Chapter 13: Basic Life Support

SHORT ANSWER

1. The purpose of basic life support is to maintain cardiac and respiratory function until further care can be provided.

2. CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

3. The first step is to use the acronym SETUP (stop, environment, traffic, unknown hazards, protect yourself and the patient) to remember personal safety. The second step is to assess responsiveness by introducing yourself to the patient or tapping the patient and calling EMS if there is no response. Third, check the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Next, assess breathing and begin ventilations. Then, assess for signs of circulation, usually be checking for a pulse. Finally, perform chest compressions at a rate of 30 compressions to two ventilations.

4. • unconscious: Put the person on his back and kneel astride. Put heel of the hand against the upper abdomen, just below the xiphoid process (one atop the other), and deliver five abdominal thrusts.

conscious: After confirming that the person is choking, stand behind her. Wrap your hands around her waist, make a fist, place it thumb side in against the upper abdomen (above navel, below xiphoid process). Grab inside fist with other hand and give a quick upward thrust. Repeat in sets of five until object clears or person becomes unconscious.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. automated external defibrillator2. cardiac arrest3. respirations, heartbeat4. 4 to 6 minutes, heartbeat (pulse), respirations5. biological death

TRUE/FALSE

1. F 5. F2. T 6. T3. F 7. F4. T 8. F

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MATCHING

1. d 6. g2. a 7. c3. e 8. j4. f 9. i5. b 10. H

CROSSWORD PUZZLE

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Chapter 14: Injuries to the Tissues

MATCHING

1. f 5. h 9. k2. g 6. b 10. j3. c 7. e 11. i4. a 8. d

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Cells

1. cytoplasm, protoplasm 5. nucleus 9. mitosis2. organelles 6. chromosomes, genes 10. tissue3. mitochondria 7. semipermeable, cell membrane4. enzymes 8. meiosis

SHORT ANSWER

1. The four main types of tissues in the human body:a. epithelial: lines body cavities and passageways, helps protect internal organs and

helps keep body temperature regulated, skin is this kind of tissueb. connective: supports and connects other tissues and parts; includes fatty tissue,

bones, and cartilagec. nerve: the pathway for communication form the central nervous system to the

muscles and organs of the body; is made up of neuronsd. muscle: made of fibers that can contract; can be skeletal and attached to the

bones, in the heart (cardiac), or in the organs (smooth)

2. The eight principles that should be applied when treating any type of wound:a. Always wear gloves.b. Control bleeding.c. Prevent infection.d. Cleanse the wound.e. Immobilize the injured part.f. Apply ice (but not for snakebite).g. Handle the wound gently.h. Have a physician rule out infections.

3. Strain is an overstretching of muscle or nearby structures like the fascia or tendon. Immediate treatment is to use the ICE (ice, compression, elevation) technique. Mild strains should be stretched before exercise. Severe strains may require surgery to repair the muscle tear. Sprains are the overstretching or tearing of ligaments or other connective tissues. Symptoms include tenderness, decreased range of motion, swelling, and, for more severe injuries, joint laxity. Treatment is the PRICE (protect, rest, ice, compress, elevate) technique.

4. The four basic parts of the long bones are:

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a. diathesis, the long shaftb. epiphyses, the ends of the long shaftc. medullar canal, the cavity in the shaft that is filled with marrowd. endosperm, the lining of the canal that keeps the marrow intact

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SUPERFICIAL INJURIES

Name of Injury Immediate Treatment

Follow-up Treatment

Prevention

Laceration Wash area with soap and water, and apply sterile compression dressing to stop bleeding.

Make sure any physician orders are followed; monitor for any signs of infection.

Athlete should wear protective clothing and appropriate padding.

Puncture wound Use taping to stabilize the object if it is still embedded; for smaller wounds, clean with soap and water; do not soak wood splinters.

Must be evaluated daily for signs and symptoms of infection.

Make sure the event or practice area is free from nails and other sharp objects.

Incisions Pull the edges of the wound together using a sterile bandage or butterfly strips.

Change dressing daily. Keep event and practice areas free of sharp objects; athletes should wear protective clothing.

Abrasion Wash wound with antibacterial soap and deride with scrub brush; flush with water; apply dressing to avoid scab forming.

Change sterile pad each day; watch for signs of infection.

Athletes should wear clothing that protects the skin as much as possible.

Avulsion Use compression with a sterile dressing to stop bleeding.

Change dressing daily and watch for signs and symptoms of infection.

Protect the body area with the highest potential for contact.

Calluses Use a pumice stone on the calluses to file off the thick skin and to stop the problem that is causing friction.

Monitor callus to check that friction is reduced; apply lotion if callus hardens or cracks.

Use of a lubricant, such as Skin-Lube or Vaseline on the area of pressure.

Blisters Clean area and place a donut pad around the blister to disperse the pressure to the area.

Try to eliminate the source of friction; monitor the affected area for signs of infection.

Remove source of friction using talcum powder; petroleum jelly or skin protection liquid; make sure shoes and socks fit properly.

Bites Cleans thoroughly, and control any bleeding. Bites other than a mosquito bite should be examined by a physician.

Check area each day for symptoms of infection or blood poisoning.

Make sure athletes use an insect repellent that will help prevent mosquito bites.

Hematomas Ice, compression, and elevation; apply ice for 20 minutes and remove ice for an hour, for first 24-72 hours.

Make sure the patient is seen by a physician.

Make sure all objects near the field of play are padded so that athletes are protected in case they hit the objects.

Contusion Ice, compression, and elevation; apply ice for 20 minutes to constrict the blood vessels, and then remove the ice.

Continue treatment schedule and elevation during waking hours until the swelling has subsided.

Have athletes wear protective pads.

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MATCHING

Fractures

1. c 5. f2. b 6. g3. a 7. e4. d

TRUE/FALSE

1. T 6. T2. F 7. T3. F 8. T4. F 9. T5. T 10. T

MORE MATCHING

1. h 11. c 21. cc2. g 12. a 22. bb3. m 13. t 23. y4. i 14. o 24. j5. l 15. d 25. r6. p 16. k 26. v7. q 17. f 27. s8. n 18. z 28. u9. b 19. w 29. x10. e 20. aa

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CROSSWORD PUZZLE

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Chapter 15: Injuries to the Head and Spine

SHORT ANSWER

1. The two main divisions of the nervous system and their components are:a. central nervous system

brainspinal cord

b. peripheral nervous systemnerves located outside the central nervous systemspinal cord

2. To treat an athlete who is down on the field: Always treat athlete as if a head or neck injury exists. Do primary assessment: note time if athlete is unconscious. Keep nonessential people away if possible. If athlete is conscious, ask her her name the team she plays on, how the injury

occurred, whether there is any pain, and what type of pain. Check eyes for pupil reaction. Ask athlete if he can move hands and feet while otherwise lying still. Watch for signs of progressive head or brain injury: nausea or vomiting, pupil

reaction, level of consciousness. Perform secondary survey, then isolated injury assessment. If there is no damage to spinal cord and if it will not harm the injured area, have

athlete sit up. Have athlete stand (same precautions as above). Observe athlete for hidden head or neck injuries. Call EMS any time there is concern about the injury or your ability to treat it.

3. Possible symptoms of post-concussion syndrome (any 10): loss of consciousness; persistent, low-grade headache; light-headedness; poor concentration; retrograde amnesia; anterograde amnesia; sleepiness; loss of coordination; slurred or incoherent speech; irritability; anxiety; depression; ringing in the ears; vacant stare; disorientation; nausea or vomiting; pupils are not evenly reactive to light, are sluggish, or are unresponsive.

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4. Three grades of concussion:

Grade 1 (Mild) Grade 2 (Moderate) Grade 3 (Severe)1st ConcussionMay return to play if no symptoms occur during rest or exertion for one week.

1st ConcussionReturn to play if no symptoms occur during rest or exertion for one week.

1st ConcussionNo participation for at least one month. May return to play if no symptoms occur during rest or exertion for one week.

2nd ConcussionReturn to play in two weeks if no symptoms occur during rest or exertion for one week.

2nd ConcussionNo participation for at least one month. May return to play if no symptoms occur during rest or exertion for one week. Consider terminating season.

2nd ConcussionTerminate season; return to play possible next season.

3rd ConcussionTerminate season; return to play possible next season.

3rd ConcussionTerminate season; return to play possible next season.

5. Kyphosis: commonly called humpback or hunchback; an exaggerated posterior convex curvature of the thoracic spine. A person with kyphosis has rounded shoulders, forward thrust of head, and possibly flat chest.

6. Lordosis: commonly called swayback; abnormal anterior convex curvature of the lumbar spine. A person with lordosis will have tightness in the lower back muscles and possibly weak abdominal muscles.

7. Scoliosis: lateral curvature of the spine, which can be aggravated by some sports such as baseball and high jumping. A person with scoliosis may have unequal leg length and uneven shoulder height.

8. Spondylolysis is a defect in the vertebrae caused by repeated stress from hyperextension. If the vertebrae slip forward as a result of this repeated stress, spondylolisthesis occurs.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. a. autonomic 2. hematoma aurisb. parasympathetic 3. otitis externa, external ear canalc. sympathetic 4. contusion, raccoon’s eyesd. parasympathetic 5. orbital fracture, directe. somatic 6. conjunctivitisf. sympathetic 7. hyphemag. sympathetic 8. styh. parasympathetic 9. cartilage, nostrilsi. parasympathetic 10. epistaxisj. sympathetic 11. teeth displaced, fractured, knocked out

MATCHING

1. i 6. b

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2. g 7. c3. j 8. a4. h 9. d5. f 10. e

TRUE/FALSE

1. F 6. F2. F 7. F3. F 8. F4. T 9. T5. T 10. F

LABELING

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Chapter 16: Injuries to the Upper Extremities

SHORT ANSWER

1. Nine anatomical movements of the shoulder girdle:a. extensionb. abductionc. adductiond. external rotatione. internal rotationf. horizontal abductiong. horizontal adductionh. circumductioni. flexion

2. Four main muscles affecting movement of the shoulder girdle: trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior, and pectoralis major.

3. Four muscles that protect the glenohumeral join: subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and supraspinatus (SITS).

4. Shoulder fracture: percussion test, compression testSprain: sulcus test, apprehension test, acromioclavicular sprain test, sternoclavicular sprain testStrain: drop arm testImpingement: Hawkins-Kennedy test, winged scapula testTendonitis: Speed’s test

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. humerus, glenoid fossa2. rotator cuff

MATCHING

1. e 5. g2. f 6. h3. a 7. d4. b 8. c

TRUE/FALSE

1. F2. F3. T4. T5. T

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WORD SCRAMBLE

1. distraction2. Volkmanns contracture3. carpal tunnel4. rotator cuff5. Tinel’s sign

ASSESSMENT CHECK-OFF

Answers will vary.

CROSSWORD PUZZLE

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