birth of a solar system birth of a solar system chapter 17, section 1
TRANSCRIPT
Birth of a Birth of a Solar SystemSolar SystemChapter 17, Section 1
Birth of a Birth of a Solar SystemSolar SystemChapter 17, Section 1
1.Let’s review Gravitational Pull
1.Let’s review Gravitational Pull
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Investigate Lab: Analysis 4Investigate Lab: Analysis 4
Both pieces of paper should reach the bottom at the same time when the flat piece of paper is placed on a book.
They should have fallen at the same rate as the book. Gravity causes all objects to fall at the same rate, regardless of their mass.
Both pieces of paper should reach the bottom at the same time when the flat piece of paper is placed on a book.
They should have fallen at the same rate as the book. Gravity causes all objects to fall at the same rate, regardless of their mass.
Investigate Lab: Analysis 5Investigate Lab: Analysis 5
The crumpled piece of paper should reached the floor first.
While gravity pulled both pieces toward the floor, the differing result has to do with air resistance.
The crumpled piece of paper should reached the floor first.
While gravity pulled both pieces toward the floor, the differing result has to do with air resistance.
2. The Hammer & the Feather
On the Moon
2. The Hammer & the Feather
On the Moon
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3. Mythbusters : Feather & Hammer
3. Mythbusters : Feather & Hammer
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What is gravity?What is gravity?What is gravity?What is gravity?
Gravity is a force of attraction between two objects.
Gravity gets stronger as objects get bigger and closer together.
The bigger the object, the more gravitational pull it will have on nearby objects.
The Earth is so big, that it is able to pull the pieces of paper to its surface.
Gravity is a force of attraction between two objects.
Gravity gets stronger as objects get bigger and closer together.
The bigger the object, the more gravitational pull it will have on nearby objects.
The Earth is so big, that it is able to pull the pieces of paper to its surface.
4. Moon and Gravitational Pull Explained
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How did our solar How did our solar system come to be?system come to be?How did our solar How did our solar
system come to be?system come to be?Today we are going to look at a
theory created by scientists to explain how the solar system ever came to be.
We will talk about how the planets, including Earth, were formed.
What is a solar system?A solar system is composed of
the sun (a star) and the other bodies that travel around the sun.
Today we are going to look at a theory created by scientists to explain how the solar system ever came to be.
We will talk about how the planets, including Earth, were formed.
What is a solar system?A solar system is composed of
the sun (a star) and the other bodies that travel around the sun.
It all starts with a NebulaIt all starts with a NebulaIt all starts with a NebulaIt all starts with a Nebula
A what?A nebula is a huge
interstellar cloud made up of dust and gas.
Nebulas are so big it takes many years to cross them.
These nebulas are cold (10 degrees above absolute zero) and dark.
A what?A nebula is a huge
interstellar cloud made up of dust and gas.
Nebulas are so big it takes many years to cross them.
These nebulas are cold (10 degrees above absolute zero) and dark.
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GravityGravity Pulls Matter Pulls Matter TogetherTogether
GravityGravity Pulls Matter Pulls Matter TogetherTogether
These nebulas which consist of dust and gas have matter and therefore have mass.
However, the matter in a nebula is very spread out and because of this the attraction between the gas/dust particles is very small.
These nebulas which consist of dust and gas have matter and therefore have mass.
However, the matter in a nebula is very spread out and because of this the attraction between the gas/dust particles is very small.
Pressure Pushes Matter Apart
Pressure Pushes Matter Apart
As the molecules in a nebula are pulled together by gravity, they begin to hit each other and bounce back.
These collisions create a push, or pressure, within the nebula.
As the molecules in a nebula are pulled together by gravity, they begin to hit each other and bounce back.
These collisions create a push, or pressure, within the nebula.
Together, Together, gravitygravity & & pressurepressure reach a balance in a nebula.reach a balance in a nebula.Together, Together, gravitygravity & & pressurepressure reach a balance in a nebula.reach a balance in a nebula.
What is this lady talking about?What is this lady talking about?What is this lady talking about?What is this lady talking about?
Ok, think of it like this.What keeps you balanced on your chair?
Gravity pushes you down on the chairThe pressure of the chair pushes you back up.Together, they balance each other out.
Ok, think of it like this.What keeps you balanced on your chair?
Gravity pushes you down on the chairThe pressure of the chair pushes you back up.Together, they balance each other out.
The Solar Nebula FormsThe Solar Nebula FormsThe Solar Nebula FormsThe Solar Nebula Forms
So we have this perfectly happy & balanced nebula.
Suddenly, out of no where, a neighboring nebula crashes into it! Ahhhh!
When that happens stars can explode and areas can become so compressed that pressure can’t react quickly enough to balance the gravity.
So we have this perfectly happy & balanced nebula.
Suddenly, out of no where, a neighboring nebula crashes into it! Ahhhh!
When that happens stars can explode and areas can become so compressed that pressure can’t react quickly enough to balance the gravity.
The Solar Nebula FormsThe Solar Nebula FormsThe Solar Nebula FormsThe Solar Nebula Forms
Enter: the solar nebula.When nebulas collide and the balance
is upset, a star may be formed in the middle of the dust cloud.
This star, now called a solar nebula, becomes the center of the new solar system.
Enter: the solar nebula.When nebulas collide and the balance
is upset, a star may be formed in the middle of the dust cloud.
This star, now called a solar nebula, becomes the center of the new solar system.
5. Birth of a Solar System
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The solar nebula changesThe solar nebula changesThe solar nebula changesThe solar nebula changes
Once our solar nebula collapses, things happen quickly (on a cosmic scale!)
The dark clouds collapsed, matter in the clouds got closer and closer together.
The gas and dust particles moved at a faster rate.
The center of the cloud got hotter and hotter and hotter.
Once our solar nebula collapses, things happen quickly (on a cosmic scale!)
The dark clouds collapsed, matter in the clouds got closer and closer together.
The gas and dust particles moved at a faster rate.
The center of the cloud got hotter and hotter and hotter.
And it keeps changing…And it keeps changing…And it keeps changing…And it keeps changing…
Before you know it… the dust and gas begins to rotate slowly around the hot center and the solar nebula flattens into a disk.
Before you know it… the dust and gas begins to rotate slowly around the hot center and the solar nebula flattens into a disk.
6. The Birth of a Solar System
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Planetesimals FormPlanetesimals FormPlanetesimals FormPlanetesimals Form
With so many collisions happening in this swirling vortex of cloud, bits of dust start sticking together.
This dust begins to form the building blocks of planets called planetesimals.
With so many collisions happening in this swirling vortex of cloud, bits of dust start sticking together.
This dust begins to form the building blocks of planets called planetesimals.
Planets FormPlanets FormPlanets FormPlanets Form
The biggest planetesimals collect more and more of the dust & gas and eventually become a planet.
Watch it all here!
The biggest planetesimals collect more and more of the dust & gas and eventually become a planet.
Watch it all here!
Inner & Outer Planets FormInner & Outer Planets FormInner & Outer Planets FormInner & Outer Planets FormThe gas planets (or outer planets)- Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune, were all able to collect a ton of dust in the cooler, outer solar nebula.
Once they grew large enough, their gravity was strong enough to attract the nebula gases, hydrogen and helium.
The rocky planets (or inner planets) - Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars, couldn’t take the heat and all of the gases burned off, leaving only the rocky parts.
The gas planets (or outer planets)- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, were all able to collect a ton of dust in the cooler, outer solar nebula.
Once they grew large enough, their gravity was strong enough to attract the nebula gases, hydrogen and helium.
The rocky planets (or inner planets) - Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars, couldn’t take the heat and all of the gases burned off, leaving only the rocky parts.
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What makes an inner What makes an inner planet different from planet different from
an outer planet?an outer planet?
What makes an inner What makes an inner planet different from planet different from
an outer planet?an outer planet?Inner Planet
RockySmallThin atmosphereFew or no moonsMolten core in
Earth and Mars
Inner PlanetRockySmallThin atmosphereFew or no moonsMolten core in
Earth and Mars
Outer PlanetsMostly gasHugeThick atmosphereMany moonsrocky corenot dense
Outer PlanetsMostly gasHugeThick atmosphereMany moonsrocky corenot dense
7. Journey to the Edge of the Universe
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Let’s Talk: Planetary MotionLet’s Talk: Planetary MotionLet’s Talk: Planetary MotionLet’s Talk: Planetary Motion
We have one more thing to talk about today and it is…
What is planetary motion?
It is how the planets move.
We have one more thing to talk about today and it is…
What is planetary motion?
It is how the planets move.
revolution
Weird ScienceWeird Science
When you consider the motion of the Earth’s rotation, it’s revolution around the sun, and the sun’s movement around the Milky Way galaxy, you are actually traveling more than 900,000 km/h just standing still!
When you consider the motion of the Earth’s rotation, it’s revolution around the sun, and the sun’s movement around the Milky Way galaxy, you are actually traveling more than 900,000 km/h just standing still!
Planetary Motion: RotationPlanetary Motion: RotationPlanetary Motion: RotationPlanetary Motion: RotationThe Earth spins, or rotates, around its axis. Only 1/2 of the earth faces the sun at any given
time.As the earth rotates, different parts of the Earth
receive sunlight. The half facing the sun is light (day), and the
half facing away from the sun is dark (night).
The Earth spins, or rotates, around its axis. Only 1/2 of the earth faces the sun at any given
time.As the earth rotates, different parts of the Earth
receive sunlight. The half facing the sun is light (day), and the
half facing away from the sun is dark (night).
Planetary Motion: RotationPlanetary Motion: RotationPlanetary Motion: RotationPlanetary Motion: RotationDid you know we’re all a
little crooked?? The Earth’s axis is tilted
23.5˚. The Earth also rotates
very quickly - 1000 miles per hour!
How long does it take the Earth to complete one rotation (or one spin around its axis)?1 day, or 24 hours.
Did you know we’re all a little crooked?? The Earth’s axis is tilted
23.5˚. The Earth also rotates
very quickly - 1000 miles per hour!
How long does it take the Earth to complete one rotation (or one spin around its axis)?1 day, or 24 hours.
Planetary Motion: RevolutionPlanetary Motion: RevolutionPlanetary Motion: RevolutionPlanetary Motion: RevolutionThe Earth also travels around the sun in a path
called an orbit.The motion around the sun along its orbit is
called a revolution.The other planets ALSO revolve around the sun
on their orbits.
The Earth also travels around the sun in a path called an orbit.
The motion around the sun along its orbit is called a revolution.
The other planets ALSO revolve around the sun on their orbits.
Planetary Motion: RevolutionPlanetary Motion: RevolutionPlanetary Motion: RevolutionPlanetary Motion: RevolutionHow long does it take the Earth to revolve around the sun?
The Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days or 1 year.We call this the period of revolution.Make sure you know the difference between revolution &
rotation!!!!
How long does it take the Earth to revolve around the sun?The Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days or 1 year.
We call this the period of revolution.Make sure you know the difference between revolution &
rotation!!!!
Let’s Try it!Let’s Try it!Let’s Try it!Let’s Try it! Whoever is the blondest person in your group is the:
SUN - stand still & shine! The tallest person is the:
EARTH rotating around its axis and revolving around the sun - be a graceful ballerina!
The smallest person is the: MOON rotating around its axis and revolving around the Earth - be calm
and serene! The last person:
Make sure they’re doing it right - be a bossy dictator!
Whoever is the blondest person in your group is the: SUN - stand still & shine!
The tallest person is the: EARTH rotating around its axis and revolving around the sun - be a
graceful ballerina! The smallest person is the:
MOON rotating around its axis and revolving around the Earth - be calm and serene!
The last person: Make sure they’re doing it right - be a bossy dictator!
Question of the dayQuestion of the day Question of the dayQuestion of the day
Why do we have seasons???Why do we have seasons???
8. Harvard Graduates should know!
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9. Let’s see if these kids know better!9. Let’s see if these kids know better!
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Why do we have seasons???
Why do we have seasons???
Does the Earth get closer to the sun for summertime to occur????
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOThe placement of the Earth in orbit
has NOTHING to do with seasonsThe seasons are caused by the tilt
of the Earth on its axis.
Does the Earth get closer to the sun for summertime to occur????
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOThe placement of the Earth in orbit
has NOTHING to do with seasonsThe seasons are caused by the tilt
of the Earth on its axis.
Seasons & the Earth’s TiltSeasons & the Earth’s TiltSeasons & the Earth’s TiltSeasons & the Earth’s Tilt Hey, didn’t I warn you that we’re all a little crooked? In the summer, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward
the sun. In the winter, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away
from the sun. In fact, Earth is actually closest to the sun during the
Northern hemisphere’s winter.
Hey, didn’t I warn you that we’re all a little crooked? In the summer, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward
the sun. In the winter, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away
from the sun. In fact, Earth is actually closest to the sun during the
Northern hemisphere’s winter.
Why are there seasons?Why are there seasons?
Of course, no one can explain it better than Tim & Moby.
BrainPOP: Seasons
Of course, no one can explain it better than Tim & Moby.
BrainPOP: Seasons