BLANE CHESNUTCHRIS DONNELLY

ADAM RASMUSSENJOHN PRITCHARD

ZACH BRUCE

ADVISOR:DR. AHMED E . KAMAL

Wireless Bear TrackingGroup: SDMay1010

Agenda

Project BackgroundNetwork StructureHardware

VHF GPS Power Microcontroller Chassis

Test CasesSchedule and Cost

Project Description

Wildlife Research Institute (Ely, MN)Locate and track black bearsGPS solution with a transmitter to relay

information on locationClient: Digi International

3

Requirements vs. Wishes

Requirements Wishes

Track Black Bears Up to 1 year battery life

Report location every 10-15 minutes

Instantaneous tracking of bears

Wide temperature range/Weatherproof

Rechargeable

Strong and durable chassis/case to withstand bear’s abuse

Software End User interface (Google Maps)

Coverage of 25 miles x 10 miles Smart Device (power management, accelerometer , temp sensor, etc.)

Smaller than 4” x 3” x 1” Secure Communication

Prototypes to Field Test by April

4

Solution Overview

GPS Unit on bear collars

Collar transmit GPS location via VHF frequency to land-based routing units

Routing units relay collar location information to a remote end user

Assumptions

Lower frequency signals travel through dense tree cover more easily than higher frequency signals

Collar will communicate well with the routerSimulations are realistic and accurateResearchers will learn to use new technologyDigi will fund project materials

6

Market and Literature Survey

LandAirSea Use a lithium battery Release mechanism for remote disconnection

BlueSky Telemetry Designed to function in a canyon environment where

sky view is limited.Telonics

Uses 164MHz frequencySPOT Satellite Messenger

Incorporates satellite tracking ($160/unit/year)

Risk Management

Signal may not propagate in woodsNew technology may confuse researchersTeam member injury during

testing/fabricatingAll Electrical Engineering team membersComponent damage during fabricationDesign is incorrect and requires rework

Network Structure

Network Structure

Time Division MultiplexingUse GPS time to synchronize NetworkFrame repeats every 15 minutesStatic Allocation: 40 collars, 6 routersRouters use a location-based routing schemeMessage includes: UnitID, GPS Location, and Time

Network State Diagram

Ideal Tx/Rx

Unit does not receive verification from router.Unit can’t receive GPS signal.

System Overview

GPS Patch Antenna

Transceiver ADF7021

PICU-blox GPS

Power Electronics

3.3 V 3.3 V 3.3 V

Battery 6V

VHF Antenna

Power Amplifier

PC

USB

5 V

RF Switch

3.3 V

Frequency Selection

License Free Band 176-216 MHz Output Power limited to -32 dBm

ISM Bands Closest VHF Band: 40 MHz Allowed high power without license

License band 217-220 MHz Reserved for Educational Institutions as per FCC Title 47

Part 90 Allows up to 50 kHz bandwidth and 2 W output power Client will take care of obtaining license when needed

Transceiver Selection

Radiometrix UHX1Melexis TH7122Analog Devices ADF7021

Frequency Range: 80 to 950 MHz Output Power: -16 to 13 dBm FSK Modulation Data rate: 50 bps to 32.8 kbps Temperature Range: -40 to 85 °C Narrowband Transceiver

VHF Detailed Design

GPS Patch Antenna

Transceiver ADF7021

PICU-blox GPS

Power Electronics

3.3 V 3.3 V 3.3 V

Battery 6V

VHF Antenna

Power Amplifier

PC

USB

5 V

RF Switch

3.3 V

VHF Detailed Design

Transceiver ADF7021

PIC

VHF_TX

VHF_SCLK

VHF_WRITE

VHF_SLE

VHF_CE

VHF_RX

VHF_READ

VHF_SWD

VHF_MUXOUT

RF Switch SKY13270-92LF

ANT_CTL0

ANT_CTL1

3.3 V is high and 0 V is low

Schematic – VHF Transceiver

Title

Size Document Number Rev

Date: Sheet of

<Doc> <RevCode>

VHF Tranciever

A

1 1Sunday, November 29, 2009

3.3 V

L4

39nH

R11.95k

R24.02 k

C31.6 pF

C5100 pF

C0210 pF

C036 pF

L0

39 nH

C113.6 pF

VHF_TX

VHF_CE

VHF_MUXOUT

VHF_WRITE

C72200 pF

VHF_READ

C67 pF

VHF_SCLK

C868 pF

VHF_SWD

C120.1 uF

VHF_RX

C150.01 uF

3.3 V

R33.9 ohm

C22

0.022 uF

VHF_SLE

3.3 V

C190.01 uF

ADF7021

U1

VCOIN1

CREG12

VDD13

RFOUT4

RFGND5

RFIN6

RFINB7

RLNA8

VDD49

RSET10

CREG411

GND412

SLE25SDATA26SREAD27SCLK28GND229ADCIN30CREG231VDD232SWD33TXRXDATA34TXRXCLK35CLKOUT36

MUXO

UT37

OSC2

38OS

C139

VDD3

40CR

EG3

41CP

OUT

42VD

D43

L244

GND

45L1

46GN

D147

CVCO

48MI

X_I

13

MIX_

I_INV

14

MIX_

Q15

MIX_

Q_IN

V16

FILT

_I17

FILT

_I_IN

V18

GND4

19

FILT

_Q20

FILT

_Q_IN

V21

GND4

22

TEST

_A23

CE24

R53.6 kohm

C180.01 uF

HCM49-4.032MABJ-UT

U2

11

22

C200.1 uF

Note: Test Pins. Allowenough pad for probing

C120 pF

C9160 pF

L1

68nH

L210nH

C130.1 uF

C14100 pF

3.3 V

C210.01 uF

3.3 V

PA_IN_EXT

3.3 V

C1091 pF

L3

100nH

C160.1 uF

C170.01 uF

L4

39 nH

C4

10 pF

RF_SW_IN

R41.1 kohm

VHF Detailed Design

RF in and RF out matched to 50 ohms

RF Out RF in

Schematic – VHF

T it le

S iz e Do c u m en t N u m b e r Re v

Da t e : S h e e t o f

<Do c > <Re v Co de >

<T it le >

A

1 1S u n d ay , N o ve m b e r 2 9, 2 00 9

S P A -1 1 18U3

V C C1

V B I A S2

RF I N3

N/ C4

N/ C5

N/ C7

RF O UT / V CC6

N/ C8

S K Y 1 3 27 0 -9 2

U4

J 21

G ND2

J 33

V 24

J 15

V 16

Note: GND is underneathof part package

P A _I N_ E X T

C2 41 8 pF

C2 3

1 0 00 p F

L 5

1 2 nH

R63 9 0 o h m

5 V

L 61 0 0 n H

5 V

L 7

1 5 nH

C2 54 7 pF

C2 61 0 00 p F

C2 72 2 uF

C2 82 2 pF

C2 9

1 0 00 p F

RF _S W _ I N

C3 0

1 0 00 p F

A N T _ CT L 0

A N T _ CT L 1

A N T E N NA

VHF Antenna Selection

Collar Antenna Design 13” Whip Antenna Approximently 1 dBi

Router Antenna Design Yagi Antenna Array Approximently 10 dBi

Radio Coverage

Link Budget Equations

Transceiver Sensitivity: 1E-16 Watts

GPS Module

Trimble Copernicus & Trimble Condor

Ublox NEO-5QAdvantages include

I2C interface, package size, low-power, and lower cost

Kick-start technology means accelerated startup with weak signals

16.0 x 12.2 x 2.4 mm

GPS Antenna

Active Patch Antenna with 16 dB gain

Taoglas- Leader in GPS patch antennas

i-Pex coaxial connector to GPS module

35 x 35 x 4.49 mm

Schematic – GPS Section

Power Consumption

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 200

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Total Power Consumption

Power Consumption

Time (s)

Pow

er

(W)

GPS Tracking (0.466872 W)

GPS Acquisition (0.526902 W)

Data Transmission (2.349096 W)

Idle Power (0.027168 W)

ComponentPeak Max Power (W)

Peak Min Power (W)

GPS 0.36 0

GPS Antenna 0.0228 0

Power Amplifier 1.98 0

PIC 0.09 3.00E-04

Transceiver 0.21 0.000006

EEPROM 0.03 0.000030

3.3V Buck 0.027 0.000066

3.3V Always Buck 0.027 0.000066

5V Buck 0.042 0.000066

TOTAL 2.789 0.000234

Battery

Lithium 3000mAh AA size 4 x 1.5v in series Operating temperature of -

40oC – 60oC Estimated battery life of 14

days

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 201

51

101

151

201

251

301

351

401

Current Consumption vs. Time

3.3V Always3.3V5VPICPATransceiverEEPROM GPSTotal

Time (s)

Curr

ent

Consu

mpti

on (

mA

)

System Overview

GPS Patch Antenna

Transceiver ADF7021

PICU-blox GPS

Power Electronics

3.3 V 3.3 V 3.3 V

Battery 6V

VHF Antenna

Power Amplifier

PC

USB

5 V

RF Switch

3.3 V

Schematic – Power Section

Schematic – PIC Section

Microcontroller choice based on:

• XLP Feature

• No. of Com Ports

• Large Program Memory (64k)

• I/O count

• Price

Model Chosen: PIC18F46J11

Schematic – USB Section

Chassis

Complies with NEMA 1, 2, 4, 4X, 12, 13

Polycarbonate ASTM D790 15,000 psi

Waterproof and durable

Customizable

600 psi

15,000 psi

System Level Test Cases

Tests include 2 Routers & 3 Collar Units

Unit System Level Power Up and Gain GPS Lock Power Down and Power Up after predetermined time

Unit to Router CommunicationRouter to Router CommunicationNetwork Communication

Introduce collars to network at different pointsRouter Initialization

Component test cases described in design document

Schedule

Completed Tasks Project plan and Design Document Technology Selection Detailed Design including all schematics

Remaining Schedule Acquire Materials for Prototype – End: 1/18/09 Assemble Prototypes – End: 3/1/09 End Product Testing – End: 4/19/09

33

Cost Estimates

Item Estimate Cost

VHF Communication $20.00

VHF Antenna $20.00

GPS $100.00

GPS Antenna $15.00

Battery $15.00

Microcontroller $18.00

Connectors $25.00

Printed Wiring Board $40.00

Chassis $17.00

Power Electronics $20.00

Total $290.00

Description Estimated Unit Cost

Estimated Qty

Extended Cost

Prototypes $290.00 5 $1,450

Labor $20.00 900 $18,000

Total $19,450

34

ANY QUESTIONS?

Thank you!