S C o n su m e r P r i c e In dex . A s a ru le , h o w e v e r , ra te r e v is io n s in the p r in tin g tr a d e s b e tw e e n Ju ly 1, 1953, and Ju ly 1, 1954, w e re p r im a r i ly the r e su lt o f n e g o t ia t io n s on c o n tra c t e x p ir a t io n s o r re o p e n in g s .

T he ad va n ce in te r m s o f c e n t s -p e r -h o u r r e p r e s e n te d ga in s a v e ra g in g 8 .4 ce n ts in n e w s p a p e r p la n ts and 7 .2 ce n ts in b o o k and jo b sh o p s . T h e a v e ra g e in c r e a s e in n e w sp a p e r p la n ts w as g re a te r f o r n igh tw ork than f o r d a y w o rk 8 .6 c o m p a re d w ith 8 .3 ce n ts (tab le 5 ).

A m on g the in d iv id u a l t r a d e s , the a v e ra g e h o u r ly a d v a n ce du rin g the y e a r w as su bsta n t ia lly u n ifo r m in both c o m m e r c ia l and n e w sp a p e r p r in tin g . A v e r a g e a d v a n ce s v a r ie d fr o m6. 3 to 8. 8 c e n ts fo r 10 o f the 12 tr a d e s stud ied in c o m m e r c ia l sh op s ; the o th e r 2 t r a d e s , b in d

e r y w o m e n and p h o to e n g r a v e rs , r e c o r d e d in c r e a s e s o f 5 .8 and 1 1 .3 ce n ts , r e s p e c t iv e ly . In n e w sp a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts , p r e s s m e n - in - ch a rg e sh ow ed the g re a te s t ga in w ith an a v e r ag e a d v a n ce o f 1 0 .3 c e n ts an h o u r . O th er c r a ft s in th is b ra n ch o f the in d u stry r e c o r d e d in c r e a s e s ran g in g f r o m 7 .6 to 9 .8 c e n t s . E x ce p t fo r p r e s s m e n , s c a le s fo r n ig h t-s h ift w o r k e r s in c r e a s e d s lig h tly m o r e than f o r d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s .

P e r c e n ta g e w is e , the in c r e a s e s d u rin g the 12 m on th s ending Ju ly 1, 1954, w e r e fa i r ly u n ifo r m am on g in d iv id u a l c r a ft s in both c o m m e r c ia l and n e w sp a p e r p r in tin g . In b o o k and jo b sh op s , the a v e r a g e r is e in r a te s ra n ged fr o m2 .4 to 3. 6 p e r c e n t fo r a l l c r a f t s e x ce p t m a ile r s and b in d e ry w o m e n . T h e se tw o lo w e r p a id c r a ft s a d v a n ce d th e ir s c a le s 4 . 0 and 4 . 2 p e r ce n t , r e s p e c t iv e ly . A m on g the in d iv id u a l t r a d e s in n e w sp a p e r p la n ts , a v e r a g e a d v a n ce s ra n ged f r o m 2. 5 p e r c e n t f o r p h o to e n g r a v e rs to 3 .4 p e r cen t f o r m a ile r s and s t e r e o t y p e r s .

On a r e g io n a l b a s is , the c e n t s -p e r -h o u r in c r e a s e s in s c a le s v a r ie d by type o f p r in tin g . In b o o k and jo b sh o p s , the ran ge w a s f r o m 3 .9 ce n ts in the Sou th east to 12. 1 c e n ts in the M ountain S ta tes , w h e r e a s in n e w sp a p e r p r in t in g , the g re a te s t ga in (1 2 .9 ce n ts ) w a s in the M id d le W est and the s m a lle s t (4 .5 ) , in N ew E n glan d (table 6 ).

In t e r m s o f n u m b er o f w o r k e r s in v o lv e d , th r e e - fo u r th s o f the p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s in b o o k and jo b sh op s and about s e v e n -e ig h th s o f th o se in n e w sp a p e r p la n ts had th e ir un ion w age s c a le s a d ju ste d u pw a rd b e tw een Ju ly 1, 1953, and Ju ly 1, 1954. W o r k e r s a f fe c te d b y s c a le ch a n g es du rin g the y e a r , ty p ic a l ly had a d ju s t m en ts ran gin g b etw een 5 and 15 ce n ts an h ou r (table 4 ) . I n c r e a s e s w ith in th is ran ge w e re a p p lica b le to s ix -te n th s o f the p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s . O f e a ch 100 p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s a f fe c te d by s c a le ch a n g es in b o o k and jo b sh o p s , 11 had a d v a n ce s o f l e s s than 5 c e n ts an h o u r , 44 o f 5 to 10 c e n ts , and 35 o f 10 to 15 c e n ts . In n ew sp a p er e s ta b lis h m e n ts , the c o m p a ra b le p r o p o r t io n s w e r e 10, 42 , and 38.

U pw ard a d ju stm e n ts du rin g the y e a r r e p re se n te d ga in s o f 2 to 4 p e r c e n t f o r about th r e e - e igh th s o f the w o r k e r s in b o o k and jo b sh op s a ffe c te d by s c a le ch a n g e s , o f 4 to 6 p e r c e n t fo r an oth er th r e e -e ig h th s and o f 6 p e r c e n t o r m o r e f o r a f ifth . A m on g the p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s c a le in c r e a s e s in n e w sp a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts , s lig h tly o v e r h a lf r e c o r d e d g a in s o f 2 to 4 p e r c e n t and t h r e e - t e n t h s fr o m 4 to 6 p e r ce n t . T he gain w as l e s s than 2 p e r c e n t fo r a lm o s t a tenth o f the w o r k e r s ; f o r a s im ila r p r o p o r t io n , it w a s 6 p e r c e n t o r m o r e (tab le 3).


3R ate V a r ia t io n s by T y p e o f W ork

T h e c o m p o s it io n o f the w o rk f o r c e in e a ch type o f p r in tin g e s ta b lish m e n t d i f fe r s m a t e r i a lly b e c a u s e o f the v a r ia t io n s in w o rk p e r fo r m e d in ea ch type o f sh op . B o o k and jo b ( c o m m e r c ia l ) sh op s p r o d u c e m any and v a r ie d it e m s , o fte n in la r g e q u an tities , w h e re a s n e w s p a p e r p la n ts a r e g e a r e d to the p r o d u c t io n o f a s in g le r e c u r r in g ite m . B in d e ry w o m e n and p r e s s a s s is ta n ts and fe e d e r s , w ho ty p ic a l ly p e r fo r m le s s s k ille d rou tin e o p e r a t io n s , c o m p r is e a su bsta n tia l p r o p o r t io n o f the w o rk f o r c e in c o m m e r c ia l sh op s ; in n ew sp a p er p r in tin g , h o w e v e r , g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n s o f jo u r n e y m e n a r e r e q u ir e d to m e e t d a ily d em a n d s . T h e se d i f fe r e n c e s in w o rk f o r c e re q u ire m e n ts a r e r e f le c te d in the a v e ra g e r a te s f o r c o m m e r c ia l and n e w sp a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich take into a c co u n t the n u m ber o f p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d at v a r io u s r a te s o f p a y .

U nion h o u r ly s c a le s o f p r in tin g - tr a d e s w o r k e r s on Ju ly 1, 1954, a v e r a g e d $ 2 .5 2 inb o o k and jo b sh op s , a s c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 .9 5 in n e w sp a p e r p la n ts . D a y -s h ift w o r k e r s on n e w s p a p e rs a v e r a g e d $2. 84, and n ig h t-s h ift w o rk e r s, $ 3 .0 6 (tab le 7 ). T he a v e r a g e d a yw ork s c a le on n e w sp a p e r w o rk w as 12 l/z p e r c e n t a b o v e that o f c o m m e r c ia l sh op s and 7 p e r c e n t b e lo w the a v e r a g e f o r n igh tw ork on n e w s p a p e r s . T he n u m ber o f w o r k e r s n o rm a lly e m p lo y e d on n ig h t-s h ift w o rk in b o o k and jo b sh op s w as too sm a ll to y ie ld s ig n ifica n t r e s u lt s ; th e r e fo r e , th is g rou p w as ex clu d e d f r o m the study.

W age r a te s d if fe r e d w id e ly in la b o r -m a n a g em en t c o n tra c ts c o v e r in g p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s o f v a ry in g s k ills in c i t ie s w ith p o p u la t io n s o f 100, 000 o r m o r e . F o r a l l t r a d e s c o m b in ed in b o o k and jo b sh op s , the ran ge w as fr o m $ 1 fo r b in d e ry w om en in J a c k s o n v ille , F l a . , to $ 3 .8 6 fo r p h o to e n g r a v e rs in N ew ark ,N . J . A g r e e m e n ts p ro v id in g ra te s o f $ 2 .5 0 to $3 an h ou r w e r e a p p lica b le to s lig h tly o v e r tw o - fifth s o f the c o m m e r c ia l p r in t shop w o r k e r s . H ou rly r a te s o f l e s s than $ 2 w e re r e p o r te d fo r a n oth er fifth and a lm o s t a s m any had ra te s o f $ 3 o r m o r e . A l l s c a le s fo r b in d e ry w om en w e re b e lo w $ 1. 80 an h ou r ; tw o -th ir d s o f th ese w o r k e r s had s c a le s be tw een $ 1 .3 0 and $ 1 .5 0 an h o u r . P h o to e n g r a v e rs , on the o th e r hand, had u nion r a te s o f at le a s t $ 2 .5 0 an h ou r and fo r about 2 o f e v e r y 5, the c o n tra c t s c a le e x ce e d e d $ 3. 50 an h o u r .

In n e w sp a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts , h o u r ly s c a le s v a r ie d fr o m $ 1 .8 2 7 2 f o r m a ile r s on d a y -s h ift w o rk in N ew O rle a n s to $ 4 .0 9 7 2 fo r c o m p o s i t o r s settin g H e b r e w -A m e r ic a n tex t on the n ight sh ift in N ew Y o rk C ity . S c a le s o f $ 2 .5 0 to $ 3 an h ou r p r e v a ile d fo r 72 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s on the day sh ift and fo r 40 p e r ce n t o f th ose on the night sh ift . N eg otia ted s c a le s o f $3 o r m o r e a f fe c te d 22 p e r c e n t o f the d a y w o rk e r s and 58 p e r c e n t o f the n ig h tw o rk e rs . R a te s o f l e s s than

$ 2 . 50 an h ou r w e r e r e p o r te d fo r about a fou rth o f the m a ile r s and fo r le s s than 1 p e r ce n t o f the w o r k e r s in 5 o th e r p rin tin g t r a d e s . A l l o f the p h o to e n g r a v e rs and p r e s s m e n - in -c h a r g e had s c a le s o f at le a s t $ 2 . 50 an h o u r .

A m o n g in d iv id u a l t r a d e s , h o u r ly s c a le s a v e r a g e d lo w e s t ($ 1 .4 5 ) f o r b in d e ry w om en and h igh est ($ 3. 30) fo r p h o to e n g r a v e rs in b o o k and jo b sh op s and fr o m $ 2 .6 4 fo r m a ile r s to $ 3 .2 3 fo r p h o to e n g r a v e rs and p r e s s m e n - in ch a rg e in n e w sp a p e r p rin tin g e s ta b lis h m e n ts .

N igh tw ork s c a le s on n e w s p a p e rs a v e r a g e d 22 c e n ts an h ou r a b o v e d a yw ork s c a le s $ 3 .0 6 a s c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 .8 4 . B y tra d e , the d i f f e r en tia l fa v o r in g n ig h tw o rk e rs am ou n ted to 16 ce n ts fo r m a ch in e te n d e r s (m a ch in is ts ) , 18 ce n ts fo r hand c o m p o s it o r s and fo r m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , and fr o m 24 to 31 ce n ts fo r the o th er t r a d e s .

C ity and R e g io n a l V a r ia t io n s

U pw ard a d ju stm e n ts du ring the 12 m on th s ending July 1, 1954, a f fe c te d so m e p r in t in g -tr a d e s w o r k e r s in ea ch o f the s u rv e y e d c i t ie s . T he a v e r a g e h o u r ly in c r e a s e in h a lf o f the c it ie s v a r ie d fr o m 5 to 10 ce n ts in b o o k and jo b p r in t sh op s , and fr o m 6 to 12 ce n ts in n e w sp a p e r e s ta b lish m e n ts (table 6 ).

N eg otia ted s c a le s o f in d iv id u a l t r a d e s v a ry am on g c i t ie s and r e g io n s . T h e c ity and re g io n a l a v e r a g e s p r e s e n te d in ta b le s 8 and 9 a r e d e s ign ed to show c u r re n t le v e ls o f ra te s and do not m e a su re d i f fe r e n c e s in u n ion s c a le s am on g a r e a s . T he c ity and re g io n a l a v e r a g e s a r e in flu e n ce d not on ly by in te r c ity ra te d i f fe r e n c e s , but a ls o by d i f fe r e n c e s in the p r o p o r t io n o f o r g a n ized w o r k e r s in the v a r io u s c r a f t s . T o i l lu s tr a te : ( l ) A p a r t ic u la r c r a ft m ay not beo r g a n iz e d in so m e a r e a s o r m ay be o r g a n iz e d le s s in te n s iv e ly in so m e a r e a s than in o th e r s ; and (2) c e r ta in ty p e s o f w o rk a re found in so m e a r e a s but n o t in o th e r s , o r a re found to a g r e a te r extent in so m e a r e a s than in o th e r s . Such d i f fe r e n c e s a r e r e f le c t e d in the w eigh tin g o f in d iv idual r a te s by the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d w ith the re su lt that a lth ough ra te s fo r the in d iv idu al c r a ft s in tw o a r e a s m a y be id e n t ica l, the a v e ra g e r a te s fo r the r e s p e c t iv e a r e a s m ay d i f fe r . 3

T he c it ie s in clu d e d in the study a re g ro u p e d a c c o r d in g to p op u la tion s iz e in ta b le 8. T he a v e ra g e u nion h o u r ly w age ra te f o r b ook and jo b p rin tin g in the grou p o f c i t ie s w ith 100, 000 to 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 p op u la tion w as $ 2 .3 2 , and fo r the la r g e s t s iz e g rou p ( l , 000, 000 and o v e r ) , it w as

3 A ta bu la tion d e s ig n e d e s p e c ia l ly to m e a s u re d if fe r e n c e s in s c a le s am on g c i t ie s a p p e a rs a s an ap pen d ix to th is r e p o r t .


4$ 2 .6 6 . In n e w sp a p e r p r in tin g , the c o m p a ra b le a v e r a g e s w e re $2 .74 and $3 . 11. The d if fe r e n c e in a v e r a g e r a te s b e tw een s iz e g ro u p s 11(500,000 to 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ) and III (2 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ) w as sligh t fo r c o m m e r c ia l sh op s and v ir tu a lly n on e x is te n t fo r n e w s p a p e r s . In both ty p e s o f p r in tin g the a v e r a g e fo r the s m a lle s t s iz e grou p w as lo w e r , and fo r the la r g e s t s iz e g rou p h ig h e r , than the tw o in te rm e d ia te g ro u p s . T h e re w as som e o v e r la p p in g o f a v e ra g e s c a le s a m on g c i t ie s in the d if fe r e n t s iz e g ro u p in g s . F o r e x a m p le , in both n e w sp a p e r and c o m m e r c ia l p r in tin g , the a v e r a g e s c a le fo r Seattle (250, 000 to 500, 000 g ro u p ) w as h ig h e r than the a v e r a g e fo r a ll o f the c i t ie s in the n ext la r g e s t s iz e g rou p .

R e g io n a lly , a v e r a g e un ion h o u r ly s c a le s fo r a l l p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s co m b in e d in c it ie s o f 100, 000 o r m o r e p op u la tion ra n g e d fr o m $ 2 .5 0 in the B o r d e r S tates to $ 2 .8 1 on the P a c i f i c C o a st (tab le 9 ). U n ion r a te s in c o m m e r c ia l p r in t sh ops a v e ra g e d h ig h e st ($ 2 .7 3 ) in the P a c i f i c r e g io n and lo w e s t ($ 2 .2 1 ) in the B o r d e r S ta tes . In n e w s p a p e r s , the le v e ls ran ged fr o m $ 2 .6 8 in the Sou th east to $ 3 .0 2 in the M id d le A tla n tic and G rea t L a k e s r e g io n s .

Standard W ork w eek

C h an ges in the b a s ic w o rk w e e k betw een Ju ly 1, 1953, and Ju ly 1, 1954, a f fe c te d v e ry few union p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s . T h e ch a n g es that o c c u r r e d had no e f fe c t on the a v e r a g e w o r k w eek w h ich re m a in e d at 37. 1 h o u rs fo r a ll p r in tin g t r a d e s ; 37. 3 fo r b o o k and jo b ; and 36. 8 fo r n e w s p a p e r s . Standard w eek ly sch e d u le s in n ew sp a p e r p lants a v e r a g e d 3 7 .2 fo r d a yw ork and 3 6 .4 fo r n igh tw ork (table 10).

A stan dard w o rk w e e k o f 3 1 l/z h o u rs w as s p e c if ie d in la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tra c ts a p p l ic a b le to a m a jo r ity o f the p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s in both c o m m e r c ia l and n e w sp a p e r p la n ts . A 36V 4-h ou r w o rk w e e k p r e v a ile d fo r th r e e -te n th s o f the c o m m e r c ia l shop w o r k e r s and f o r a fifth o f th o se in n e w sp a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts . S h o rte r w e e k ly w o rk s c h e d u le s w e re m o r e c o m m o n in n e w sp a p e r p lan ts than in book and jo b sh op s . A b ou t 17 p e r c e n t o f the n ew sp a p e r p rin tin g tr a d e s m e n had n eg o tia te d w o rk sch e d u le s o f 35 h o u rs o r l e s s as c o m p a re d w ith 6 p e r c e n t in c o m m e r c ia l s h o p s . C o n v e r s e ly , stan dard w o r k w e e k s o f m o r e than 37 l/z h o u rs w e re m o r e p re v a le n t in b ook and jo b sh op s w h ere such s c h e d u le s w e re a p p lica b le to 13 p e r ce n t o f the w o r k e r s a s c o m p a r e d w ith 4 p e r ce n t in n e w s p a p e r p la n ts .

S h o rte r w o rk s ch e d u le s fo r n ig h tw o rk e rs than fo r d a y w o rk e r s w e re u su a lly s p e c if ie d in la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s ap p ly in g to n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts . S ch e d u le s o f 3 6 Vi h o u rs p r e v a ile d fo r 25 p e r c e n t o f the n ig h t-s h ift w o r k e r s a s a g a in st 16 p e r c e n t o f th o se on the

day sh ift; w o rk w e e k s o f 35 h o u rs o r le s s a p p lie d to 28 p e r c e n t and 6 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t iv e ly , o f w o r k e r s on the night and day sh ifts .

In su ra n ce and P e n s io n P la n s

In ad d ition to u n ion s c a le s o f w a g e s and h o u rs , and fo r the f i r s t t im e in th is s e r ie s o f annual s u r v e y s , data w e r e c o l le c t e d on the p r e v a le n ce o f h ea lth , in su ra n ce , and p e n s io n p la n s in the p rin tin g in d u stry . The data w e re r e s t r ic te d to th o se p la n s fin a n ce d e n t ir e ly by the e m p lo y e r o r jo in t ly by the w o r k e r s and e m p lo y e r s . W o r k e r - f in a n c e d p la n s , su ch a s th o se p a id fo r th rou gh union d u es o r a s s e s s m e n t s , w e re e x c lu d e d fr o m the study. N o a ttem pt w as m ade to s e c u re in fo rm a t io n on the k in d and e x tent o f b e n e fits p r o v id e d o r on the c o s t o f su ch b e n e fits .

N eg otia ted h ea lth , in su r a n ce , and p e n s io n p r o g r a m s have in c r e a s e d in n u m b er in the p r in tin g in d u stry in r e ce n t y e a r s . T h e d e v e lo p m en t o f p la n s on a w id e sp re a d b a s is h as p e rh a p s not b e e n a s ra p id a s in som e o th er in d u s tr ie s . A n u m b er o f the p r in t in g -t r a d e s u n ion s , f o r m any y e a r s , have o p e r a te d th e ir ow n union b e n e fit p r o g r a m s p ro v id in g th e ir m e m b e r s w ith one o r m o r e ty p e s o f b e n e fits , su ch a s death , o ld -a g e , s ic k n e s s , and d is a b ility . T h is und ou bted ly h as in flu e n ce d the ra te o f d e v e lo p m e n t o f n eg o tia te d in su ra n ce and p e n s io n p r o g r a m s in the in d u stry .

T he data c o l le c t e d by the B u rea u in d ica te d that, a s o f Ju ly 1, 1954, a su b sta n tia lly g re a te r p r o p o r t io n o f o r g a n iz e d p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s w e re c o v e r e d by n e g o t ia te d h ea lth and in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s than by p e n s io n p r o g r a m s . F o r a ll w o r k e r s co m b in e d , th r e e - f i f th s w e re c o v e r e d by h ealth o r in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s . S ligh tly m o r e than a th ird o f the w o r k e r s w e re r e p o r t e d a s not be in g c o v e r e d by a n e g o tia te d p lan ; in fo rm a tio n a s to the e x is te n c e o r n o n e x is te n ce o f such p la n s w as not a v a ila b le fo r about 4 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s . A m on g the w o r k e r s p r o v id e d h ealth and in su ra n ce p r o te c t io n , 90 p e r c e n t w e re c o v e r e d by p la n s fin a n ce d e n t ir e ly by e m p lo y e r s ; the re m a in in g 10 p e r ce n t , to g e th e r w ith th e ir e m p lo y e r s , c o n tr ib u te d to the c o s t o f the p r o g r a m s .

H ealth and in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s w e re m o r e p re v a le n t in b o o k and jo b sh ops than in n e w s p a p er e s ta b lis h m e n ts 66 p e r c e n t a s c o m p a re d w ith 52 p e r c e n t . F u r th e r m o r e , o f the w o r k e r s p ro v id e d h ea lth and in su ra n ce p r o te c t io n , e m p lo y e r -f in a n c e d p la n s p r e v a ile d fo r 95 p e r c e n t o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r s in b o o k and jo b sh ops and 80 p e r c e n t o f th o se in n e w sp a p e r p la n ts .

P e n s io n p lan p r o v is io n s w e re in c o r p o r a te d into la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c ts a p p lic a b le to a sixth o f the p rin tin g tr a d e s m e n in clu d e d in the


5study. E m p lo y e r - f in a n c e d p la n s (n o n co n tr ib u - t o r y ) p r e v a ile d f o r tw o -th ir d s o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r s and e m p lo y e r -w o r k e r jo in t ly fin a n ce d p la n s fo r a th ird .

P e n s io n p la n s w e re in e f fe c t f o r a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f the p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s in n ew sp a p e r p la n ts than in b ook and jo b sh o p s . T he r e s p e c t iv e p r o p o r t io n s w e re 27 and 13 p e r ce n t. E m p lo y e r - f in a n c e d p la n s p r e v a ile d f o r

fo u r - f i f t h s o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r s in n e w sp a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts and fo r s lig h tly o v e r h a lf o f th o se c o v e r e d in c o m m e r c ia l p r in t sh o p s .

U nion S c a le s by C ity and T ra d e

U nion s c a le s o f w a g e s and h o u rs in e f fe c t on Ju ly 1, 1953, and Ju ly 1, 1954, f o r ea ch o f the in d iv id u a l tr a d e s in e a ch o f the 53 c it ie s in clu d ed in the study, a r e show n in ta b le 13.

TABLE 1 . Indexes1 of union hourly wage sca les in the printing trades, 1907-54

/Jan . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949 = 100/

Year Printing-----Boole------

andjob

Newspaper Year PrintingB ookandjob

N ewspaper

1907: May 1 5 -------------------------- 0 15 .0 19 .4 1932: May 1 5 ------------------------ 50 .5 50. 6 50.01908: May 1 5 -------------------------- o 16 .6 2 0 .4 1933: May 1 5 ------------------------ 47 .5 4 7 .8 46. 81909: May 1 5 -------------------------- 0 17 .8 21 .3 1934: May 1 5 ------------------------ 48 .5 49. 1 4 7 .41910: M ay 1 5 -------------------------- (1 2) 18 .8 22 .0 1935: May 1 5 ------------------------ 50.3 50.2 50. 31911: May 1 5 ----------- --------------- 19.9 19.3 2 2 .4 1936: May 1 5 ------------------------ 51 .5 51 .6 51.0

1912: May 1 5 -------------------------- 20. 3 19 .6 2 2 .8 1937: May 1 5 ------------------------ 53.2 53.3 52.91913: M ay 1 5 -------------------------- 20. 7 20 .0 23 .2 1938: June 1 ------------ ------------- 54.9 55.1 54.31914: May 1 5 -------------------------- 21 .0 2 0 .4 23. 5 1939: June 1 ------------------------- 55 .4 55. 5 55.01915: May 1 5 -------------------------- 21 .2 20. 5 23. 6 1940: June 1 ------------------------- 56.2 56 .0 56.21916: May 1 5 -------------------------- 21 .4 2 0 .8 23. 7 1941: June 1 ------------------------- 56. 8 56. 6 56.9

1917: M ay 1 5 --------------------- ----- 22. 1 21. 5 24 .3 1942: July 1 ------------------------- 59.3 59.1 59 .41918: May 1 5 -------------------------- 24. 0 23 .9 25 .5 1943: July 1 ------------------------- 61.1 60. 7 61.91919: May 1 5 -------------------------- 29 .4 2 9 .4 30 .8 1944: July 1 ------------------------- 62 .6 62 .3 63.31920: M ay 1 5 -------------------------- 37. 7 38 .4 37. 6 1945: July 1 ------------------------- 63. 5 63.1 64.11921: May 1 5 --------------------------- 41 .3 42 .2 40 .9 1946: July 1 ------------------------- 74.3 74.2 74. 5

1922: May 15 - 4 1 .8 4 2 .4 41 .3 1948: Jan. 2 ------------------------- 94 .3 94 .3 94 .31923: May 15 - 43 .0 44. 1 4 1 .8 1949: July 1 ------------------------- 105. 7 105. 7 105. 71924: May 1 5 -------------------------- 45. 1 45 .9 44 .3 1950: July 1 ------------------------- 107.9 108.2 107.41925: May 1 5 -------------------------- 45. 8 4 6 .4 45.1 1951: July 1 ------------------------- 112 .4 112. 1 112. 71926: May 1 5 -------- ------- 4 6 .8 4 7 .4 46. 1 1952: July 1 ------------------------- 118.8 119.3 117. 6

1927: May 1 5 -------------------------- 48 .2 48. 6 47 .4 1953: July 1 ------------------------- 123.5 124.0 122.31928: May 15 - 49.1 49 .2 48. 6 1954: July 1 ------------------------- 127. 1 127. 6 125.91929: May 1 5 -------------------------- 4 9 .8 49 .9 49. 51930: M ay 1 5 -------------------------- 50 .6 50 .8 50 .01931: May 1 5 -------------------------- 50 .8 51.1 s o .

1 Index ser ies designed fo r trend purposes; per iod ica l changes in union sca les are based on com parable quotations fo r the various occupations in consecutive p eriods weighted by num ber o f union m em bers reported each quotation in the current survey period .

2 Com bined data for years 1907-10 not available.


6BOOK AN D JOB

T A B L E 2 . I n d e x e s 1 o f u n io n h o u r ly w a g e s c a l e s in e a c h p r in t in g t r a d e , 1 9 0 7 -5 4

/J a n . 2 , 194 8 - J u ly 1 , 1 949 = 1 0 /

Y ea r B in d eryw om enB o o k

b in d ersC o m p o s i

to r s , hand

E le c t r o typ ers

M ach ineo p e r a to rs

M ach ineten ders(m a ch in

ists)M a ile rs

P h o to -en -

g ra v e rs

P r e s s a s s i s t

ants and 1 fe e d e r s

P r e s s m en ,

cy lin d e r

P r e s s m en ,

p laten

1907: M ay 1 5 ------------------- ----------------- -- 1 6 .7 1 7 .9 17. 1 2 0 .3 1 3 .0 1 8 .4 17. 31908: M ay 1 5 ........................................... - 1 8 .5 17 .9 17. 1 2 1 .0 - - - 1 4 .4 1 9 .3 17 .91909: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- - 18. 7 17 .9 1 7 .2 2 1 .8 - - - 14. 6 2 0 .9 1 8 .51910: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- - 1 8 .9 18. 7 17 .9 22 . 6 - - - 1 4 .9 2 1 .0 1 8 .81911: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 1 9 .2 19 .2 18 .9 2 2 .8 - 15. 5 2 1 .5 1 9 .2

1912: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- _ 1 9 .3 1 9 .6 1 9 .2 2 3 .4 2 2 .4 . _ 15. 8 2 1 .8 1 9 .51913: M ay 1 5 ---------------------------------------- - 1 9 .8 1 9 .9 1 9 .6 2 4 .0 2 2 .8 - - 16. 1 2 2 .1 1 9 .81914: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- - 2 0 .1 2 0 .4 2 0 .5 2 4 .2 2 2 .8 - - 1 6 .6 22 . 6 2 0 .21915: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 1 6 .8 2 0 .2 2 0 .5 2 0 .9 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 - - 16. 7 22 . 6 2 0 .21916: M ay 1 5 ....................... - 17. 1 2 0 .2 2 0 .9 21 . 5 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 2 0 .5 1 6 .9 2 2 .9 20 . 6

1917: M ay 1 5 .................................... 1 8 .3 2 1 .4 2 1 .3 2 2 .2 2 4 .9 23 . 5 . 2 2 .3 1 7 .8 2 3 .4 2 1 .71918: M ay 1 5 --------------------------- ------------ 2 0 .4 24. 1 2 3 .5 2 3 .3 2 6 .9 2 5 .8 - 23 . 6 20. 8 2 5 .9 2 3 .91919: M ay 15 - 2 6 .4 30. 8 28 . 8 26. 7 3 2 .5 3 1 .8 - 2 7 .5 2 6 .8 3 1 .4 2 9 .31920: M ay 1 5 ....................... 3 6 .5 4 0 .4 3 7 .9 3 8 .2 4 1 .3 39. 8 - 3 8 .0 3 6 .8 4 0 .8 39. 71921: M ay 15 - - 42 . 6 44. 3 4 3 .4 44. 5 46 . 8 4 6 .0 - 40 . 5 39. 8 4 5 .0 4 4 .3

1922: M ay 1 5 ............................. 4 1 .2 42. 5 4 4 .2 4 5 .4 46 . 8 45. 5 . 4 0 .9 38. 5 4 4 .0 4 3 .41923: M ay 1 5 ------ --------------------------------- 43 . 1 45. 1 4 5 .2 4 8 .2 47 . 7 4 6 .4 - 4 1 .3 4 3 .2 47 . 5 4 5 .21924: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 43 . 7 4 7 .1 4 7 .3 50. 0 49. 7 4 8 .4 - 4 4 .2 42 . 8 4 8 .9 46. 61925: M ay 1 5 ......................................... 4 4 .2 4 7 .6 4 7 .0 4 9 .8 4 9 .7 48 . 5 - 4 5 .3 4 5 .2 49 . 5 46. 81926: M ay 1 5 --------- ------------------------------ 4 3 .4 4 8 .4 4 7 .9 5 0 .3 5 0 .3 5 0 .2 - 4 8 .2 45 . 7 50. 5 4 9 .0

1927: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 4 4 .4 49 . 5 4 8 .8 5 0 .9 5 2 .3 5 0 .4 5 0 .5 4 6 .3 50. 6 49 . 51928: M ay 1 5 .......................... 44. 6 4 9 .3 49 . 5 5 1 .3 5 2 .4 50. 7 - 5 1 .9 4 6 .6 5 1 .0 48 . 61929: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 45 . 0 4 9 .8 49. 8 52. 5 5 3 .3 51 .1 - 52. 7 4 7 .0 5 1 .9 4 9 .41930: M ay 15 - - - 45 . 3 5 0 .4 5 0 .9 5 4 .0 54. 7 5 2 .0 - 5 2 .8 47 . 6 5 2 .8 5 0 .21931: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- ; 4 5 .5 5 0 .6 51 .1 5 5 .2 5 5 .0 5 2 .5 - 5 2 .9 4 7 .9 5 3 .2 5 0 .4

1932: M ay 1 5 ............................... 4 4 .4 4 8 .8 5 1 .0 55. 0 55. 0 5 2 .9 5 4 .5 45 . 8 5 1 .8 4 9 .41933: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 42 . 6 4 7 .0 4 7 .9 5 1 .5 5 1 .6 4 9 .8 - 5 3 .5 4 2 .7 48 . 6 46. 01934: M ay 15 - - - 44 . 8 4 8 .8 4 8 .4 55. 1 5 1 .7 5 1 .3 - 5 4 .3 44. 3 4 9 .9 4 7 .21935: M ay 15 - ------ 4 5 .2 4 9 .4 49. 3 56. 0 52. 5 5 1 .5 _ 5 7 .8 45 . 3 50. 6 47. 61936: M ay 15 ~ ..................... 46 . 1 50. 1 50. 8 5 6 .2 5 4 .3 53 .1 - 5 9 .2 46 . 8 52. 7 49. 5

1937: M ay 15 4 6 .8 5 1 .5 52. 7 5 6 .9 5 5 .8 54. 7 4 8 .1 5 9 .9 4 9 .2 54. 5 51. 81938: June 1 --------------------- ------------------- 49 . 1 5 3 .4 5 4 .4 5 9 .5 5 7 .4 5 6 .3 5 1 .0 6 1 .4 5 1 .8 5 6 .2 5 3 .41939: June 1 ----------------------------------------- 49 . 8 5 4 .4 54. 7 5 9 .9 57. 6 56. 5 5 1 .9 6 1 .9 52 .1 56. 6 5 3 .91940: June 1 ----------------------------------------- 5 0 .0 54. 7 55. 6 60. 1 5 8 .0 5 7 .2 53. 3 6 2 .4 5 2 .4 5 6 .9 5 4 .21941: June 1 51 .1 5 5 .5 56. 5 6 1 .3 5 8 .5 57. 6 5 3 .9 6 2 .6 53. 0 57. 4 54. 7

1942: July 1 ----------------------------------- ------ 54 .1 5 8 .4 58. 5 6 2 .4 6 1 .2 6 0 .3 56. 7 6 3 .8 56 .1 6 0 .2 5 7 .41943: July 1 ------------------------------------------ I 5 5 .8 60. 6 6 0 .2 64. 1 6 3 .0 62 .1 57. 7 64 .1 5 7 .9 6 1 .9 5 9 .21944; July 1 ---------- ------------------------------- 58. 6 6 1 .5 62. 1 65. 6 63. 5 6 3 .5 5 9 .0 6 7 .4 5 9 .2 62. 7 6 0 .21945: July 1 ------------------------------------------ 5 9 .8 6 1 .8 62. 8 6 6 .9 6 4 .2 6 4 .5 6 0 .0 6 8 .9 6 0 .0 6 3 .4 6 0 .91946: Ju ly 1 - - - - - - 7 2 .7 7 4 .0 7 3 .4 7 6 .2 7 4 .8 73. 7 72. 6 7 8 .6 72. 5 7 4 .2 7 1 .9

1948: Jan. 2 ................ 9 5 .3 9 4 .6 9 4 .2 9 3 .0 94. 1 9 4 .3 9 2 .8 9 2 .8 9 4 .8 94 . 8 94. 51949: Ju ly 1 ----------------------------------- ------ i 104. 7 1 0 5 .4 1 0 5 .8 10 7 .0 1 05 .9 1 0 5 .7 10 7 .2 1 0 7 .2 1 0 5 .2 1 0 5 .2 105. 51950: July 1 ............................................... 108 .1 10 8 .3 107. 5 110. 6 107 .1 106. 8 1 0 8 .9 110. 6 1 0 7 .8 107. 6 108. 61951: July 1 ................................................... 112. 7 11 1 .2 1 1 1 .2 1 1 4 .4 110. 6 110 .1 1 1 4 .3 1 1 4 .8 112. 5 111. 7 113. 11952: July 1 ---------- ------------------------------ 12 0 .3 1 1 9 .4 1 18 .0 1 1 9 .5 118. 1 1 1 7 .4 1 1 9 .5 12 3 .2 118. 7 1 1 8 .9 119. 5

1953: Ju ly 1 125. 7 123 .3 1 2 2 .8 123. 8 122. 6 1 2 2 .8 1 2 5 .9 1 2 8 .5 123. 8 1 2 3 .4 124. 11954: Ju ly 1 ------------------------ ----------------- 131 .0 126. 5 1 2 5 .8 127. 3 125. 5 1 2 6 .0 1 3 0 .9 133 .1 127. 6 126. 7 127. 5

S ee footn ote at end o f tab le .


N E W SP A P E R

T A B L E 2 . I n d e x e s 1 o f u n io n h o u r ly w a g e s c a l e s in e a c h p r in t in g t r a d e , 190 7 -5 4 - C o n t in u e d

/J a n . 2 , 1 948 - J u ly 1, 1949 = 1 0 0 /

Y ea rC o m p o s i

to r s ,hand

M achineo p e r a to r s

M ach ineten ders

(m a ch in is ts )

M a ile rs P h o to - en gra vers

W eb p re s s m e n

i J o u rn e y m en

M e n -in - ch a rg e

J o u rn e y m en and m e n -in - ch a rg e

com b in ed

S te r e o ty p e rs

1907: M ay 15 - - - 1 9 .8 2 0 .3 1 8 .3 2 0 .51908: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------------- 2 0 .9 2 1 .2 - - - - - 1 9 .5 2 1 .61909: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 2 2 .0 2 1 .9 - - - - - 20 . 3 2 2 .31910: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 2 3 .0 22 . 6 - - - - - 2 1 .0 22 . 81911: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 2 3 .4 22 . 7 ~ - 21 . 1 23 . 0

1912: M ay 1 5 ------------- ---------------------------------- 2 3 .9 2 3 .2 25. 1 . _ _ 2 1 .4 23 . 31913: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------------- 2 4 .3 23 . 6 2 5 .3 - - - - 2 1 .9 24 . 71914: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 24 . 6 23 . 8 2 5 .4 - - - - 2 2 .0 25 . 01915: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 24. 7 24 . 0 25. 6 - - - - 2 2 .2 25 . 01916: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 24 . 8 2 4 .2 25. 7 " 2 2 .4 - - 2 2 .3 2 5 .3

1917: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 2 5 .4 2 4 .9 2 5 .9 _ 2 3 .4 _ _ 22 . 7 2 5 .91918: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 2 6 .6 25 . 7 2 7 .2 - 2 5 .3 - - 2 4 .5 2 7 .01919: M ay 1 5 ---------- ------------- ------------------- 3 1 .9 3 1 .3 3 4 .5 - 2 9 .8 - - 3 0 .2 3 0 .41920: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 3 8 .8 38. 8 42. 6 - 3 4 .4 - - 37. 3 37. 11921: M ay 15 - - - - 42 . 3 4 1 .3 44. 5 40. 6 - - 3 9 .9 4 3 .2

1922: M ay 15 - - - 43. 3 4 2 .4 4 4 .9 . 42. 6 . 3 7 .9 42 . 61923: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 43. 7 4 2 .9 45. 0 - 4 2 .4 - - 3 8 .4 4 3 .41924: M ay 15 46. 0 4 5 .4 4 7 .5 - 4 4 .2 - - 42 . 7 44 . 71925: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 46. 3 46 . 3 4 6 .2 - 4 5 .9 - - 44 . 6 4 5 .91926: M ay 1 5 ------------------------ ----------------------- 4 7 .4 47 . 5 45. 8 - 4 9 .4 - - 44 . 6 46 . 5

1927: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 4 9 .0 4 8 .5 4 8 .4 _ 50. 1 . 4 6 .9 47 . 01928: M ay 1 5 ----------------------------------------- ------ 4 9 .9 5 0 .3 49 . 5 - 52 .1 - - 48 . 0 4 7 .01929: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- --------- 5 0 .8 50. 8 50. 6 - 5 2 .4 - - 4 8 .1 4 9 .31930: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 5 1 .3 5 1 .2 5 1 .0 - 53 .2 - - 49 . 0 49 . 61931: M ay 1 5 ------------------------------------------------ 5 1 .3 5 1 .3 51. 1 - 53. 7 - - 4 9 .2 4 9 .9

1932: M ay 15 - - - - 50. 8 5 0 .9 5 0 .8 _ 5 4 .3 . 4 9 .9 4 9 .41933: M ay 15 - ..................... - - 4 7 .4 4 7 .6 4 7 .2 - 50. 3 - - 46 . 7 46 . 61934: M ay 1 5 ---------------- ------------------------------- 4 8 .1 4 8 .2 47 . 8 - 52. 6 - - 4 6 .8 4 7 .31935: M ay 15 - - - - - 5 1 .3 5 1 .4 5 1 .0 - 55. 1 - - 4 9 .4 49 . 51936: M ay 15 ............ 5 2 .2 5 2 .3 52. 0 56. 5 - - 49 . 6 5 0 .2

1937: M ay 1 5 --------- -------------------- 5 4 .4 5 4 .5 5 4 .2 47. 1 57. 5 5 1 .2 5 1 .81938: June 1 ----- - - - - 55. 5 5 5 .8 55. 5 48. 3 60. 4 - - 52. 6 53. 61939: June 1 ------------------------------------------------- 5 5 .9 5 6 .2 55. 8 48. 7 61. 7 53. 7 5 5 .0 5 3 .8 54. 11940: June 1 ------------------------------------------------- 57. 1 5 7 .2 56. 8 5 0 .2 62. 3 5 4 .9 5 6 .2 55. 1 55. 71941: June 1 - - ------ 5 7 .8 57. 8 5 7 .5 5 2 .2 62. 6 55. 7 5 6 .9 5 5 .9 56. 6

6 0 .2 6 0 .3 6 0 .2 55. 6 6 3 .9 57. 8 5 9 .3 5 8 .0 5 9 .31943: Ju ly 1 --------------------------------------------------- 62. 8 62. 6 62. 7 58. 5 64. 7 60. 7 6 2 .0 6 0 .9 6 1 .81944: Ju ly 1 -------------------------------------------------- 6 4 .0 64. 0 64. 1 59. 3 6 6 .4 6 2 .2 63. 5 6 2 .4 63. 51945: Ju ly 1 -------------------------------------------------- 6 4 .8 64. 7 6 4 .9 60. 3 67. 8 63. 3 6 4 .4 6 3 .4 6 4 .01946: Ju ly 1 -------------------------------------------------- 74. 1 7 4 .4 74. 6 7 3 .4 77. 8 74. 7 75. 7 74. 8 7 4 .0

1948: Jan. 2 ----------------------------------- ------------- 9 5 .2 9 5 .1 9 5 .1 9 3 .4 9 4 .4 9 3 .2 93. 7 9 3 .2 9 3 .11949: July 1 --------------------------------------------------- 104. 8 10 4 .9 1 0 4 .9 106. 6 105. 6 106. 8 106 .3 106. 8 1 0 6 .91950: July 1 -------- 1 0 6 .2 106. 1 1 0 6 .0 10 8 .3 1 0 7 .4 109. 1 10 9 .3 109 .2 1 0 9 .41951: July 1 - .................. 111. 1 1 1 1 .0 110. 8 11 4 .2 111. 8 115. 0 1 1 4 .8 1 1 5 .0 114. 81952: Ju ly 1 ................ 1 1 5 .9 1 1 5 .8 115. 7 1 2 1 .3 1 1 6 .4 119. 0 1 1 8 .5 11 8 .9 120 .2

1953: July 1 -------------------------------------------------- 120 .1 12 0 .0 1 1 9 .4 126. 5 1 2 0 .8 124. 7 1 2 4 .4 124. 6 1 2 3 .51954: July 1 -------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 .4 123 .2 1 2 2 .5 130. 8 12 3 .9 128. 6 128. 5 1 2 8 .5 127. 7

1 Index s e r ie s d es ig n ed fo r tren d p u rp o se s ; p e r io d ic a l ch an ges in union s c a le s a r e b a sed on co m p a ra b le quotations f o r the v a r iou s occu p ation s in c o n se cu t iv e p e r io d s w eighted by nu m ber o f union m e m b e rs re p o r te d at each quotation in the cu rre n t su rv e y p e r io d .


8T A B L E 3 . P e r c e n t c h a n g e s in u n io n w a g e r a t e s a n d p e r c e n t o f u n io n p r in t in g t r a d e s w o r k e r s a f f e c t e d ,J u ly 1 , 1 953 - J u ly 1 , 195 4

T rad e

P e rce n t j a ffe c te d by P e rce n t o f union p rin tin g tra d es w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g in c re a s e s o f

In cre a se N ochangeU nder

2p e rce n t

2 and under 4 p e rce n t

4 and under 6 p e r ce n t



10 and under

12p e rce n t

12 and under

14p e rce n t

14p e rce n t

ando v e r

A ll p rin tin g t r a d e s ------------------------------------------------- 78. 0 2 2 .0 5. 7 3 3 .2 26 . 6 7. 5 2 .6 1 .3 0. 8 0. 3

B ook and j o b ---------------------------------------------- ------------- 74 .2 25 . 8 4 .6 27 . 1 27 . 6 9 .7 2 . 7 1 .3 1 .0 0. 3B in d ery w o m e n ------------------------------------------------- 80. 0 2 0 .0 - 15. 7 28 . 7 22 . 6 8 .2 - 4 .4 .4B o o k b in d e r s --------------------------------------------- ----------- 5 9 .4 40 . 6 4 .1 2 3 .4 2 0 .4 3. 1 4 .8 3. 6 - -C o m p o s ito r s , h a n d ------------------------------------------- 73. 8 2 6 .2 1 1 .4 2 7 .2 2 8 .0 5 .4 1. 1 . 5 .2 -E le c tr o ty p e rs ---------- ----------------------------------------- 9 7 .5 2. 5 22. 6 4 4 .4 2 8 .3 1 .0 1 .2 - - -M achine o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------- 7 2 .0 28 . 0 9 .3 28 . 3 2 6 .3 6 .0 1 .3 . 8 . 2 -M ach in e ten ders (m a c h in is t s ) ------------------------ 6 6 .4 33. 6 6 .0 20 . 7 2 7 .3 9 .0 - 3 .2 .2 -M a ile r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 0 .9 19. 1 6 .2 9 .4 4 5 .4 8 .9 1. 1 1 .5 2 .4 6 .0P h o to e n g ra v e rs -------------------------------------------------------------------- 94. 1 5 .9 1 .0 4 0 .2 47 . 8 3 .4 - 1 .7 - -P r e s s a ss is ta n ts and f e e d e r s ---------------------------------- 69. 0 3 1 .0 1.1 2 0 .2 3 5 .3 8 .3 2 .4 1 .3 .4 -P r e s s m e n , c y l i n d e r --------------------------------------------------------- 66. 6 3 3 .4 1 .0 3 4 .3 13. 8 1 4 .0 .9 1 .6 . 6 .4P r e s s m e n , p l a t e n -------------------------------------------------------------- 6 6 .1 3 3 .9 - 3 1 .4 1 7 .0 1 4 .5 - 3 .2 - -S t e r e o t y p e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 1 .5 8 .5 2 3 .0 4 0 .9 24 . 6 1 .9 1 .2 - - -

N ew sp ap er --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85. 1 1 4 .9 7. 8 44 . 6 24. 8 3 .2 2 .3 1 .4 . 5 .5D ayw ork -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83. 5 1 6 .5 7 .9 4 1 .8 24 . 7 3 .2 3. 1 1 .7 . 3 . 7N ig h tw o r k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86. 7 1 3 .3 7. 6 4 7 .3 2 4 .9 3 .3 1 .5 1.1 . 7 .2C o m p o s ito r s , hand:

D a y w o rk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2 .8 1 7 .2 8. 7 46 . 5 2 2 .0 2 .5 2. 7 .5 - -N ig h tw o rk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90. 5 9 .5 8 .4 5 6 .9 20 . 8 3 .2 1 .1 O - -

M achine o p e r a to r s :D ayw ork ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 1 .3 18. 7 8. 8 44 . 6 2 1 .7 2 .8 2 .3 1 . 0 - -N igh tw ork -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 0 .4 9 .6 8. 8 5 8 .4 18. 7 3. 3 1 . 1 . 1 - -

M achine ten ders (m a ch in is ts ):D ayw ork ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 6 .3 13. 7 8 .4 5 3 .0 20 . 8 2 .2 1 .9 - - -N ig h tw o r k ---------------------------- --------------------------------------------- 8 9 .6 1 0 .4 8. 6 6 0 .4 1 7 .5 2. 3 .9 - - -

M a ile r s :D a y w o r k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 8 .0 1 2 .0 7 .9 1 9 .8 4 8 .9 2 .8 8 .6 _ - _N ig h tw o rk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89. 7 1 0 .3 8. 5 9 .4 6 5 .0 2 .2 4. 6 - - -

P h o to e n g ra v e rs :D ayw ork ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 79. 1 2 0 .9 4 .8 54. 7 1 6 .9 1 . 1 1 .2 - - . 4N ig h tw o r k -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92. 6 7 .4 6 .9 66 .1 14 .9 1 .4 2. 5 .8 - -

P r e s s m e n ( jou rn eym en ):D ayw ork ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80. 6 1 9 .4 7 .5 4 2 .3 1 5 .2 3. 6 3 .1 6 .0 - 2 .9N ig h tw o rk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71. 1 2 8 .9 5 .4 4 2 .5 1 1 .9 3 .2 .4 3 .8 3 .4 .4

P r e s s m e n - in -c h a r g e :D a y w o rk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 6 .2 2 3 .8 3 .5 47 . 7 10. 1 3. 7 2 .1 5 .3 - 3 .9N ig h tw o r k -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67. 5 3 2 .5 2 . 5 40 . 7 1 1 .0 1 .1 1 . 6 1 .1 4 . 7 4 .7

S te re o ty p e rs :D a y w o rk --------------------------------------------------------------- --------- 9 3 .0 7 .0 7. 7 4 1 .1 3 5 .3 5 .9 _ - 3 .0 _N igh tw ork -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 3 .2 6 .8 6. 5 5 4 .3 20 . 6 7. 7 4 . 1

L e ss than 0. 05 p e r ce n t .N O T E : B e ca u se o f rou n d in g , su m s o f ind iv id ual item s do not n e c e s s a r ily equa l to ta ls .

T A B L E 4 . C e n ts -p e r -h o u r in c re a s e s in union w age ra tes and p e r ce n t o f union p rin tin g tra d es w o rk e rs a ffe c te d ,Ju ly 1, 1953 - July 1, 1954

T rad e

P e r c e n t o f w o rk e rs

a ffe c te d b y w age ra te in c re a s e s

P e ce n t o f union prin tin g trad es in c re a s e s of-

w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g

U nder 5 cen ts

5 and under 10

cen ts

10 and under 15

cen ts

15 and under 20

cen ts

20 and under 25 cen ts

25 and under 30

cen ts

30 cen ts and o v e r

A ll p rin tin g t r a d e s -------------------------------------- 7 8 .0 8 .4 3 3 .9 2 8 .3 4 .3 1 .6 0. 8 0. 7

B ook and j o b ________________________________ 74 .2 8 .4 32. 8 2 6 .0 4 . 6 1 .3 0. 6 0 .4B in d ery w om en ----------------------------------- 8 0 .0 16. 8 51. 1 12 .1 - - - -B ook b in d ers -------------------------------------------- 5 9 .4 5 .4 2 8 .0 16 .9 5 .3 3. 8 - -C o m p o s ito r s , h a n d --------------------------------- 7 3 .8 1 1 .4 2 8 .2 3 1 .1 2 .5 - . 7 -E le c tro ty p e rs ----------------------------------------- 9 7 .5 22 . 6 4 2 .0 2 7 .5 4 . 7 . 6 - -M ach ine o p e r a t o r s --------------------------------- 72 .0 9 .3 2 8 .5 3 0 .4 3 .0 - .9 -M achine ten ders (m a c h in is t s ) ------------- 6 6 .4 6 .0 20 . 7 28. 6 7 .8 - 3 .2 .2M a ile rs ---------------------------------------------------- 8 0 .9 6 .6 3 8 .9 1 5 .5 9 .5 1 .0 - 9 .3P h o to e n g ra v e rs -------------------------------------- 94 .1 1 .7 13. 7 7 4 .2 2 .0 . 7 - 1 .7P r e s s a ss is ta n ts and fe e d e r s ~ ---------- 6 9 .0 4. 5 3 0 .3 3 0 .0 2 .5 1 .6 - -P r e s s m e n , c y l i n d e r ---------- ------------------- 6 6 .6 2. 7 3 4 .9 10. 8 1 3 .5 2. 3 2. 3 .2P r e s s m e n , p l a t e n ---------------------------------- 66 .1 1 .5 3 4 .3 1 4 .5 7. 7 5 .9 2 .2 -S t e r e o t y p e r s ------------------------------------------- 9 1 .5 2 3 .0 29 . 6 35. 8 1 .9 . 6 . 6


T A B L E 4 . C e n t s - p e r - h o u r in c r e a s e s in u n io n w a g e r a t e s a n d p e r c e n t o f u n io n p r in t in g t r a d e s w o r k e r s a f f e c t e d ,J u ly 1 , 1953 - J u ly 1 , 1954 - C o n t in u e d

P e r c e n t o fP e rce n t o f union prin tin g tra d es

in c re a s e s o fw o rk e rs r e ce iv in g

T rad ew o rk e rs

a ffe c te d by w age rate in c re a s e s

U nder 5 cen ts

5 and under 10

cents

10 and under 15

cen ts

1 5 and under 20

cen ts

2 0 and unde r 2 5

cen ts

25 and under 30

cen ts

30 cen ts and ov e r

N ew spap er __________________________________ 85 . 1 8 .3 35 .8 3 2 .6 3 .8 2 .2 1.2 1 .2D ayw ork 8 3 .5 8 .9 36 .8 2 8 .2 5. 1 2 .0 1 .6 1. 1N igh tw ork _______________________________ 8 6 .7 7 .7 34 .8 3 7 .0 2 .5 2 .5 .8 1 .3C o m p o s ito r s , hand:

D ayw ork .. ... ... . 8 2 .8 8 .7 4 1 .8 2 6 .7 2 .5 2 .7 . 5 _N igh tw ork ___________________________ 9 0 .5 8 .4 4 1 .5 3 6 .2 1.7 2 .6 _ (M

M achine o p e ra to rs :D ayw ork 8 1 .3 8 .8 4 1 .7 2 4 .7 2 .8 2 .3 1 .0 _N igh tw ork . 9 0 .4 8 .8 4 4 .6 3 2 .5 2 .2 2 .2 _ . i

M achine ten d ers (m a ch in is ts ):D ayw ork ._ 8 6 .3 8 .4 50 .9 2 2 .8 2 .2 1 .9 _ _N igh tw ork ... 8 9 .6 8 .6 5 0 .2 2 7 .7 1 .3 2 .0 - _

M a ile r s :D ayw ork __ _ 8 8 .0 1 5 .3 3 2 .4 2 9 .5 10 .0 .8 _ _N igh tw ork ___________________________ 8 9 .7 9 .2 3 0 .0 4 3 .6 2 .2 4 .6 _ _

P h oto e n g ra v e rs :D ayw ork ......... 79 . 1 4 .8 35 .7 3 5 .9 1. 1 1 .2 _ . 4N ightw ork 9 2 .6 6 .9 4 3 .0 3 8 .0 .7 2 .5 1 .5 _

P r e s s m e n (jou rn eym en ):D ayw ork _____________________________ 8 0 .6 7 .5 2 6 .0 3 1 .4 4 .8 2 .7 5 '. 3 2 .9N igh tw ork .... ... 71 . 1 5 .4 14 .3 40 . 1 1 .4 2 .3 3 .8 3 .8

P r e s s m e n - in -c h a r g e :D ayw ork _ . . . . _ 7 6 .2 3 .5 20 .7 3 3 .8 7 .0 2. 1 4 .9 4 . 3N igh tw ork ___________________________ 6 7 .5 2 .5 12 .8 3 3 .8 5 .2 1 .6 1.7 9 .9

S te re o ty p e rs :D ayw ork _ .... 9 3 .0 7 .7 4 3 .6 2 6 .5 12 .2 _ _ 3 .0N igh tw ork ___________________________ 9 3 .2 6 .5 35 .7 3 7 .4 9 .5 4. 1

1 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e rce n t .N O TE: B eca u se o f rounding, sum s o f ind ividual item s do not n e c e s s a r ily equal to ta ls .

T A B L E 5 . A v e ra g e union h ou rly w age ra te s in the prin tin g in d u stry , July 1, 1954, and in c re a s e s in r a te s ,July 1, 1953 - July 1, 1954

T rad eA v e ra g e

. rate p e r hour

July 1, 1954 1

Am ount o f in c re a s e July 1, 1953 - July 1, 1954 2

A v era g e rate p er

hourJuly 1, 1954 1

Am ountJulyJuly

o f in c re a s e 1, 1953 - 1, 1954 2

P e r c e n t C e n ts -p e r -hour P e rce n tC e n ts -p e r -

hour

A ll prin ting tra d e s $ 2 .6 7 2 .9 7 .6 N e w sp a p e r :- Continued

B ook and j o b ___ " __ ____ __ 2 .5 2 2 .9 7 .2 M achine o p e r a to r s _________ $ 2 .9 9 2 .7 7 .8B in d ery w o m e n ______._________ 1 .4 5 4 . 2 5 .8 D ayw or k ____ ,____________ 2 .9 0 2 .6 7 .4B ook b in d ers __________________ 2 .5 3 2 .6 6 .3 N igh tw ork ________________ 3. 08 2 .7 8 . 1C o m p o s ito r s , h a n d __________ * 2 .8 0 2 .4 6 .6 M achine te n d e rsE l e c t r o t y p e r s __________________ 3 .0 5 2 .9 8 .5 I (m a ch in is ts ) _______________ 3 .0 0 2 .6 7 .6M ach ine o p e r a to r s 2 .7 8 2 .4 6 .5 1 D ayw or k _________________ 2 .9 2 2 .6 7 .5M achine ten d ers N igh tw ork _______________ 3 .0 8 2 .6 7 .7

(m a ch in is ts ) ...... 2 .7 9 2 .6 7 .0 M a ile r s ................... . 2. 64 3 .4 8 .6M a ile r s __ 2 .3 0 4 .0 8 .8 D ayw or k _________________ 2 .5 1 3 .4 8 .3P h oto e n g ra v e rs 3 .3 0 3 .6 1 1 .3 N igh tw ork . . . . . . . . 2 .7 5 3 .4 8 .9P r e s s a ss is ta n ts and P h o to e n g ra v e rs 3 .2 3 2 .5 8 .0

fe e d e r s _______________________ 2 .2 9 3 .1 6 .9 D ayw or k 3 .0 9 2 .4 7 .2P r e s s m e n , c y l in d e r _____ ______ 2 .8 1 2 .7 7 .4 N igh tw ork 3 .3 8 2 .7 9 .0P r e s s m e n , platen ____________ 2 .4 8 2 .8 6 .7 P r e s s m e n ( jo u r n e y m e n )___ 2 .9 9 3. 1 9. 1S t e r e o t y p e r s ___________________ 3 .0 6 2 .8 8 .2 D ayw or k _________________ 2 .8 5 3 .4 9 .4

N igh tw ork ________________ 3. 16 2 .9 8 .8N ew spap er 2 .9 5 2 .9 8 .4 P r e s s m e n - in - c h a r g e _______ 3 .2 3 3 .3 10. 3

D ayw ork _______________________ 2 .8 4 3 .0 8 .3 D a y w o r k __________________ 3 .0 9 3 .4 10. 1N igh tw ork 3 ,0 6 2 .9 8 .6 N igh tw ork _ __ 3 .4 0 3 .2 10 .6C o m p o s ito r s , h a n d ___________ 2 .9 8 2 .7 7 .9 S te re o ty p e rs 2 .9 5 3 .4 9 .8

D ayw ork 2 .8 9 2 .7 7 .5 D ayw ork 2 .8 4 3 .5 9 .6N ig h tw ork ___ __ _ __ 3 .07 2 .8 8 .2 N igh tw ork _ ___ 3. 10 3.3 9.9

1 A v e ra g e ra te s a re b a se d on a ll ra te s in e ffe c t on July 1, 1954; ind ividual r a te s a re w eigh ted by the n um ber o f union m e m b e rs r e p o r te d at ea ch ra te .

B a sed on co m p a ra b le quotations fo r 1953 and 1954 w eigh ted by the n u m ber o f union m e m b e rs r e p o r te d at ea ch quotation in 1954.


10

T A B L E 6 . I n c r e a s e s in u n io n w a g e r a t e s in th e p r in t in g t r a d e s b y c i t y , r e g i o n , a n d in d u s t r y b r a n c h ,J u ly 1 , 1953 - J u ly 1 , 195 4

C itie s by reg ionA ll p rin tin g tra d es B ook and jo b N ew spap er

P e rce n to f

in c re a s eCents

in c re a s eP e r c e n t

ofin c re a s e

Centsin c re a s e

P e rce n to f

in c re a s eCents

in c re a s e

______________________________________________________2 .9 7. 6 2 .9 7 .2 2 .9 8 .4

N ew E n g la n d ----------------------------------------------------------- 2 .2 5. 5 2 . 7 6. 3 1 .6 4 . 5B oston , M a ss . ------------------------------------------------- 2 .3 5 .9 2 . 8 6. 3 1 .8 5 .4N ew H aven, C onn. ------------------------------------------ 2 .0 5 .0 2 . 7 6. 5 . 7 1 .8P r o v id e n c e , R . I. ------------------------------------------ 1 .9 5. 1 2 . 7 6. 8 1 .5 4 . 3S p r in g fie ld , M a ss . ------------------------------------------ 2 .2 5 .2 1 .7 4 . 1 3. 5 8. 3

M id d le A tlan tic ----------------------------------------------------- 2 . 5 6 .6 2 . 1 5. 1 3 .4 9 .8B u ffa lo , N . Y . .................................................... - 4 . 7 1 1 .3 3 .9 8 .9 6. 1 16. 6E r ie , P a . ------ ------------------- ---------------- 4 .3 10. 7 3. 7 8. 7 4 . 6 1 1 .6N ew ark , N. J . -------------------------------------------------- 1 .3 3. 6 1 .0 2 .6 1 .8 5 .4N ew Y ork , N. Y . --------------------------------------------- 1 .8 4 .9 1 .5 3 .9 2 .4 7 .4P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . -------------------------------------------- 4 . 8 1 1 .8 3. 5 8 .2 7. 7 20 . 7P ittsb u rg h , P a . ------------------------------------------------ 3. 8 9. 7 3. 3 8 .0 4 .2 1 1 .4R o c h e s te r , N . Y . -------------------------------------------- 4 .2 1 0 .2 4 .0 9 .3 4 .4 12. 0S cra n ton , P a . --------------------------------------------------- 3 .3 7. 1 3 .4 6. 7 3 .2 8. 6S y ra cu se , N. Y . ---------------------------------------------- J .2 2 . 8 1 .7 3 .4 . 8 2 .2

B o rd e r S ta te s -------------------------------------------------------- - 3. 3 7 .9 3 .2 6 .8 3. 3 9 .5B a lt im o re , M d. ------------------------------------------------ 5. 1 12. 1 6. 1 12. 6 4 .2 1 1 .5L o u is v ille , K y. ------------------------------------------------ 1 .5 3 .4 1 .3 2 . 5 1 .8 5 .0R ich m on d , V a . ------------------------------------------------- 3 .1 6. 8 3 .0 5 .4 3 .2 8 .4W ashington , D. C . ---------------------------------- -------- 3. 1 8. 1 2 . 7 6 .5 3. 7 1 0 .9

S outheast ___________ -______________________________ 1 .8 4 .4 1 .7 3 .9 1 .8 4 . 7A tlanta , G a . ----------------------------------------------------- 1 .6 4. 1 1 .6 3 .9 1 .6 4 .4B irm in gh a m , A la . ------------------------------------------ 2 . 5 6 .2 3 .2 7. 3 1 .9 5. 0C h a rlo tte , N. C . --------------------------------------------- . 6 1 .6 . 8 1 .8 . 6 1 .5J a ck so n v ille , F l a . ------------------------------------------ 1 .0 2. 5 1. 7 3 .4 .9 2 .4K n ox v ille , Tenn. --------------------------------------------- 2 . 8 6 .9 .9 2 .0 3 .2 8 .0M em p h is , T e n n . ---------------------------------------------- 2 . 0 4 .9 1 .6 3 .2 2 . 5 6. 7

G rea t L akes ----------------------------------------------------------- 3 .4 8 .9 3. 5 8 .9 3. 0 8. 7C h ica g o , 111. ----------------------------------------------------- 3 .4 9 .8 3 .4 9 . 6 3 .4 1 0 .3C in cin n ati, O h i o ---------------------------------------------- 2 .2 5 .9 3. 1 7. 6 1 .3 3. 7C leve la n d , O h i o ---------------------------- ----------------- 3 .4 8. 6 3 .3 7. 7 3 . 6 1 0 .4C olu m b u s, Ohio --------------------------------------------- 3. 8 9 .5 4 .2 10. 0 3 .2 8 .9D ayton , O h i o ------------------------ ------ ----- --------------- 3 .9 9 .3 4 .2 9 .9 1 .8 4 . 8D e tro it , M i c h . ------------------------------------------------- 3 . 3 9 .0 4 .4 1 1 .4 1 .2 3. 5G rand R a p id s , M i c h . -------------------------------------- 4 . 1 1 0 .2 3 .1 7 .2 5 .0 1 3 .5In d ian ap olis , I n d . -------------------------------------------- 1 .9 4 . 8 .9 2 .2 3 .2 9 .2M ilw au k ee, W i s . --------------------------------------------- 3 .2 7. 8 3. 5 8 .2 2 .4 6. 7M in n ea p o lis -S t . P a u l, M i n n . --------- ----------- 3. 1 7. 1 3. 0 6. 5 3 .4 9 .9P e o r ia , I I I . ------------------------------------------------------- 4 .2 10. 8 4 . 3 1 0 .4 4 . 1 1 1 .2T o le d o , O h i o ---------------------------------------------------- 3. 6 9 .6 4 . 8 1 1 .3 2 . 8 8. 1

M id d le W e s t ---------- ----- ------------------------------------------ 4 . 8 11. 7 5. 0 11. 1 4 . 6 1 2 .9D es M o in e s , I o w a -------------------------------------------- 6. 0 14. 5 5. 5 12. 8 7. 0 19. 1K ansas C ity , M o . ----------------------- -------------------- 3. 3 7 .9 2 . 6 5. 8 4 . 6 12. 6O m aha, N e b r . --------- ----------------------------------------- 4 . 8 1 1 .9 6 .2 14. 3 3 .9 10. 3St. L o u is , M o . --------------------------- ---------------------- 4 .8 1 1 .6 5. 6 12. 3 3 .4 9 .9

S o u th w e s t ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3 .0 7. 5 3 .4 7. 6 2 . 7 7. 5D a lla s , T e x . ---------- ----------------------------------------- 3 .3 9 .2 2 .2 5. 6 3 .9 1 1 .5H ouston , T ex . ---------------------------------------------- 1 .1 3. 1 2 .3 5. 6 .4 1 .1L ittle R o ck , A r k . -------------------------------------------- 2 . 5 5. 7 2 .4 4 .8 2 . 6 6. 4N ew O rlea n s , L a . ---------------- --------------------------- 2 .5 6. 0 2 . 6 5. 8 2 . 5 6. 3O klahom a C ity , O k la . ------------------------------------- 6. 1 14 .2 8 .8 17. 7 3. 7 1 0 .0San A n ton io , T ex . ------------------------------------------ 3 .4 8 .3 4 . 1 8. 3 3 .2 8. 3

M o u n ta in ------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 . 6 1 1 .4 5. 7 12. 1 4 . 0 10 .9D en v er , C o lo . ---------------------------------------------- 4 . 5 1 1 .0 5. 7 12. 1 3. 5 9 . 7Salt Lake C ity , U t a h -------------------------------------- 4 .9 12. 6 5. 8 1 2 .4 4 . 8 12. 6

P a c i f i c ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 . 5 6. 7 2 . 6 6 .8 2 .3 6. 6L o s A n g e l e s , C a l i f . ----------------------------------------- 1 .8 4 .9 2 . 7 7 .2 - -O akland, C a lif . ----------------------------------- ----- 1 .4 3 .8 1 .2 3. 3 1 .6 4 . 7P o rtla n d , Or e g . ---------------------------------------------- 2 . 7 7 .4 1 .6 4 . 1 3. 6 1 0 .4San F r a n c is c o , C a l i f . ------------------------------------- 2 .9 7. 8 3 .4 9 .0 1. 6 4 . 6S eattle , W ash. ------------- ------------------------------------ 2 . 6 7 .4 1 .2 3 .2 4 . 6 1 4 .0Spokane, W ash. ------------------------------------------ 4 .4 1 1 .9 3. 6 8. 5 4 . 8 13. 7


T A B L E 7 . D is tr ib u t io n o f u n ion m e m b e r s in th e p r in t in g t r a d e s b y h o u r ly w a g e r a t e s a n d b y t r a d e , J u ly 1, 1954

A v e ra g eP e r c e n t o f union m e m b e rs w hose rate (in cen ts) p er h our w as

T ra d e rate1 20 130 140 150 1 60 T T cT 1 8 0 " 190 200 2 1 0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360

p er U nder and andh our 1 2 0 under

360130 140 150 1 6 0 170 180 1 90 200 2 1 0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 o v er

A ll p r in tin g tra d es _______________________ $ 2 . 67 0. 5 0. 3 4. 1 3 .9 0 . 8 1 . 8 1 . 0 0. 5 0. 3 0. 7 1 . 8 1. 9 3. 6 5 .9 7. 1 6 . 3 8 . 0 1 1 .9 14. 0 8 . 2 5. 5 3. 5 4. 7 0 . 6 0 . 2 3. 1

B o o k and j o b ----------------------------------------------- 2. 52 0 . 8 0 .4 6 .4 5 .9 1 . 2 2 . 8 1 . 6 0 , 8 0 .3 0 . 8 2 . 6 2. 7 5 .2 8 . 0 8 . 2 5. 2 6 . 0 1 2 . 1 1 0 . 8 6 . 0 3. 5 2 .9 1 . 6 0. 3 ( l ) 3. 81 .4 5 4. 5 1 . 9 35 .7 3 1 .4 5 .3 14. 6 6 . 7 -2. 53 .4 _ . 1 .9 _ . 1 .7 5. 2 5.4 6 . 5 34. 7 1 2 .4 8 . 7 7 .0 11. 5 5. 6 . 8 - - - - - -

C o m p o s it o r s , hand ___________________ 2 . 80 - - - - - - - . 4 .9 - 1 . 8 4. 7 15. 3 7 .4 7 .4 25. 0 1 6 . 8 15. 3 5 .0 - - - -

3. 05 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 7 - _ 1 . 8 2. 5 . 1 8 .7 14. 7 1 2 . 8 9 .9 7. 1 2 2 . 2 19 .6 - - -M achine o p e ra to rs ------------------------------ 2. 78 - - - - - - - - - 1 . 0 1 .4 - 2 .4 5. 2 17 .0 7 .2 8 . 5 23. 2 17. 1 1 1 . 0 6 . 0 - - - - . 2M achine ten d ers (m a ch in is ts ) --------- 2 . 79 - - - - - - - - - 1 . 6 - 2 .4 3. 1 1 7 .8 2. 7 14. 1 2 3 .3 2 0 .4 1 2 .4 2. 3 -

2. 30 _ _ 4. 0 14. 0 1 1 . 8 _ _ 1 . 0 _ 1 .9 _ 1. 7 6 . 7 1 1 . 8 8 . 8 2 . 8 15 .0 1 2 . 2 1 . 2 2 . 8 1 . 0 2 .4 .9 . 1 - -P h o to e n g ra v e rs _______________________P r e s s a ss is ta n ts and fe e d e r s _______

3. 30 2 . 29 . 4 . 7 . 3 1. 7 . 1 2 . 0 2 . 6 6 . 6 2 .4 3. 6 13. 2 1 2 . 8 25. 3 8 . 1

2 . 04 .4

7. 0 2 .3 7. 1

7. 0 7 .9

11. 5 .4

6 . 7 . 3

1. 7 15. 0 7 .4 . 7 0 .3 38. 7

P r e s s m e n , c y l i n d e r __________________ 2 . 81 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 2 . 1 . 3 . 7 1. 3 3. 6 6 .9 9 .2 8 . 9 8 . 2 14. 2 25. 8 7. 2 10. 5 1. 5 . 2 1 . 1 ( l ) ( l )2. 48 _ _ _ . 1 - 1. 5 . 1 - . 8 3. 6 3. 7 15. 8 1 4 .4 12. 5 2 0 . 1 8 . 2 8 . 6 2 . 2 2. 3 5. 1 .9 - - - - -

S te re o ty p e rs ----------------------------------------- 3. 06 - - - - - " - - - - " - - - . 2 4. 1 7. 2 1 4 .9 17. 3 18. 6 1 . 0 28. 3 4 .9 1. 7 1 . 8 ~

N ew sp a p er ________________________________ 2. 95 2. 84

- - - - - - I1) . 1

. 2

. 5. 4 . 3

. 2

. 3. 3 . 5

. 7

. 71 .9 3. 1

5 .08 .9

8 . 2 10. 7

1 1 . 6 17. 5

1 1 . 6 13. 1

19 .9 2 2 . 0

12. 3 9 .3

9 .4 1 0 . 0

4. 5 1 . 2

10. 5 1. 7

1 . 2 . 1

.4(*)

1. 9

N ight w o rk ______________________________ 3. 06 - - - - - - - - ( l ) . 5 . 1 . 1 . 6 . 6 1 . 0 5. 8 5. 6 1 0 . 1 17. 8 15. 3 8 .7 7 .8 1 9 .4 2 . 2 . 8 3*. 6

C o m p o s it o r s , hand ----------------------------- 2 .9 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( l ) ( 1) - . 3 - 4 . 5 6 .4 1 1 . 2 1 1 .4 2 0 . 2 1 6 .4 13. 6 4. 6 11. 3 - - . 1D ayw ork __________ 2 . 89 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - (>) () - . 7 - 9 .3 8 .4 1 6 .4 13. 7 22. 5 1 3 .0 15. 6 . 2 - - - . 1N igh tw ork ........................ ....................... 3. 07 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4. 5 6 . 2 9. 2 18. 0 19. 6 11. 7 8. 6 2 1 .9 - ~ . 1

M achine o p e ra to rs ------------------------------ 2 .9 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - ( l ) . 1 - . 2 - 3 .7 6 .4 1 0 .3 1 2 . 0 1 9 .4 1 7 .0 1 3 .3 4 .9 1 2 .4 - - . 3D ayw ork _ _____ _ _ __ 2 . 90 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - . 1 . 1 - . 5 - 7 .9 7. 3 1 6 .7 15. 6 2 2 . 8 1 2 .4 15 .9 . 3 - - - . 4N igh tw ork _______ . . . 3. 08 _ _ _ _ _ _ > - _ - - - - - 5 .6 4 . 7 8 .9 16. 5 2 1 . 0 1 1 . 1 8 .9 2 3 .2 - - . 3

M ach ine ten d ers (m a ch in is ts ) --------- 3. 00 . . . _ _ _ _ _ . 5 _ 2 .4 7. 7 8 . 6 9 .7 2 1 . 0 1 6 . 1 17 .0 4 . 6 1 2 . 2 - - . 3D ayw ork ........... - 2. 92 _ _ _ . _ _ _ - - - - - 1 . 0 - 4 . 6 9 .9 1 1 . 0 14. 4 2 2 . 8 11. 7 23. 7 . 5 - - - . 3N igh tw ork ---------------------------------------- 3. 08 - - - - - - - - - " - - - - - 5 .4 6 . 1 4. 8 19. 1 20. 7 1 0 . 0 8 .9 2 4 .8 ~ . 2

M a ile rs 2. 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ . 2 1 . 8 2 . 6 1 . 1 1 .9 3. 5 13. 0 15 .9 18. 3 1 0 . 0 1 2 . 6 1 8 .4 . 7 - - - - - -D a y w ork ____________________________ 2. 51 _ _ - - - - - . 4 3. 8 2. 3 2 . 0 3 .6 3. 0 23. 5 26. 7 2 2 . 6 1 2 . 1 - - - - - - - - -N igh tw ork - 2. 75 _ _ _ - _ _ _ - (M 3. 0 .4 . 4 3 .9 4. 1 6 . 7 14. 6 8 .3 23. 3 3 3 .9 1. 3 - - - - - -

P h o to e n g ra v e rs ----------------------------------D ayw ork ....

3. 23 3. 09

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3. 8 7. 1

2 .95 .3

2 .71 . 6

2. 73. 6

5. 6 8 . 5

12. 3 19. 5

15. 6 1 9 .9

7. 8 6 . 0

2 8 .0 28. 3

1. 5 1. 3 15. 7

N igh tw ork ... . .. . 3. 38 _ _ _ _ * - _ _ - _ - _ - - - - 4 . 1 1. 5 2. 3 4 . 0 10. 5 9. 8 27. 7 3. 3 2 . 8 34. 1

P r e s s m e n (jou rn eym en ) -------------------- 2 .9 9 . . . _ _ _ . 1 1. 5 6 . 8 17. 1 9 .7 24. 6 1 1 . 1 5 .4 3. 5 15. 1 4. 3 . 6 . 2D ayw ork .... .... . __ 2. 85 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - . 2 2 . 8 10. 5 28. 6 14. 0 35. 6 5. 3 1 .7 1. 4 - - - -N igh tw ork _ _ _ 3. 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 2. 5 3. 6 4. 7 1 1 . 6 1 7 .9 9 .7 6 . 0 3 2 .8 9 .4 1. 3 . 5

P r e s s m e n - in - c h a r g e -------------------------- 3. 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - - - . 4 2 .4 2 . 8 16. 3 1 0 .4 1 9 .6 14. 0 7. 8 7 .9 8 . 6 9. 8D ayw ork ............ ........... 3. 09 _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - . 8 2 .7 4 . 4 28. 2 14. 6 23. 5 14. 2 8 . 8 2 . 2 . 8 -N igh tw ork 3. 40 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - 2 . 1 .9 1. 7 5. 2 14. 8 13. 7 6 . 6 15. 0 18. 1 2 1 . 8

,Stf*rp*ofyp*r s ........ .. . 2. 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 1 - 2. 3 1 0 . 6 14. 7 2 1 . 2 21. 5 9 .6 2 .4 7. 4 2 . 2 . 4 - 7. 6D ayw ork 2. 84 _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - - - . 2 - 4. 1 1 3 .9 19 .7 27. 5 2 4 .4 7. 0 2 . 1 . 2 - . 8 - -N igh tw ork -------------------------------------------------- 3. 10 6 . 2 8 . 0 1 2 . 6 17. 5 13. 0 2. 7 17. 1 5. 2 17. 8

1 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r ce n tN O T E : B e ca u se o f rou n d in g , sum s o f individual item s do not n e c e s s a r ily equal 1 0 0 .0 .


12

T A B L E 8 . A v e r a g e u n io n h o u r ly w a g e r a t e s in th e p r in t in g t r a d e s b y c i t y a n d p o p u la t io n g r o u p , J u ly 1 , 1954

B O O K A N D J O B 1

City and population group

N E W S P A P E R

Averagehourly City and population group

Averagehourlyrate

Population group I (1 ,000,000 or m ore):$2. 83 New York, N. Y . ------------------------------------------------ $3. 20

2. 75 Chicago, 111.-------------------------------------------------------- 3. 172. 72

Average for group I ------------------------------------------- 3. 112.66

D etroit, M ich. __ ------------ ----------------------------- 3. 072. 64 Philadelphia, Pa. ----------------------------------------------- 2 .902.43 Los A ngeles, C alif. ------------------------------------------- 2. 86

Population group II (500,000 to 1 ,000,000):2. 74 Washington, D. C . _____________________________ 3. 082. 57 M inneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. --------------------------- 3 .042. 52 Cleveland, O h io__ ____________________________ 3. 022. 51 St. Louis, M o. ------- --------------------------- - 3. 012.45 Boston, M ass. --------------------------------------- 2 .992. 42 San F ra n cisco , C a l i f .---------------------------------------- 2.952 .42

Average for group II____________________________ 2.952.40

Buffalo, N. Y. __________ _________ _ ______ 2.912. 36 Milwaukee, W is. ------------------------------------------------ 2. 892. 33 Houston, T e x . ----------------------------------------------------- 2. 872. 32 Cincinnati, O h io ------------------------------------------------- 2. 852. 30 B altim ore, Md. _ --------------------------------------------- 2. 842. 21 Pittsburgh, P a . ----------------------------- ------------------ 2. 832. 20 New Orleans, L a . ---------- __ ------------------------ 2. 58

Population group III (250,000 to 500,000):2. 79 Seattle, Wash. ---------------------- -------------------- - 3. 162.71 D allas, T e x . ----------------------------- ------------- 3. 032 .66 Newark, N. J. ------------------------------------------------- 3. 032. 57 Portland, Oreg. --------------------------------------------- - 3. 022. 55 Toledo, O hio-------------------------------------------------------- 3 .002. 46 Indianapolis, Ind. ______________ ________ 2 .942. 452. 44 Average for group HI ---------------------------------------- 2 .94

2.44 Oakland, Calif. _ __ _________________________ 2.92D enver, C o lo . ------ ------------ ------- ------------------ 2 .90

2. 40 Columbus, O h io_______________ _______________ 2.892. 40 L ouisville , K y .__ _ ________ __ __ -------- 2. 892. 37 Kansas City, M o. ___________________________ 2. 862. 32 R ochester, N. Y. _________ ___________________ 2. 822. 25 M em phis, Tenn. _ ___________ _______________ 2. 812. 11 Atlanta, Ga. ____________________________________ 2. 802. 08 Birmingham , A l a . __ ___ ________________ 2.751.92 San Antonio, Tex. ___________ _______________ 2.69

Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000):2. 63 Spokane, Wash. _ ______________________________ 3. 002. 51 Des M oines, Iowa --------------------------------------------- 2. 922 .49 P rovidence, R. I. __ ________ _______________ 2. 852.47 P eoria , 111. _____________________________________ 2. 842. 46 Grand R apids, M ich _ _________________________ 2. 822.45 Scranton, Pa. ----------------------------------------------------- 2.792.45 Oklahoma City, O k la .__________________________ 2.782 .44 Omaha, Nebr. __ ____________ __ ____________ 2. 762.43 Salt Lake City, Utah _ __ __ __ ____________ 2. 762. 35 Richm ond, Va. __ _____________________________ 2.74

2. 32 A verage for group IV ___________________________ 2. 74

2. 30 Dayton, Ohio __ ________________________________ 2. 732. 26 Syracuse, N. Y. __ _ _ __________________ 2. 722. 20 E rie , Pa. _ 2 .672. 09 Jacksonville, Fla. _ _____________ ____________ 2.652. 05 Knoxville, Tenn. _____ ____________ ____________ 2. 632. 04 New Haven, Conn. _____________________________ 2. 612. 02 Charlotte, N. C. _ ---------------------- ------------------ 2. 601.99 Little R ock, A rk. -------------------------------------------- 2. 541. 86 Springfield, M ass. ___________ _______________ 2.45

Population group I (1 ,000,000 or m ore):Chicago, 111. --------------------------------------------Los A ngeles, Calif. --------------------------------D etroit, M ich. __________________________

Average for group I -------------------------------

New York , N. Y __________ _______________Philadelphia, Pa. -----------------------------------

Population group II (500,000 to 1 ,000,000)San F ra n cisco , C a l i f .__________________Cincinnati, O h io -------------------------------------Houston, Tex. -----------------------------------------Pittsburgh, P a . _________________________Washington, D. C . ______________________Cleveland, O hio---------------------------------------Milwaukee, Wis. _______________________

Average for group II ----------

Buffalo, N. Y. _____________Boston, M ass. --------------------St. L ou is, M o ._____________New Orleans, L a . ---------------B altim ore, M d .____________M inneapolis-St. Paul, Minn

Population group III (250,000 to 500,000):Seattle, "Wash. --------------------------------------Oakland, Calif. ________________________Portland, Or eg. ------------------------------------D allas , Tex. ___________________________Newark, N. J. _________________________Atlanta, Ga. ------------------------------------------Columbus, O hio________________________Toledo, O hio___________________________

A verage for group I I I ---------------------------

Indianapolis, Ind. _____________________R ochester, N. Y. _____________________Birmingham , Ala. ____________________Kansas C ity , M o. _____________________Denver, Colo. ---------------------------------------M em phis, Tenn. ______________________San Antonio, Tex. ____________________L ou isv ille , Ky. ________________________

Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000):P rovidence, R. I. _____________________P eoria , 111.______________________________Spokane, Wash. _________________________E rie , Pa. .Dayton, Ohio _____________________Des M oines, Io w a ________________New Haven, Conn. -----------------------Omaha, N e b r .-------------------------------Springfield, M ass. _______________Grand Rapids, M ich. ____________

Average for group IV

Knoxville, Tenn.Salt Lake City, Utah _________________Oklahoma City, O k la .________________Charlotte, N. C. _____________________Scranton, Pa. -------------------------------------Little R ock, Ark. -------------------------------Jacksonville, Fla. ___________________S yracuse, N. Y. ______________________Richm ond, Va. ______________________

The averages in the book and job tabulation include rates for the sem iskilled bindery women and press assistants and feeders as w ell as the highly skilled journeym en, com posing room and pressroom w ork ers , and others. The number of sem iskilled w orkers organised in a city may have influence on the average for the city.


13

T A B L E 9 . A v e r a g e u n io n h o u r ly w a g e r a t e s in th e p r in t in g t r a d e s b y r e g i o n , 1 a n d b y t r a d e , J u ly 1 , 195 4

Trade UnitedStatesNew

EnglandMiddle

AtlanticB orderStates

Southeast

GreatLakes

MiddleWest

Southwest Mountain P acific

A il printing t r a d e s -------------------------------------------- $ 2 .67 $2.59 $2. 67 $2.50 $2. 53 $2. 72 $2. 54 $2. 58 $2.59 $2.81

Book and j o b ----------------------------------------------------- 2 .52 2. 39 2.52 2.21 2.32 2. 59 2 .3 6 2.31 2 .25 2. 73Bindery women --------------------------------------------- 1 .45 1.35 1.40 1.29 1.29 1.48 1.46 1.23 1.38 1. 71Bookbinders ---------------------------------------------- 2 .53 2 .49 2 .39 2 .3 7 2 .48 2.71 2. 61 2. 31 2 .40 2.93C om positors, hand--------------------------------------- 2 .80 2 .4 7 2. 79 2. 63 2. 61 2 .90 2. 75 2 .59 2. 60 2.93E le c tr o ty p e r s ----------------------------------------------- 3 .05 2.81 3. 14 2. 64 2.91 3. 12 2.89 2 .80 2. 64 3. 03Machine operators - -- ------------------------- 2. 78 2 .48 2.83 2 .57 2. 56 2 .90 2. 73 2. 60 2. 59 2.94Machine tenders (m a ch in is ts )-------------------- 2. 79 2 .54 2.91 2 .5 4 2.65 2. 89 2. 73 2. 62 2. 75 2.92M a ile r s ---------------------------------------------------------- 2 .30 - 2. 54 1. 62 2. 58 2.31 2. 65 2 .2 7 2 .5 7 2. 87Photoengravers -------------------------------------------- 3 .30 2. 79 3. 55 2 .86 2. 68 3.32 2. 88 2. 72 2. 77 3.25P ress assistants and f e e d e r s --------------------- 2 .29 2.19 2.22 2. 10 1.63 2 .4 7 2.11 1.63 1. 73 2.35P ressm en , c y l in d e r ------------------------------------ 2.81 2 .54 2. 84 2. 56 2. 58 2.91 2. 74 2 .37 2 .38 2 .96P ressm en , p la te n ---------------------------------------- 2 .48 2.31 2. 50 2.20 2 .08 2 .48 2 .4 4 2. 14 2 .24 2.92S te re o ty p e rs ------------------------------------------------- 3 .06 2 .97 3. 17 2 .90 2. 81 3. 03 2 .92 2.89 2.91 3.05

Newspaper ------------------------------------------------------- 2 .95 2 .87 3.02 2.93 2. 68 3. 02 2 .93 2. 79 2. 85 2 .96D a y w o rk ------------------------------------------------------- 2 .84 2. 74 2. 88 2.83 2. 63 2 .92 2 .84 2. 71 2. 79 2. 89N igh tw ork ----------------------------------------- ----------- 3 .06 3 .04 3.15 3.01 2. 72 3. 13 3.04 2. 87 2.92 3.03C om positors, hand ----------------------------------- 2 .98 2.83 3.05 3.01 2. 73 3. 06 3. 01 2. 85 2 .94 3. 05

Daywork -------------------------------------------------- 2 .89 2. 73 2 .95 2.92 2. 67 2 .96 2.92 2. 77 2 .87 2 .97N ightwork------------------------------------------------- 3 .07 3.00 3.13 3.07 2. 77 3. 15 3. 10 2.92 3. 00 3. 11

Machine o p e r a to r s --------------------------------------- 2 .99 2 .87 3.07 3. 00 2. 71 3.06 2.99 2. 85 2.95 3.04D a y w o rk -------------------------------------------------- 2 .90 2. 76 2 .98 2.92 2. 66 2 .95 2.89 2. 77 2. 87 2 .95N igh tw ork ------------------------------------------------ 3 .08 3.02 3.16 3.06 2. 74 3. 15 3. 08 2.91 3.01 3. 12

Machine tenders (m a ch in is ts )---------------- 3.00 2 .90 3. 16 3.02 2. 69 3.03 3.00 2 .85 2 .94 3.02D a y w o rk -------------------------------------------------- 2 .92 2. 78 3. 10 2.93 2. 64 2 .95 2.91 2. 78 2.91 2 .97N ightwork------------------------------------------------- 3 .08 3.03 3.22 3.08 2. 74 3. 11 3.11 2.93 2 .98 3. 10

M a i l e r s -------------------------------------------------------- 2. 64 2.49 2. 64 2.30 2. 31 2. 76 2. 68 2.21 2. 50 2. 70D a y w o rk -------------------------------- ------

bls_1176_1955.pdf

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