Which words arethe hardest? Focus on thetough ones!

Student:______________________

Date:______________________

Teacher: Marijana Nikolic

BLOGGERSBy: mnSource: http://www.examenglish.com/CAE/cae_reading4.htm

Vocabulary

Directions: Study the following keywords and definintions.1. take up -(pv) - begin a new activity2. account -(n) - A record or statement of business transactions.3. alternative -(n) - Something that can be chosen over something else.*4. efficiency -(n) - Doing work with the least waste of time, money and effort.5. efficient -(adj) - Works without using extra energy and without waste.6. expand -(v) - To increase in range or scope.7. expense -(n) - Using money or other resources, e.g., time or energy.*8. reliant -(adj) - Depending on someone or something.9. diverting -(v) - To distract someone; turn one's mind away from usual thoughts.

10. allocation -(n) - An amount of something (usually money) set aside for a special purpose.11. enables -(v) - Make it possible to do something.*12. ooze -(v) - To move slowly, like a thick liquid.*13. viable -(adj) - Able to live or exist without outside help.14. adapt -(v) - Change something to make it fit.15. available -(adj) - Ready, accessible.16. get on with -(pv) - Continue; start doing something again.17. declines -(v) - Become less.18. obtain -(v) - Get.19. essential -(adj) - Needed.20. poverty -(n) - The state of being poor.21. freight -(n) - Things that are moved by ship, plane, truck or train.22. convinced -(v) - To make someone believe.

Reading

Directions: Read the following passage carefully.http://www.examenglish.com/CAE/cae_reading4.htm

AHoward Bloom, Author:

Even though most people are convinced that peak oil has already passed, to me, peak oil is just a hypothesis. There is a theory thatcarbon molecules can be found in interstellar gas clouds, comets and in space ice, and if this is the case, our planet could ooze oil forever. And even if we stay earthbound, those who say we have raped the planet of all its resources are wrong. There's a huge stock ofraw materials we haven't yet learned to use. There are bacteria two miles beneath our feet which can turn solid granite into food. Ifbacteria can do it, surely we creatures with brains can do it better. As far as the near future of energy is concerned, I believe the mostpromising alternative fuels are biofuels, such as ethanol. It's an alcohol made from waste products such as the bark of trees, woodchips,and other 'waste materials'. And that's not the only waste that can create energy. My friend in the biomass industry is perfecting anenergy-generation plant which can run on human waste. We produce that in vast quantities, and it's already gathered in centralisedlocations.

BMichael Lardelli, Lecturer in Genetics at The University of Adelaide

Nothing exists on this planet without energy. It enables flowers and people to grow and we need it to mine minerals, extract oil or cutwood and then to process these into finished goods. So the most fundamental definition of money is as a mechanism to allow theexchange and allocation of different forms of energy. Recently, people have been using more energy than ever before. Until 2005 it waspossible to expand our energy use to meet this demand. However, since 2005 oil supply has been in decline, and at the same time, andas a direct result of this, the world's economy has been unable to expand, leading to global recession. With the world's energy and theprofitability of energy production in decline at the same time, the net energy available to support activities other than energy procurementwill decrease. We could increase energy production by diverting a large proportion of our remaining oil energy into building nuclearpower stations and investing in renewable forms of energy. However, this is very unlikely to happen in democratic nations, because it

would require huge, voluntary reductions in living standards. Consequently, the world economy will continue to contract as oil productiondeclines. With energy in decline, it will be impossible for everyone in the world to become wealthier. One person's increased wealth canonly come at the expense of another person's worsened poverty.

CJeroen van der Veer, chief executive of Royal Dutch Shell

People are understandably worried about a future of growing energy shortages, rising prices and international conflict for supplies.These fears are not without foundation. With continued economic growth, the world's energy needs could increase by 50% in the next 25years. However, I do not believe that the world is running out of energy. Fossil fuels will be able to meet growing demand for a long timein the future. Taking unconventional resources into account, we are not even close to peak oil. The priority for oil companies is toimprove efficiency, by increasing the amount of oil recovered from reservoirs. At present, just over a third is recovered. We can alsoimprove the technology to control reservoir processes and improve oil flow. However, these projects are costly, complex and technicallydemanding, and they depend on experienced people, so it is essential to encourage young people to take up a technical career in theenergy industry. Meanwhile, alternative forms of energy need to be made economically viable. International energy companies have thecapability, the experience and the commercial drive to work towards solving the energy problem so they will play a key role. But it is notas simple as merely making scientific advances and developing new tools; the challenge is to deliver the technology to peopleworldwide. Companies will need to share knowledge and use their ideas effectively.

DCraig Severance, blogger

What will it take to end our oil addiction? It's time we moved on to something else. Not only are world oil supplies running out, but whatoil is still left is proving very dirty to obtain. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred precisely because the easy-to-obtain oil is alreadytapped. If we don't kick oil now, we will see more disasters as oil companies move to the Arctic offshore and clear more forests. Thecheap petroleum is gone; from now on, we will pay steadily more and more for our oil — not just in dollars, but in the biological systemsthat sustain life on this planet. The only solution is to get on with what we will have to do anyway - end our dependence on it! There aremany instances in which oil need not be used at all. Heat and electricity can be produced in a multitude of other ways, such as solarpower or natural gas. The biggest challenge is the oil that is used in transportation. That doesn't mean the transportation of goodsworldwide, it's the day-to-day moving around of people. It means we have to change what we drive. The good news is that it's possible.There are a wide range of fuel efficient cars on offer, and the number of all-electric plug-in cars is set to increase. For long distancetravel and freight, the solution to this is to look to rail. An electrified railway would not be reliant upon oil, but could be powered by solar,geothermal, hydro, and wind sources. There is a long way to go, but actions we take now to kick our oil addiction can help us adapt to aworld of shrinking oil supplies.

Comprehension Questions

Directions: Read the following questions and answer each one to the best of your ability.1. Which writer: 1. believes oil will be available for many more years

2. believes that from now on, less oil is available?

3. believes there are ways to obtain energy that we have not yet discovered

4. sees a great potential in natural fuels

5. believes the fuel crisis will cause the poor to become poorer

6. sees energy and the economy as intrinsically linked

7. believes we should reduce our dependance on oil immediately

8. believes that people need to be attracted to working in the energy industry

9. believes that it is unlikely that governments will invest a lot of money into alternative energy

10. believes that future oil recovery will lead to more environmental disasters

11. believes that better technology can help to maintain oil production levels

12. thinks that oil companies are responsible for developing other types of energy

13. recognises that inventions that can help to prevent an energy crisis are already available

14. believes we can use our rubbish to create energy

Focus on Grammar

There are 3 cases for the simple future:1. Predict: "Will" and "Going to" are the same when

the speaker believes something will happen: "TheYankees will win." is the same as "The Yankees aregoing to win."

2. Plan: To describe a plan, we usually use "going to":"We are going to see a movie tonight. "

3. Willingness: For something we agree to do (orsomeone else agrees to do) we use will: "Don't

Rule: The suffix er adds "one who" to the meaning of a word, like driver.

worry about dinner; I will cook. "How is the simple future in the sentence(s) below?

Directions: Identify how the simple_future is used in the sentence(s) below1. With energy in decline, it will be impossible for everyone in the world to become wealthier.

2. With energy in decline, it will be impossible for everyone in the world to become wealthier.

3. International energy companies have the capability, the experience and the commercial drive to work towards solving the energyproblem so they will play a key role.

4. Consequently, the world economy will continue to contract as oil production declines.

5. DCraig Severance, blogger What will it take to end our oil addiction?

Word Roots & Stems

Directions: Identify the word that ends with -er in each sentence and write it on the line.1. DCraig Severance, blogger What will it take to end our oil addiction?

Directions: Fill in the blanks below, just as in the models.

actor act + or Denzel Washigton is her favorite actor. fighter ____________ ________________________________________________ dancer ____________ ________________________________________________ builder ____________ ________________________________________________ painter ____________ ________________________________________________ teacher teach + er My teacher gives us a lot of homework.

Vocabulary Practice FILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

take up account alternative efficiency efficient expandexpense reliant diverting allocation enables oozeviable adapt available get on with declines obtainessential poverty freight convinced

1. That's enough rest, we have to _______________ work.

2. His interest in video games _______________ as his interest in girls increased.

A. take upB. accountC. alternativeD. efficiencyE. efficientF. expandG. expenseH. reliantI. diverting

J. allocationK. enablesL. oozeM. viableN. adaptO. availableP. get on withQ. declinesR. obtainS. essentialT. povertyU. freightV. convinced

3. As the business grew their product line _______________ed and now they sell everything.

4. Water is _______________ for life.

5. He had to _______________ his diet to his new country.

6. The hotel has rooms _______________ that week.

7. All the company's _______________s were lost in the fire.

8. Turn on the TV; that will _______________ the children while we cook dinner.

9. The truck carries _______________ from city to city.

10. Subways _______________ people to move around the city quickly and easily.

11. The airline is not _______________ and needs government help.

12. The audience _______________d out of the theater.

13. Small cars are more _______________ than big cars.

14. Better _______________ is the goal of machines and businesses.

15. We can eat Chinese food, or, as an _______________, French.

16. I want to _______________ tennis.

17. Rent is a big _______________ for businesses.

18. He _______________ed a degree in engineering.

19. The company makes a monthly _______________ for healthcare.

20. He _______________ the police that he was home at the time of the murder.

21. Every country in the world has some _______________.

22. She is _______________ on her parents for money while she is in college.

MATCHING

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to alsodraw a line between the definition and the matching word.

23. _______ Continue; start doing something again.

24. _______ Become less.

25. _______ To increase in range or scope.

26. _______ Needed.

27. _______ Change something to make it fit.

28. _______ Ready, accessible.

29. _______ A record or statement of business transactions.

30. _______ To distract someone; turn one's mind away from usual thoughts.

31. _______ Things that are moved by ship, plane, truck or train.

32. _______ Make it possible to do something.*

33. _______ Able to live or exist without outside help.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

34. _______ To move slowly, like a thick liquid.*

35. _______ Works without using extra energy and without waste.

36. _______ Doing work with the least waste of time, money and effort.

37. _______ Something that can be chosen over something else.*

38. _______ begin a new activity

39. _______ Using money or other resources, e.g., time or energy.*

40. _______ Get.

41. _______ An amount of something (usually money) set aside for a special purpose.

42. _______ To make someone believe.

43. _______ The state of being poor.

44. _______ Depending on someone or something.

WRITE YOUR OWN SENTENCES

Directions: For each of the words in the box, write an original sentence using the word. Circle thevocabulary word in each sentence. Be sure to write a sentence that would help the reader betterunderstand the meaning of the word.

take up account alternative efficiency efficient expandexpense reliant diverting allocation enables oozeviable adapt available get on with declines obtainessential poverty freight convinced

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

LESSON:Aim: Grade: Adult Subject: Prepared by: Marijana Nikolic

Objectives:Students will be able to understand, pronounce, and use the words in the vocabulary list below.Students will be able to demonstrate comprehension of the passage by answering questions which require basic understanding andinterpretation of the content.

Standards addressed:

Vocabulary:1. take up 2. account 3. alternative 4. efficiency 5. efficient 6. expand7. expense 8. reliant 9. diverting 10. allocation 11. enables 12. ooze13. viable 14. adapt 15. available 16. get on with 17. declines 18. obtain19. essential 20. poverty 21. freight 22. convinced

Activity Description Differentiation Guide Assessment

Introduction of vocabulary Introduce the new words fromthe vocabulary list in above(see Objectives) by modelingpronunciation, individual andchoral repitition.Review defintionsSample Questioning:

In your own words, explainthe definition.Who can think of a timewhen this word might beused?Can you use this word in asentence?What’s the antonym(opposite) of this word?

When appropriate, givedifferent types of learners anopportunity to write down thenew words, associate a visualimage to cue to understandingof the word, or develop aphysical action to increase thestudent’s ability to rememberthe new words.

ALL Students will be able toincrease their understandingand awareness of the newwords.SOME Students will beasked to orally demonstrateknowledge of new words.

Reading & ComprehensionQuestions

Students will read the passagesof and demonstratecomprehension of the contentby question.

Depending on the population:Read the entire passage aloud,to model phrasing and fluency.Pause at key moments andmodel good reading strategiesthrough a think aloud. Askstudents to volunteer to readparts of the passage aloud.Instruct students to read thepassage silently and completethe questions independently,while working with students whoneed more literacy help. Askstudents to complete thequestions by doing Think, Pair,Share

ALL Students will read thepassage or follow along as thepassage is read. ALL Studentswill strive to demonstratecomprehension of the passageby answering the questions.SOME students will be given anopportunity to share theiranswer aloud.

Grammar Students will review the usageof and then identifysimple_present in sentencesfrom the reading. Students willwrite 5 original sentences usingsimple_present.

Give students need time towork on completing their ownpractice sentences for thegrammatical structure. Inviteearly finishers to put theirsentences on the board orchallenge them to not only usethe grammar structure, but alsoinclude the vocabulary from thelesson in their sentences.

ALL Students will be able todemonstrate an increasedmastery of the grammarstructure by independentlywriting sentences that correctlyemploy simple_present.

Word Building: Roots andStems

Students will be encouraged totake away a word-attackstrategy from this lesson byreviewing -y, which was used inthe reading.

Students may benefit fromhaving time to complete thisportion of the worksheetindividually or in pairs.

ALL students will be able torecognize the suffix -y andunderstand The suffix ychanges a noun into anadjective, like dirty..

Practicing New Vocabulary Students will be given a chanceto practice applying newvocabulary by completing clozesentences.

Students complete this sectionof worksheet independentlyprior to group review of theanswers. When appropriate,have students work in pairs orsmall groups.

ALL Students will increase theirfamiliarity with the newvocabulary and their ability tosuccessfully use these newwords in context. Students whoget more than two of the clozesentences wrong should beasked do other reinforcement(i.e. flash cards).

Summary Instructor will review theobjectives of the lesson with theclass a whole.

The summary can becompleted as quick discussionor by asking student tosummarize in their notes.

Example quick assess: 3 newpieces of information from text,2 new words, 1 question aboutwhat they learned.

Fill-in-the-blank Answer Key:1) get on with 2) declined 3) expand 4) essential 5) adapt 6) available 7) account 8) divert 9) freight 10) enable 11) viable 12) ooze 13) efficient14) efficiency 15) alternative 16) take up 17) expense 18) obtain 19) allocation 20) convinced 21) poverty 22) reliant

Matching Answer Key:A. -16B. -7C. -15D. -14E. -13F. -3G. -17H. -22I. -8J. -19K. -10L. -12M. -11N. -5O. -6P. -1Q. -2R. -18S. -4T. -21U. -9V. -20