Praxis Business School

GREEN COMPUTING

A report

Submitted to

Dr. Prithwis Mukherjee

In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course

Business Information Studies

On 07/11/2010

By

Shradha Suman Rout

ABSTRACT

Green computing is now under the attention of not only organizations which are concerned with

environment, but also businesses from other industries. In the recent years, companies which are in

the computer industries have realized that going green is the best that they can do. This will benefit

them both in terms of public relations and reduced costs. This paper will take a look at several green

initiatives currently under way in the computer industry. It has also given utmost attention to

minimization of electronic waste and use of non-toxic materials in the preparation of e-equipments.

INTRODUCTION

The Need:

Green Computing or Green IT (Information Technology) is the practice of using computer resources

efficiently. The goals of Green Computing are to reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize the

energy efficiency during the product’s lifetime and promote biodegradability or recyclability of defunct

products and factory waste. Such practices include the implementation of energy efficient central

processing units, servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper

disposal of e-waste (electronic waste). Green Computing strives to achieve economic viability,

improved system performance and use, while abiding our ethical and social responsibilities.

Thus, Green Computing includes the cost of recycling and disposal. In recent years another focus

has got much importance and that is achievement of energy efficiency, minimization of power

consumption of e-equipments. Greening the computing equipment is a low risk ways to the business.

This is not only to help the environment but also to reduce costs. Making a proper decision to go

green in the offices or other workplaces not only improves the net profit of the business, but also

reduces the carbon footprint. It’s also one of the largest growing trends in business today.

The Risk:

The average personal computer (PC) wastes about the energy provided to it according to the Climate

Savers Computing Initiative which is an industry group dedicated to reducing Greenhouse gas

emissions. The organization needs to encourage employees to shut down their PCs or put them into

sleep mode when not working on them. Computers usually can contain 4 to 8 pounds of lead alone,

which is stated according to the green experts. There’s nothing to wonder that computers and other

electronics make up two fifths of all lead in the world due to enormous growing use of electronic

device in general and computers particularly all over the world, there is a need to look for an eco-

friendly computer.

“The waste heat also causes reliability problems, as the CPU’s crash much more, often at higher

temperatures.” To keep the servers at right temperature companies mainly rely at air-conditioning

equipments. The more powerful the machine the more cool air is needed to prevent it from

overheating. By 2005, the energy required to power and cool servers accounted for about 12.5% of

total U.S. electricity consumption, according to a report released in February by staff scientist

Jonathan Koomey of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and sponsored by chip manufacturer

AMD (AMD).

GREEN COMPUTING SAVES GREEN

As computers play a large role in our lives, the energy demands, costs and waste are increasing

rapidly. Consider the following from the Climate Savers Computing Initiative:

In a typical desktop computer, nearly half of the power that comes out of the wall is wasted

and never reaches the processor, memory and other components.

The added or extra heat from inefficient computers can increase the demand on air

conditioners making your computer even more expensive to run.

Even though most of the desktop computers these days are capable of automatically

transitioning to a sleep or hibernate state when not in use about 90% of systems have this

function disabled.

Around 25% of the electricity used to supply power to home electronics appliances like

computers, DVD players, stereos, televisions is consumed while the products are turned off.

The good news is, by taking up simple everyday green computing practices; you can improve

energy management, increase energy efficiency, reduce e-waste and save money in the

process!

ECO-FRIENDLY APPROACH

Electronic giants are about to roll out eco-friendly range of computers like desktops and laptops that

aim at reducing the e-waste in the environment. They are likely to be free of hazardous materials such

as Brominates flame retardants, PVCs and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury, which

are commonly used in computer manufacturing.

Reliability about the use of green materials in computer manufacturing is perhaps the biggest

challenge facing the electronics industry. Lead-tin solder use of today is malleable making it an ideal

shock absorber. So far, more brittle replacement solders have yet to show the same reliability in real-

world applications.

Replacements like the front-runner a tin or copper or silver alloy also require higher melting

temperatures, which can affect life of the chip.

Here’s how designers plan to make future computer more eco-friendly across its entire life span, from

manufacture to recycling:

Energy-intensive manufacturing of computer parts can be minimized by making

manufacturing process more energy efficient

By replacing petroleum-filled plastic with bio plastics plant based polymers which require less

oil and energy to produce in comparison to traditional plastics with a challenge to keep these

bio plastic computers cool so that electronics won’t melt them.

Landfills can be controlled by making best use of the device by upgrading and repairing in

time with a need to make such processes easier and cheaper

Discarding will not only control the e-waste out of dumps but also save energy and materials

needed for a whole new computer

Power sucking displays can be replaced with green light displays made of OLEDs or organic

light emitting diodes

Use of toxic materials like lead can be replaced by copper and silver making recycling of

computers which is expensive and time consuming at present, more effective by recycling

computer parts separately with an option of reuse or resale

FOUR COSTLY MYTHS:

You should never turn off the computer

The computer is designed to handle 40,000 on/off cycles. If you are an average user, that’s significantly more cycles than you will initiate in the computer’s five to seven year life. When you turn your computer off, you not only reduce energy use, you also lower heat stress and wear on the system.

Turning your computer off and then back on uses more energy than leaving it on

The rush of power used by a CPU to boot up is far less than the energy your computer uses when left on for more than three minutes.

Screen savers save energy

This is a common misconception. Screen savers were originally designed to help prolong the life of

monochrome monitors. Those monitors are now technologically obsolete. Screen savers save energy

only if they actually turn off the screen or in case of laptops, turn off the backlight.

Network connections are lost when computers go into low power or sleep mode

Newer computers are designed to sleep on networks with loss of data or connection. CPUs with WOL

(wake on LAN) technology can be left in sleep mode overnight to wake up and receive data packets

sent to the unit.

DID YOU KNOW....

An average desktop computer requires 85% watts just when it is idle, even when the monitor

is switched off. If that computer were in use or idling for only 40 hours a week instead of a full

168 hours, over $40 in energy costs would be saved annually.

One computer left on 24 hours a day costs you between $115 and $160 in electricity costs

annually while dumping 1,500 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year. That means up to

500 trees are needed to offset the annual emissions of one computer left on all the time!

If each household in a region the size of the metro Boston area turned off its computer for just

one additional hour per day, it would save $3.2 million in electricity costs and prevent 19,000

tons of CO2 from heating the atmosphere.

Electricity production is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States,

ahead of transportation.

GREEN TECHNOLOGY

The field of Green Technology encompasses a broad range of subjects from new energy generation

techniques to the study of advanced materials to be used in our daily life. Green technology focuses

on reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and innovative technologies caused by

Earth’s growing population. It has taken upon itself the goal to provide society’s needs in ways that do

not damage or deplete natural resources. Mainly this means creating fully recyclable products,

reducing pollution, proposing alternative technologies in various fields and creating a centre of

economic activity around technologies that benefit the environment.

Perhaps the most talked about aspect of green technology is the promise of alternative energy

sources- Sun, wind, water we have heard about them all. However, scientists are working on other

aspects of the problem as well, testing building materials and studying chemical processes to reduce

the hazardous substances.

Nanotechnology is also being used in an attempt to manipulate materials at the nanometre scale;

scientists are hoping it can transform manufacturing on a global level, from government purchasing to

a technological revolution.

The huge amount of computing manufactured worldwide has a direct on environment issues and

scientists are conducting numerous studies in order to reduce the negative impact of computing

technology on our natural resources. Companies are addressing e-waste by offering take-back

recycling programs and other solutions, with lower energy consumption and less wasted hardware. A

central point of research is testing and applying alternative non-hazardous materials in the products’

manufacturing process.

POSSILBLE SOLUTIONS OR PRECAUTIONS:

Switch off the computer when not in use.

Virtualization is one of the most of the most effective tools for most cost effective, greener-

energy efficient computing where server is divided into multiple virtual machines that run

different applications and in this way companies can increase their server utilization rates.

This approach is so energy-friendly.

Adjust the power management through control panel and put the system into standby after a

set amount of time and switch off hard drive, cable modems, routers and Wi-Fi access points

when not in use.

For more advanced users remove unnecessary fans and drives.

Refill ink-jet cartridges and laser toner as its cheaper and does not add to landfill. Ink jet

printers use about 90% less energy than laser printers and the print quality with some of the

newer models is really good.

Pick the parts carefully, for example instead of getting two 1GB, buy one 2GB chips.

Buy other equipment that uses fewer toxic materials and more recycled components.

Build the computer needs and don’t install unnecessary parts if not required.

Buy the computer according to the needs and for simple tasks avoid buying the most powerful

PC.

Laptops use 75% less power than desktop computers.

Choose the latest Intel or VIA processors over AMD as they use less power. VIA is the best

for environment although not as powerful.

Monitors consume about half of the energy of a computer and avoid a larger monitor. LCD

(Liquid Crystal Display) monitors i.e. the newer flat monitors use only about 15-20% as much

energy as CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors (box-shaped) and they cost last.

Green Computing is about making smart, responsible choices to help make your world a better place.

Every choice made towards green computing benefits the user and the planet. To comprehensively

and efficiently address the environmental impacts of computing, a holistic approach is adopted and

which makes the entire computing lifecycle greener by addressing environmental sustainability along

the following four complementary paths:

Green Use:

Reducing the energy consumption of computers and other information systems as

well as using them in an environmentally sound manner.

Green Disposal:

Refurbishing and reusing old computers and properly recycling unwanted computers

and other electronic equipment.

Green Design:

Designing energy-efficient and environmentally sound components, computers,

servers, cooling component and data centres.

Green Manufacturing:

Manufacturing electronic components, computers and other associated subsystems

with minimal impact on the environment.

HOW TO CREATE A GREEN MACHINE

Activating the power management features on your computer saves energy and money while helping

the environment. Your computer’s “Sleep” and “Hibernate” settings are two of the most effective ways

for your computer more environment friendly. You can activate these functions manually or through

your operating system’s pre-set power management settings.

SLEEP MODE: Sleep or standby mode conserves energy by cutting off power to your display, hard

drive and other peripherals. After a pre-set period of inactivity your computer switches to a very low

power state. When you move your mouse or press any computer key, you exit sleep mode and your

computer takes you back to its previous operating state. Sleep mode is an especially effective way to

conserve battery power in a laptop computer. However, if your computer loses power for any reason

while in sleep mode, you may lose unsaved data.

HIBERNATE MODE: Hibernate mode saves energy and protects your work by copying system data

to a reserved area on your hard drive and then completely turning off your computer. It also reduces

wear and tear on your components. When you turn back on your computer, your files and your

documents appear on your desktop just as you left them. Be sure to set your system automatically go

into hibernate mode any time your battery power reaches a critically low level.

EXISTING WORKS

VIA Technologies, a Taiwanese company that manufactures motherboard chipsets, CPUs

and other computer hardware, introduced its initiative for green computing in 2001. With this

green vision, the company has been focusing on power efficiency throughout the design and

manufacturing process of its products. Its environment friendly products are manufactured

using a range of clean-computing strategies. One of the VIA technologies’ ideas is to reduce

the carbon foot-print of users – the amount of greenhouse produced measured in the units of

CO2. An increase in the concentration of the main greenhouse gases CO2, methane, nitrous

oxide and fluorocarbons – is believed to be responsible for Earth’s increasing temperature,

which could lead to severe floods and droughts and other environmental effects, affecting

both life and the world’s economy.

Technology Business Research (TBR) announced Dell took the number one position in its

inaugural Corporate Sustainability Index (CSI) benchmark report for 2009. The report

measures the environmental initiatives of 40 companies in the computer hardware, software,

professional services and network and telecommunications sectors.

IBM recently launched consulting service being offered by IBM is based on the Lean Six

Sigma principles of efficiently. This consulting service is aimed at examining use of energy

and water and subsequently providing the control measures to conserve energy. According to

the company sources, IBM in 1990 saved around 4.6 billion kWh of electricity and prevented

almost 3 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions. So, essentially a reduction in wastage and

recycling of the used materials is what is required to ensure green IT.

According to VMware Inc the report says that the global leader in virtualization solutions from

the desktop through the datacenter and to the cloud today announced the opening of a new

green IT datacenter in East Wenatchee, Washington. Throughout its design and build out,

VMware chose industry best practices to create an energy-efficient facility that utilizes cutting

edge technology and maximizes the use of VMware virtualization software. As a result,

VMware expects to achieve $5 million in savings per year from the facility.

The Energy Star program manufactures energy-efficient devices that require little power. For

example, many devices switch to standby mode after a specified number of inactive minutes.

Personal computers, monitors and printers should comply with the Energy Star program,

which was developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and United States

Environmental Agency (EPA). Therefore computers and devices that meet Energy Star

guidelines display an Energy Star label.

The Green Computing Project was launched in January 2009 as a development and

networking effort intended to bring the Initiative in Innovative Computing (IIC) at Harvard

multidisciplinary approach to computational science and engineering to bear on the

challenges of environmental sustainability. Over the longer term, the project aimed to catalyze

faculty efforts around two main goals – solving computational problems in the fields of

environmental sustainability and climate change, while at the same time working to mitigate

the impact of computation itself on the environment.

RECYCLING

Recycling is the last of the Three R’s: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. It should be the last option in the

chain of sustainable practices undertaken by a consumer.

Modern Computers are Power Hungry Machines.

Myth: Newer Computers are better for the Environment

This statement can actually go both ways. While green computers do use less electricity than older

machines, the process of making a new computer and then disposing of the old one can actually be

much more harmful than using the old one. All computers contain computers made with heavy metals

such as lead and are manufactured in processes that require harsh and toxic chemical techniques.

When a new computer is manufactured it requires large amounts of energy and natural resources to

create it. When an old computer is discarded it may be at its best be recycled, at worst it winds up in a

landfill potentially polluting the environment.

Recycling old computers is a much better option, but even then, decently equipped late model

computers are often resold overseas to developing countries, passing on the energy and

disposal problems to someone else.

Reality: Upgrading a computer is the only ecologically sound choice.

While not all computers are able to be upgraded doing so when appropriate is by far the best way to

save money both in energy and in materials costs. Upgrading an old, energy intensive hard drive to a

new, solid state drive provides greatly increased capacity, reduced energy consumption and the

added benefit of generating less heat inside the case. If the computer is too slow as a whole, the

existing case can often be reused by upgrading the motherboard and CPU. By upgrading instead of

replacing, a computer can be granted many more years of useful service.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO RECYCLE COMPUTER EQUIPMENT?

Also known as e-waste, discarded computer equipment comprises monitors, printers, hard drives and

circuit boards. Such items should on no account be thrown out with your household rubbish because

they contain toxic substances and are effectively hazardous waste. E-waste often ends up in the

developing world and the UN’s Environment Programme is alarmed by the amount of electronic

goods which is improperly disposed of overseas. There is increasing concern about the pollution

caused by hazardous chemicals and heavy metals in Africa, Asia and South America.

What’s in my PC? Material - Proportion Plastic - 23% Ferrous metals - 32% Non-ferrous metals - 18% Electronic boards - 12%

Glass - 15%

A single computer can contain up to 2kg of lead and the complex mixture of materials make PC’s very

difficult to recycle. New legislation came into force in 2007 to cover Waste Electrical and Electronic

Equipment (WEEE). The regulations have significant implications those who treat or recover WEEE

and stipulate that users must store, collect, treat, recycle and dispose of WEEE separately from other

waste. You can dispose of computer waste by returning the product manufacturer, taking the item to a

professional waste disposal facility or donating the goods to a non-profit organisation. Increasingly

manufacturers of electronic goods incorporate e-waste management into their environmental policies

and operate consumer recycling schemes. Dell for example, covers the cost of home pick-up,

shipping to the recycling centre and recycling of any obsolete equipment. Another example Hewlett

Packard (HP) recycled over 72 million kilograms of electronics in 2005. These schemes help to:

Reduce the volume of waste which ends up in landfill areas

Cut down on the amount of raw materials needed for the manufacture of new products

Make recycling convenient for the consumer

E-WASTE IN INDIA As there is no separate collection of e-waste in India, there is no clear data on the quantity generated

and disposed of each year and the resulting extent of environmental risk. The preferred practice to get

rid of obsolete electronic items in India is to get them in exchange from retailers when purchasing a

new item. The business sector is estimated to account for 78% of all installed computers in India

(Toxics Link, 2003). According to a report of Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), the total waste

generated by obsolete or broken down electronic and electrical equipment in India has been

estimated to be 1,46,000 tons per year (CII 2006).

IMPACT OF E-WASTES:

Electronic wastes can cause widespread environmental damage due to the use of toxic materials in

the manufacture of electronic goods. Hazardous materials such as lead, mercury and hexavalent

chromium in one form or the other are present in such wastes primarily consisting of cathode ray

tubes (CRTs), printed board assemblies, capacitors, mercury switches and relays, batteries, liquid

crystal displays (LCDs), cartridges from photocopying machines, selenium drums and electrolytes. All

electronic equipments contain printed circuit boards which are hazardous because of their content of

lead (in solder), brominated flame retardants and antimony oxide, which is also present as a flame

retardant. Landfilling of e-wastes can lead to the leaching of lead into the ground water. If the CRT is

crushed and burned, it emits toxic fumes into the air. Because plastics are highly inflammable, the

printed wiring board and housings of electronic products contain brominated flame retardants, a

number of which are clearly damaging to human health and the environment.

Company

Recycle Make environmentally

sound purchase decisions

Review paper

consumptions Consumer

energy

Green

Company

Develop a

sustainable green

computing plan

BBUUSSIINNEESSSS PPLLAANN

IINNDDUUSS GGrreeeenn CCoommppuuttiinngg

IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

The Indus Green Computing (hereinafter referred as IGC or the Company) is a company registered in

India, is proposing to venture in to the business of saving the energy through Green Computing. The

promoters are a group of young professionals and are optimistic to save the environment to the extent

possible by setting up the facility for guiding all the users of electronics components in general and

computers in particulars. In this connection, they have set up a Company, which will guide the entire

user group starting from lower income group (LIG), middle income group (MIG) to higher income

group (HIG), educational institutions, corporate and Govt. Departments to save the environment, time

and also their energy bills today and also for the time to come. These service facilities not only

facilitate the above user group to create an environment friendly working atmosphere but also help

them in reducing the variable expenditure. Initially it will operate out of India and later it wil l cater to all

the countries including underdeveloped to developed countries.

PPrroobblleemm tthhaatt ccrrooppppeedd uupp

Of late our planet is experiencing drastic change of climate be it Northern or Southern Atmosphere

but everywhere. There are irregular rainfall and unwarranted natural calamities like Katrina in USA to

Tsunami in South East Asia. There are drastic denudations of forests, receding of snowline,

increasing of sea level and the greatest impact is melting of glaciers. The water of the rivers in Indian

Peninsula, which are being used as direct drinking water by our immediate ancestors, is not fit for

bathing now. We are heading in wrong direction. To add to it, we may not be able to find out a house,

office, school, college or any campus without an electronics product and even every individual now is

carrying at least an electronic product. We are addicted to it and how far this is sustainable. It is not

easy to get rid of this but if it can be managed well there will be a lot of savings for everybody

including the Mother Earth.

E-waste contains significant quantities of toxic metals and chemicals. If these are left untreated and

disposed off in landfills or not recycled by using proper methods of recycling, they leach into the

surrounding soil, water and the atmosphere, and causes adverse effects on human health and

environment. Many elements of this waste contain poisonous substances such as lead, tin, mercury,

cadmium and barium, which cause severe diseases like cancer, birth defects, neurological and

respiratory disorders.

With the idea of the above the IGC is starting this venture.

WWaayy AAhheeaadd

There is no one line answer to the above. It needs to be addressed very carefully and each aspect of

the damage to the environment needs to be addressed may be with a business sense. There are

enough production and there is also demand now and shall continue. It requires a good distribution

and management too. IGC, thus like to address only one area by setting up a Company through

Green Computing. We have traditional computers, LCD screen computers, laptops and other modern

method of computing. A dated computer, which are being used in Railway Reservation Counters,

Airline Booking Offices and similar Govt. Offices process the data much slower than modern

computers with intel “i core” processers. The energy consumption of those computers are very high

and those organisations are large scale users and can very well afford to have better IT /Computer

infrastructure.

A report was recently released by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) about the

rising problem of E-waste in countries like China and India, which is said to be very much alarming.

Electronic sales are said to grow immensely in the next 10 years, raising the question of what to do

about all the E-waste that will come from it. A study by the Government Of India has found that the

amount of electronic waste in the country is growing at an average of 10 % every year, and 95 per

cent of it will end up in urban slums – some 434,000 metric tons. The research by the Department of

Scientific and Industrial Research estimates that 25,000 people in India's slums are employed in an

unregulated e-waste recycling industry, with just five per cent of waste going through official channels.

Much of the waste is generated domestically by India's booming IT sector, but the recycling industry is

yet to catch up.

In South Africa and China for example, the report predicts that by 2020 e-waste from old computers

will have jumped by 200 to 400 percent from 2007 levels and by over 500% in India. By that same

year in China, e-waste from discarded mobile phones will be about 7 times higher than 2007 levels

and, in India, 18 times higher.

Is it sustainable in the long run?

MMaarrkkeett SSiizzee

The growth rate of discarded electronic waste is very high in India since it has emerged as an IT giant

and due to modernization of lifestyle. We are using electronic products for last six decades and there

is no proper disposal system followed, which has lead to enormous amount of e-waste. There is a

need to find proper disposal and recycling technique so that environmental pollution and health

hazards can be reduced. Some facts as per Govt. of India Research are as under:

The total e-waste generated in India amounts to 1.46 lakhs tons per year.

Sixty-five cities in India generate more than 60% of the total e-waste generated in India.

Ten states generate 70% of the total e-waste generated in India includes Maharashtra, Tamil

du, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya

Pradesh and Punjab.

Among top ten cities generating e-waste, Mumbai ranks first followed by Delhi,

Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur.

In India, increased demand for the key products like PC, TV, and Telephones in last 5-10 year

has been responsible for the increasing amount of e-waste generation.

Among the top 10 states, Maharashtra ranks first in the e-waste generation. The total e-waste

generation in Maharashtra alone is 20,270.6 tons per year. It shows that Greater Mumbai and Pune

generates maximum amount of e-waste. This is due to the presence of a large number of Info Tech

Parks & electronic products manufacturing companies situated in these areas, which plays the main

role in e-waste generation.

e-waste Generation in Maharashtra in 2007 (Tonnes per year)

Source: Environment Dept. Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai

BBuussiinneessss MMooddeell

IGC is proposing in the initial stage to be an advisory /consulting company to be located in large

metropolis like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangaluru, Ahmedabad and Pune for

Green Computing to focus on the following:

Identification of user group who can be potential customer for taking advisory services

Shortlist some large Corporates, Govt. Organisations, large educational institutions who are

using computer or having computer laboratory, IT Companies, IT enabled services (ITES)

Making presentation on the business focus of the Company and value chain if they take the

services

The shortcomings and possible solution in using traditional method of computing

Pitching for an in house consultant for green computing till stabilisation in the field

During second stage it can network to other metro cities, “B” and “C” grade cities, with a focus on

servicing other Corporate, Mid-Corporates. Emerging Corporates and also to cater the individuals

through their housing societies.

During third stage and for further expansion, the IGC will like to set up a state of the art E-Waste

recycling and Management Company. By this time the Promoters will have enough experience to

collect the E-Waste with a very good logistic support.

The details Business Model with Revenue Model will be after taking up a market study. This will be

possible studying the demand estimation of Large Corporate, Govt. Departments and other Mid

Corporates located out of Mumbai and Pune. This service is easily saleable and there will be enough

takers.

CCoommppeettiittiioonn

A business without completion is not a challenging one and also not enjoyable. This business concept

of Green Computing and its advisory services is in nascent stage in India though the waste

generation with particular reference to E-Waste generation is growing at a faster pace.

K.G.Nandini Enterprises (KGN), Bangalore is one of the notable operators in India. There are some

others un-organised players located out from other cities. Besides some Govt. of India organisations

plays important role in guiding in E-Waste management but not specific to Green Computing.

CONCLUSION

The current practices of e-waste management in India suffer from a number of drawbacks like the

unhealthy conditions of informal recycling, inadequate legislation, poor awareness and reluctance on

part of the corporate to address the critical issues. The paper highlights the associated issues and

strategies to address this emerging problem. Now it is the time for the end user community to follow

some rules of thumb to achieve partly the benefit of “Green Computing”. In India, the implement-ability

of principle of Green Computing is facing a dilemma due to many socio-economic matters and those

are linked to be soughed out to pull India in the mainstream movement on Green Computing.

REFERENCES

Green Computing – New Horizon of Energy Efficiency and E-waste Minimization –

World Perspective vis-a-vis Indian Scenario

By Sanghita Roy and Manigrib Bag

International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing (vol. 2, no. 3)

September 2009

Green Computing: Practice of Efficient and Eco-friendly Computing Resources

By Parichay Chakraborty, Debnath Bhattacharya, Sattarova Nargiza Y, Sovan

Bedajna

Go Green, Save Green

The Benefits of Eco-friendly Computing

APC by Schneider Electric

Science Tech Entrepreneur November 2007

Green Computing

Electronic Waste Management in India – Issues and Strategies

By Kurian Joseph

Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India

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