black & veatch, citizens energy group, fall …
TRANSCRIPT
CITIZENS ENERGY GROUP FALL CREEK/WHITE RIVER TUNNEL SYSTEM
PIEZOMETER MONITORING SUMMARY WINTER 2013
Project CS-18-072B B&V Project 166292
April 2013
Reference 69 Page 1
Citizens Energy Group Fall Creek/White River Tunnel System
Piezometer Monitoring Summary
Project CS-18-072B 1 B&V Project 166292
INTRODUCTION
The depth to groundwater has been measured bi-weekly in the installed piezometers for the Phase 1 (Phase 1A and Phase 1B), Phase 2, and Phase 3 Geotechnical Investigations for the Fall Creek/White River Tunnel System (FCWRTS) project from June 30, 2006 through March 20, 2013. This report summarizes the piezometer monitoring for winter 2013. Six measurements took place between December 21, 2012 and March 20, 2013.
Deep piezometers are screened in the bedrock to monitor groundwater levels. Shallow piezometers are screened within the unconsolidated material above the bedrock and monitored to determine the seasonal fluctuation of groundwater in the overburden. In addition, piezometers labeled with a “SU”, “SC”, or “DC” are part of a cluster of wells intended to monitor the shallow unconsolidated, shallow carbonate, and deep carbonate subsurface aquifers in a single location, respectively.
The attached figures delineate groundwater measurements in the shallow piezometers, deep piezometers, and cluster wells located along White River (Figures 1, 2, and 3) and Fall Creek (Figures 4, 5, and 6) along the FCWRTS alignment. The daily amount of precipitation for the Indianapolis area is also shown to illustrate the correlation between rainfall and groundwater levels. In addition, the levels of the White River and Fall Creek were measured by gauging the stream level beneath several bridges (Figure 7).
MEASUREMENTS
Shallow groundwater depths along the FCWRTS alignment during the measurement period ranged between 4.10 (B-34) and 37.50 (B-40) feet below the ground surface. Both extremes occurred in piezometers located along the White River. B-40 is located on the west side of White River and above the levee elevation while B-34 is located on the east side of and immediately adjacent to White River.
Shallow groundwater levels are affected by precipitation and nearby stream levels. However, water depths in the shallow piezometers generally do not
Reference 69 Page 2
Citizens Energy Group Fall Creek/White River Tunnel System
Piezometer Monitoring Summary
Project CS-18-072B 2 B&V Project 166292
fluctuate dramatically with minor precipitation or stream variations due to the high hydraulic conductivity of the unconsolidated overburden. Minor changes in groundwater supply are quickly dissipated throughout the overburden. Despite this, during the winter quarter, the primary cause of shallow piezometer fluctuations appears to be a result of river level fluctuation. This is contrary to the spring, summer, and fall quarters where pumping from local well fields are primarily responsible for groundwater fluctuations and precipitation and river levels have a lesser effect.
Deep groundwater depths along the FCWRTS alignment during the measurement period ranged between 0.00 (B-29) and 46.92 (GW-5-DC) feet below the ground surface. The shallow extreme piezometer B-29 is located along White River, near the Chevy Dam, and within a few feet of the river’s edge. The deep extreme piezometer GW-5-DC is located near the White River/Fall Creek confluence immediately adjacent to the Riverside Wellfield, well RS-29.
A correlation is evident between deep groundwater levels, precipitation, and stream level. In general, the water levels measured fluctuate in a similar pattern to both precipitation and stream level indicating hydraulic interconnectivity with the White River, Fall Creek, and the carbonate aquifer. However, the resultant groundwater level changes are not significant due to the low hydraulic conductivity of the carbonate aquifer.
Similar to the shallow piezometers, the primary cause of significant fluctuations in the deep piezometers appears to be pumping from local well fields during the spring, summer, and fall quarters. During the winter quarter, it appears as though the carbonate aquifer slowly recovers from the well field pumping that occurred throughout the warmer months. This is illustrated by a gradual rise/recovery of groundwater in some of the deep piezometers adjacent to known supply wells. In addition, the variations in groundwater level measurements typically observed during warmer months within deep piezometers adjacent to known well fields were not observed during the winter months. These observations should be correlated with pumping data from the water company in order to determine the recovery time of the aquifer, if possible.
Reference 69 Page 3
Citizens Energy Group Fall Creek/White River Tunnel System
Piezometer Monitoring Summary
Project CS-18-072B 3 B&V Project 166292
Piezometer B-1B, located south of the White River Tunnel alignment, has been covered by soil and materials and is inaccessible. In late 2012 piezometer B-3 was buried with soil and subsequently destroyed during construction of the Deep Rock Tunnel Connect Retrieval Shaft Site. In addition, nearby piezometer B-24 was buried for nearly six months with construction materials for the same project but was later recovered. Measurements resumed on B-24 in December and January before the piezometer was buried again in early February. Piezometers B-10A and B-10B were damaged during construction of a retention basin associated with the remodeling of the Bush Stadium site and are currently inaccessible. Piezometer B-31 was buried with soil in early December and has not yet been recovered. Piezometer B-46 was buried with soil during recent re-grading of the adjacent area and not observed for several months. However, it was recovered and brought back to grade in early March 2013 and measurements resumed. Piezometer B-18 was recently destroyed by construction of a pedestrian path in the area. Several other missing data points for various piezometers during this measurement period were due to the lids being buried by large amounts of snow.
OUTLIERS
The most significant fluctuations or variations from the trend in piezometers along White River occurred in shallow piezometer B-40 and deep piezometer B-29. Both of these piezometers are located immediately downstream of the two downtown dams and water supply intakes along White River. Variations in river levels at the dams likely cause more dramatic local groundwater level changes. The GW-6 cluster well also appears to fluctuate significantly, likely due to its close proximity from a groundwater supply pumping well associated with the Riverside Wellfield.
Along Fall Creek, shallow piezometers B-21 and B-55-2, deep piezometers B-23, B-44, B-65, and B-70 have greater variations from the trend of measurement for similar piezometers.
Piezometers B-21, B-23, B-65, and B-70 are located on the State Fairgrounds property. The variations from the trend are likely due to a modification in localized pumping within or adjacent to the Fairgrounds property. Alternatively,
Reference 69 Page 4
Citizens Energy Group Fall Creek/White River Tunnel System
Piezometer Monitoring Summary
Project CS-18-072B 4 B&V Project 166292
the large amount of impervious surfaces within the Fairgrounds property may affect the infiltration rate of surface water to groundwater. As indicated in the Piezometer Monitoring Summary for fall 2012, the variations in piezometer B-65 are significant and consistent. This piezometer, others on the Fairgrounds property, and the surrounding area should be more closely observed to identify potential causes. Another potential explanation for the variations in the Fairgrounds piezometers may be effects of the ongoing modifications to and construction associated with the Fall Creek dam located just upstream of the Fairgrounds property.
Due to their close proximity to each other, the variations identified in B-55-2 should also appear in B-55. However, the measurements taken on February 22, 2013, indicate converse movements in groundwater depth. One or both of these measurements may be a typographical error and should be considered outliers if no further evidence of similar variations is identified in future measurements.
Piezometer B-44 is approximately between both the Riverside well field and the construction site of a new hospital. Construction of the new hospital is nearly complete and, as a result, groundwater drawdown pumping for construction has likely been terminated allowing the area groundwater levels to gradually recover to baseline. The steady groundwater level recovery observed in piezometer B-44 during the winter quarter supports this hypothesis. This should be confirmed with the hospital construction contractor.
PATTERNS
The groundwater levels in the non-outlier piezometers follow a similar pattern over time and are likely fluctuating with stream level changes caused by precipitation and snow melt.
Reference 69 Page 5
Citizens Energy Group Fall Creek/White River Tunnel System
Piezometer Monitoring Summary
Project CS-18-072B 5 B&V Project 166292
FUTURE GROUNDWATER MEASUREMENTS
Groundwater levels in the piezometers should continue to be measured throughout design, construction, and post-construction phases of the FCWRTS project in order to monitor any potential effects on the groundwater prior to or resulting from construction. In addition, pumping data from groundwater pumping wells in close proximity to piezometers should be compared with level measurements to determine if a correlation exists.
Reference 69 Page 6
Project CS-18-072B
BV Project 166292
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
P
reci
pit
atio
n (
inch
es)
Gro
un
dw
ate
r D
ep
th (
fee
t)
Date Measured
Figure 1. Shallow Piezometer Measurements along White River for Winter 2013 (December 21st - March 20th)
Rainfall
Snowfall
B-27
B-28
B-31
B-33
B-34
B-35
B-35-2
B-36
B-36-2
B-37
B-38
B-40
B-41
Reference 69 Page 7
Project CS-18-072B
BV Project 166292
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
P
reci
pit
atio
n (
inch
es)
Gro
un
dw
ate
r D
ep
th (
fee
t)
Date Measured
Figure 2. Deep Piezometer Measurements along White River for Winter 2013 (December 21st - March 20th)
Rainfall
Snowfall
B-1A
B-4
B-6
B-7
B-8
B-11
B-25
B-29
B-30
B-45
Reference 69 Page 8
Project CS-18-072B
BV Project 166292
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
P
reci
pit
atio
n (
inch
es)
Gro
un
dw
ate
r D
ep
th (
fee
t)
Date Measured
Figure 3. Cluster Well Measurements along White River for Winter 2013 (December 21st - March 20th)
Rainfall
Snowfall
GW-1-SU
GW-1-SC
GW-1-DC
GW-2-SU
GW-2-SC
GW-2-DC
GW-3-SU
GW-3-SC
GW-3-DC
GW-3-Obs.
GW-6-SU
GW-6-SC
GW-6-DC
Reference 69 Page 9
Project CS-18-072B
BV Project 166292
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
P
reci
pit
atio
n (
inch
es)
Gro
un
dw
ate
r D
ep
th (
fee
t)
Date Measured
Figure 4. Shallow Piezometer Measurements along Fall Creek for Winter 2013 (December 21st - March 20th)
Rainfall
Snowfall
B-21
B-22
B-43-2
B-46
B-47
B-50B
B-51-B
B-51-C
B-52
B-54
B-55
B-55-2
B-55-3
B-56
B-58
B-61
B-62
B-66
B-67
B-69
Reference 69 Page 10
Project CS-18-072B
BV Project 166292
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
Pre
cip
itat
ion
(in
che
s)
Gro
un
dw
ate
r D
ep
th (
fee
t)
Date Measured
Figure 5. Deep Piezometer Measurements along Fall Creek for Winter 2013 (December 21st - March 20th)
Rainfall
Snowfall
B-14
B-15
B-17
B-18
B-20A
B-23
B-42-4
B-43
B-44
B-50A
B-51A
B-53
B-59
B-60-2
B-63
B-64
B-65
B-70
Reference 69 Page 11
Project CS-18-072B
BV Project 166292
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
P
reci
pit
atio
n (
inch
es)
Gro
un
dw
ate
r D
ep
th (
fee
t)
Date Measured
Figure 6. Cluster Well Measurements along Fall Creek for Winter 2013 (December 21st - March 20th)
Rainfall
Snowfall
GW-4-SU
GW-4-SC
GW-4-DC
GW-5-SU
GW-5-SC
GW-5-DC
GW-7-SU
GW-7-SC
GW-7-DC
GW-8-SU
GW-8-SC
GW-8-DC
GW-9-SU
GW-9-SC
GW-9-DC
GW-10-SU
GW-10-SC
GW-10-DC
Reference 69 Page 12
Project CS-18-072B
BV Project 166292
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
P
reci
pit
atio
n (
inch
es)
Gro
un
dw
ate
r D
ep
th (
fee
t)
Date Measured
Figure 7. Bridge Deck Measurements for Winter 2013 (December 21st - March 20th)
Rainfall
Snowfall
White River and Morris St. Bridge
White River and New York St. Bridge
Fall Creek and 10th St. Bridge
Fall Creek and Boulevard Pl. Bridge
Fall Creek and College Ave. Bridge
Fall Creek and 39th St. Bridge
Reference 69 Page 13