ZAŠTITA PTICA NA

KAMENOLOMU RIBNICA

BIRD PROTECTION AT THE

RIBNICA QUARRY

Nermina Sarajlić

Asja Ĉorbo

Selvir Džafić

Tarik Dervović

Kamenolom Rib

Kamenolom Ribnica kao stanište ptica

Kamenolom Ribnica nalazi se na juţnim padinama Ravan

planine, sjeverozapadno od Kaknja, u blizini sela Subotinje i

Šišići, na nadmorskoj visini od 405-685 m.

Na ovom lokalitetu se sa četinarskim vrstama (smrča, bijeli i

crni bor) smjenjuju zajednice hrasta kitnjaka, graba i bukve uz

poneko stablo divlje trešnje i gorskog javora i veći broj

grmolikih vrsta: drijen, svib, poljski javor, lijeska, dok je oko sela

Šišići meliorirano zemljište prekriveno poljoprivrednim

površinama (voćnjacima i njivama). U podnoţju

kamenoloma nalazi se rijeka Ribnica, sa razvijenim šibljacima

vrbe i topole.

Ovako veliki diverzitet biljnog pokrivača uslovio je prisustvo

različitih vrsta ptica, koje se u blizini kamenoloma Ribnica

zadrţavaju tokom cijele godine, na gnijeţđenju ili prelijeću

ovo područje u periodu proljetne ili jesenske migracije.

Ribnica quarry as the birds' habitat

Ribnica quarry is located on the southern slopes of the Ravan

mountain, northwest of Kakanj, near the villages Subotinje

and Šišići, at an altitude of 405-685 m.

On this site, the coniferous tree species (spruce, Scotch pine

and black pine) alternate with the communities of sessile

oak, hornbeam and beech, occasional wild cherry and

sycamore and a number of shrub species: dogwood, field

maple, hazel, while the area around Šišići village is covered

with agricultural land (orchards and fields). At the bottom of

the quarry, there is the Ribnica river, overgrown with willow

and poplar shrubs.

Such a great diversity of plant cover has caused the

presence of various bird species, which can be seen near

the Ribnica quarry throughout the year, during breeding

period, or which fly over this area during the spring or autumn

migrations.

Ptice oko nas:

posmatranje, proučavanje, zaštita

Ptice su neodvojivi dio naše okoline i predstavljaju najbolje pokazatelje njenog stanja, a ujedno

imaju i veliki značaj za ţivot čovjeka jer raznose sjemena biljaka i uništavaju veliki broj štetnih

insekata i glodara, a sluţe i kao hrana velikom broju ţivotinja. U slučaju bilo kakve promjene u

okolišu (zagađenje vazduha, vode, tla), ptice brzo reaguju – odlaze, dajući nam do znanja da

nešto nije kako treba. Zaštitom ptica štitimo i prirodu u cjelini.

Ptice moţemo štititi na više načina: postavljanjem hranilica tokom zime i kućica za gnijeţđenje,

ali i praćenjem stanja njihove brojnosti i ukazivanjem značaja ptica što većem broju ljudi,

posebno djece i mladih.

Kao načine zaštite ptica na kamenolomu Ribnica odabrali smo postavljanje kućica za

gnijeţđenje i izradu ove edukativne brošure, u kojoj će biti objašnjena izrada i postavljanje

kućica za ptice, predstavljen zanimljiv način proučavanja ptica za svakoga – birdwatching i

dat pregled ptica koje su tokom istraţivanja u okviru projekta zabiljeţene na području

kamenoloma Ribnica.

The birds around us:

observation, study, protection The birds are an inseparable part of our environment and the best indicators of its condition.

They also have a great significance for humans - they distribute the seeds and feed on a large

number of harmful insects and rodents, and also represent food for large number of animal

species. In case of any changes in the environment (air, water or soil pollution), the birds react

quickly – they leave, letting us know that something is wrong. By protecting the birds, we protect

the nature in general.

The birds can be protected in several ways: by setting up the feeders and nestboxes, but also

by monitoring their numbers and pointing out the importance of birds to as many people as

possible, especially children and youth.

As a way to protect the birds in the Ribnica quarry, we have decided to set up the nestboxes

and create this educational brochure, in which we will explain how to build and set up the

nestbox, present an interesting way of studying the birds - bird watching and give an overview

of birds which were registered in Ribnica quarry during the research within our project.

Kućice za ptice

Zbog sječe suhih i oštećenih stabala u šumama, parkovima i voćnjacima, pojedine vrste ptica koje se

gnijezde u dupljama nemaju gdje napraviti gnijezdo. Dešava se i da nađu neku plitku rupu u drvetu i

tu snesu jaja, ali ptići koji se komešaju često ispadnu i uginu na tlu ili postanu plijen različitih

grabljivaca. Postavljanjem kućica pomaţemo gnijeţđenje velikog broja ptica koje sve teţe pronalaze

prostor gdje bi napravile gnijezdo.

Nestboxes – birdhouses Due to the cutting of dead and damaged trees in forests, parks and orchards, the cavity-breeding

birds have nowhere to nest. Sometimes they find a shallow hole in the tree and lay eggs there, but in

those cases the chicks often fall out and die on the ground or become prey to various predators. By

setting up the nestboxes we help a large number of birds, which can barely find a space to make

their nests.

Koje ptice se gnijezde u kućicama?

Which birds use nestboxes?

Ćuk

Eurasian Scops Owl

Ĉvorak

Common Starling

Šumska sova

Tawny Owl

Velika sjenica

Great Tit

Plava sjenica

Blue Tit

Jelova sjenica

Coal Tit

Brgljez

Eurasian Nuthatch

Crvendać

European Robin

Golub grivnjaš

Common Wood Pigeon

Kako napraviti kućicu za ptice?

Kućice za ptice je najbolje praviti od dasaka debljine 2-

2,5 cm, a nipošto od metala i plastike koji ne pruţaju

nikakvu toplinsku izolaciju. Krov treba biti od tvrdog

drveta, otpornog na vlagu ili pokriven gumom ili

ljepenkom. Da bi se spriječio ulazak kišnice, kućicu je

potrebno nakositi prema naprijed, a za slučaj jačih i

obilnijih padavina spriječiti zadrţavanje vode u kućici

bušenjem nekoliko rupa prečnika 6-7 mm na dnu. Da bi

se povećala otpornost i osigurala trajnost, kućice se

mogu premazati za ptice neškodljivim sredstvom za

zaštitu drveta na bazi vode, i to samo sa vanjske strane,

a vaţno je i izbjegavati bojenje jarkim bojama.

How to make a birdhouse?

The best material for building a birdhouse is 2-2.5 cm

thick timber – not metal or plastic – materials which

provide no heath insulation. The roof should be made of

hard wood, resistant to moisture or covered with rubber

or similar material. In order to prevent the entry of

rainwater, the entrance should be slightly angled

downwards, and a couple of holes (6-7 mm diameter)

should be drilled in the base of the birdhouse to ensure

that any rain that does get in can drain out quickly. To

ensure durability, the birdhouses can be coated with

non-toxic water-based wood preservatives, but only on

the outside. It is also important to avoid painting the

birdhouse with bright colors.

Kako napraviti kućicu za ptice?

Kućice treba redovno čistiti, a da bi to bilo moguće potrebno je da se krov,

dno ili stranica mogu otvoriti. Ulazni otvor treba prilagoditi veličini ptice

kojoj je kućica namijenjena. Veličina otvora varira od 2 cm za sjenice, do 15

za šumske sove. Kućice je najbolje postaviti na visinu od 2-5 m, na mjestu

zaštićenom od vjetra. Većina ptica koje gnijezde u dupljama su

teritorijalne vrste, pa kućice treba postavljati na najmanju udaljenost od 20-

40 m. S obzirom da neke ptice kućice koriste tokom cijele godine, ne samo

za gnijeţđenje već i kao sklonište tokom jeseni i zime, potrebno ih je

postaviti što ranije, najbolje između septembra i marta.

Većina ptica je vrlo osjetljiva na uznemiravanje tokom perioda gnijeţđenja,

i neke od njih čak mogu i napustiti gnijezdo i ostaviti jaja ili ptiće, ili se moţe

desiti da se ptići uplaše i ispadnu iz gnijezda pa stradaju kao ţrtve

grabljivaca. Zbog toga ne smijeno zavirivati u kućice tokom proljeća i ljeta,

nego uţivati posmatrajući ptice sa pristojne udaljenosti.

How to make a birdhouse?

The birdhouses should be regularly cleaned, so they should be constructed

in a way that the top, the base or the sides can be opened or

disassembled. The size of the entrance hole varies from 2 cm (for the

titmice), to 15 cm (for Tawny Owls). The birdhouses should be mounted at a

height of 2-5 m, away from the prevailing winds. Most cavity-nesting birds

are territorial species, so the birdhouses should be set to the minimum

distance of 20-40 m. Since some birds use the nestboxes throughout the

year, not just for breeding but also as a shelter during the fall and winter,

they should be set up as early as possible, preferably between September

and March.

Most birds are very sensitive to disturbance during the nesting period, and

some of them may even abandon the nest and leave the eggs or chicks. In

some cases the chicks may get frightened, fall out of the nest and get killed

by predators. Therefore, we should not attempt to open the birdhouses

during the spring and summer, but enjoy watching the birds from a

distance.

Posmatranje ptica – birdwatching : nov, zanimljiv hobi!

Posmatranje ptica ili birdwatching postaje sve popularniji hobi ljubitelja prirode, a podrazumijeva

prepoznavanje ptica na osnovu njihovog izgleda, ponašanja ili glasanja. Ptice moţete posmatrati

bilo gdje – u svom dvorištu, parku, na planini, u šumi, pored rijeke ili jezera. Iako ptice moţete

posmatrati i golim okom, dobro bi bilo imati dvogled, koji omogućava da ptice posmatrate sa veće

daljine i da ne uplašite, a u prepoznavanju različitih vrsta pomoći će ilustrovani priručnik (ključ). Trebat će vam i biljeţnica u koju ćete zapisivati svoja zapaţanja (datum, mjesto, ime, opis ili skicu

ptice koju ste vidjeli). U početku moţe izgledati teško ili čak nemoguće, ali ćete vremenom naučiti

da razlikujete veliki broj ptičijih vrsta, ne samo prema boji i veličini, nego i prema ponašanju, glasanju i

mjestu na kojem ţive.

Birdwatching: new, interesting hobby!

Birdwatching is an increasingly popular hobby of nature lovers – observation and identification of

birds on the basis of their appearance, behavior or sounds. Birds can be seen everywhere - in

backyards, parks, mountains, woods, near rivers or lakes. Although the birds can be observed with the

naked eye, it is advisable to have binoculars, which allows the birds to be observed from a larger

distance, without being frightened. For identification, you can use various illustrated bird guides. You

will also need a notebook to write down your observations (date, place, name, description or sketch

of birds you've seen). In the beginning may seem difficult or even impossible, but you will eventually

learn to distinguish a large number of bird species, not only by color and size, but also by their

behavior, sounds and habitat.

Vrste ptica na području

kamenoloma Ribnica

zabilježene tokom terenskih istraživanja

Bird species in the area of

Ribnica quarry

recorded during field visits

Najčešća i najkrupnija patka plivačica (55-62 cm) na našim prostorima. Muţjake je

lako prepoznati po tamnozelenoj glavi i vratu, bijeloj ogrlici i izrazito ţutom kljunu.

Ţenke imaju neugledno perje smeđe boje. Nastanjuje gusto obrasle obale rijeka,

jezera, bara i močvara, a nerijetko se nađe i u gradskim kanalima i vještačkim

jezercima u parkovima. Hrani se vodenim biljkama, ali i raznim insektima, ribama i

ţabama. Vrlo brzo leti i dobro pliva. Gnijezdi se na skrivenim mjestima, najčešće uz

obale. Ţenka snese 6-10 jaja na kojima leţi oko mjesec dana, a o mladima se brinu

oba roditelja. Divlja patka je stanarica.

The most common and largest dubbling duck (55-62 cm) of the region. The males are

easily recognized by dark green head and neck, white collar and distinctly yellow

beak. The females havebrown-speckled plumage. It inhabits the densely vegetated

riverbanks, lakes, ponds and swamps, and it can be often seen in artificial lakes in

parks. It feeds on aquatic plants, as well as a variety of insects, fish and frogs. It flies

fast and swims well. The Mallard nests in hidden places, mostly along the waterside.

The female lays 6-10 eggs which she incubates for about a month, while both

parents care for the chicks. It is a resident species in the region.

Anas platyrhynchos Divlja patka

Mallard

Siva čaplja je najrasprostranjenija i najveća čaplja na našim prostorima, visoka 90-100

cm, sa rasponom krila od 175-195 cm. Svijetlosive je boje, a u letu su dobro vidljiva

crna pera na vrhovima krila. Dok leti, drţi vrat savijen i sporo zamahuje krilima. Kod

nas je redovna gnjezdarica i nastanjuje močvare, jezera i obale rijeka zarasle trskom.

Gnijezdi se u kolonijama, na drveću ili u gustom grmlju, a ţenka polaţe 3-5 jaja na

kojima leţi mjesec dana. O mladuncima se brinu oba roditelja. Hrani se ribama,

ţabama, insektima i drugim malim ţivotinjama. Kada se stajaće vode zalede, sive

čaplje odlaze do najbliţe rijeke i tamo provode zimu.

Ardea cinerea Siva čaplja

Grey Heron

Grey Heron is the most widespread and largest (90-100

cm) heron in the region, with a wingspan of 175-195 cm.

It is a light gray bird, with black feathers clearly visible on

the wing tips in flight. While flying, it holds its long neck

retracted. It is a regular breeder in the area, inhabiting

swamps, lakes and river banks overgrown with reeds. It

nests in colonies, in trees or thick bush, where the female

lays 3-5 eggs which she incubates for month. Both

parents care for the chicks. Grey Heron feeds on fish,

frogs, insects and other small animals. When lakes and

swamps freeze, Grey Herons go to the nearest river and

spend the winter there.

Najčešća grabljivica na našim prostorima. Boja perja varira od

tamnosmeđe do skoro potpuno bijele, pa se ova ptica najlakše

prepoznaje po zbijenom tijelu kada stoji i svjetlijem pojasu preko grudi i

velikim, blago uzdignutim krilima kada leti. Ĉesto se viđa na rubovima

šuma, kako stoji na ogradama i stubovima uz puteve ili polako kruţi

iznad poljoprivrednih površina, polja i livada. Hrani se uglavnom malim

sisarima, ali i gmizavcima, vodozemcima i insektima. Gnijezda gradi na

visokom drveću, obično četinarskom. Početkom proljeća snese

najčešće 3-4 jaja na kojima naizmjenično sjede i muţjak i ţenka, a ptići

se osamostaljuju nakon 40-ak dana. Škanjac je stanarica. U Bosni i

Hercegovini se nalazi na listi zakonom zaštićenih vrsta.

Buteo buteo Škanjac mišar

Common Buzzard

This is the most common raptor in the area. The plumage color

varies from dark brown to almost completely white, so this bird

is most easily recognized by compacted body when standing

and brighter band across the chest and large, slightly raised

wings when flying. It is often seen on forest edges, standing on

fences and columns along the roads or slowly circling above

the farmland, fields and meadows.

It feeds mainly on small mammals, but also reptiles, amphibians

and insects. It nests on tall trees, usually coniferous. In early

spring the female lays 3-4 eggs, which male helps incubating.

The chicks leave the nest after 40 days. The Common Buzzard is

a resident bird species in the area, and in Bosnia and

Herzegovina it is protected by Law.

Golub grivnjaš se od ostalih golubova razlikuje po veličini (38-45 cm, raspon krila 70-80

cm), bijelim pjegama sa obje strane vrata i bijelim linijama na krilima, koje se jasno vide

u letu. Gnijezdi se u krošnjama stabala u šumama, parkovima i vrtovima, često u blizini

ceste ili rijeke. Obično polaţe dva jaja na kojima leţi 17-19 dana, a ptići se osamostaljuju

nakon 30 dana. Uglavnom se hrani mladim lišćem i voćem, a povremeno i insektima.

Na sjevernijim područjima je selica i viđa se između marta i oktobra, a na jugu se

zadrţava tokom cijele godine.

Columba palumbus Golub grivnjaš

Common Wood Pigeon

The Common Wood Pigeon is identified by its size (38-45 cm, wingspan 70-80 cm),

white spots on both sides of the neck and white lines on the wings, which are clearly

visible in flight. It nests in the trees in the forests, parks and gardens, often near roads or

rivers. It usually lays two eggs which it incubates for 17-19 days. The chicks leave the

nest after 30 days. It mainly feeds on young leaves and fruits, but it occasionally eats

insects as well. In the northern areas of the country this species is seen between

March and October, and in the south it is a resident.

Kukavica je ptica selica veličine goluba, dugih, šiljatih krila, sive boje i sa poprečnim

prugama na stomaku. Moţe se vidjeti kao tamni obris u brzom preletu preko polja do

najbliţeg drveća, a u proljeće se muţjaci glasaju zvonkim, prepoznatljivim zovom.

Kukavice su prilično česte na svim vrstama šumovitih i otvorenih staništa, od nizina do

planinskih obronaka. Ova vrsta ne gradi gnijezdo, nego svoja jaja podmeće u gnijezda

drugih ptica, najčešće malih pjevica. U jednoj sezoni snese oko 20 jaja. Hrani se

insektima, pa uništava veliki broj štetočina, zbog čega se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za

poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini. Zimuje u Africi, juţno od Sahare.

Cuculus canorus Kukavica

Common Cuckoo

This bird does not make its' own nest, but plants their egg into the

nests of other species, mostly small passerines. It can lay up to 20

eggs in one season. The Cuckoo feeds on insects, including the

harmful ones, and that is why it is listed as a species of particular

importance for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and

Herzegovina. It winters in Africa, south from Sahara.

Cuckoo is a pigeon-sized migratory bird with long, pointed wings, ash-grey upper parts

and dark-barred white belly. It can be see as a dark, streamlined shape flying quite fast

across fields between woodland, and in spring the males can be heard announcing their

presence by loud, characteristic sounds. Cuckoos are fairly common in all types of

terrain, in woodland and in open country right up to mountain slopes.

Ćuk je mala sivkastosmeđa sova (19-21 cm, raspon krila

oko 50 cm) sa malim ušnim ćubama. Ima kratak rep i

krupne, ţute oči. Aktivan je noću, a danju spava skriven

u krošnji. Gnijezdi se u duplji na drvetu, u koju ţenka snese

3-4 jaja i na njima leţi oko 20 dana.

Otus scops Ćuk Eurasian Scops Owl

This is a small greyish-brown owl (19-21 cm, wingspan of about 50 cm) with small ear

tufts, short tail and large yellow eyes. It is largely nocturnal, and during the day it sleeps

hidden in the trees. It breeds in tree holes, in which the female lays 3-4 eggs and

incubates them for about 20 days. The chicks leave the nest after 40 days, but still

remain close to it for the next 20 days, to get the food from the parents. This owl mainly

feeds on large insects, but also amphibians, reptiles and small mammals. It inhabits

open and semi-open habitats with scattered trees, forests, parks, orchards and gardens.

It is migratory, wintering in western and eastern Africa, and returning to Europe by the

end of March. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, this species is protected by Law.

Mladunce, koji gnijezdo napuštaju nakon 40 dana, ali se i narednih 20-ak

zadrţavaju u blizini, hrane oba roditelja. Ćuk se uglavnom hrani krupnim

insektima, ali i vodozemcima, gmizavcima i malim sisarima. Naseljava

otvorena i poluotvorena staništa sa raštrkanim drvećem, prorijeđene šume,

parkove, voćnjake i vrtove. Selica je, u septembru odlazi na zimovanje u

zapadnu i istočnu Afriku, a vraća se krajem marta. U Bosni i Hercegovini ova

vrsta je zakonom zaštićena.

Šumska sova je svijetlosmeđa ili sivosmeđa ptica, sa velikom okruglom glavom i tamnim

očima, bez ušnih ćuba. Ţenke su veće i teţe od muţjaka. Ţivi u starim lišćarskim i

mješovitim šumama, ali se moţe naći i u blizini naselja. Gnijezdi se u dupljama starog

drveća kojeg je danas sve manje, pa rado prihvata kućice za gnijeţđenje. Stanarica je.

Ţenka snese 2-4 jaja na kojima sjedi 28-30 dana, dok je muţjak hrani. Ptići se

osamostaljuju poslije 28-35 dana. Hrani se uglavnom glodarima koji ţive u šumi, ali i

pticama, kišnim glistama i krupnim insektima. Šumska sova je zakonom zaštićena vrsta

u Bosni i Hercegovini. .

Strix aluco Šumska sova Tawny Owl

Tawny Owl is a light brown or gray-brown bird with

large round head and dark eyes, with no ear tufts. The

females are larger and heavier than males. This owl

inhabits old deciduous and mixed forests, but can also

be found in the vicinity of the settlements. It nests in the

holes in old trees, and readily accepts the nestboxes. It

is a resident species. The female lays 2-4 eggs which

she incubates for 28-30 days, while the male feeds her.

The chicks leave the nest after 28-35 days. Tawny Owl

mainly feeds on rodents that live in the forest, but also

birds, earthworms and large insects. Tawny Owl is

protected species in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Muţjak ima izraţenu crnu prugu preko očiju, sivo tjeme, crvenkastosmeđa leđa i krila i

crni rep sa bijelim perima na rubu. Ţenka je sa gornje strane smeđa, a po grudima

ima sitne polumjesečaste šare. Rusi svračak se najčešće viđa na otvorenim terenima

sa gustim grmljem i pojedinačnim drvećem, kao što su stari voćnjaci. Gnijezdo pravi u

gustom grmlju ili na drvetu, uz stablo. Hrani se uglavnom krupnim insektima, ali i

miševima i vodozemcima. Selica je. Rusi svračak se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za

poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Lanius collurio Rusi svračak Red-backed Shrike

Male has a distinctive black stripe through eyes, gray head,

reddish-brown back and wings and a black tail with white

feathers on the edge. The female has is brown upperparts

and buff and vermiculated underparts.

The Red-backed Shrike is usually seen in

open areas with dense shrubs and individual

trees, like the old orchards. It nests in the

thick bushes or in the trees, near the trunk. It

feeds mainly on large insects, but also mice

and amphibians. It is migratory, and listed as

a species of importance for agriculture and

forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Šojka je ruţičastosmeđa ptica sa crnim repom i upadljivim svijetloplavim perima na

krilima. Ţivi u lišćarskim i mješovitim šumama, voćnjacima i parkovima. Hrani se

malim gmizavcima, insektima, sjemenkama i plodovima. Ĉesto skuplja ţireve i

zakopava ih u zemlju, čime ima vaţnu ulogu u uspostavljanju i razvijanju hrastovih šuma.

Gnijezdi se na drveću ili velikom grmlju. Ţenka snese 4-6 jaja iz kojih se nakon 16-19

dana izlegu ptići o kojima se brinu oba roditelja. Stanarica je.

Garrulus glandarius Šojka Eurasian Jay

This is a pinkish brown bird with a black

tail and striking bright blue feathers on

the wings. It inhabits decidous and

mixed forests, orchards and parks and

feeds on small lizards, insects, seeds

and fruits. The Jays often collect

acorns and bury them in the ground,

which plays an important role in the

establishment and development of

oak forests. This species nests in trees or

large shrubs. The female lays 4-6 eggs

which hatch after 16-19 days. Both

parents care for the chicks. The Jay is

a resident species.

Svraka se lako prepoznaje po bijelim krilima i trbuhu, crnim leđima i gornjem dijelu

grudi i dugom, crnom repu. Ĉesta je na terenima sa pojedinačnim drvećem i

ţbunjem, od gradskih parkova, preko voćnjaka, do njiva. Na vrhu visokog drveća

pravi gnijezdo u koje u proljeće ţenka snese 5-8 jaja na kojima leţi oko 20 dana.

Za mlade se brinu oba roditelja. Hrani se insektima, malim kičmenjacima,

sjemenkama i raznim plodovima. Svraka je ptica stanarica.

Pica pica Svraka Eurasian Magpie

The Magpie is easily recognized by white wings and

belly, black back and upper chest and long, black

tail. It is fairly common on areas with solitary trees

and shrubs, from city parks, orchards, to the

agricultural land. It builds its nest on top of tall trees.

In spring, the female lays 5-8 spring eggs, which she

incubates about 20 days. Both parents care

for the young. This bird feeds on insects, small

vertebrates, seeds and various fruits. The Magpie is

a resident bird species.

Ova ptica je lako prepoznatljiva po sivom tijelu, crnoj glavi, krilima i repu. Ţivi na

otvorenim područjima sa grmljem i drvećem, parkovima i drvoredima. Hrani se

raznim sitnim ţivotinjama, insektima, jajima drugih ptica, sjemenkama i plodovima.

Na drveću gradi gnijezda u koja početkom proljeća ţenka snese 4-6 jaja, a za

mlade se brinu oba roditelja. Ĉesto se viđa kako leti pojedinačno ili u rijetkim

jatima. Siva vrana je ptica stanarica.

Corvus cornix Siva vrana Hooded Crow

This bird is easily recognizable by its gray body,

black head, wings and tail. It lives in open

areas with shrubs and trees, parks and alleys.

The Hooded Crow feeds on a variety of small

animals, insects, other birds’ eggs, seeds and

fruits. It builds nests in trees, and in early spring

the female lays 4-6 eggs. Both parents care for

the chicks. The Hooded Crow is a resident bird,

often seen flying singly or in smaller flocks.

Gavran je krupna ptica (duţina oko 65 cm, raspon krila 120-140 cm), crne boje i

veoma snaţnog kljuna. U letu se od grabljivica razlikuje po klinastom obliku repa, a

još lakše po glasnom zvuku koji ispušta. Stanarica je, ţivi po obroncima brda i planina

i gnijezdi se na stijenama ili stablima. Na 4-6 jaja preteţno leţi ţenka, a o ptićima se

brinu oba roditelja. Hrani se sjemenkama, malim sisarima, jajima drugih ptica, ali i

strvinama. U Bosni i Hercegovini gavran je zakonom zaštićena vrsta.

Corvus corax

Gavran Common Raven

Common Raven is a large all-black bird (lenght about 65 cm,

wingspan of 120-140 cm), with prominent, slightly curved beak. In

flight, it can be distinguished from the birds of prey by a wedge-

shaped tail, and even more easily by loud calls. This is a resident

bird species, which inhabits the slopes of hills and mountains, and

nests on cliffs and tall trees. The female incubates 4-6 eggs

by herself, but both parents

care for the chicks. Common

Raven feeds on seeds, small

mammals, eggs of other birds

and carrion. In Bosnia and

Herzegovina, this species is

protected by Law.

Ćubasta ševa na leđima i krilima ima tamnosivo perje sa smeđim prugama, a donja

strana tijela joj je bijele boje. Prepoznaje se po ćubi na vrhu glave i kratkom repu sa

ţutosmeđim rubovima. Obično pjeva dok stoji na tlu ili nekoj ogradi. Hrani se

sjemenkama i insektima. Ţivi na otvorenim suhim livadama sa niskim rastinjem, ali se

sreće i na rubovima šuma, uz puteve i u gradovima. Ţenka gradi gnijezdo na tlu, u

niskoj travi i plićim udubljenjima i u njega polaţe 2-5 jaja, na kojima sjedi 11-14 dana.

Selica je. Ova ptica se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u

Bosni i Hercegovini.

Galerida cristata Ćubasta ševa Crested Lark

Crested lark is a small, spotted greyish-brown bird which has a

short tail with lightbrown outer feathers and white underparts.

It is recognizable by the distinct crest. It usually sings while

standing on the ground or a fence. It feeds on seeds and

insects. The Crested Lark is a migratory bird, which lives in

open dry meadows with low vegetation, but it can also be

found on forest edges, along the roads and in settlements.

The female builds a nest on the ground, in short grass and

shallow holes and lays 2-5 eggs, which she incubates for 11-14

days. This bird is listed as a species of particular importance

for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Lastavica je mala ptica sa crnim leđima plavkastog odsjaja, riđim grlom i čelom

i bijelim trbuhom. Dok leti, moţe izgledati potpuno crna - najlakše se prepoznaje po

dugom, rašljastom repu. Ţivi u blizini naselja, češće na selu nego u gradovima.

Gnijezdo gradi od blata, najčešće na izbočinama na zidovima i stijenama. U maju

ţenka snese 4-6 jaja iz kojih se nakon 12-17 dana izlegu mladi o kojima se brinu oba

roditelja. Hrani se uglavnom letećim insektima. Selica je, a u Bosni i Hercegovini se

moţe vidjeti od marta do oktobra. Lastavica se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za

poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.

Hirundo rustica Lastavica Barn Swallow

Barn Swallow is a small bird with dark back

glittering with blue, rust-coloured throat, white

belly. When it flies, it can look totally black – it’s

easiest to recognize by its long forked tail. It lives

near settlements, more commonly in villages than

in cities. Swallows build nests of mud, mostly on

ridges on rocks and walls. In May, the female lays

4-6 eggs which she incubates for 12-17 days. Both

parents care for the chicks. The Barn Swallow

feeds mostly on flying insects. It is a migratory

species, which in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be

seen between March and October, and is listed

as a species of particular importance for

agriculture and forestry.

Jelova sjenica je manja od vrapca (duţine 10-11 cm), ima crnu glavu sa bijelim

obrazima, bijele pjege na potiljku, blijedoţućkast trbuh i dvostruke bijele pruge

na krilima. Naseljava četinarske i mješovite šume. Hrani se insektima, paucima,

sjemenkama i voćem. Gnijezdo pravi u šupljinama stijena, dupljama u drveću,

pod korijenjem. Godišnje ima 1-2 legla sa 6-8 jaja. Stanarica je. Jelova sjenica se

nalazi listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Periparus ater Jelova sjenica Coal Tit

Coal Tit is smaller than a sparrow (10-11 cm in

lenght), and recognizable by a black head with

white cheeks, white spot on the nape, whitish

underparts and double white stripes on the wings.

It inhabits coniferous and mixed forests and feeds

on insects, spiders, seeds and fruits. It builds its nest

in cavities in rocks, trees. It breeds once or twice

per year, and lays 6-8 eggs. Coal Tit is a resident

bird species, and can be found on the list of the

species important for agriculture and forestry in

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Od drugih sjenica se razlikuje po veličini (oko 14 cm) i širokoj crnoj liniji po sredini ţute

donje strane tijela. Glava i vrat su crni, sa bijelim obrazima, a gornja strana tijela je

maslinastozelena. Ĉesta je i brojna u svim vrstama šuma, parkovima i voćnjacima.

Gnijezdo pravi u dupljama drveća i jedna je od vrsta koje najradije prihvataju kućice

za gnijeţđenje. Ţenka snese 5-9 jaja, a mladunce hrane oba roditelja. Hrani se raznim

vrstama insekata i sjemenkama. Velika sjenica je stanarica. Nalazi se listi vrsta

značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Parus major Velika sjenica Great Tit

This tit is easily recognizable by its size

(length about 14 cm), and broad black

mid-line stripe on the yellow chest. The

head and neck are black, cheeks are

white, and the upperparts are olive green.

It is common and numerous bird in all

types of forests, parks and orchards. It

nests in cavities in hollow trees and is one

of the species which readily accepts the

nestboxes. The female lays 5-9 eggs and

both parents care for the chicks. It feeds

on various insects and seeds. Great Tit is a

resident species and is mentioned on the

list of species important for agriculture and

forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ova mala ptica se prepoznaje po ţutom trbuhu, plavim krilima, gornjem dijelu glave i

repu. Ĉesta je u lišćarskim šumama, voćnjacima i parkovima. Hrani se insektima,

paucima i sjemenkama. Gnijezdi se u dupljama drveća i pukotinama stijena, pa rado

naseljava kućice za ptice. Nese 6-12 jaja, a mlade hrane oba roditelja. Stanarica je.

Plava sjenica se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i

Hercegovini.

Cyanistes caeruleus Plava sjenica Blue Tit

This small bird is identified by yellow

belly, blue wings, top of the head and

tail. It is fairly common in deciduous

forests, orchards and parks. It feeds on

insects, spiders and seeds. Blue Tit nests

in hollow trees and rock crevices, and it

readily accepts the birdhouses. The

female lays 6-12 eggs, and both parents

care for the chicks. It is a resident

species and is mentioned on the list of

species important for agriculture and

forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brgljez ima plavo-siva leđa, ruţičastonarandţastu donju stranu tijela, bijeli vrat i izraţenu

dugu crnu prugu preko oka. Viđa se u bjelogoričnim i miješanim šumama, parkovima i

vrtovima, kako naglavce silazi niz deblo. Gnijezdi se u šupljem drveću, često u starim

rupama djetlića, na kojima smanjuje ulaz oblijepivši ga blatom. Ţenka polaţe 6-9 jaja, na

kojima leţi 13-18 dana, a o mladuncima se brinu oba roditelja. Hrani se uglavnom

insektima, a tokom jeseni i zime i sjemenkama i orašastim plodovima. Stanarica je.

Brgljez se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Sitta europaea Brgljez Eurasian Nuthatch

This bird has a blue-gray upperparts, pink-

orange underparts, white neck and a

distinctive long black eye-stripe. It can be

seen in deciduous and mixed forests, parks

and gardens, as it descends the tree head-

first. It nests in hollow trees, often in old

woodpecker holes, which it plasters with mud

to make the entrance smaller. The female lays

6-9 eggs, and incubates them for 13-18 days.

Both parents care for the chicks. Nuthatch

mainly feeds on insects, but during fall and

winter it also eats nuts and various seeds. It is a

resident species and is mentioned on the list of

species important for agriculture and forestry

in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ova neupadljiva ptičica ima maslinastosmeđe perje sa gornje, a prljavobijelo sa

donje strane tijela. Najlakše se prepoznaje po karakterističnoj, monotonoj pjesmi.

Ţivi u šumama, šibljacima i većim parkovima. Selica je, ali se u vrijeme blaţih zima

zadrţava tokom cijele godine. Zviţdak se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za

poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Phylloscopus collybita Zviždak Common Chiffchaff

This warbler has brown-washed dull green

upperparts and off-white underparts becoming

yellowish on the flanks. It is most easily

recognizable by its simple, distinctive song. It lives

in forests, thickets and large parks. The Common

Chiffchaff is migratory, but during milder winters it

remains in the area throughout the year. This

species is listed ad of particular importance for

agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Siva ptičica veličine vrapca, muţjak ima crnu, a ţenka riđu kapu. Susreće se u

šumama, šibljacima, parkovima sa razvijenim spratom grmlja u kojem ţenka pravi

gnijezdo i snese 4-6 jaja na kojima naizmjenično leţe i muţjak i ţenka. Hrani se

insektima, malim puţevima i različitim bobicama. Selica je. Crnokapa grmuša se

nalazi na listi značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini. .

Sylvia atricapilla

Crnokapa grmuša Eurasian Blackcap

It is a gray, sparrow-sized bird. Both sexes have a neat coloured cap to the head,

black in the male and reddish-brown in the female. It can be seen in forests, thickets,

parks with lost of bushes, where the female constructs the nest and lays 4-6 eggs,

which are incubated by both parents. It feeds on insects, small snails and various

berries. Eurasian Blackcap is a migratory bird species, and can be found on the list of

species important for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina. .

Ova maslinastosiva ptičica se prepoznaje po narandţastoj boji na prsima i čelu. Ţivi u

vrtovima, parkovima, bjelogoričnim i miješanim šumama. Gnijezdo pravi blizu tla, u

natrulim panjevima, među korijenjem, u mahovini, ali i u dupljama na drveću, pa rado

prihvata kućice za gnijeţđenje. Obično ima dva legla sa po 4- 6 mladunaca koje hrane

oba roditelja. Crvendaći se hrane insektima, malim puţevima i bobicama, a u vrijeme

prehranjivanja mladunaca hvataju velike količine različitih insekata i njihovih larvi, pa se

moţe reći da u tom periodu predstavljaju prave „čistače“ šuma i parkova od raznih

štetočina. Zbog toga se nalaze na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u

Bosni i Hercegovini. Crvendać je stanarica.

Erithacus rubecula Crvendać European Robin

This brownish, olive-tinged bird is recognizable by

orange breast and face. It inhabits gardens,

parks, deciduous and mixed forests, and

constructs the nest near the ground, in rotting

stumps, among roots and the moss, but also in

hollows in trees, so it readily accepts the

birdhouses. It usually has two clutches with 4-6

chicks that both parents care for. Robins eat

insects, small snails and berries, and during the

period of feeding the chicks they catch large

quantities of various insects and larvae, so it can

be said that they are the real "cleaners" of forests

and parks from various pests. Therefore, it is

mentioned on the list of species important for

agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and

Herzegovina. Robin is a resident species.

Muţjak je crn sa bijelim perima na krilima, a ţenka prljavosiva; pripadnici oba spola

imaju rđastocrveni rep. Veoma je aktivna i stalno u pokretu. Naseljava planinske

predjele sa kamenjarima i stijenama, ali se moţe susresti i u gradovima. U maju ţenka

snese 5-7 jaja, na kojima leţi naizmjenično sa muţjakom. Hrani se uglavnom insektima,

preteţno muhama i leptirima, a rijetko sleti i na tlo da pokupi zrele bobice. Ova ptica

je stanarica, a nalazi se na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.

Phoenicurus ochruros Mrka crvenrepka Black Redstart

The male is black with white feathers on the wings, and the female is grey, both sexes

have the orenge-red lower rump and tail. It is a very active bird, constantly on the

move. It inhabits stony grounds in mountains, but can also be seen in the cities. In

May, the female lays 5-7 eggs, which both parents incubate.

It feeds on insects, mainly flies

and butterflies, but seldom it

lands on the ground to pick

the ripe berries. This bird is a

resident, and is on the list of

species important for

agriculture and forestry.

Muţjak je potpuno crn, sa narandţastoţutim kljunom, a ţenka neupadljiva,

sivkastosmeđa, sa bjeličastim mrljama na grlu. Naseljava šume i livade sa raštrkanim

ţbunjem, posebno u blizini vodotoka, a čest je i u parkovima i vrtovima. Gnijezdo

uglavnom pravi ţenka, na niskom drveću ili u ţbunju. Kos se najviše hrani insektima i

glistama, koje kljunom izvlači iz zemlje, jede i koštunjičavo voće, a zimi sitne bobice i

sjemenke koje ostaju na granama. Nalazi se na listo vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i

šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini. Muţjaci se često viđaju kako pjevaju sa vrha nekog

visokog drveta, obično u zoru i sumrak. Stanarica je.

Turdus merula Kos Common Blackbird

The male has glossy black plumage and an orange-yellow beak, the

female is sooty-brown, with whitish patches on the throat. Common

Blackbird inhabits forests and meadows with scattered shrubs, especially

near streams, and is very common in parks and gardens. The nest is

mainly constructed by the female, on the low trees or in bushes. This bird

mostly feeds on insects and earthworms, which it draws from the ground

using its beak, but it also eatsnuts, and during the winter small berries and

seeds that remain on the branches. It is on the list of species important

for agriculture and forestry in

Bosnia and Herzegovina. The

males are often seen singing from

the top of a tall tree, usually at

dawn and dusk. This is a resident

species.

Ĉvorak ima kratak rep i dug, zašiljen kljun, a boja perja mu se mijenja tokom godine:

prevladava crno-smeđa, a u proljeće muţjaci dobivaju sjajno zeleno-ljubičasto perje sa

bijelim tačkama. Ţivi u šumarcima i rubovima šuma, parkovima, drvoredima, vrtovima i

voćnjacima. Hrani se insektima, kišnim glistama, puţevima i raznim voćem. Gnijezda

gradi u dupljama drveća, pukotinama u stijenama ili zidovima, a veoma rado prihvata

kućice za gnijeţđenje. Ĉvorci su izraţeno društvene ptice, i tokom cijele godine se

viđaju u grupama ili vrlo velikim jatima. Selica je. Nalazi se na listi vrsta značajnih za

poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Sturnus vulgaris Ĉvorak Common Starling

Starling has a short tail and a long, sharp beak. The plumage is brown or black,

speckled with white, and in spring in males it becomes iridescent black, glossed

purple or green. It inhabits forests and forest edges, parks, parkways, gardens and

orchards and feeds on insects, earthworms, snails and various fruits.

Common Starling constructs its nests in

hollow trees, crevices in rocks or walls, and

readily accepts the birdhouses. Starlings are

very social birds, and throughout the year

they can be seen in groups or very large

flocks. It is a migratory species, and is on the

list of species important for agriculture and

forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ova ptica sa veće udaljenosti izgleda gotovo jednolično siva, ali se izbliza jasno vidi

bijeli trbuh, crno grlo, tjeme i dugi rep kojim neprekidno trza gore-dolje. Susreće se na

poljima i oranicama, rubovima naselja sa pašnjacima i uz obale jezera i rijeka. Hrani se

mušicama, vilinim konjicima i drugim insektima. Gnijezdo pravi na drveću, pod

krovovima ili u grmlju. Roditelji se brinu o mladima i nakon što napuste gnijezdo, još

neko vrijeme ih hrane. Bijela pastirica je stanarica, a u Bosni i Hercegovini se nalazi na

listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.

Motacilla alba Bijela pastirica White Wagtail

From a distance, this slender bird may appear almost uniformly gray, but

when we look closely, we can clearly see the white belly, black throat,

crown and long tail which constantly wagging. It can be seen in the fields

and arable lands, near settlements, in pastures and along the shores of

lakes and rivers. It feeds on flies, dragonflies and other insects. The nest is

constructed in trees, under the roofs or in the bushes. Parents care for the

chicks even after they leave the nest, feeding them for several more

weeks. White Wagtail is a resident, and is mentioned on the list of species

important for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Kao i bijela pastirica, i ova vrsta se sreće pored rijeka, brdskih i planinskih potoka.

Donji dio tijela je ţute, a gornji sivkaste boje. Prepoznatljiva je po stalnim trzajima

dugog repa. Hrani se insektima. Gnijezdi se uz obale, među korjenjem i stijenama, uz

vodotoke. Stanarica je. Gorska pastirica se Bosni i Hercegovini nalazi na listi vrsta

značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.

Motacilla cinerea Gorska pastirica Grey Wagtail

Like the previous species, the Grey Wagtail can also be seen near the rivers and

streams in hilla and mountains. The underparts are white, with yellow restricted to the

throat and vent, and the upperparts are grayish. It is recognizable by the constant

wagging of its long tail. It feeds on insects and nests near the water, between roots

and rocks along streams. It is a resident species, and is mentioned in the list of species

important for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Zeba je ptica pjevica veličine vrapca: muţjak ima sivoplavo tjeme i

crvenkastosmeđe grudi, a ţenka je sivkastosmeđa. U letu se oba spola

prepoznaju po belim prugama na krilima. Ţivi u svim tipovima šuma,

parkovima, voćnjacima i vrtovima. Stanarica je. Hrani se različitim

sjemenkama i insektima. Gnijezdo pravi na drveću, na visini od 2-10 m.

Fringilla coelebs Zeba Common Chaffinch

Common Chaffinch is a sparrow-sized songbird:

the male has a blue-grey cap and a rust-red

underparts, and the female is greyish, much

duller in color. Both sexes have two white wings-

bars, clearly visible in flight. It inhabits all types of

forests, parks, orchards and gardens. It is a

resident species and feeds on a variety of seeds

and insects. The nest is built in trees, at a height

of 2-10 m. Twice a year, the female lays 4-6 eggs

and incubetes them for 12-13 days. This bird is

listed as a species of importance for agriculture

and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Dva puta godišnje ţenka snese 4-6 jaja iz kojih se mladi izlegu

nakon 12-13 dana. Zeba se nalazi i na listi vrsta značajnih za

poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Zelendur se često viđa u većim parkovima, vrtovima, voćnjacima i na rubovima

šuma. Muţjak je ţućkastozelen, ţenka sivozelena, a na krilima i u osnovi repa

pripadnici oba spola imaju upadljivo ţuto perje. Gnijezdo pravi u gustim krošnjama

na visini od 2-5 m. Ţenka snese 5-6 jaja na kojima leţi 13-14 dana. O ptićima se brinu

oba roditelja. Ova ptica je stanarica i nalazi se na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu

i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Chloris chloris

Zelendur European Greenfinch

European Greenfinch is often seen in larger

parks, gardens, orchards, and forest edges.

The male is yellowish-green, female is duller,

with brown tones on the back, and both sexes

have yellow feathers in the wings and base of

the tail. It nests between thick tree branches,

at a height of 2-5 m. The female lays 5-6 eggs

and incubates them for 13-14 days, and both

parents care for the chicks. This bird is a

resident and is mentioned in the list of species

important for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia

and Herzegovina.

Muţjak ima sivo tjeme, crvenosmeđe sljepoočnice i crno grlo, a ţenka je neupadljiva,

sivkastosmeđa, bez crnih i crvenosmeđih šara. Rijetko se udaljava od ljudskih naselja.

Gnijezdi se ispod oluka, na drveću, u udubljenim zidovima... Ţenka 2-3 puta godišnje

snese 3-6 jaja, iz kojih se nakon 10-14 dana izlegu ptići o kojima se brinu oba roditelja.

Hrani se insektima, sjemenkama na obrađenim poljima, ali i otpacima ljudske hrane.

Nalazi se na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo. Vrabac je društvena

ptica, okuplja se u bučnim jatima. Izrazita je stanarica.

Passer domesticus

Vrabac House Sparrow

The male has a dark grey crown, reddish

back and grey underparts, and the

female is dull, greyish-brown. It is strongly

associated with human settlements and

breeds under the eaves, on trees, in

hollow walls ... It has 2-3 clutches per year,

with 3-6 eggs which are incubated for 10-

14 days. Both parents care for the chicks.

It feeds on insects, seeds on cultivated

fields, and various leftovers of human

food. The House Sparrow is on the list of

species important for agriculture and

forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a

very social bird, and often gathers in noisy

flocks. It is a resident species.

ZAŠTITA PTICA NA KAMENOLOMU

RIBNICA

BIRD PROTECTION AT THE RIBNICA

QUARRY

Fotografije/photographs: strana 4/page 4: Andrew Fogg –

Wikimedia Commons; strana 6/page 6: Anonymus (Google

search engine – birdhouses)

Svi crteži ptica preuzeti iz/All drawings copied from

Beaman & Madge (2010): The Handbook for Bird

Identification for Europe and the Western Palearctic. A & C

Black, London

Crteži sa stranice 7 preuzeti iz/Drawings on page 7 copied

from Tutiš (2008): Kućice za ptice. Javna ustanova za

upravljanje zaštićenim prirodnim vrijednostima Karlovačke

županije