bloom texonomy ncp
TRANSCRIPT
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1
Presented by
Dr Bharat Mishra22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
222-02-17
Questions
Questions Questions
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull As a teacher do you ask questions to your students
bull When do you ask questions bull Are they oral questions or written
questions bull For what purposes do you ask
questions bull Do you write out in advance the
questions you askbull What kinds of questions do you tend to
ask bull What kinds of answers do you tend to
get bull What do you predict would happen in
your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask
bull How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning
bull What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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BLOOM TAXONOMY
IN PHARMACY
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull ldquoOne of the beauties of teaching is that there
is no limit to onersquos growth as a teacher just
as there is no knowing beforehand how much
your students can learnrdquo
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull 1956- developed by Benjamin Bloom
bull Educators from the world decides that they will
set learning objectives for students to achieve at
the end to every topic course session etc and
this will also help them in evaluating students
bull This is why you will find a set of questions at the
end of topic in many books
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
bull Adapted for classroom use as a planning toolbull Provides a way to organize thinking skills into
six levels from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
bull 1990s- Lorin Anderson revised this taxonomybull As a result a number of changes were made
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
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Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Bloom taxonomy -wheel
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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REMEMBERING
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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UNDERSTANDING
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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CREATING
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Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
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I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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SELF STUDY
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
222-02-17
Questions
Questions Questions
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3
bull As a teacher do you ask questions to your students
bull When do you ask questions bull Are they oral questions or written
questions bull For what purposes do you ask
questions bull Do you write out in advance the
questions you askbull What kinds of questions do you tend to
ask bull What kinds of answers do you tend to
get bull What do you predict would happen in
your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask
bull How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning
bull What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
4
Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
5
BLOOM TAXONOMY
IN PHARMACY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
6
bull ldquoOne of the beauties of teaching is that there
is no limit to onersquos growth as a teacher just
as there is no knowing beforehand how much
your students can learnrdquo
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
7
bull 1956- developed by Benjamin Bloom
bull Educators from the world decides that they will
set learning objectives for students to achieve at
the end to every topic course session etc and
this will also help them in evaluating students
bull This is why you will find a set of questions at the
end of topic in many books
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
8
bull Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
bull Adapted for classroom use as a planning toolbull Provides a way to organize thinking skills into
six levels from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
bull 1990s- Lorin Anderson revised this taxonomybull As a result a number of changes were made
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
9
Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3
bull As a teacher do you ask questions to your students
bull When do you ask questions bull Are they oral questions or written
questions bull For what purposes do you ask
questions bull Do you write out in advance the
questions you askbull What kinds of questions do you tend to
ask bull What kinds of answers do you tend to
get bull What do you predict would happen in
your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask
bull How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning
bull What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
4
Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
5
BLOOM TAXONOMY
IN PHARMACY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
6
bull ldquoOne of the beauties of teaching is that there
is no limit to onersquos growth as a teacher just
as there is no knowing beforehand how much
your students can learnrdquo
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
7
bull 1956- developed by Benjamin Bloom
bull Educators from the world decides that they will
set learning objectives for students to achieve at
the end to every topic course session etc and
this will also help them in evaluating students
bull This is why you will find a set of questions at the
end of topic in many books
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
8
bull Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
bull Adapted for classroom use as a planning toolbull Provides a way to organize thinking skills into
six levels from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
bull 1990s- Lorin Anderson revised this taxonomybull As a result a number of changes were made
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
9
Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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CREATING
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
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71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
4
Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
5
BLOOM TAXONOMY
IN PHARMACY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
6
bull ldquoOne of the beauties of teaching is that there
is no limit to onersquos growth as a teacher just
as there is no knowing beforehand how much
your students can learnrdquo
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
7
bull 1956- developed by Benjamin Bloom
bull Educators from the world decides that they will
set learning objectives for students to achieve at
the end to every topic course session etc and
this will also help them in evaluating students
bull This is why you will find a set of questions at the
end of topic in many books
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
8
bull Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
bull Adapted for classroom use as a planning toolbull Provides a way to organize thinking skills into
six levels from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
bull 1990s- Lorin Anderson revised this taxonomybull As a result a number of changes were made
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
9
Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
5
BLOOM TAXONOMY
IN PHARMACY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
6
bull ldquoOne of the beauties of teaching is that there
is no limit to onersquos growth as a teacher just
as there is no knowing beforehand how much
your students can learnrdquo
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
7
bull 1956- developed by Benjamin Bloom
bull Educators from the world decides that they will
set learning objectives for students to achieve at
the end to every topic course session etc and
this will also help them in evaluating students
bull This is why you will find a set of questions at the
end of topic in many books
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
8
bull Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
bull Adapted for classroom use as a planning toolbull Provides a way to organize thinking skills into
six levels from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
bull 1990s- Lorin Anderson revised this taxonomybull As a result a number of changes were made
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
9
Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
6
bull ldquoOne of the beauties of teaching is that there
is no limit to onersquos growth as a teacher just
as there is no knowing beforehand how much
your students can learnrdquo
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
7
bull 1956- developed by Benjamin Bloom
bull Educators from the world decides that they will
set learning objectives for students to achieve at
the end to every topic course session etc and
this will also help them in evaluating students
bull This is why you will find a set of questions at the
end of topic in many books
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
8
bull Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
bull Adapted for classroom use as a planning toolbull Provides a way to organize thinking skills into
six levels from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
bull 1990s- Lorin Anderson revised this taxonomybull As a result a number of changes were made
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
9
Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
7
bull 1956- developed by Benjamin Bloom
bull Educators from the world decides that they will
set learning objectives for students to achieve at
the end to every topic course session etc and
this will also help them in evaluating students
bull This is why you will find a set of questions at the
end of topic in many books
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
8
bull Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
bull Adapted for classroom use as a planning toolbull Provides a way to organize thinking skills into
six levels from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
bull 1990s- Lorin Anderson revised this taxonomybull As a result a number of changes were made
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
9
Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
8
bull Means of expressing qualitatively different kinds of thinking
bull Adapted for classroom use as a planning toolbull Provides a way to organize thinking skills into
six levels from the most basic to the higher order levels of thinking
bull 1990s- Lorin Anderson revised this taxonomybull As a result a number of changes were made
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
9
Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
9
Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
bull He was a teacher thinker amp
inventor
bull He worked at a college
bull He created a list about how
we think about thinkinghellip 1913-1999
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
10
Bloomrsquos Taxonomy is a useful tool for
assessment design but using it only for that
function is like using a race car to go to the
groceryndash a huge waste of potential
Designing challenging questions proved
to be often more difficult than answering
them
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
11
Blooms Taxonomy is divided into Three domains- COGNITIVE DOMAIN Thinking intellectual abilities Comprehending information organizing ideas evaluating information and actions
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN A learnerrsquos emotions toward learningInterests attitudes opinions appreciations values emotional sets
PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Basic motor skills coordination and physical movementSpeech development handwriting physical education manipulative skills performance areas in science art music
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
12
I am going to discuss the cognitive domain of blooms taxonomy and its application
TAXONOMY OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVESClassification of intended learning outcomes
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
1322-02-17
Domain is divided into Six Levels and its a
hierarchy from the lowest to the highest are as
follows
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
14
Taxonomy = Classification
Classification of thinking Six cognitive levels of complexity
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
15
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Original Revised
Noun Verb22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
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71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
16
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
BLOOMrsquoS TAXONOMY MAY BE DEPICTED AS A SET OF STAIRS THAT STUDENTS CLIMB FROM ONE LEVEL TO THE NEXT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
17
Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
bull The model provides a structure that allows teachers to present a lesson to a group of students who have varied needs and abilities
bull At the lowest level students are required to know memorize repeat and list information
bull At the higher levels students are required to judge criticize resolve invent and make recommendations
bull Verbs are used to involve students in thinking differently at each level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
18
bull Level 1 Remembering bull It is simply recalling knowledge like You know-bull Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
bull Level 2 Understanding bull Its about understanding or comprehending
knowledge like You know-bull Ampicillin is a Cell Wall Inhibitor and
understanding that it inhibits cell wall to kill bacteria
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
19
bull Level 3 Applying
bull Its about applying what you understand
through knowledge like As You know-
bull Ampicillin is a cell wall inhibitor you will never
administer it to kill a bacteria that does not
have a cell wall ie mycoplasma
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
20
bull Level 4 Analyzing
bull Its about breaking a concept into its parts or
understanding interrelationships of different concepts
like-
bull A analyzing an interrelationship between a
formulation of a extended release tablet and its
bioavailability
bull B Minoxidil
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
21
bull Level 5 Evaluating bull It can be simplified as you have a problem and
you have two or more solutions so evaluation its about choosing the best solution like-
bull you have many different guidelines for Vancomycin dosing but with your knowledge and expertise on topic you choose the one that fits for your population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
22
bull Level 6 Creating
bull Its like putting parts together to create whole
new knowledge or its simply about creating
knowledge like-
bull Calculating Pharmacokinetic Parameters of
Vancomycin in a new Population
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
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28
UNDERSTANDING
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
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APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
24
Bloom taxonomy -wheel
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2522-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2622-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
27
REMEMBERING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
28
UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
2922-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3022-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3122-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
32
CREATING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
3322-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
34
Ans to Question1 Blooms levelAs a teacher do you ask questions of your students Knowledge(K)When do you ask questions KnowledgeAre they oral questions or written questions Knowledge
For what purposes do you ask questions Comprehension(C)
Do you write out in advance the questions you ask Knowledge
What kinds of questions do you tend to ask Analysis(An)
What kinds of answers do you tend to get Analysis
What do you predict would happen in your classroom if you changed the kinds of questions that you ask Application(A)
How could you collect data on and analyze your questioning patterns and the impact of different kinds of questions on your students learning Synthesis(S)
What criteria could you use to assess the effectiveness of your questions Evaluation(E)
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
35
bull K - A1bull KC - A2bull KCA - A3
KCAAn - A4bull KCAAnS - A5bull KCAAnSE - A6 bull Where bull K ndash KnowledgeRemembering-Rbull C ndash ComprehensionUnderstanding-Ubull A ndash Applicationbull An ndash Analysisbull S ndash SynthesisCreate-Cbull E ndash Evaluation
22-02-17
Abbreviations to write level of bloom
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
36
RememberKnowledge questions Students remember and recall factual information
bullDefine bullList bullState bullLabel bullNameemspbullDescribe
Q Draw a typical neuron and label all parts on your drawing Q What makes up the coat of a virus Q Name the six kingdoms of living things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
37
Understanding Comprehension questions Students demonstrate understanding of ideas
bullRestate
bullParaphrase
bullExplain
bullSummarize
bullInterpret
bullDescribeemsp
bull Illustrate
Q What were the most important points raised in todays discussion of the differences between the functions of neurons and those of glia Q Explain how the life cycle of a lytic virus operates Q Describe how living things are classified into kingdoms
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
38
Application questions Students apply information to unfamiliar situations
bullApplybullDemonstratebullUse bullComputebullSolve bullPredict
Q On the basis of what you know about axon outgrowth how would you explain the difficulties of treating spinal cord injuries
Q Given what you know about the life cycle of a virus what effects would you predict anti-viral drugs to have on viruses
Q If a new life form were discovered what process would you use to assign it to a kingdom
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
39
Analysis questions Students break ideas down into parts
bullCompare bullContrastbullCategorizebullDistinguish
Q Compare and contrast the pupillary light reflex and the patellar (knee) reflex
Q What distinguishes the replication processes of RNA and DNA viruses
Q How are fungi and plants similar to and different from each other
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
40
Evaluation questions Students think critically and defend a position
bullJudgebullAppraisebullRecommendbullJustifybullDefendbullCriticizebullEvaluate
Q Defend or criticize the statement ldquoThere is a gene for every behaviorrdquo
Q Would you argue that viruses are alive Why or why not
Q Should the classification of living things be based on their genetic similarities or theiremspmorphologyphysiology What are the reasons for your choice
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
41
CreateSynthesis questions Students transform ideas into something new
bullDevelop bullCreate bullPropose bullFormulateemspbullDesign bullInvent
Q How might stem cell research result in therapies for diseases such as Parkinsons diseaseQ Propose a way in which viruses could be used to treat a human diseaseQ Develop a classification system for objects commonly found in your kitchen State the rules of your classification system
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
42
BLOOMS QUIZ
22-02-17
I hope you all have conceived the idea wellhelliplet me ask you the few questions to check your comprehension
BLOOMS QUIZ
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
43
bull Suggested answers follow the questions
Ques 1bull Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
that some prostate cancer cells develop after elimination of the influence of androgens because estrogen activates genes normally controlled by an androgen receptor
bull Ans Synthesis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
44
Ques2 What factors might influence the contribution that
industrial carbon dioxide emissions make to global temperature levels
Ans AnalysisJustification However if these factors were
previously discussed in class or presented in a reading assigned to students this question involves only-
Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
45
Ques 3
bull How are proteins destined for export from a
cell typically modified prior to secretion
Ans Understanding
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
46
Ques 4bull Which of the following is not an event that
occurs during the first division of meiosisbull Replication of DNA bull Pairing of homologous chromosomesbull Formation of haploid chromosome
complements bull Crossing over or separation of sister
chromatids
Ans Remembering
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
47
Ques5 bull Do the authors data support their hypotheses
and conclusions Why or why notAns This question intentionally brings out gray
areas in trying to fit short questions to Blooms categories without awareness of the context
bull According to the explanations provided in the text the question could be at the-
bull Analysis level
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
48
Justification it requires the answerer to break down a communication about experimental findings into its components and explain their interrelationships
bull However the question can take another context if for example it is asked in the context of peer review of a manuscript or of a student lab report In this context the methodology of the experiment may be open to question or the authors may have taken an overly optimistic or confident viewpoint in interpreting their data The answer would then require some critical appraisal (evaluation) and a knowledge of the standards used in communicating about experimental findings in a particular discipline
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
49
Ques6 bull Should embryos ldquoleft overrdquo from in vitro
fertilization procedures be used as sources of stem cells for biomedical research
Ans Evaluation Justification If other opinions were discussed or
read previously this question involves only comprehension
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
50
Ques7 bull Construct a concept map with the following title
Regulation of the Cell CycleAns Synthesis if the person constructing the map
has not seen one before on this topic Justification A concept map is a collection of
boxes lines and words used to represent understanding of major themes and ideas on a subject and how these ideas are interrelated
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
51
Ques How does the generalized life cycle of an animal differ from that of a plant
Ans ComprehensionJustification Some people might argue that the level for
this question is analysis if the answerer has not previously been told what the differences are (or read the typical introductory biology textbook treatment of animal versus plant cell cycles) Our opinion is that the cycles do not have to be broken into their components for the major differences to be evident
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
52
Which of these measures should be included to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
a Adequate and separate ventilation of rooms b Strict hand washing c Use of surgical mask by the caregiver d Use of HEPA-filter mask by the patient bull Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is
spread from person to person by droplets when an infected person coughs sneezes speaks sings or laughs Responses b c and d are not adequate interventions for the prevention of tuberculosis Having rooms with adequate ventilation of non-recirculated air is the best plan
bull Answer A bull Blooms Level bull Application
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
53
SELF STUDY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
54
MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
A WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO (Objective )
B WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO (Hypothesis)
C HOW DO YOU WANT TO DO (Protocol amp Methodology Data collection )
D WHAT WOULD BE THE POSSIBLE OUTCOME
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
55
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DOTHE OBJECTIVE
bullREADING BETWEEN AND BEYOND THE LINES
bullIMAGINATION AND INTUITION
bullCREATIVE THINKING
bullUNCONVENTIONAL THINKING
bullWORK EXPERIENCE
bullCLOSE OBSERVATION
bullSCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC
bullCLARITY AND PURPOSE
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
56
WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
bull COMPETENCEbull INFRA-STRUCTUREbull FINANCIAL ROBUSTNESSbull TO PROVE OR DISPROVE SOME THINGbull TO REALIZE A GOALbull TO TEST A HYPOTHESISbull FINANCIAL OR SOCIAL BENEFITSbull BECAUSE THERE ARE UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE
EXISTING UNDERSTANDING
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
57
HOW DO YOU DO IT
bull EXPERIMENT PROTOCOLbull TIME PROTOCOLbull BUDGET PROTOCOLSbull MATERIAL PROCUREMENT PROTOCOLbull DEFINING TIME BOUND SCHEDULESbull IDENTIFYING PROBABLE RISKS AND FAILURESbull CLEARANCES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
58
EXPERIMENTS
bull RIGHT CHOICE OF MODELbull OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONSbull VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODSbull MODERN AND RELIABLE METHODSbull CALIBRATION OF METHODSbull IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVE METHODSbull SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY REPRODUCIBILITY AND
ACCURACY LEVELS OF THE EXPERIMENTSbull SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE VARIABILITY
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
59
DATA COLLECTION
bull CLEAR NOTINGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS DATE AND TIME
bull ALL CALCULATIONS WEIGHTS MEASUREMENTS bull DATA ON MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTSbull SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONSbull IN PROCESS CHECKS AND MEASURESbull ORGANISING THE STORAGE OF THE DATAbull CLEAR LABELINGbull PRESERVING THE PRODUCT
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
60
DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
bull HOW TO ORGANISE THE DATAbull CHOICE OF SOFTWAREbull ANALYSIS OF DATA BY APPROPRIATE
STATISTICAL METHODSMATHEMATICAL METHODS
bull DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION bull CLEAR WELL DEFINED TABLES AND FIGURES
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
61
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
bull HAS THE RESEARCH EXPERIMENT ACHIEVED THE OBJECTIVEbull DOES IT LEAD TO ADDITION OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE
EXISTING ONEbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SUPPORTED BY
YOUR DATAbull ARE THE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS SCIENTIFICALLY
VALIDbull ARE THERE ACCIDENTAL OR UNEXPECTED OBSERVATIONS
AND RESULTS
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
62
KNOWLEDGEUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
Tellmiddot ListmiddotDescribemiddot Relatemiddot Locatemiddot Writemiddot Findmiddot Statemiddot Name
What happened aftermiddot How manymiddot Who was it thatmiddot Can you name themiddot Describe what
happened atmiddot Who spoke tomiddot Can you tell whymiddot Find the meaning ofmiddot What ismiddot Which is true or
false
middot Make a list of the main events
middot Make a timeline of events
middot Make a facts chartmiddot Write a list of any pieces
of information you can remember
middot List all the in the storyarticlereading piece
middot Make a chart showing
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
63
COMPREHENSIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Explainmiddot Interpretmiddot Outlinemiddot Discussmiddot Distinguishmiddot Predictmiddot Restatemiddot Translatemiddot Comparemiddot Describe
middot Can you write in your own words
middot Can you write a brief outline
middot What do you think could of happened next
middot Who do you thinkmiddot What was the main
ideamiddot Who was the key
charactermiddot Can you distinguish
betweenmiddot What differences exist
betweenmiddot Can you provide an
example of what you mean
middot Can you provide a definition for
middot Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event
middot Illustrate what you think the main idea was
middot Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events
middot Write and perform a play based on the story
middot Retell the story in your wordsPaint a picture of some aspect you like
middot Write a summary report of an event
middot Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events
middot Make a colouring book
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
64
APPLICATIONUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Solvemiddot Showmiddot Usemiddot Illustratemiddot Constructmiddot Completemiddot Examinemiddot Classify
middot Do you know another instance where
middot Could this have happened in
middot Can you group by characteristics such asWhat factors would you change if
middot Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own
middot What questions would you ask of
middot From the information given can you develop a set of instructions about
middot Would this information be useful if you had a
middot Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work
middot Make a scrapbook about the areas of study
middot Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point
middot Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area
middot Make a clay model of an item in the material
middot Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model
middot Paint a mural using the same materials
middot Write a textbook about for others
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
65
ANALYSISUSEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTSmiddot Analysemiddot Distinguishmiddot Examinemiddot Comparemiddot Contrastmiddot Investigatemiddot Categorisemiddot Identifymiddot Explainmiddot Separatemiddot Advertise
middotWhich events could have happened
middotI happened what might the ending have been
middot How was this similar tomiddot What was the underlying theme
ofmiddot What do you see as other possible
outcomesmiddot Why did changes occurmiddot Can you compare your with that
presented inmiddot Can you explain what must have
happened whenmiddot How is similar to middot What are some of the problems
ofmiddot Can you distinguish betweenmiddot What were some of the motives
behindmiddot What was the turning point in the
gamemiddot What was the problem with
middotDesign a questionnaire to gather information
middot Write a commercial to sell a new productmiddotConduct an investigation to produce
information to support a viewbull Make a flow chart to show the critical
stagesmiddot Construct a graph to illustrate selected
informationmiddot Make a family tree showing relationshipsmiddot Put on a play about the study areamiddot Write a biography of the study personmiddot Prepare a report about the area of studymiddot Arrange a party Make all the
arrangements and record the steps needed
middot Review a work of art in terms of form colour and texture
middot Review a film
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
66
SYNTHESIS
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS
middot Createmiddot Inventmiddot Composemiddot Predictmiddot Planmiddot Constructmiddot Designmiddot Imaginemiddot Proposemiddot Devisemiddot Formulate
middot Can you design a to middot Why not compose a song
aboutmiddot Can you see a possible
solution tomiddot If you had access to all
resources how would you deal with
middot Why dont you devise your own way
middot to deal withmiddot What would happen ifmiddot How many ways can youmiddot Can you create new and
unusual uses formiddot Can you write a new recipe for
a tasty dishmiddot Can you develop a proposal
which would
middot Invent a machine to do a specific taskmiddot Design a building to house your studymiddot Create a new product Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaignmiddot Write about your feelings in relation
tomiddot Write a TV show play puppet show
role play song or pantomime aboutmiddot Design a record book or magazine
cover formiddot Make up a new language code and
write material suing itmiddot Sell an ideamiddot Devise a way tomiddot Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
67
EVALUATION
USEFUL VERBS SAMPLE QUESTIONS POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES AND
PRODUCTS
middot Judgemiddot Selectmiddot Choosemiddot Decidemiddot Justifymiddot Debatemiddot Verifymiddot Arguemiddot Recommendmiddot Assessmiddot Discussmiddot Ratemiddot Prioritisemiddot Determine
middot Is there a better solution to
middot Judge the value ofmiddot Can you defend your
position aboutmiddot Do you think is a good
or a bad thingmiddot How would you have
handledmiddot What changes to would
you recommendmiddot Do you believemiddot Are you a personmiddot How would you feel ifmiddot How effective aremiddot What do you think
about
middot Prepare a list of criteria to judge a show Indicate priority and ratings
middot Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest
middot Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important Convince others
middot Form a panel to discuss views eg Learning at School
middot Write a letter to advising on changes needed at
middot Write a reportmiddot Prepare a case to present your
view about
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
68
Blooms level Individual activities Group activitiesKnowledge (LOCS)
bullPractice labeling diagramsbullList characteristicsbullIdentify biological objects or components from flash cardsbullQuiz yourself with flash cardsbullTake a self-made quiz on vocabularybullDraw classify select or match itemsbullWrite out the textbook definitions
bullCheck a drawing that another student labeledbullCreate lists of concepts and processes that your peers can matchbullPlace flash cards in a bag and take turns selecting one for which you must define a termbullDo the above activities and have peers check your answers
Comprehension (LOCS)
bullDescribe a biological process in your own words without copying it from a book or another sourcebullProvide examples of a processbullWrite a sentence using the wordbullGive examples of a process
bullDiscuss content with peersbullTake turns quizzing each other about definitions and have your peers check your answer
Application (LOCSHOCS)
bullReview each process you have learned and then ask yourself What would happen if you increase or decrease a component in the system or what would happen if you alter the activity of a component in the systembullIf possible graph a biological process and create scenarios that change the shape or slope of the graph
bullPractice writing out answers to old exam questions on the board and have your peers check to make sure you dont have too much or too little information in your answerbullTake turns teaching your peers a biological process while the group critiques the content
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
69
Analysis (HOCS)
bullAnalyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and then compare the authors interpretation with your ownbullAnalyze a situation and then identify the assumptions and principles of the argumentbullCompare and contrast two ideas or conceptsbullCreate a map of the main concepts by defining the relationships of the concepts using one- or two-way arrows
bullWork together to analyze and interpret data in primary literature or a textbook without reading the authors interpretation and defend your analysis to your peersbullWork together to identify all of the concepts in a paper or textbook chapter create individual maps linking the concepts together with arrows and words that relate the concepts and then grade each others concept maps
Synthesis (HOCS)
bullGenerate a hypothesis or design an experiment based on information you are studyingbullCreate a model based on a given data setbullCreate summary sheets that show how facts and concepts relate to each otherbullCreate questions at each level of Blooms Taxonomy as a practice test and then take the test
bullEach student puts forward a hypothesis about biological process and designs an experiment to test it Peers critique the hypotheses and experimentsbullCreate a new modelsummary sheetconcept map that integrates each group members ideas
Evaluation (HOCS)
bullProvide a written assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously determined criteria
bullProvide a verbal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your peers work or understanding of a given concept based on previously described criteria and have your peers critique your assessment
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
70
STEM in a stem the problem can be stated in the form of question A stem may be a complete or incomplete statement expressing a meaningful proposition It acts as a stimulus
Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
DISTRACTORS A stem is followed by a list of four or five solutions called optionschoices These may include words numbers symbols phrases and full sentences The option which is the correct response it is called KEY and the remaining incorrect responses are called DISTRACTORS These incorrect optionschoices function to distract candidates which are the usual mistakes misconception misunderstanding of the studentsWho is the first lady president of India rarr Stem
1 Indira Gandhi rarr Distractor2 Pratibha Patil rarr Key3 Sonia Gandhi rarr Distractor4 Sarojini Naidu rarr Distractor
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
71
2) The stem should be concise and unambiguous avoiding double negatives If single negative is unavoidable it must be emphasized Always underline the words like lsquonorsquo lsquobestrsquo lsquoexceptrsquo lsquoleastrsquo etc Incase these words are used in the stem
Construction of Stem
Example
Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of programmed instructions1 The material is reduced in small steps 2 The student is required to make frequent responses3 Correct responses are immediately confirmed4 Student must reach the frame at a uniform rate
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
72
bull 4) Base each item on a single central problem Stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a single and definite problem
bull Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a cellbull Improved Ex Q Explain the protein synthesis in a eukaryotic
cell
22-02-17
3) The context of the question must be made clear and should avoid using text book language
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
73
5) Anything that needs to be repeated in each option should be included in the stemA Poor exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty
1 when constructing short answer items2 when constructing multiple-choice items3 when constructing truefalse items4 when constructing essay questions
An Improved exampleThe lack of probable wrong answers will cause the greatest difficulty when constructing
1 short answer items2 multiple-choice items3 truefalse items4 essay questions
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
74
1) The key option should be unarguably correct
There should be only one correct or clearly the best answer with no difference of opinion among experts for each Question
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor Item
At what temperature does water boil1 50o
2 73o
3 182o
4 212o
An Improved item
At what temperature does water boil keeping atmospheric pressure constant1 50o C2 100o C3 200o C4 212o C
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
75
3) Do not include responses that are all inclusive lsquoall of the above lsquo lsquonone of the aboversquo or that have the same meaning unless their use is highly essential
Construction of Distractors and the key
Example
Which one of the following types of test items measures learning outcomes at the recall level
1Supply type items2Selection type items3Matching items4Multiple-choice items
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
76
5) Place the blankschoices at the end of the incomplete statement
Construction of Distractors and the key
A Poor example ______________ is the capital of India
1 New Delhi 2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
An Improved example
The capital of India is _____________
1 New Delhi2 Mumbai3 Kolkata4 Chennai
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
77
The item must not contain any clues such as mixtures of plurals and singulars precision of key option length of key option etc
Clues
i Length of key providing a clue - The relative length of the alternatives should be equal otherwise it may provide a clue to the correct answer
What is the major contribution that preparing and using a test specification can make to test construction
1 It ensures a well proportioned marking scheme2 It encourages a consideration of all relevant objectives3 It describes the intended test content and thereby serves as a check on
content validity4 It highlights the relative importance of objectives
ii Singularplural mix up giving a clue Which of the following are required to calculate a tests standard error of measurement
1 Its mean score2 Its duration and number of items3 Its standard deviation and reliability4 Its item analysis
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
78
Clues iii Grammatical fitment giving a clue
The ability to synthesize can be best measured with an 1 essay question2 matching item3 multiple-choice item4 re-arrangement item
iv Usage of words in stem and options providing a clue - Avoid similarity of wording in both the stem and the correct answer
Which one of the following would you first consult to locate research articles in achievement testing
1 Journal of Educational Psychology2 Journal of Educational Measurement3 Journal of Consulting Psychology4 Review of Educational Research
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
79
Change in Termsbull Categories noun to verb
ndash Taxonomy reflects different forms of thinking (thinking is an active process) verbs describe actions nouns do not
bull Reorganized categoriesndash Knowledge = productoutcome of thinking
(inappropriate to describe a category of thinking) now remembering
ndash Comprehension now understandingndash Synthesis now creating to better reflect nature of
thinking described by each category
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
80
RememberingThe learner is able to recall restate and remember learned information
ndash Describingndash Findingndash Identifyingndash Listing
ndash Retrievingndash Namingndash Locatingndash Recognizing
Can students recall information
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
81
Understanding Student grasps meaning of information
by interpreting and translating what has been learned
ndash Classifyingndash Comparingndash Exemplifyingndash Explaining
ndash Inferringndash Interpretingndash Paraphrasingndash Summarizing
Can students explain ideas or concepts
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
82
Applying Student makes use of information in a context different from the one in which it was learned
ndash Implementingndash Carrying out
ndash Usingndash Executing
Can students use the information in another familiar situation
c =
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
83
Analyzing Student breaks learned information into
its parts to best understand that information
ndash Attributing ndash Comparingndash Deconstructingndash Finding
ndash Integrating ndash Organizingndash Outliningndash Structuring
Can students break information into parts to explore understandings and relationships 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
84
EvaluatingStudent makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection criticism and assessment
ndash Checkingndash Critiquingndash Detecting ndash Experimenting
ndash Hypothesisingndash Judgingndash Monitoringndash Testing
Can students justify a decision or a course of action
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
85
CreatingStudent creates new ideas and information using
what previously has been learned
ndash Constructingndash Designingndash Devisingndash Inventing
ndash Making ndash Planningndash Producing
Can students generate new products ideas or ways of viewing things
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
86
Questioning bull Lower level questionsmdashremembering
understanding amp lower level applying levels bull Lower level questions
ndash Evaluate studentsrsquo preparation and comprehensionndash Diagnose studentsrsquo strengths and weaknessesndash Review andor summarizing content
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Questioning bull Higher level questions require complex
application analysis evaluation or creation skills
bull Higher level questionsndash Encourage students to think more deeply and
criticallyndash Facilitate problem solvingndash Encourage discussionsndash Stimulate students to seek information on their own
Handout 22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoRememberingrdquo stemsbull What happened afterbull How manybull What isbull Who was it thatbull Name bull Find the definition ofhellipbull Describe what happened afterhellipbull Who spoke tobull Which is true or false
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stemsbull Explain whyhellipbull Write in your own wordshellipbull How would you explainhellipbull Write a brief outlinebull What do you think could have happened nextbull Who do you thinkbull What was the main ideabull Clarifyhellipbull Illustratehellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
bull Explain another instance wherehellipbull Group by characteristics such ashellipbull Which factors would you change ifhellipbull What questions would you ask ofhellipbull From the information given develop a set of
instructions abouthellip
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stemsbull Which events could not have happenedbull If happened what might the ending have beenbull How issimilar tobull What do you see as other possible outcomesbull Why didchanges occurbull Explain what must have happened whenbull What are some or the problems ofbull Distinguish betweenbull What were some of the motives behindbull What was the turning pointbull What was the problem with
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stemsbull Judge the value of What do you think aboutbull Defend your position aboutbull Do you thinkis a good or bad thingbull How would you have handledbull What changes tohellip would you recommendbull Do you believe How would you feel ifbull How effective arebull What are the consequencesbull What influence willhave on our livesbull What are the pros and cons ofbull Why isof value bull What are the alternativesbull Who will gain amp who will loose
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
93
bull This presentation is now available at bull wwwslidesharenet
22-02-17
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-
Dr Bharat Mishra Chairman of IQAC Nirmala College of Pharmacy
94
ldquoCreatingrdquo stemsbull Design atobull Devise a possible solution tobull If you had access to all resources how would you deal
withbull Devise your own way tobull What would happen if bull How many ways can youbull Create new and unusual uses forbull Develop a proposal which wouldbull
(Pohl 2000)22-02-17
Thank you for the patient listening
- Slide 1
- Questions
- Slide 3
- Question-2 MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- BLOOM TAXONOMY
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Who is Dr Benjamin Bloom
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Structure of Bloomrsquos Taxonomy
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Bloom taxonomy -wheel
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Abbreviations to write level of bloom
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- BLOOMS QUIZ
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Which of these measures should be included to prevent the tran
- SELF STUDY
- MAIN COMPONENTS IN RESEARCH
- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO THE OBJECTIVE
- WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO
- HOW DO YOU DO IT
- EXPERIMENTS
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS
- ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Structure of a Multiple Choice Questions
- Construction of Stem
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Construction of Distractors and the key
- Construction of Distractors and the key (2)
- Construction of Distractors and the key (3)
- Clues
- Clues (2)
- Change in Terms
- Remembering The learner is able to recall restate and remembe
- Understanding Student grasps meaning of information by interp
- Applying Student makes use of information in a context differe
- Analyzing Student breaks learned information into its parts to
- Evaluating Student makes decisions based on in-depth reflection
- Creating Student creates new ideas and information using what p
- Questioning
- Questioning (2)
- ldquoRememberingrdquo stems
- ldquoUnderstandingrdquo stems
- ldquoApplyingrdquo stems
- ldquoAnalyzingrdquo stems
- ldquoEvaluatingrdquo stems
- Slide 93
- ldquoCreatingrdquo stems
-