blood diseases · 2016-01-31 · blood diseases prepared by mr.yeung biology 30s. imagine… •...
TRANSCRIPT
BLOOD DISEASESPrepared by Mr.YeungBiology 30S
IMAGINE…
• You are a spy for “Black cross” (an organization that hates blood)
• You have infiltrated the bloodstream • What can you do to damage the blood and the body
as a whole?• Consider the properties of all the different components of
blood.
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
• Plasma• Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• Carries oxygen
• White blood cells (leukocytes)• Fights infections
• Platelets • Blood clot
POSSIBILITIES OF ATTACK• Lower the amount of RBCs
• Anemia – low RBC count = low oxygen• People will get tired and lack
the energy to perform regular tasks
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, and a fast heart rate
• Easy to catch other illnesses• Mechanisms of anemia
• How can you lower the RBC amount?
• Excessive destruction of RBCs • Blood loss • Inadequate production of RBCs
Why?Why?
MECHANISMS OF ANEMIA• 1. Excessive destruction of RBCs
• Hemolytic (hemo – blood, lytic – breakdown)• Red blood cells are destroyed prematurely• Production in the bone marrow cannot keep up
or maintain ‘homeostasis’• Homeostasis - State of balance between the
inside of the body and the external environment • Causes
• Infections, medications, inherited• Blood loss • Inadequate production of RBCs
• Treatments• Bone marrow transplant
MECHANISMS OF ANEMIA• 2. Sickle-cell anemia
• Genetic disease • Sickle shaped
(crescent moon)• Low surface area• Abnormal form of
hemoglobin• Can clog blood
vessels• Cure?
• None• But treatments for the
pain• Blood transfusion
MECHANISMS OF ANEMIA• 3. Blood loss
• Excessive bleeding, or injury• Internal bleeding• Heavy menstrual periods
• When large amounts of blood are excreted, what else are you losing?
• What does your body need to replenish?• Caused by lack of iron (hemoglobin?)
• Treatments• Iron diet• Birth control pill to control the menstrual
cycle
MECHANISMS OF ANEMIA
• 4. Inadequate production of RBCs• Caused by infections, exposure to toxic
chemicals, and or medication• Iron deficiency can also cause the lack
of RBC production.• Treatments
• Bone marrow transplant for serious cases
• Iron diet
POSSIBILITIES OF ATTACK
• Increase the amount of WBC• Leukemia
• Blood cancer • Cancer = uncontrolled growth of our cells,
and in leukemia’s case, white blood cells. • Lots of WBC and not many RBC• As the disease progresses – mature WBC decreases and large numbers of immature white WBC increases
• Can’t fight infections• Also affects blood clotting
POSSIBILITIES OF ATTACK• Treatments of Leukemia
• Radiation/chemotherapy• Bone marrow transplant
POSSIBILITIES OF ATTACK• Take away the clotting abilities
• Hemophilia • Inherited disorder (genetic) that prevents
normal blood clotting.• Lack the proteins needed for normal blood
clotting• When you have it, you bleed for a long time
• Treatments• Give or replace the protein required for blood
clotting to occur (Replacement therapy)• Hormone therapy – stimulates the body to
produce more of the blood clotting protein
HEMOPHILIA
SUMMARY
Disorder/Disease Characteristics Treatments
Anemia Lack of RBC Bone marrow transplant, iron diet, transfusion
Sickle cell anemia Crescent moon shaped, lack of RBC
Blood transfusion
Leukemia Lots of WBC, little RBC Radiation, Chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant
Hemophilia Lack blood clotting proteinUncontrolled bleeding
Inject body with blood clotting protein