!! Take note - FAT7 will be written on the first Friday when the school starts again!!

It consists of a Comprehension and Term 2’s Language.W

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3&4

20-3

1 Ju

ly

2020 TOPIC: NOVELS

Theme –Classic Literature, Black Beauty

In class: Listening & Speaking – You Tube Video Clips

(Black Beauty Chapter 1-10: Uploaded by Little Fox: Fairy Tales & Classic Stories for Kids) √ 24/7 FORMAL ASSESSMENT TASK 6

Reading & Viewing – Reads and discuss abstracts from Black Beauty (Mrs Roux) Language – New Words, Continuous Tenses & Verbs Writing – How to write a summary 31/7 FORMAL ASSESSMENT TASK 7

Work in New Red Book:Page Work Learners

1 Activity 1A Write down from board2 Worksheet 1 – Part 1 (Anna Sewell) & Part 2 (About the Novel) Read, Paste and do3 Black Beauty, Chapter 12 Read4 Worksheet 2 Paste and do5 Fact Sheet, Black Beauty Characters & Owners Read and write6 A paragraph about Black Beauty Write7 New Words Paste in

Word Search Paste and do8 Continuous Tenses – Rules and Worksheet Write down from board and do9 Verbs – Rules and Worksheet Paste in and do

10 Book Review Paste and do11 Ginger Paste and do12 Write your own summary – Rules and Paragraph Write and decorate13 Column summary – own, from video clips Paste in

Activity 1a I think the novel is about a horse.

The main message of this novel is that humans and animals should be treated alike. Faith and trust are much better than cruelty.

Discuss the social, moral and cultural values in the textMoral Social CulturalTreat all animals kindly. If animals are not treated kindly, they will hurt you back.

The novel addresses several social issues like class barriers, slavery and animal rights awareness

Black Beauty endures kind masters and mean, selfish ones.

I like / don’t like horses because …

BLACK BEAUTY : A SUMMARY

Black Beauty is a novel written by Anna Sewell Anna Sewell was born on March 30, 1820, in Yarmouth, England. She was educated at home by her mother, a religious Quaker and successful writer of moral tales for children. As a young girl, Anna Sewell injured her ankle and was unable to walk long distances. Horse-drawn carriages allowed her to travel more easily, and she developed strong feelings for the horses that led them. Sewell formed definite opinions about proper care for horses, opinions that contradicted some common practices of her era.

She wrote her only novel, Black Beauty, to encourage children and others who handle horses to pay attention to how horses are treated. The novel is largely didactic—Sewell provides a great deal of information about how to care for horses and what happens when they are mistreated. Heavily influenced by her mother's work and beliefs in basic Christian doctrine, she combines humane and attentive horse care with a sense of godliness. Sewell may have based the character of Black Beauty on a black horse named Bess, which belonged to her family. Because of continuing poor health, Sewell spent about six years writing Black Beauty.

Sewell died on April 25, 1878, within months of the novel's publication in 1877. Black Beauty was a remarkable success and has continued to be a top-selling children's book for more than 100 years. Sewell's love of horses and passion for animal rights make it a thought-provoking text for children of all ages as well as adults

The original Black Beauty Book has four parts and 49 chapters The novel traces the life and adventures of Black Beauty, a horse in 19th-century England. It opens with Beauty's descriptions of his life as a colt (young horse) in the home of a kind master named Farmer Grey. He runs and plays in the meadow and receives lectures from his mother, Duchess, about the importance of being kind and gentle and never biting or kicking - basically the horse equivalent of an English gentleman.

When he is two years old, Beauty witnesses a hunting party going after a hare and the tragic death of one of the riders in a fall from his horse. The horse, also injured, is put down. The experience frightens him.

When Beauty turns four, Farmer Grey trains him to carry riders on his back and pull carriages. After being sent to a neighbour’s pasture near the train station to get used to the sounds of the road, Beauty is sold to Squire Gordon at Birtwick Hall. This is where he gets his name; other than a white star on his forehead and a white hoof, his coat is shiny black.

At Birtwick, Beauty meets and befriends the other horses in the stable: Merrylegs, Ginger and Sir Oliver. Squire Gordon and his coachman, John, are kind men who believe in treating horses well, and Beauty's work with them is humane and happy until the Gordons must move to a warmer climate for Mrs. Gordon's health.

Beauty is sold to a number of different homes, from Earlshall Park, a fashionable home where his mistress, Lady Anne, works her horses hard, to a stable that rents out carriages and finally to a London cab driver named Jerry Barker, the first really kind master Beauty has after leaving Birtwick. His other masters and stable managers overwork him, neglect his care and hygiene and even steal from his oats.

After Jerry becomes sick and needs to leave the cab business, Beauty gets sold to a corn dealer and then to another cab driver who is lazy and treats his horses unkindly. When Beauty collapses from overwork, he's sold at auction to a kind farmer who nurses him back to health before selling him to the Blomefields, who were neighbours of the Gordons. Under the care of their groom, who had once been a stable lad at Birtwick, Beauty lives out the remainder of his days in a kind and loving home.

Part 1: Anna Sewell1. When and where was Anna Sewell born?

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2. Why could Anna not walk long distances?

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3. What allowed her to travel more easily?

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4. Why did she write the novel Black Beauty?

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5. How long did it take her to write this novel?

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6. When did she died and how old was she?

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Part 2: About the Novel7. How many chapters does the novel have?

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8. What is the story about?

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9. What lesson does his mother teach him?

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10. Farmer Grey was Beauty’s first owner. To whom did he sell him?

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11. Why did the Gordons have to leave Birtwick Hall?

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12. In what bad way did some of Beauty’s owners treat him?

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13. What was the surname of Beauty’s last owners?

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14. Did the story end well? Explain.

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Memorandum

1. Anna Sewell was born on 30 March 1820 in Yarmouth England.2. As a young girl Anna injured her ankle and was unable to walk long distances.3. Horse-drawn carriages allowed her to travel more easily.4. She wrote the book to encourage children and other who handle horses to pay attention to how horses

are treated.5. It took her six years to complete the book.6. She died on 25 April 1878 when she was 58 years old.7. The original black Beauty Book has four parts and 49 chapters.8. The novel traces the life and adventures of Black Beauty, a horse in 19th-century England.9. His mother, Duchess, taught him about the importance of being kind and gentle and never bite or kick -

basically the horse equivalent of an English gentleman.

10. Squire Gordon11. The Gordons had to move to a warmer climate for Mrs. Gordon's health.12. His other masters and stable managers overwork him, neglect his care and hygiene and even steal from

his oats. Some worked him hard and others were lazy and treated horses unkindly. Beauty collapsed from overwork.

13. The Blomefields14. The Blomefields were neighbours of the Gordons and under the care of the Blomefields groom, who

had once been a stable lad at Birtwick, Beauty lived out the remainder of his days in a kind and loving home.

Understanding Black BeautyPart I. Order of Events

Place the following actions in the story in the correct order by writing 1 in front of the first thing that

happened, 2 in front of the second thing that happened, and so on.

A. _____________ John got out of the cart

B. _____________ The man from the toll-gate yelled about the bridge.

C. _____________ Black Beauty and the cart reached the bridge.

D. _____________ John and the master knew that Black Beauty kept them from drowning.

E. _____________ Black Beauty stopped and wouldn’t cross.

Part II. Short Answer

Answer each question below.

1 What did the master do when Black Beauty wouldn’t go across the bridge?

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2. When did Black Beauty know that something was wrong?

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3. What had happened to the bridge?

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4. What did the man from the toll-gate wave?

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5. Was it John or the master who first knew something was wrong?

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Vocabulary in Black BeautyI. Vocabulary Match

Match each word in Column A with its meaning in Column B

Column A Column B

1. ____________ crossroads A. violent or intense

2. ____________ lulled B. part of a harness for a horse

3. ____________ furious C. sent to sleep

4. ____________ pace D. quieter

5. ____________ stiller E. a light or lamp

6. ____________ torch F. a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle

7. ____________ bridle G. steady or continuous speed

8. ____________ dog-cart H. intersection of two streets or lanes

Part II. Which Meaning?

Below are words from the passage. Each word has at least two meanings; circle the meaning for the words

as it is used in the passage.

1. Stir

A. barely move B. move a spoon through a bowl

2. Mad

A. angry B. insane

3. Current

A. movement of a body of water or air B. belonging to the present time

4. Chaise

A. a carriage pulled by a horse B. a reclining chair

5. Dare

A. challenge someone to do something B. have courage to do

Black Beauty: Find the Supporting EvidenceBelow is one of the main ideas of the passage. Write three ideas from the passages that support this main

idea. Black Beauty knew the bridge was dangerous.

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M E M O R A N D U M

Black Beauty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Beauty

First edition, Jarrold and Sons, LondonAuthor Anna SewellCountry United Kingdom

Language English

Genre Children's literaturePublisher Jarrold & Sons

Publication date 24 November 1877Pages 255Text Black Beauty at Wikisource

Black Beauty: His Grooms and Companions, the Autobiography of a Horse is an 1877 novel by English author Anna Sewell. It was composed in the last years of her life, during which she remained in her house as an invalid. The novel became an immediate best-seller, with Sewell dying just five months after its publication, but having lived long enough to see her only novel become a success. With fifty million copies sold, Black Beauty is one of the best-selling books of all time.

While forthrightly teaching animal welfare, it also teaches how to treat people with kindness, sympathy, and respect. In 2003, the novel was listed at number 58 on the BBC's survey The Big Read. It is seen as a forerunner of the pony book.

Plot summary

The story is narrated in the first person as an autobiographical memoir told by the titular horse named Black Beauty—beginning with his carefree days as a colt on an English farm with his mother, to his difficult life pulling cabs in London, to his happy retirement in the country. Along the way, he meets with many hardships and recounts many tales of cruelty and kindness. Each short chapter recounts an incident in Black Beauty's life containing a lesson or moral typically related to the kindness, sympathy, and understanding treatment of horses, with Sewell's detailed observations and extensive descriptions of horse behaviour lending the novel a good deal of verisimilitude.[1]

The book describes conditions among London horse-drawn taxicab drivers, including the financial hardship caused to them by high licence fees and low, legally fixed fares. A page footnote in some editions says that soon after the book was published, the difference between 6-day taxicab licences (not allowed to trade on Sundays) and 7-day taxicab licences (allowed to trade on Sundays) was abolished and the taxicab licence fee was much reduced.

Analysis

Sewell uses anthropomorphism in Black Beauty. The text advocates fairer treatment of horses in Victorian England. The story is narrated from Black Beauty's perspective and resultantly readers arguably gained insight into how horses suffered through their use by human beings with restrictive technical objects like the "bearing rein" and "blinkers" as well as procedures like cutting off the tails of the horses. For instance, Ginger describes the physical effects of the "bearing rein" to Black Beauty, by stating, "... it is dreadful... your neck aching until you don’t know how to bear it... its hurt my tongue and my jaw and the blood from my tongue covered the froth that kept flying from my lips".[7] Tess Coslett highlights that Black Beauty's story is structured in a way that makes him similar to those he serves. The horses in the text have reactions as well as emotions and characteristics, like love and loyalty, which are similar to those of human beings. Coslett emphasises that, while Black Beauty is not the first book written in the style of an animal autobiography, it is a novel that "allows the reader to slide in and out of horse-consciousness, blurring the human/animal divide".[8]

Reception

Upon publication of the book, many readers related to the pain of the victimised horses, sympathised and ultimately wanted to see the introduction of reforms that would improve the well-being of horses. Two years after the release of the novel, one million copies of Black Beauty were in circulation in the United States.[9] In addition, animal rights activists would habitually distribute copies of the novel to horse drivers and to people in stables.[10] The depiction of the "bearing rein" in Black Beauty spurred so much outrage and empathy from readers that its use was not only abolished in Victorian England, but public interest in anti-cruelty legislation in the United States also grew significantly. The arguably detrimental social practices concerning the use of horses in Black Beauty inspired the development of legislation in various states that would condemn such abusive behaviours towards animals.[11] The impact of the novel is still very much recognised today. Writing in the Encyclopaedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare, Bernard Unti calls Black Beauty "the most influential anticruelty novel of all time".[12] Comparisons have also been made between Black Beauty and the most important social protest novel in the United States, Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, on account of the strong degree of outrage and protest action that both novels triggered in society.[11]

Characters

Horses

Darkie (Black Beauty)/Black Auster/Jack/Blackie/Old Crony — The narrator of the story, a handsome black horse. He begins his career as a carriage horse for wealthy people but when he "breaks his knees" (i.e. develops scars on the fronts of his wrist (carpal) joints after a bad fall) he is no longer considered presentable enough and is put too much harder work. He passes through the hands of a series of owners, some cruel, some kind. He always tries his best to serve humans despite the circumstances.

Duchess (nicknamed "Pet") — Beauty's and Rob Roy's mother, who encourages Beauty to be good from a young age.

Rob Roy — A fellow black horse from Beauty's original farm, who is killed in a hunting incident (along with his rider, Squire Gordon's only son). It is later learned that he was Beauty's half-brother, an older son of Duchess.

Lizzie — A high-strung, nervous mare whom Lady Anne rides one day and is spooked until Black Beauty comes to her aid with his rider.

Ginger — a companion of Beauty's at Birtwick Park, she is named for her chestnut colour and her habit of biting, which is often how the spice, ginger, is described. Ginger is a more aggressive horse due to her traumatic upbringing. After being ridden by Lord George in a steeplechase her back is strained. Beauty and Ginger meet for the last time as broken-down cab horses in London, and later a cart carrying a dead horse (whom Beauty believes is Ginger), passes by Beauty.

Merrylegs — A short, dappled grey, handsome pony who is polite to humans and horses alike. He is ridden by the young daughters at Birtwick Park, and then sent to live with a vicar who promises never to sell him.

Sir Oliver — an older horse whose tail was docked, to his great annoyance and discomfort. Rory — a job horse usually paired with Black Beauty. Became a coal carting horse after getting hit in the

chest by a cart driven on the wrong side of the road. Peggy — A hired horse who cannot run very fast due to her short legs. She runs at an odd hopping pace

between a trot and a canter when expected to keep pace with other horses at a fast trot. When paired with a faster horse to pull a carriage she often gets whipped for not keeping up. Sold to two ladies who wanted a safe horse.

Unnamed young horse — paired with Beauty after Peggy leaves. Often frightened by things he cannot see as he does not know whether they are dangerous or not.

Captain — A former army horse who witnessed horrific incidents in the Crimean War, although he was well treated and received no serious wounds. He lost his beloved master in the Charge of the Light Brigade. He became a cab horse for Jerry, where he works with Black Beauty. After a penetrating

shoulder injury from a carriage pole due to a collision with a carriage whose driver was drunk, Jerry has him shot rather than send him to work as a cart horse.

Hotspur — A five-year-old horse bought to replace Captain. Jerry sells him to Grant when he leaves London.

Justice — calm peaceful horse that Beauty meets at Birtwick Park.

Beauty's owners

Part 1

Farmer Grey – Beauty's first owner, a good kind man who trains him well. Mr. Douglas Gordon (Squire Gordon) – A very kind and loving master who was also the squire. Lives

in Birtwick Park. Has to sell Beauty and Ginger when he leaves the country because of his wife's illness.

Mr. John Manly – Black Beauty's groom at Squire Gordon's. Mr. James Howard – John Manly's assistant at Squire Gordon's. He leaves to work as a coachman

for Sir Clifford Williams. Mr. Joseph Greene (Joe) – A kind boy who replaces James at Squire Gordon's hall. Beauty becomes

seriously ill after little Joe gives Beauty a pail of cold water to drink and then assumes Beauty does not need a blanket, all after a long, exhausting gallop.

Bill — A boy who keeps thrashing and whipping a pony to attempt to make him jump a fence. Mrs. Bushby — Bill's mother who is worried when she hears that he fell into a bush.

Part 2

Earl of W – Purchases Beauty and Ginger from Squire Gordon. Lives in Earlshall Park. Lady W – Wife of Lord W. Demands that Beauty and Ginger wear bearing reins to hold their heads

up high. When York tries to comply with Lady W's order Ginger lashes out, kicking everything around her.

Mr York – Earl of W's coachman. He treats the horses kindly, but is scared to speak for the horses. Reuben Smith – A first rate driver who can treat a horse as well as a farrier, due to spending two

years with a veterinary surgeon, and being an ostler at an inn. Unfortunately he occasionally drinks heavily. Though York tries to hide this problem, the Earl finds out and fires Reuben. York later convinces the Earl to rehire him. After taking Colonel Blantyre to town Reuben gets drunk in the White Lion, then rides Beauty back to Earlshall Park. Due to a loose nail in Beauty's shoe, which Reuben was too drunk to care about, Beauty's shoe comes off. Reuben then makes Beauty gallop over sharp stones injuring Beauty's hoof and causing him to stumble. Beauty falls and scrapes his knees, while Reuben is flung off Beauty and dies from the impact.

Master of the livery stables – Buys Beauty and hires him out to people in Bath who wish to rent a horse. Some of the people who rent Beauty are good drivers, most are not.

Mr Barry – Buys Beauty from the livery stables after his friend rents Beauty several times, as his doctor advised him to get more horse exercise. He tries to treat horses well, but hires two bad grooms (a thief and a humbug) due to his lack of knowledge on horse care. Decides to sell Beauty at a horse fair.

Part 3

1. Mr Jeremiah (Jerry) Barker – A kind owner and religious man who uses Beauty and Captain as cab horses. After Captain is injured he buys Hotspur to replace him. Refuses to work on Sunday or force his horses to go beyond a 'jog-trot' through London for customers with poor timekeeping. Though he will break these rules for a good cause. One New Year's Eve, Jerry is kept waiting in blizzard conditions by inconsiderate young men who stayed too long playing cards, contracts bronchitis, and

nearly dies. Jerry's doctor tells him he must not return to cab work. Jerry takes a job with Mrs Fowler as her coachman.

2. Mrs Polly Barker – Wife of Jerry. Always waits up for her husband.3. Mr Harry Barker – Son of Jerry. Helps his father look after the horses.4. Miss Dorothy (Dolly) Barker – Daughter of Jerry. Often brings food to her father.5. Mr (Grey / Governor) Grant – a respected and long serving cab driver. When Jerry is ill he takes out

Hotspur and gives Jerry half the money he makes.

Part 4

Corn dealer / baker Steven– Uses Beauty as a work horse. Works him fairly but due to the poor lighting in Beauty's stable Beauty nearly goes blind.

Foreman – Has Beauty overloaded so that fewer journeys are required to deliver goods. Mr. Jakes – A carter who works for the baker. Dislikes overloading Beauty but cannot go against the

foreman. Makes Beauty work with the bearing rein up until a lady show him that Beauty would find it easier to pull the cart without the bearing rein.

Mr. Nicholas Skinner – A ruthless cab horse owner who charges a high fee for renting cab horses. As a result, the only way the drivers who rent his horse can make money is by overworking the horse, usually by whipping the horse to make it move even when tired. When Beauty collapses from overwork, Skinner plans to send Beauty to a knacker but a farrier convinces him to rest Beauty and sell him at a horse fair. Seedy Sam used to rent horses from him.

Willie — Grandson of Farmer Thoroughgood who wants to help Black Beauty when he comes to the market with his grandfather.

Farmer Thoroughgood – A kind owner who cares for Black Beauty when he is at his weakest. The three ladies – Beauty's final home, where he spends the rest of his days very well treated. The

ladies are Miss Blomefields, Miss Ellen, and Miss Lavinia and are most likely sisters. Joseph (Joe) Greene – Coachman for the three ladies. Recognizes Beauty as the horse that used to

belong to Squire Gordon.

M E M O R A N D U M

Characteristics of Black Beauty

Black Beauty tells his life story from his earliest memories to his "forever home" around the age of 14.

Black Beauty is the narrator of the novel and is a “well-bred and well born”. He's named for his shiny black coat. His handsome black horse with one white foot and a white star on his forehead. The character is possibly based on Sewell’s brother’s beautiful carriage horse Black Bess, or Bessie. He's a well-bred horse. Black Beauty is the son of a wise older mare named Duchess and the grandson

of the winner of a famous race. This horse has a personality and thoughts. Beauty has a gentle, caring personality. Following his mother’s advice always to be good of heart and a hard worker.

His willingness to listen to others.

Beauty is not only beautiful to look at but is a noble, generous, and faithful animal who serves his masters loyally.

In spite of his excellent character, he has multiple owners who do not care for him properly because of ignorance, indifference, or selfishness.

Beauty is called by several names throughout the book, but Black Beauty is his name in his first adult home and in his last.

Beauty learns much about the ways of men, and nearly dies several times because of mistreatment.

In the end, his inherent good nature is rewarded, and he finds a happy home to live out the rest of his days.

Beauty’s gentility and goodness, even during hard times, make him an enduring favourite among readers.

Gr6 – New WordsNew Words – The Book, Black Beauty1. author A writer of a book, article, or document.2. blast a strong gust of wind or air3. bridge A structure carrying a road, path, railway, etc. across a river, road, or other obstacle.4. bridle The headgear used to control a horse, consisting of buckled straps to which a bit and reins are attached.5. caretaker A person employed to look after people or animals.6. cart a strong open vehicle with two or four wheels, typically used for carrying loads and pulled by a horse7. chaise A horse-drawn carriage for one or two people, typically one with an open top and two wheels.8. Classic

LiteratureServing as a standard of excellence : of recognized valueWritten works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.

9. drowned Past tense of drown - die through submersion in and inhalation of water.10. floods Plural of flood - an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is

normally dry land11. furious extremely angry12. harnessed Past tense of harness - put a harness on (a horse or other draught animal)13. lulled To give or lead to feel a false sense of safety; cause to be less alert, aware, or watchful.14. master Historical - a man who has people working for him, especially servants or slaves.15. novel a fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action with some degree of

realism16. squire A man of high social standing who owns and lives on an estate in a rural area, especially the chief landowner

in such an area.17. stir move or cause to move slightly18. trotted Past tense of trot - (with reference to a horse or other quadruped) proceeds or causes to proceed at a pace

faster than a walk, lifting each diagonal pair of legs alternately.19. viewpoint A person's opinion or point of view.20. whip A strip of leather or length of cord fastened to a handle, used for flogging or beating a person or for urging

on an animal.

M E M O R A N D U M

Continuous Tenses

Continuous means ongoing without interruption.

The Continuous tense is divided in:1.Present continuous tense 2.Past continuous tense 3.Future continuous tenseAm / is / are + verb + ing! Was / were + verb + ing! Will / shall + be + verb + ing! It is happening at this

moment. Past tells us that it has already

happened. Continuous tells us that it was

an ongoing action.

Future tells us that it is still going to happen.

Continuous tells us that it will be an ongoing action.

I amHe, she and it isAll the rest are!

I wasHe, she and it wasAll the rest were!

I and we shallAll the rest will!

I am brushing my teeth. I was brushing my teeth. I shall be brushing my teeth.

You are playing piano. She is writing a story. He is riding his bike. They are singing songs. We are spending money

You were playing piano. She was writing a story. He was riding his bike. They were singing songs. We were spending money.

You will be playing piano. She will be writing a story. He will be riding his bike. They

will be singing songs. We shall be spending money

A N S W E R SFuture continuous tense1. I am sure she will be waiting for me.2. Suma will be having her music lessons.3. The child will be sleeping now.4. The boy will be playing with his dog.5. Don’t call them now. They will be having dinner.Past continuous tense6. You were sleeping while I was working.7. The child was playing with his dog.8. It was starting to rain.9. I was hoping to win the first prize.10. The students were preparing for their exam.Present continuous tense 11. Mother is getting ready for office.12. Father is fixing his bicycle.13. I am writing a story.14. The mother is feeding her child.15. Grandmother is telling a story.

Continuous Tenses Exercise

Fill in the blanks with the future continuous form of the verb.

1. I am sure she ……………………………………………………………….. for me. (wait)

2. Suma ……………………………………………………………….. (have) her music lessons.

3. The child ……………………………………………………………….. (sleep) now.

4. The boy ……………………………………………………………….. (play) with his dog.

5. Don’t call them now. They ………………………………………………………………... (have) dinner.

Fill in the blanks with the past continuous form of the verb given in the brackets.

6. You …………………. (sleep) while I …………… (work).

7. The child ……………………………………………………………….. (play) with his dog.

8. It ……………………………………………………………….. (start) to rain.

9. I ……………………………………………………………….. (hope) to win the first prize.

10. The students ………………………………………………………………... (prepare) for their exam.

Fill in the blanks with the present continuous tense form of the verb.

11. Mother ………………………………………………………………... (get) ready for office.

12. Father ……………………………………………………………….. (fix) his bicycle.

13. I ……………………………………………………………….. (write) a story.

14. The mother ……………………………………………………………….. (feed) her child.

15. Grandmother ………………………………………………………………... (tell) a story.

Finite and non-finite verbs

A finite verb is a verb that shows the action in a sentence. It is the main verb in the sentence. It must have a subject, that shows if it is singular or plural and indicate the tense.

A non-finite verb cannot be the main verb in the sentence. It is a participle, an infinitive or a gerund. Gerunds are verbal nouns. they are formed by adding – ing An infinitive begins with “to”, followed by the basic form of the verb.

M E M O R A N D U M

EXERCISES: FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERBS

(E) Underline the finite verbs in the sentences below. Circle the non-finite verbs.1. She worked hard to pass the test.2. He loves camping in the forest.3. I need to go to sleep4. She opened the door5. The teacher encouraged the learners to work hard6. The dog wagged its tail to show happiness7. The sleeping baby was very peaceful8. The learners were asked to finish the project by Friday.

(F) Underline the infinitives in each sentence.1. I am training my puppy to sit.2. Kurt’s dream is to play for Bafana Bafana one day.3. It is not easy to run uphill, even if you are fit.4. It is time to help my brother with his Maths.

(G) Complete the sentences using infinitives of your choice.1. I want to learn how to ride a bike.2. My teacher asked me where I go to buy my fruit.3. Tell me what to do when I am finished with my class work.4. He promised not to make a loud noise when I danced.

(I) The sentences below contain either infinitives or gerunds. Write down which one appears in each sentence.

1. Running is my mother’s favourite sport. G2. She likes to run every day. I3. She has special shoes for running. G4. I like to hike. I5. Hiking is good for your health and fitness. G

EXERCISES: FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERBS

(E) Underline the finite verbs in the sentences below. Circle the non-finite verbs.

1. She worked hard to pass the test.

2. He loves camping in the forest.

3. I need to go to sleep

4. She opened the door

5. The teacher encouraged the learners to work hard

6. The dog wagged its tail to show happiness

7. The sleeping baby was very peaceful

8. The learners were asked to finish the project by Friday.

(F) Underline the infinitives in each sentence.

1. I am training my puppy to sit.

2. Kurt’s dream is to play for Bafana Bafana one day.

3. It is not easy to run uphill, even if you are fit.

4. It is time to help my brother with his Maths.

(G) Complete the sentences using infinitives of your choice.

1. I want to learn how _________________________________________________________

2. My teacher asked me where __________________________________________________

3. Tell me what ______________________________________________________________

4. He promised not ___________________________________________________________

(I) The sentences below contain either infinitives or gerunds. Write down which one appears in each

sentence.

1. Running is my mother’s favourite sport. ____________

2. She likes to run every day. ____________

3. She has special shoes for running. ____________

4. I like to hike. ____________

5. Hiking is good for your health and fitness. ____________

How to write a book reviewUse this frame to help you write a short review:

The story is called:

Title: ...…………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….

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Ginger

Because of his shifts from master to master, Beauty doesn't have a lot of lifelong friends—except one. Ginger is probably Beauty's closest equine friend, and certainly the horse he spends the most time with over the course of the book. Ginger is a beautiful horse, a tall chestnut with a long neck and a white stripe on her face.

But Beauty and Ginger don't really start out on the right foot. In direct contrast to Beauty, who's gentle, willing, and eager to please, Ginger is feisty, quick-tempered, and easily irritated. "So it is you who have turned me out of my box. It is a very strange thing for a colt like you to come and turn a lady out of her own home" (4.12), she says haughtily to Beauty after they meet. When Beauty explains that he didn't mean to displace anyone, she replies, "[…] of course I do not want to have words with a young thing like you" (4.14). Oh, snap.

Beauty's other new stable mate, Merrylegs, explains that Ginger "[…] has a bad habit of biting and snapping" (4.16), which is why she's called Ginger—well, that and the colour of her coat. Merrylegs says that she does it because none of her previous owners ever treated her well.

Ginger's tendency to be high-strung and snappish has its roots in neglect and mistreatment, but underneath that prickly exterior is a horse just as sweet as Beauty or Merrylegs. Ginger's personality serves as a cautionary tale to horse owners: Poor treatment at a young age clearly results in a horse prone to bad habits.

While at Birtwick, however, Ginger mellows out. John Manly, the groom, treats Ginger gently and carefully, and her temper gradually improves. Beauty, paired with her to pull carriages, describes her as a hard worker: "She did her work honestly, and did her full share, and I never wish to have a better partner in double harness" (5.23). After pulling the carriage together, Beauty and Ginger start to become "friendly and sociable" (5.23), and before too long they are swapping life stories.

Ginger's life before Birtwick was one of neglect. She tells Beauty that she "[…] never had any one, horse or man, that was kind to me, or that I cared to please" (7.4). She was taken from her mother at an early age and broken in roughly, an experience she describes as painful and frightening. She felt that her first master only wanted "[…] to wear all the spirit out of me, and just make me into a quiet, humble, obedient piece of horse-flesh" (7.7). Yikes.

This is a far cry from Beauty's childhood, and Ginger is very aware that her past has made her wary and mistrustful of humans. After time spent with a master who used the harsh, unpleasant bearing rein, Ginger tells Beauty she decided "[…] those men were my natural enemies and that I must defend myself" (8.7). Can't say we blame her given what she's been through.

With these honest, painful tales of her upbringing, Ginger earns Beauty's sympathy and they become close friends. When at last they must leave Birtwick, they're sold to Earlshall as a pair of carriage horses, and there, Ginger's irritable nature quickly returns when they're made to wear bearing reins. Sadly, this proves to be her downfall: Overcome with frustration, Ginger fights back one day, injuring herself and several grooms in the process. She's never paired with Beauty again in a carriage, and becomes a riding horse.

Sometime later, she and Beauty are reunited in a field while he is recuperating from his bad injury at the hands of drunken groom Reuben Smith. There, Beauty finds Ginger's been "ruined by hard riding" (27.2). Turned out into the field together, both in poor health, Beauty and Ginger find comfort in their friendship, but Ginger knows it's not for long. "They'll soon take you away," she tells Beauty, "and I shall lose the only friend I have, and most likely we will never see each other again" (27.8). Say it ain't so…

Alas, Ginger's almost right. Beauty is taken away a week later, and they call out to each other as they're separated. Their heart-wrenching separation reminds us that horses don't have any control over staying with their loved ones.

But that's not the last we see of Ginger. Beauty finds her again in London when he's working as a cab horse. They've both fallen on hard times, but it's Ginger who's gotten the worst deal. Beauty describes the changes that have come over her:

[…] the face that was once so full of spirit and life was now full of suffering, and I could tell by the heaving of her sides, and her frequent cough, how bad her breath was. (40.2)

Through no fault of her own, Ginger has been sold down the line, her situation getting worse and worse. Beauty asks why she doesn't stand up for herself anymore, and Ginger tells him it's no use. All the spirit has been driven out of her, and she tells him, "I wish I was dead" (40.7). Beauty is heartbroken, and so are we.

In the book's most poignant moment, a short time later Beauty sees a dead horse on a cart and recognizes the body as Ginger's. He actually hopes it is her, "[…] for then her troubles would be over" (40.10). Rest in peace, Ginger. Fiery, spirited, and full of life, she's a surprisingly sweet soul who finds true and lasting friendship

Summary Writing

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Read the text and write a summary about Ginger.

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M E M O R A N D U M

Ginger

Because of his shifts from master to master, Beauty doesn't have a lot of lifelong friends—except one. Ginger is probably Beauty's closest equine friend, and certainly the horse he spends the most time with over the course of the book. Ginger is a beautiful horse, a tall chestnut with a long neck and a white stripe on her face.

But Beauty and Ginger don't really start out on the right foot. In direct contrast to Beauty, who's gentle, willing, and eager to please, Ginger is feisty, quick-tempered, and easily irritated. "So it is you who have turned me out of my box. It is a very strange thing for a colt like you to come and turn a lady out of her own home" (4.12), she says haughtily to Beauty after they meet. When Beauty explains that he didn't mean to displace anyone, she replies, "[…] of course I do not want to have words with a young thing like you" (4.14). Oh, snap.

Beauty's other new stable mate, Merrylegs, explains that Ginger "[…] has a bad habit of biting and snapping" (4.16), which is why she's called Ginger—well, that and the colour of her coat. Merrylegs says that she does it because none of her previous owners ever treated her well.

Ginger's tendency to be high-strung and snappish has its roots in neglect and mistreatment, but underneath that prickly exterior is a horse just as sweet as Beauty or Merrylegs. Ginger's personality serves as a cautionary tale to horse owners: Poor treatment at a young age clearly results in a horse prone to bad habits.

While at Birtwick, however, Ginger mellows out. John Manly, the groom, treats Ginger gently and carefully, and her temper gradually improves. Beauty, paired with her to pull carriages, describes her as a hard worker: "She did her work honestly, and did her full share, and I never wish to have a better partner in double harness" (5.23). After pulling the carriage together, Beauty and Ginger start to become "friendly and sociable" (5.23), and before too long they are swapping life stories.

Ginger's life before Birtwick was one of neglect. She tells Beauty that she "[…] never had any one, horse or man, that was kind to me, or that I cared to please" (7.4). She was taken from her mother at an early age and broken in roughly, an experience she describes as painful and frightening. She felt that her first master only wanted "[…] to wear all the spirit out of me, and just make me into a quiet, humble, obedient piece of horse-flesh" (7.7). Yikes.

This is a far cry from Beauty's childhood, and Ginger is very aware that her past has made her wary and mistrustful of humans. After time spent with a master who used the harsh, unpleasant bearing rein, Ginger tells Beauty she decided "[…] those men were my natural enemies and that I must defend myself" (8.7). Can't say we blame her given what she's been through.

With these honest, painful tales of her upbringing, Ginger earns Beauty's sympathy and they become close friends. When at last they must leave Birtwick, they're sold to Earlshall as a pair of carriage horses, and there, Ginger's irritable nature quickly returns when they're made to wear bearing reins.

Sadly, this proves to be her downfall: Overcome with frustration, Ginger fights back one day, injuring herself and several grooms in the process. She's never paired with Beauty again in a carriage, and becomes a riding horse.

Sometime later, she and Beauty are reunited in a field while he is recuperating from his bad injury at the hands of drunken groom Reuben Smith. There, Beauty finds Ginger's been "ruined by hard riding" (27.2).

Turned out into the field together, both in poor health, Beauty and Ginger find comfort in their friendship, but Ginger knows it's not for long. "They'll soon take you away," she tells Beauty, "and I shall lose the only friend I have, and most likely we will never see each other again" (27.8). Say it ain't so…

Alas, Ginger's almost right. Beauty is taken away a week later, and they call out to each other as they're separated. Their heart-wrenching separation reminds us that horses don't have any control over staying with their loved ones.

But that's not the last we see of Ginger. Beauty finds her again in London when he's working as a cab horse. They've both fallen on hard times, but it's Ginger who's gotten the worst deal. Beauty describes the changes that have come over her:

[…] the face that was once so full of spirit and life was now full of suffering, and I could tell by the heaving of her sides, and her frequent cough, how bad her breath was. (40.2)

Through no fault of her own, Ginger has been sold down the line, her situation getting worse and worse. Beauty asks why she doesn't stand up for herself anymore, and Ginger tells him it's no use. All the spirit has been driven out of her, and she tells him, "I wish I was dead" (40.7). Beauty is heartbroken, and so are we.

In the book's most poignant moment, a short time later Beauty sees a dead horse on a cart and recognizes the body as Ginger's. He actually hopes it is her, "[…] for then her troubles would be over" (40.10). Rest in peace, Ginger. Fiery, spirited, and full of life, she's a surprisingly sweet soul who finds true and lasting friendship

Read the text and write a summary about Ginger.

Ginger is a chestnut horse and Black Beauty’s friend. Ginger is feisty, quick-tempered, easily irritated and has a bad habit of biting and snapping. She was taken from her mother at an early age and broken in roughly. She was neglected and mistreated by previous owners and decided that men were her natural enemies and that she must defend herself. Ginger earns Beauty's sympathy and they become close friends Beauty said that she did her work honestly, and did her full share and Beauty never wish to have a better partner in double harness. . But then they are sold as a pair of carriage horses, and there, Ginger's irritable nature quickly returns when they're made to wear bearing reins. Sadly, this proves to be her downfall: Overcome with frustration, Ginger fights back one day, injuring herself and several grooms in the process. She's never paired with Beauty again in a carriage, and becomes a riding horse. Ginger has been sold down the line, her situation getting worse and worse. When Beauty finds her again in London, all the spirit has been driven out of her and in the end she dies of working too hard.