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Chapter

4

Computer Software

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Learning Objectives

Describe several important trends occurring incomputer software.

Give examples of several major types of applicationand system software.

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Learning Objectives (continued)

Explain t e purpose of several popular softwarepac!ages for end user productivity and collaborativecomputing.

Outline t e functions of an operating system.

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Learning Objectives (continued)

Describe t e main uses of software programminglanguages and tools.

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"ection #

$pplication "oftware%End &ser $pplications

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"oftware

'ypes of software $pplication software

"ystem software

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"oftware (continued)

$pplication software for end users $pplication specific

General purposeerform common information processing jobs

"ometimes !nown as productivity pac!ages

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"oftware "uites and #ntegrated ac!ages

"uites are a number of productivity pac!ages bundled toget er

*icrosoft OfficeLotus "mart"uite+orel ,ord erfect Office"un "tarOffice

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"oftware "uites and #ntegrated ac!ages (continued)

$dvantages of suites+ost"imilar grap ical user interface" are common tools

rograms are designed to wor! toget er

Disadvantages of suitesLarge si-e

*any features never used by many end users

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"oftware "uites and #ntegrated ac!ages (continued)

#ntegrated ac!ages+ombine "O*E of t e features of several programs+annot do as muc as individual pac!ages or suites

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,eb rowsers

/ey software interface to t e yperlin!ed resourcesof t e ,orld ,ide ,eb and t e rest of t e #nternet

#nternet Explorer0etscape +ommunicatorGoogle c rome*o-illa 1irefox

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Electronic *ail and #nstant *essaging

E *ail2as c anged t e way people wor! and communicate

#nstant *essaging $n e mail3computer conferencing ybrid (mix) tec nology $llows real time communication3collaboration

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,ord rocessing and Des!top ublis ing

,ord rocessing(*icrosoft ,ord)2as computeri-ed t e creation4 editing4 revision4 and printing ofdocuments. $dvanced features

Des!top ublis ingDesign and print newsletters4 broc ures4 manuals4 and boo!s

age design processage ma!eup or page composition

,5"#,5G (w at you see is w at you get)

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Electronic "preads eets

&sed for business analysis4 planning4 and modeling#nvolves designing its format and developing t erelations ips (formulas)

Example *icrosoft Excel

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Electronic "preads eets (continued)

$llows end users to perform% , at if (condition)Goal see!ing (decision)"ensitivity analysis (Google it)

"trengt+omputation and calculation

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Database *anagement

erforms four primary tas!sDatabase development

Define3organi-e content4 relations ips4 and structure of t e data

Database #nterrogation"electively retrieve and display information

roduce forms4 reports4 6 ot er documents

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Database *anagement (continued)

1our primary tas!s (continued)Database maintenance

$dd4 delete4 update4 and correct t e data

$pplication developmentDevelop prototypes of web pages4 7ueries4 forms4 reports4 andlabels (*icrosoft $ccess)

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Database *anagement (continued)

"trengt"torage of large amounts of data

,ea!ness+omputation and calculation Only

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resentation Grap ics

2elps convert numeric data into grap icdisplays( ower oint4grap s)2elps prepare multimedia presentations

Easy to use

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ersonal #nformation *anagers

1or end user productivity and collaboration"tore4 organi-e4 and retrieve information

#nformation about customers $ppointments+ontact lists'as! lists"c edules

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Groupware

+ollaboration software2elps wor!groups and teams wor! toget er toaccomplis group assignments

+ombines a variety of software features and functionsE mailDiscussion groups and databases"c eduling'as! management $udio and videoconferencingData s aring

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Ot er usiness "oftware

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"ection ##

"ystem "oftware%+omputer "ystem *anagement

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"ystem "oftware Overview

rograms t at manage and support a computersystem and its information processing activities

"erves as t e software interface between computernetwor!s and ardware and t e applicationprograms of end users#nterface between ardware 6 end users

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"ystem "oftware Overview (continued)

'wo major categories"ystem management programs

Operating systems

0etwor! management programsDatabase management systems"ystem utilities

"ystem development programs

rogramming language translators 6 editors+$"E (computer aided software engineering)

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Operating "ystems

#ntegrated system of programs t at*anages t e operations of t e + &+ontrols t e input3output and storage resources and activitiesof t e computer system

rovides various support services as t e computer executesapplication programs

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Operating "ystems (continued)

erforms five basic functionsrovides a user interface $llows umans to communicate wit t e computer

+ommand driven (DO")*enu driven (,#0DO,")Grap ical user interface (Gs)

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Operating "ystems (continued)

1ive basic functions (continued)8esource management

*anages t e ardware and networ!ing resources of t e system 9irtual memory capability

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Operating "ystems (continued)

1ive basic functions (continued)

1ile management+ontrols t e creation4 deletion4 and access of files of data andprograms/eeps trac! of t e p ysical location of filesExample ,indows $gain

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Operating "ystems (continued)

1ive basic functions (continued)

'as! management*anages t e accomplis ment of t e computing tas!s of end users

*ultitas!ing*ultiprogramming'imes aring

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Operating "ystems (continued)

opular Operating "ystems ,indows

:;4 :

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Operating "ystems (continued)

opular operating systems (continued)&0#?Linux*ac O" ? ($ppple)

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0etwor! *anagement rograms

erform functions suc as $utomatically c ec!ing client +s and video terminals forinput3output activity $ssigning priorities to data communication re7uests from

clients and terminalsDetecting and correcting transmission errors and ot ernetwor! problems"ometimes functions as middleware t at allows diversenetwor!s to communicate wit eac ot er

Example Internet communications

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Database *anagement "ystems

+ontrols t e development4 use4 and maintenance ofdatabases.2elps organi-ations use t eir integrated collections

of data records and files $llows different user application programs to easilyaccess t e same database"implifies t e process of retrieving information fromdatabases

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Ot er "ystem *anagement rograms

&tility rogramserform miscellaneous ouse!eeping and file conversion

functionsData bac!upData recovery 9irus protection (*c$fee)Data compression (,in@ip)Data defragmentation

erformance monitors and security monitors

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rogramming Languages

$llows a programmer to develop t e sets ofinstructions t at constitute a computer program

*ac ine Language1irst generation language ,ritten using binary codes uni7ue to eac computer

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rogramming Languages (continued)

$ssembler Language"econd generation8e7uires language translator programs called assemblers $llows a computer to convert t e instructions into mac ine

instructions1re7uently called symbolic language

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rogramming Languages (continued)

2ig level Languages ( +obol4 1O8'8$0)' ird generation&ses instructions4 called statements4 t at use brief statements orarit metic expressions

&ses translator programs called compilers or interpreters"yntax and semantics

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rogramming Languages (continued)

1ourt generation Languages (AGLs)*ore nonprocedural and conversational t an prior languages0atural languagesEase of use gained at t e expense of some loss in flexibility

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rogramming Languages (continued)

Object Oriented Languages (OO )'ies data elements to t e procedures or actions t at will beperformed on t em into BobjectsCEasier to use and more efficient for programming Gs

GOOGLE IT

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rogramming Languages (continued)

2'*L4 ?*L4 and ava#mportant for building multimedia ,eb pages4 websites4 and ,eb based applications2'*L (2ypertext *ar!up Language)

$ page description language t at creates ypertext or ypermediadocuments

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rogramming Languages (continued)

?*L (e?tensible *ar!up Language)Describes t e contents of web pages by applying identifying tags orcontextual labels to t e data*a!es t e web site more searc able4 sortable4 and easier toanaly-e

avaDesigned for real time4 interactive4 ,eb based networ!applications (+2E+/ 1$+E OO/") $pplets

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rogramming "oftware("ystem Development rograms)

2elps programmers develop computer programs'wo basic categories

rogramming language translators

rogramming tools

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rogramming "oftware (continued)

Language 'ranslator rograms $ssembler

'ranslates symbolic instruction codes into mac ine languageinstructions

+ompiler'ranslates ig level language statements

#nterpreter'ranslates and executes eac statement in a program one at a time

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rogramming "oftware (continued)

rogramming 'oolsrogramming editors and debuggersrovides a computer aided programming environment

Diagramming pac!ages

+ode generatorsLibraries of reusable objects 6 code+$"E (+omputer $ided "oftware Engineering)

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Discussion uestions

, at major trends are occurring in softwareF , atcapabilities do you expect to see in future softwarepac!agesF

2ow do t e different roles of system software andapplication software affect you as a business enduserF 2ow do you see t is c anging in t e futureF

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Discussion uestions (continued)

, y is an operating system necessaryF , y can t anend user just load an application program in acomputer and start computingF

" ould a ,eb browser be integrated into anoperating systemF

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Discussion uestions (continued)

$re software suites4 ,eb browsers4 and groupwaremerging toget erF , at are t e implications for a business and its end usersF

2ow are 2'*L4 ?*L4 and ava affecting businessapplications on t e ,ebF

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Discussion uestions (continued)

Do you t in! ,indows =>>> and Linux will surpass&nix and 0etware as operating systems for networ!and ,eb serversF

, ic application software pac!ages are t e mostimportant for a business end user to !now ow touseF

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8eal ,orld +ase H I #ntuit #nc.

, y as #ntuit s success improved under ennett sleaders ipF

, at are several t ings #ntuit could do tosuccessfully compete wit *icrosoft and ot ers int e futureF

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8eal ,orld +ase H (continued)

, y does #ntuit dominate its small businesssoftware mar!et segmentF

, at software products and services does #ntuitave t at mig t support ennett s strategy to appealto larger small businessesF

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8eal ,orld +ase H (continued)

Do you agree wit +EO ennett s strategy to ave#ntuit compete wit *icrosoft in t e software mar!et

for larger small businessesF

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8eal ,orld +ase = I $ma-on4 Orbit-4 and Ot ers

' e usiness +ase for Linux

, at are t e business and tec nical benefits of

switc ing from proprietary systems to Linux on#ntel based serversF

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8eal ,orld +ase = (continued)

, y can Linux ma!e a strategic difference in t eprofitability of some companiesF

, at are t e limitations of Linux for business useF

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8eal ,orld +ase = (continued)

" ould most companies investigate t e use of Linuxfor t eir businessesF

, y or w y notF

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8eal ,orld +ase J I urlington +oat 1actory and Ot ers

Evaluating "oftware "uite $lternatives

, at is t e business case for switc ing from

*icrosoft Office to alternatives li!e "un "tarOffice orgobe roductiveF

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8eal ,orld +ase J (continued)

, at is t e business case against suc a switc F

, at are t e wea!nesses of t e BOfficeCcompetitorsF

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8eal ,orld +ase J (continued)

, at are several business or tec nicalimprovements t e developers of "un "tarOffice orgobe roductive could ma!e to better compete wit*icrosoft OfficeF

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8eal ,orld +ase A I +lar! 8etail 6 Ot ers

Evaluating Operating "ystem &pgrades

, y do many companies ave no plans to switc to

,indows ? F

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8eal ,orld +ase A (continued)

, at is a business case for switc ing to ,indows? F

, at is a business case against switc ingF

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8eal ,orld +ase A (continued)

, at are several improvements you would li!e tosee *icrosoft ma!e in t e next version of ,indowsF

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8eal ,orld +ase ; I Dollar 8ent $ +ar 6 #mperial "ugar

ioneering ,eb "ervices

, at are ,eb servicesF

2ow are t ey usedF

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8eal ,orld +ase ; (continued)

, at is t e purpose and business value of ,ebservicesF

, at is delaying t e implementation of ,eb servicesat many companiesF

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8eal ,orld +ase ; (continued)

, at can companies do now to prepare toimplement ,eb servicesF

, at do you see as t e future for ,eb servicesF