biotrophic fungi from kenya. ten new species and some new...
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Cryptogamie, Mycol., 1999, 20 (4): 249-282 0 1999 Adachditions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits reserves
249
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya. Ten new species and some new records of Meliolaceae
Richard K.. MIBEY” & Paul E CANNOlvb
aDepartment of Botany, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya [email protected]
bCABI Bioscience, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9q UK fax 00 44 1491829100; [email protected]
(Received 15 July 1999, accepted 20 September 1999)
Abstract - As part of a research programme studying the diversity of fungi associated with rare plants in Kenya, nine new species of Meliola and one of Cryptomeliola associated with seven plant families are described and illustrated. They include Meliola craterispermi, M. dendroseta, M. fra- grans, M. kakamegensis, M. longiappressoriata, M. muhakae, M. phaeomaculans, M. taitensis, M. trilepisii and C. Natans. Host families include Araliuceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Loganiaceae, Melastomataceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae and Rubiaceae. New records for Kenya include Meliola ambigua, il4. artabotrydis, M. carissae, M. clerodendri, M. impatientis, M. pycnostachydis, M. phytolaccae and M. polytricha. 0 1999 Adac/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS
biotrophs I Cryptomeliola I Meliola I taxonomy
R&urn6 - Dans le cadre du programme de recherche relatif a la biodiversite des champignons associes aux plantes rares du Kenya, neuf especes nouvelles de Meliola et une de Cryptomeliola sont d&rites et illustrees : Meliola ~cruterispermi, M. dendroseta, M. fragrans, M. kakamegensis, M. longiappressoriata, M. muhakae, M. phaeomaculans, M. taitensis, M. trilepisii et C. Natans. Ces nouveaux taxa s’averent associtk aux sept familles vegetales suivantes : Araliaceae, E‘bena- ceae, Euphorbiaceae, Loganiaceue, Melastomataceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae et Rubiaceae. Neuf signalements nouveaux pour le Kenya concement les Meliola ambigua, M. artabotrydis, M. carissae, y. clerodendri, M. impatientis, M. pycnostachydis, M. phytolaccue et M. polytricha. 0 1999 AdaclEditions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS
biotrophes I Cryptomeliola I Meliola I taxonomie
INTRODUCTION
This study is a component of a collaborative programme funded by the UK Government’s Darwin Initiative, investigating the diversity and conservation status of fungi associated with rare and endangered plants in Kenya. It involves biologists from CAB1 Bioscience, the University of Nairobi, Moi University and the Ministry of Natural Resources, Kenya. The study has two major emphases. The first is to document rare
250 R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon
indigenous fungal species which are dependent for survival on plant species which are themselves threatened. The other is to investigate the threat to populations of rare plants from fungal pathogens spreading from encroaching areas of agriculture. Field trips included research in Kakamega Forest, Mt. Kenya, Cherangani Hills, Taita Hills, Shimba Hills, the Aberdares National Park and Arabuko Sokoke Forest, made between July 1997 and May 1999.
The number of described Meliolrr species is very large, with Hansford’s monumental monograph (Hansford, 1961) followed by compilations from Katumoto & Hosagoudar (1989) and Hosagoudar (1994). Species concepts are diflicult to assess objectively, as no species has been grown successfully in culture (Hansford. 196 I ; Goos. 1974, 1978; Hosagoudar, 1991). This means that it is impossible fully to assess environmental effects on morphology caused by the physical and chemical characteristics of the host plants. The precise mode of nutrition of species of the Meliolaceae is uncertain. While we do not exclude the possibility that members of this family use cuticular waxes and/or leaf exudates as energy sources, WC think that it is likely that the appressoria obtain at least some nutrients from the underlying plant cells in addition to acting as anchors for the colonies. This hypothesis is supported by the cultural studies cited above, which suggested that at lcast in most circumstances Mrliola ascospores germinate but do not form colonies in the absence of their host plants. If members of the Meliolaceae have at least partially biotrophic nutrition, the traditional classifcation systems which emphasize host identity are likely to be justified. Our extensive ticld observations over a number of years (also reported by Hansford, 1961 among others) confirm that Meliolaceue species show at least some degree of host specialization. as colonies are almost always restricted to individual host species even where they grow in very close proximity to unrelated plants.
In this paper. attempts have been made to assess morphological features fully in accepting species as new (set Mibcy & Hawksworth (1997) for a discussion of the rationale), without relying totally on host identity to guide comparison with previously described taxa. However, some degree of reliance at the host family level is unavoidable due to the enortnous number of species already recognized. The Beeli formula (Hansford, 1961; Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997) is a useful shorthand method of summarizing morphological features of the Melioluceae, although it is an artificial system and should not be relied upon in isolation for identification and characterization. Hansford (1961) referred to flask-shaped structures called ‘mucronatc hyphopodia’ which were subsc- quently shown to produce conidia (Hughes. 1981). Hc and a number of subsequent authors used the term ‘phialide’ for these structures, but as we have not seen conidial proliferation (or indeed conidia) in any of the material studied, we prefer the more neutral term ‘conidiogenous cell’. There is some controversy oc’cr the definition of the term phialide (Minter P[ crl.. 1983).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collections of living leaves and twigs harbouring fungal colonies were dried and preserved. Leaves were scanned for fungal colonies using a dissecting microscope and samples removed using the tip of a scalpel blade. Specimens were mounted on microscope slides in water or lactofuchsin and examined using bright-held, phase and Nomarski DIC interference contrast optics. All measurements are from material in water. Drawings were made using a drawing tube attached to an Olympus BH2 compound microscope.
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 251
Figs 1-5. CrypturzeZio.!u natulz~ (holotype); I: ascoma, 2: mycelial setae; note the curved apical part and the bulbous tips, 3: ascospores, 4: hyphae with numerous conidiogenous cells, 5: detail of ascomatal wall. 1: bar = 40 pm, 2-5: bar = 20 pm.
Cryptomeliola natans Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs l-5)
Etymology: natuns (L.atin), floating, in reference to the way in which the colonies separate from the host tissues.
Plagulae densae, superjiciales, velutinae. Mycelium superjicialium, brunneum vel atro-brunneum, hyphae compactue, appressoria absentae. Cellulae conidiogenae 16-24 x 8-12 pm, numerosae, aggregatae, oppositae vel inordinatae, ampullaceae. Setae myceliales numerosae, simplices vel aggregatae, plerumque curvulae, apicem obtusae, bulbosae. Ascomatu perithecialia, atra, inconspicua, inter setae occulatae, cellulae texturae angularis compositae. Ascosporae 60-72 x 18-22 ,um, plerumquae 4-septatae, raro 5-septatae, cylindricae, obtusae, constrictae.
Beeli Formula: 3120.6332. Colonies dense, forming dense mats on twigs and petioles but never on leaves, easily peeling off. Hyphae densely reticulate, forming a solid plate, branching irregularly at acute angles, undulate, devoid of appressoria, the individual cells 12-20 x 8-12 pm in size. Conidiogenous cells (phialides) 16-24 x 8-12 pm, ampulliform, numerous, crowded, opposite or irregularly arranged, single or clustered. Mycelial setae 410-500 pm long, IO-14 pm diam., numerous, dark brown, often strongly clustered and obscuring the ascornata, uncinate with a bulbous and darkened tip 16-22 pm diam. Ascomatu 210-260 pm diam., widely pyriform, black and carbonaceous, numerous, scattered, + smooth-walled. Ascospores 60-72 x 18-22 pm, 4-septate, cylindrical, dark brown, strongly constricted at the septa, the middle cell slightly longer than the adjacent cells, smooth-walled, without a gelatinous sheath.
252 R. K. Mibey & P. E Cannon
Typification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Yala River Nature Reserve, Yala Nature Trail, by the side of the path midway between the entrance and the river, 25 May 1999, R.K. Mibey (NAI - holotype of Ctyptomeliola nutans).
Host species: Trilepisium madaguscariense DC. (Momceae). Distribution: Kenya; only known from the type collection. Notes: Cqptomeliola S. Hughes & Piroz. was described in Mibey & Hawks-
worth (1997) based on Meliola orbicularis Berk. & Curtis, along with a newly described species C. moianu Mibey. M. orbicularis was excluded from Meliola in an earlier publication (Hughes, I993), but was not provided with an altemativc generic placement. Cryptomelinla differs from Meliola in having mycelium which is immersed in the outer layers of host tissue rather than superficial, it lacks appressoria (C. orbicularis was stated as possessing these in error by Mibcy & Hawksworth), and the mycelial setae are densely crowded, sometimes distally curved or uncinate and apically obtuse rather than acute.
C. natans differs significantly from the two previously known species of Ctyptomeliola, as the mycelial mat appears to be completely superficial, as it flakes intact off the twig surface. However, shared characters include the characteristic mycelial setae, including the lamellated wall shown for C. arbicularis in Mibey & Hawksworth (1997), the clustered conidiogenous cells, and the lack of appressoria (these are present rarely on superficial tnycelium in C. moiana.) It is possible with further research and the discovery of more new species that a scparatc genus will be required for C. natanx, but the absence of apprcssoria suggests that the fungus must obtain its nutrition via its poorly defined basal hyphal mat which is perhaps initially immersed in the outer layers of the plant, unless it exclusively uses plant exudates.
Judging from the description. Meliola pampangensis Petrak ( l958), from Buddleia asiatica in the Philippines, is a further species of C~ptomeliola in this expanded sense. It has significantly smaller ascospores than any of the three species currently accepted.
Key to species of Cryptonteliola
I. Mycelial setac curved or uncinate; ascospores > 53 pm in length . . . . . . . . ..__..........__._.. 2
Mycelial setae c straight or sigmoid; ascospores 47-53 x 16-20 pm: on Polysphaeria parviJi,lia, Kenya .._........._.,..............._.....,.......,..,.__..,.,,.....__._. C. moiuna
2. Colonies separating from the host tissues; seta apices often bulbous; ascospores 60-72 x 18-22 pm; on Trilepisium madagascarierzse, Kenya _........._.......... C. rlatans
Colonies remaining attached; seta apices usually simple; ascospores 57-65 x 19-2 1 pm; on unidentified bark, Cuba and Queensland . . ..__._.......____... C. orbicularis
Meliola ambigua Pat. & Gaill., Bull. Sot. Myc. France 4: 104 (1888). This is the first record of M. ambigua from Kenya, although it has been recorded
frequently from Uganda on the same host species. It seems to bc widely distributed throughout Africa and the Neotropics, from a range of genera of the Verberzaceae. and has been recorded from Lippia and ? Petitia (Hansford. 1961), also members of the Verbenaceae. The type collection was from an undetermined Lrmtam species from Venezuela.
Specimens examined: Kenya: Cherangani Hills, Cheranganyi Forest, on Zinn- tuna tr[fi)lia, 23 Jul. 1997, R.K. Mibey I455 (NAT). Other material seen from various species of Lantana, from Africa (Ghana, Uganda, Zaire), and the Caribbean and South America (Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica. Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Trinidad).
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 253
Meliola artabotrydis Hansf., J. Linn. Sot. London 51: 538 (1938). M. artabotryidis has not previously been recorded from Artabotrys likimensis,
although as the name A. nitidus has been used previously for the plant in Kenya (Beentje, 1994) it is not clear whether this constitutes a new host record. According to Verdcourt (1971), A. nitidus Engl. should properly be regarded as a synonym of A. monteiroae Oliv. The two collections cited here are the first for Kenya.
Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, on Artabotrys likimensis, 26 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI); same locality and host, 29 June 1998, R.K. Mibey 1531 (NAI). Many collections in IMI on ‘A. nitidus’ from Uganda.
Meliola capensis var. blighiae Hansf. & Deight., Mycol. Papers 23: 45 (1948). A new record for Kenya, and also for the host plant Blighia unijugata Bak. Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, on Blighia unijugata, 14 Jul.
1997, R.K. Mibey 1470 (NAI); same locality and host, 26 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Other collections seen from Blighia sapida in Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.
Meliola carissae Doidge, Bothaliu 1: 72 (1921). This species appears to be widely distributed throughout Africa and has also
been recorded from India (Hansford, 1961). No previous collection from Kenya has been traced.
Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Buyangu, Isiukho Falls, on Carissa edulis, 1 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey 1532 (NAI); Cherangani Hills, Cheranganyi Forest, on Carissa edulis, 26 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Collections also seen from C. arduina, C. bispinosa, C. grandtjlora and C. opaca from Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and India.
Meliolu clerodendti Hansf., J. Linn. Sot. London 51: 272 (1937). New records for Kenya, and for the host species. Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, on Clerodendrum formicarum
Giirke, 14 Jul. 1997, R.K. Mibey 1490 (NAI); same locality and host, 29 June 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Other material seen from C. bakeri, C. buchholzii, C. fragrans, C. paniculatum, C. scandens and C. schweinfurthii, from Ghana, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Uganda.
Meliola craterispermi Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 6-9). Etymology: craterispermi (Latin), in reference to the host genus Craterisper-
mum. Plagulae epiphyllae, tenues, ad I mm diam. Hyphae subrectae, laxe reticulatae,
oppositae vel irregulariter acuteque ramosae, cellulis 18-24 x 6-8 pm. Appressoria alternata, recta vel leniter cutvula, 20-26 x IO-12 pm, cellulae apicales irregulariter clavatae, integrae vel lobatae, IO-16 x IO-12 pm, cellulae basales cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 8-10 x 6-8 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae pauces, iregulares, illis appressoria commixta, ampullaceae, 12 x 6pm. Setae mycelialis dispersae, numerosae, rectae vel curvulae, simplices, apicem obtusae 300-410 x 8-10 pm. Ascomata dispersa, verrucosa, 150-I 70 pm diam. Ascosporae 4-septatae, ellipsoideae, constrictae, obtusae, 36.-38 x
12-16,um. Beeli Formula: 3 111.3222. Colonies epiphyllous, thin, to 1 mm diam. Hyphae
substraight, loosely reticulate, branching opposite to irregular at acute angles, with cells 18-24 x 6-8 w. Appressoria 2&26 x lo-12 pm, straight to bent, alternate, head cell lo-16 x lo-12 pm, irregularly clavate, often bent, angulose to sinous-lobate or entire, basal cell 8-10 x 6-8 pm, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells ca 12 x 6 pm, rare, irregular in form but usually f ampulliform. Mycelial setae 300410 x 8-10 pm,
R. K. Mibey & F! F. Cannon
8
9
Figs 6-9. Melinlu craterispermi (holotype); 6: hyphac with appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (?A), 7: perithecial primordia (arrow), 8: ascospores, 9: obtuse apices of mycehal setac. Bar = 20 pm.
numerous, scattered, straight to flexous, simple, obtuse. A,scomata 150-170 pm diam., perithecial, scattered, verrucose. Ascosporr.s 36-38 x 1% I6 pm, &eptate, ellipsoidal, obtuse, constricted at the septa.
Qpification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Yala Nature Reserve, Yala Nature Trail, on leaves of Cruterispermum schwei~furthii Hiern, 25 May 1999, R.K. Mihe?; (NAI - hololype of Meliolu craterispermi).
Host species: Craterispermum schweinfurtlzii (Rubiuceae). Distribution: Kenya, only known from the rype collection.
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 255
Notes: This species appears to be part of the Meliolu psychotviae complex. As recognized by Hansford (1961) that species is rather variable and is found on a range of genera of the Rubiaceae. It may be distinguished from M. craterispermi by its shorter straight mycelial setae, its narrower and shorter-stalked appressoria and the frequency of conidiogenous cell development. Hansford accepted a series of varieties with rather varied morphology, but none correspond to M. craterispermi in all features. Of other species in the M. psychotriae complex, M. leptactinae Mibey has some similarities, but has 3- to 4-septate ascospores rather than the exclusively 4-septate ones of M. crater- ispermi, shorter-stalked appressoria, larger conidiogenous cells and smaller ascomata. M. pentadis Mibey has straight mycelial setae, larger conidiogenous cells, and smaller ascomata and ascospores. Tab. 1 contrasts M. cruterispermi with the Meliola psychotriae group.
Of the other species of Meliola on Rubiaceae currently known from Kenya (Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997), hf. bwaniana Mibey (on indet. Rubiaceae) has compa- rable ascospore sizes (33-42 x 12-l 6 pm) but differs in having much longer hyphal cells (23-53 x 5-8 pm) and appressoria (28-42 x 9-13 pm). M. chussaliae Mibey (on Chas- salia abruptu) has numerous and much larger conidiogenous cells, acute mycelial setae and much larger appressoria. M. darwiniana Mibey (on indet. Rubiaceae) has larger and 3- to 4-septate ascospores, acute mycelial setae, and larger appressoria and conidiogenous cells. h4. oldenlandiicola Mibey (on Oldenlandia) has acute mycelial setae, numerous and larger conidiogenous cells, smaller ascomata and shorter, relatively wider ascospores. M. petiolicola Mibey (on Psychotria) has much narrower ascospores, acute mycelial setae and smaller conidiogenous cells. M. rubiacearum Mibey has acute setae, larger conid- iogenous cells and shorter-stalked appressoria.
Meliola dendroseta Mibey & PI? Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 10-I 3).
Figs 10-13. M&oh dendrosetu (holotype); 10, 11: dichotomously branched mycelial setae, 12: closely reticulate hyphae with appressoria (A) and conidiogenous cell (a), 13: ascospores. 10: bar = 20 11-13: pm, bar = 40 pm.
Tab.
1. Mr
liokz
sp
ecks
of
the
M.
p.ryc
lzo/ri~
~ gr
oup
(Han
sford
, 19
61)
asso
ciated
wi
th
Rubia
ceae
crat
eris/
xwni
3111
.322
2 30
0-41
0 x
8-10
pm
, sc
at-
alter
nate,
str
aight
to be
nt,
ca
I2 x
6 pm
, rar
e, lS
O-17
0 pm
tcr
ed,
straig
ht to
flexu
ous,
obtus
e irr
egula
r, am
pullif
orm
dogn
yens
is 31
11.5
334
to 11
00
pm,
straig
ht or
flexu
ous,
simple
. ob
tuse
or su
bacu
te
ghes
quie
rei
3 1 11
.433
2 to
330
x 7-
X pm
, str
aight,
sim
ple,
obtus
e
head
cc
l1 10
-16x
IO
-12
ym,
irreg
. cla
vate,
sta
lk 8-
10
pm
alter
nate,
oft
en
bent,
he
ad
cdl
14-1
9 x
7-12
pm
, ov
ate,
stalk
6-8
pm
alter
nate,
str
aight
or be
nt,
head
ce
ll 13
-17
x 6-
8 pm
. wi
dely
roun
ded,
stalk
3-6
pm
15-2
1 x
7-9
urn,
alter
nate
or op
posit
e, am
pullif
orm
13-1
7 x
6-X
pm,
rare,
alter
nate
or op
posit
e am
pullif
orm
diam.
, ve
rmco
se
to 36
0 pm
dia
m.,
verru
cose
to 14
0 pm
dia
m.,
sligh
tly
verru
cose
kibira
e vx
31
1 I .
3221
to
280
x 7-
8 str
aight,
pm
. le
onen
sis
simple
. ob
tuse,
scatt
ered
kibim
e va
r. ra
ndia
e 3
I 1 I .
3221
LO
270
x 7-
9 str
aight,
pm
, sim
ple,
obtus
e, sc
attere
d
knox
iar
Iept
actin
ae
3111
.222
1 IO
O-22
0xW
um,
arcu
ate
or cu
rved,
simple
. ob
tuse
3 111
.322
2 18
0-38
0 x
6-9
few,
urn,
straig
ht,
simple
, ob
tuse
myc
elia
r 3 1
I 1.3
22 I
to
260
x 7
straig
ht,
pm,
simple
, ob
tuse,
often
sl.
un
dulat
e to
torulo
sc
altcm
ate,
usua
lly
straig
ht.
head
ce
ll 13
-17
x 9-
12
urn.
15-2
0 x
7-8
pm.
mostl
v to
130
pm
diam.
,
olde
nlan
dicr
r 3
I I I .
3222
to
360
x 9
pm,
straig
ht,
simple
, ob
tuse,
the a
pex
torulo
sc
or tw
isted
clava
tc to
oblon
g,
stalk
alter
nate,
co
noid
to “IX
TUCO
X
5-8
pm
ampu
llifor
m
+ alt
erna
te,
straig
ht or
bent,
15
-20
x 6-
8 ur
n, to
130
pm
head
ce
ll 13
-20
x X-
1 4
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
diam.
, ov
ate
to cla
vate,
sta
lk co
noid
to am
pullif
orm
verru
cose
S-
IS
pm
altem
atc,
often
be
nt,
head
ce
ll 13
-15
x ca
6
pm,
70-1
20
pm
IO-13
x
9-12
ur
n, ov
ate
or ra
m,
oppo
site
or dia
m.,
ellipt
ical,
stalk
4-6
pm
alter
nate,
am
pullif
orm
verru
cobc
alter
nate,
str
aight
to be
nt,
14-2
0 x
5-8
pm,
loo-1
50
pm
head
cc
l1 S-
14
x 9-
11
pm.
oppo
site
or irr
egula
r, dia
m..
clava
tc,
stalk
6-8
x 5.~
6 um
few
, am
pullif
orm
“err”c
o\c
alter
nate,
str
aight
or sli
ghtly
16
-22
x 7-
9 ur
n, to
180
urn
bent,
he
ad
ccl1
16-2
2 x
alter
nate
or op
posit
e, dia
m.,
8-10
pm
, ov
ate,
stalk
ampu
llifor
m ve
rruco
se
6610
ur
n
alter
nate,
+
straig
ht,
head
ce
ll 15
-18
x 6-
S pm
, to
150
pm
globo
se
to &
ovate
, 12
- I5
x op
posit
e, am
pullif
orm
diam.
, IO
-I 3
pm,
stalk
3-6
pm
to co
noid
“ermc
ose
36-3
8 x
12-1
6 pm
, ell
ipsoid
al,
obtus
e, 4-
septa
te
46-5
6 x
19-2
2 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4.sep
tate
38-4
2 x
18-2
1 Fr
n, ob
long
to su
bellip
- so
idal,
obtus
e, 4-s
cptat
c
29-3
7 x
11-1
5 ur
n, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4-sep
tatc
29-3
6 x
IO-15
ur
n, ob
long.
ob
tuse,
4-se
ptate
23-3
0x
10-1
2x
7-9
pm,
oblon
g,
obtus
e, 4.s
eptat
c
2X-3
9x
12-1
6 pm
, cy
lindr
ical,
obtus
e, 3-
or 4-
septa
te
33-4
0x
14-1
6x
12-
13 p
m,
oblon
g,
obtus
e, 4.s
cptat
c
30-3
6 x
12-1
3 pm
, ob
long,
oh
tu\c,
4-se
ptate
Host
genu
s
Crat
eri-
sprrm
um
Rnnd
ia
co&l
,
indet
. P
Rubi
acea
e F
Puve
tta,
s 2 Ro
thm
anni
a 4 F?
.?J
Ro
thm
nnni
a .7
Knox
ia
Lept
uctin
u
Mvc
eria
Old
enla
ndia
Tab.
1 (c
ontd
.) M
eliola
sp
ecie
s of
the
M. p
sych
otvia
e gr
oup
(Han
sfor
d,
1961
) as
socia
ted
with
Ru
biace
ae
Beeli
for
mula
Myce
lial
Seta
e Ap
pres
soria
Co
nidiqe
nous
ce
lls
Asco
mata
Asco
spore
s Ho
st ge
nus
penta
dis
psyc
hotria
e
psyih
otriae
va
r. co
ffeae
psyc
hofria
e va
r. de
nsa
psyc
hotria
e va
r. go
nzala
guna
e
psyc
hotria
e va
r. lon
giset
a
psyc
hotria
e va
r. mo
relia
e
tunkia
ensis
3 111
.322
2 24
0400
x
6-9
pm.
few,
scatt
ered
, sim
ple,
obtus
e, str
aight
3111
.322
1 to
300
x 7-
8 pm
, nu
mero
us,
straig
ht,
simple
, ob
tuse
31!
! .4X
! to
200
x 7-
8 pm
, str
aight,
sim
ple,
obtus
e
3111
.422
1 to
250
x 8-
9 nm
, str
aight,
sim
ple,
obtus
e, few
3111
.322
1 to
320
x 6-
8~~
straig
ht or
alter
nate,
?
straig
ht,
head
ce
ll sli
ghtly
fle
xuou
s, sim
ple,
11-1
5 x
10-1
2t.nn
m, r
ound
to
alter
nate
to irr
egula
r, str
aight,
he
ad c
ell
11-1
6 x
9-14
pm
, cla
vate,
sta
lk 69
x
5-8
pm
alter
nate,
str
aight
or be
nt,
head
ce
ll 11
-15
x 7-
10
pm,
ovate
, sta
lk 3-
7 pm
alter
nate,
str
aight
or be
nt,
head
ce
ll 15
-21
x 10
-13
pm,
ovate
/ ob
long-
clava
te,
stalk
5510
pm
12-2
0 x
6-8
pm,
to 16
0 pm
op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
dia
m.,
venu
cose
am
pullif
orm,
fre
quen
t
13-1
8 x
7-8
pm.
few.
to 15
0 pm
op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
dia
m.,
verru
cose
co
noid
to am
pullif
om~
alter
nate,
str
aight
or sli
ghtly
15
-19
x 7-
9 pm
, to
160
nrn
bent,
he
ad c
ell
14-1
8 x1
1-13
op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
dia
m.,
verm
cose
pm
, ov
ate,
stalk
6613
pm
ampu
llifor
m
17-2
6 x
67
pm,
to 16
0pm
oppo
stte
or alt
erna
te,
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
ampu
llifor
m,
few
to nu
mero
us
obtus
e wi
dely
ovate
, sta
lk 3-
6 pm
3111
.322
4 to
1200
x 8
-10
pm,
strai
ght
alter
nate,
f
straig
ht,
head
cell
to
flexu
ous,
simple
, ac
ute t
o 14
-20
x 9-
12
pm,
ovate
, sta
lk ob
tuse,
+tom
lose
4-11
pm
3 I1
1.42
22
to 32
0 x
9-10
pm
, str
aight,
alt
erna
te,
straig
ht or
sl. b
ent,
some
times
be
nt be
low
the
head
cell
12
-17
x 9-
12
t.tm,
ap
ex,
simple
, ob
tuse
ovate
to
clava
te,
stalk
5-l
1 pm
3111
.422
1 to
250
x 9-
10
pm,
scatt
alt
erna
te,
often
be
nt,
head
ce
ll er
ed,
straig
ht,
simple
, 13
-23
x lo-
14
pm,
ovate
to
obtus
e va
te-ob
long,
stalk
5-9
nm
M-22
x
558
pm,
oppo
site
to irr
egula
r, few
, am
pullif
orm
90-1
50
pm
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
12-1
9 x
7-8
I-“,
to 14
0 pm
mo
stly
alter
nate,
co
noid
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
to am
pullif
orm
not
stated
in
origi
nal
to 18
0pm
desc
riptio
n dia
m.,
verru
cose
18-2
2 x
ca 9
pm,
few
, to
180p
m us
ually
alt
erna
te,
diam.
, vc
rruco
se
narro
wly
cono
id to
ampu
llifor
m
28-3
7x
II-16
~.tm
, cy
lindr
ical,
sligh
tly
curve
d, ob
tuse,
4.sep
tate
3440
x
1416
x
I l-13
pm
, cy
lindr
ical,
obtus
e, 4-
septa
te
3542
x
15-1
8 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4-sep
tatc
3645
x
15-2
0 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4.sep
tate
28-3
4 x
12-1
4 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4.sep
tate
33-3
8 x
13-1
6 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4.sep
tate
39-4
7 x
1619
pm
, cy
lindr
ical,
obtus
e, 4-
septa
te
38-4
5 x
15-1
9 pm
, cy
lindr
ical,
obtus
e, 4-
septa
te
Wide
ra
nge
of tro
pical
Rubia
ceae
Coffe
a
Morin
da
Gonz
alagu
na
Psyc
hotria
, Ox
yanth
us,
Pave
tta
More
lia
Aida
, Ra
ndia
Detai
ls tak
en
from
Hans
ford
(196
1),
Hugu
enin
(196
9),
Mibe
y &
Huwk
swort
h (1
997)
an
d Pe
trak
(19.5
8).
Chara
cters
differ
entia
lfrom
M.
cra
terisp
ermi
ar
e giv
en
in bo
ld.
258 R. K. Mibey & I? F. Cannon
Etymology: dendroseta (Latin), in reference to the tree like features of the mycelial setae.
Plagulae amphigenae, densae, ad 4 mm diam. Hyphae suhrectae, densue reticulatae, oppositae vel irregulariter acuteque ramosae, cellulis 18-24 x 8-12 pm. Ap- pressoriu plerumque antrorsa, opposita vel irregulares, 18-22 X IO-12 pm, cellulu apicali clavata, integra, IO-14 x lo-12 pm, cellula hasali cylindracea vel cuneutu, 6-8 x 6-10 pm. Cellulae conidingenae pauces, irregulares, ampulluceae, 18-22 x 4 pm. Setar mycelialis aggregatae, numerosae, dichotome rumosue, 270-350 x IO-12 ,um, denticulis acuteque 12-24 x 2-4 pm. Ascomatu dispersu, verrucosu, 270-360 pm diam. Ascosporue 4-septutue, oblongae tlel ellipsoideue, c’onstrictue, ucutue vel obtusae, 56-62 x 22-26 ,um.
Beeli Formula: 3142.6342. Colonies amphigenous, dense, velvety, to 4 mm diam. Hyphae densely reticulate, substraight, branching opposite to irregular at acute angles, with cells 18-24 x 8-l 2 pm. Appressoriu 18-22 x 10-I 2 pm, mostly bent (antrorse), opposite to irregular, head cell IO- 14 x IO- I2 pm, broadly clavate, angulosc. entire, basal cell 6-8 x 6- 10 pm, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells 18-22 x cu 4 pm, few, irregular, ampulliform, mixed with appressoria. Mycelial setue 270-350 x 1 O-l 2 pm, crowded, straight, dichotomously branched, the branches 12-24 x 24 pm, acute. Ascnmata 270-360 ym diam., perithecial, scattered, verrucose. Ascospores 56-62 x 22-26 pm, 4-septate. oblong to ellipsoidal, constricted. the ends acute to obtuse.
Typification: Kenya: Taita Hills, Mbololo forest, about 2 km into the forest from the western entrance by the roadside, on leaves of Polyscias stuhlmannii var. stuhlmannii, 19 Mar. 1999, R.K. Mibey (NAI - holotype of Mel&u dendroseta).
Host species: Polyscius stuhlmunnii Harms var. stuhlmunnii. Cussoniu spicatu Thunb. (Araliuceae).
Distribution: Kenya, not known elsewhere. Notes: The type host is endemic to the Taita Hills and adjoining areas of
Tanzania. However, as an apparently identical fungus occurs on the related and widespread host Cussonia spicata, its conservation is not likely to be a priority.
This is the only species of Meliola known from the Aruliuceue which has branched mycelial setae, and alternately arranged appressoria. The species with branched or dentate setae arc contrasted in Tab. 2 below. Meliola heterosetu Hiihnel differs in having smaller ascosporcs (43-52 x 19-22 pm), and longer hyphal cells (25-35 x 7-10 pm). It is widespread and apparently not strongly host-specific, being found on Paratropia sp. and Scheflera polybot~a from Java, S. octophylla from China, Sch@era sp. from Philippines and Cussoniu spicatu from South Africa (Hansford, 196 1). Meliola didymopanacis var. polysciudis Hansf. also occurs in Polyscius from Africa, but has simple mycelial setae and much smaller ascospores (4.347 x IS-17 pm; Hansford, 196 1). M. montisf~mtium Huguenin (1969) is largely similar but has alternate appressoria. longer and narrower ascospores, and longer-branched mycelial setac.
Other material examined: Kenya: Taita hills, Ngaongao Forest, on leaves and petiolcs of Cussonia .spicatu , 20 Mar. 1999, R.K. Mibey (NAI).
Meliola fragrans Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 14-l 6). Etymology: .fragruns (Latin), in reference to the host species Memec~kn
,frugruns. Plagulae amphigenue, tenues, ad 3 mm diam. Hyphue rectue, oppositae, luxe
rumosue, laxe reticulatue, cellulis 17-38 x 5-7,um. Appressoria numerosu, ulternuta, oblonga vel curvulu, 19-24 x 7-IOpm; cellulae apicules clavatae, integrue, 14-17 x 7-10 ,um; cellulae basules cylindraceae, 7-10 x 7-10 pm. Cellulue conidiogenue illis appressoriis commixlue, oppositae, ampulluceue, 24-29 x 6-9 ,um. Setue m~celiules
Tab.
2.
Spec
ies o
f M
elio
la
with
br
anch
ed
or d
enta
te
seta
e as
socia
ted
with
th
e Ar
aliac
eae
Beeli
fo
rmul
a M
ycel
ial
seta
e Ap
pres
soria
Co
nidi
ogen
ous
cells
As
com
ta
Asco
spor
es
Host
genu
s
boer
lagi
o-
dend
ri
dend
rose
ta
dich
otom
a
dich
otom
a va
r. ku
sano
i
hete
rose
ta
mon
tis-
font
ium
3 143
.422
1 to
250
x 7-
8 pm
, IN
o 3-
alter
nate
or op
posit
e, oft
en
dicho
tomou
s, bra
nche
s to
bent,
he
ad
cell
80 p
m lon
g,
acute
lo-
15
x 8-
11
urn,
subg
lobos
e cro
wded
, str
aight,
to
3- to
pyrifo
rm,
stalk
4-7
pm
long
3142
.634
2 27
0-35
0 x
lo-12
pm
, op
posit
e to
irreg
ular,
mostl
y dic
hotom
ous,
branc
hes
to be
nt,
head
ce
ll 24
pm.
ac
ute
10-1
4x
lo-12
pm
. br
oadly
cla
vate,
sta
!k 6-
8 pm
!on
g
3143
.423
1 to
260
x 9-
10
pm,
l- to
2. mo
stly
oppo
site.
some
what
dicho
tomou
s, bra
nche
s be
nt,
head
ce
ll to
100
urn,
rccurv
ed,
the
lo-16
x
8-l
1 pm
, ov
ate
to ap
ices
pale
and
obtus
e py
riform
, sta
lk 2-
6 pm
lon
g
3143
.423
1 to
250
x 8-
9 um
, sim
ple
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
straig
ht or
l- to
2.dich
otomo
us,
or sli
ghtly
be
nt,
head
ce
ll bra
nche
s to
50 p
m,
the
IO-15
x
7-11
pm
, ov
ate
to ap
ices
pale
and
obtus
e cla
vate-
cylin
dric,
sta
lk 3-
8 pm
3143
.533
1 to
280
x 8-
10
pm,
2- to
4-op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
dic
hotom
ous,
branc
hes
to str
aight,
he
ad
cell
80 u
rn,
spre
ading
or
11-1
5 x
8-12
pm
, ov
ate
to rec
urved
, ob
tuse
to ob
long,
sta
lk 4-
7 pm
lon
g su
bacu
te
3141
.634
2 to
310
pm
long,
I-
to 2-
alter
nate,
str
aight
or cu
rved,
dicho
tomou
s, bra
nche
s he
ad
cell
14-2
0 x
12-1
8 pm
, to
140
pm,
apice
s ob
tuse
or ov
ate,
stalk
7-11
pm
lon
g su
bacu
te
20-2
5 x
6-8
pm,
few,
to 20
0 pm
mo
stly
alter
nate,
dia
m.,
ampu
llifot
m ve
rmco
se
18-2
2 x
ca 4
pm,
few
, irr
egula
r, am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
16-2
3 x
7-9
urn,
very
few,
alter
nate
or op
posit
e, am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
sotia
14-2
0 x
7-9
pm,
alter
nate
or op
posit
e, am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
18-3
5 x
7-9
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifor
m mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
15-2
2 x
8-12
pm
, op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
270-
360
pm
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
to 25
0 pm
dia
m.,
verm
cose
to 18
0 mn
dia
m.,
verru
cose
to 23
0 pm
dia
m.,
verru
cose
to 34
0 pm
dia
m.,
verru
cose
42-5
0 x
13-1
7 pm
, Bo
erla
gio-
ob
long,
ob
tuse,
dend
ron
cons
tricted
, 4-
septa
te
56-6
2 x
22-2
6 pm
, ob
long
to ell
ipsoid
al,
obtus
e, co
nstric
ted,
4-se
ptate
44-5
0 x
17-1
9 x
12-1
4 pm
, ob
long
to su
bellip
soida
l, co
nstric
ted,
4-se
ptate
3743
x
15-1
7 pm
, ob
long
to su
bellip
soida
l, ob
tuse,
cons
tricted
, 4.s
eptat
e
43-5
2 x
19-2
2 x
17-1
8 ur
n, ob
long
to su
bellip
soida
l, ob
tuse,
cons
tricted
, 4-
septa
te
60-7
0 x
18-2
4 pm
, ell
ipsoid
al,
obtus
e, co
nstric
ted,
4-se
ptate
Polys
cias,
Cuss
onia
Hede
ra
Hede
ra
Para
tropi
a,
Sche
flera
, Cu
sson
ia
Sche
flera
Data
tak
en f
rom
Ha
nsfo
rd
(196
1)
and
Hugu
enin
(196
9).
260 R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon
16
Figs 14-16. Meliola ,f’ugmns (holotype); 14: hyphae with alternate appressoria (*) and conidio- genous cells (15-s), 1.5: simple mycelial setac with acute apices, 16: 4-septate ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.
numerosae, uggregatae, rectae, acutisyue, 475-740 x IO-12 pm. Asiomata nurnemsa, dispersa, verrucosa, 160-220 pm diam. Ascosporae 46septutae. ellipsoidme, constrictar. 46-50 x 17-22 pm.
Beeli Formula: 3 I I I .4323. Colonies amphigenous, thin. to 3 mm diam. Hyphac loosely reticulate, straight, branching opposite at wide angles, with cells 22-3 I x 5-7 ym. Appressoria 19-24 x 7-10 pm, numerous, widely spaced, oblong, curved; head cell 14-l 7 x 7-10 pm, clavate, entire; basal cell 7-10 x 7-10 pm, cylindrical. Conidiogcnous cells 24-29 x 6-9 pm, few, mixed with appressoria, opposite. ampulliform. Mycclial setae 475-740 x 10-l 2 pm, numerous, scattered. grouped around ascomata. straight. simple, acute. Ascomata 160-220 pm diam., numerous, scattered, vct~ucosc. Ascosporcs 46-SO x 17-22 pm, 4-septatc, ellipsoidal, constricted.
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 261
Typification: Kenya: Coast Province, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, Kararacha, on leaves of Memecylon fragrans, 10 December 1997, R.K. Mibey 1505 (NAI - holotype of Meliola fragrans).
Host: Memecyclon fragrans A. & R. Femandes (Melastomataceae). Distribution: Kenya (Coast Province); only known from the type collection. Notes: M. fragrans has larger ascospores than any of those currently associated
with the Melastomataceae which have simple setae, and unusually large conidiogenous cells. Those of M. inconspicua Hansf. (Hansford, 1961) match those of M. fragrans, but in that species the mycelial setae are much shorter in addition to the ascospores being smaller. Of species so far recorded from Memecylon, M. memecylonis H. Sydow (from India and SE Asia) has similarly sized ascospores but much longer and dentate mycelial setae, and hyphae which are closely reticulate. M. memecylonicola Hansf. has smaller ascospores and conidiogenous cells, and M. disciseta Roger, M. heudelotii Gaill. and M. afinis H. Sydow have long dentate setae. See Tab. 3 for comparisons. This is the first species of the Meliolaceae associated with Melastomataceae to be reported from Kenya.
Meliola funtumiae Beeli, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles 7: 95 (1920). Meliola funtumiae is new to Kenya. The host species Funtumia africana is now
the accepted name for I;: latifolia (Stapf) Stapf (Beentje, 1994). Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, on Funtumia africana, 14 Jul.
1997, R.K. Mibey 1490 (NAI); same locality and host, 29 June 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Collections in IMI are from Uganda, on Funtumia latzfolia and an unidentified member of the Apocynaceae.
Meliola impatientis Doidge, Bothalia 4: 196 (1941). Meliola impatientis has not previously been recorded from the host Impatiens
jischeri, or from Kenya. It was originally described from I. capensis in South Africa. Specimens examined: Kenya: Aberdares National Park, on Impatiens fischeri,
29 June 1998, G. Kariuki (NAI). Other material in IMI collected in Ethiopia from 1. papilionacea (probably actually I. meruensis Gilg.)
Meliola kakamegensis Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 17-19). Etymology: kakamegensis (Latin), in reference to Kakamega forest from where
the specimen was collected. Plagulae amphigenae, tenues, ad 2 mm diam. Hyphae undulatae, oppositae vel
irregulariter acutique vel laxe ramosae, laxe reticulatae, cellulis 17-38 X 5-7pm. Appressoria numerosa, alternata, recta, 17-38 x 5-7 pm; cellulae apicales 2ad 4-lobatae, 14-17 x 14-17 pm; cellulae basales cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 7-14 x 5-10 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae illis appressoriis commixtae, oppositae, ampul- laceae 19-24 x 5-7 pm. Setae myceliales numerosae, dispersae, ramosae, 2-- ad &dentatae, ad 270 x 9-10 pm. Ascomata numerosa, dispersa, verrucosa, 180-210 pm diam. Ascosporae 4-septatae oblongae vel ,fusoideae, constrictae, obtusae, 3646 x 12-17pm.
Beeli Formula: 3 141.423 1. Colonies amphigenous, thin, to 2 mm diam. Hyphae undulating, branching opposite to irregular at acute to wide angles, loosely reticulate, with cells 17-38 x 5-7 pm. Appressoria 22-31 x 14-17 pm, numerous, alternate, straight to bent; head cell 14-17 x 14-17 pm, 2- to 4-lobate, basal cell 7-14 x 5-10 pm, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells 19-24 x 5-7 pm, numerous, mixed with appressoria, opposite, ampulliform. Mycelial setae to 270 x 9-10 pm, numerous, scattered, branched, branchlets 2- to 6-dentate. Ascomata 180-210 pm diam., numerous, scattered, verrucose. Ascospores 36-46 x 12-17 pm, 4-septate, oblong to fusoid, constricted, with obtuse ends.
Typification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Isiukhu Falls, on leaves of Alchornea laxijora, 28 Feb. 1998, R.K. Mibey 1530 (NAI, holotype of Meliola kakamegensis).
Tab.
3.
Spe
cies
of M
elida
wi
th
cimpl
c sc
tae
asso
ciate
d wi
th t
he M
ela.
~tor
n~/ta
c.r~
/r
3111
.422
1 10
280
X 8
-9
pm.
simpl
e.
stra
ight
, ob
tuse
al
tem
atc,
st
raig
ht.
head
ce
ll I S
-22
x 7-
9 pm
, fe
w.
14-2
0 x
11-1
3 pm
. su
bglo
boae
op
posit
e or
al
tcm
ate,
to
py
rifor
m.
stalk
7-l
2 pm
lo
ng
cono
id
lo a
mpu
llifor
m
3947
x
IS-2
0 pm
. oh
lang
to
su
bellip
soid
al,
obtu
se,
cons
tricte
d,
4-se
ptat
e
33-3
9 x
13-1
4 pm
, ob
long
, ob
tuse
, co
nstri
cted.
4~
sept
atc
46-5
0 x
17-2
2 pm
, el
lipso
idal
, ob
tuac
, co
ntric
tcd.
4-sc
ptat
e
2934
x II-
14ym
. ob
long
. ob
tuse
. co
ncon
trictc
d.
4~se
ptal
e
2993
3 x
11-1
3x
10-I
1 pm
, ob
long
, oh
tusc
, sh
ghtly
co
nstri
cted,
4.
scpt
atc
3341
x
IS-1
7 pm
, ob
long
, ob
tuse
, co
nstri
cted,
4.
sept
atc
3845
x
1417
pm
, el
lipso
idal
to
obl
ong,
ob
tuse
, co
nstri
cted.
I-\
eplU
3843
x
15-1
7x
13-i
4 ur
n,
oblo
ng
to
wbcll
ipso
idal
, ob
tuse
. 4-
scpt
ate
llisso
tis
3111
.432
3
10 2
50
x 7-
X pn
, sa
mpl
e,
ctra
ight
. ob
tuse
al
tern
ate,
st
raig
ht
or b
ent,
head
cc
l1 13
-19
x 9-
12
pm,
ovat
e or
su
hgioh
osc,
stalk
S- 1
I t.n
n lo
ng
M id
ely
\pac
cd,
curv
ed,
head
cc
l1 14
-17
x 7-
10
pm,
clava
tc,
stalk
7-l
0 pm
lo
ng
alte
rnat
e.
\&tig
ht
or t
be
nt.
head
ce
ll 14
-20x
8-
IOpm
. o~
aw.
Mk
S-13
pm
lo
ng
1 S-2
0 x
7-X
pm,
oppo
site
or
alte
rnat
e.
ampu
llifor
m
2-i-S
x
h-Y
pm,
few,
op
posit
e.
ampu
llifor
m
to
160p
m
diam
.. vc
truco
sc
375-
740
x IO
&l 2
pm
, wt
ight
. rm
rple
, ac
ute
160-
220
pm
diam
., vc
rruco
sc
inde
t. 3 d.
Meh
torrz
o-
Fl
w
to
140
x 6-
7 pm
. sim
ple,
st
raig
ht,
ohtu
sc
13-3
0 x
6-7
pm,
alte
mat
c or
op
pwilc
, am
pullif
orm
to 1
40 pm
di
am.,
vcrru
cosc
3111
.322
2 to
400
x
X-9
pm
simpl
e.
\trat
ght.
obtu
se
altc
mat
c or
m
nlat
eral
, i
bent
. he
ad
cull
I S-2
0 x
9 I3
pm
. nr
egul
arly
oiat
c,
stalk
5 ~1
0 ur
n lo
ng
altc
mat
c,
stra
ight
or
? h
cnt.
head
ce
il 12
-l 6
x 7-
9 pm
. ov
ate.
sta
lk 4
7 pm
lo
ng
altc
mat
c or
op
po,it
c,
str
augh
t, he
ad
cell
10-1
4x
h-0
pm.
ohlo
ng
to o
vate
. sm
lk 14
. 20
pm
long
altc
mat
e or
sc
atte
red.
st
raig
ht
or
bent
. he
ad c
ell
1442
2 x
&I
3 pm
, py
rifor
m
to e
lliptic
al,
stalk
S-IO
ur
n
IS20
x
6 8
pm,
fw.
oppo
atlc
or
altcr
natc,
am
pullif
orm
no i
nfor
mat
ion
3111
.422
1
3 I 1
3.42
23
to 3
00
x X-
9 pm
. stm
plc,
stra
ight
. ac
ute
16-X
) x
7 9
pm,
few.
al
tern
ate
or
oppo
site.
nm
puliif
orm
to
170
pm
diam
.. ~c
rruco
se
to
160
ptr
diam
.. ~c
~tru
~~os
c
3111
.422
2 to
350
x 6
8
pm,
Gmplc
. ,tr
aigh
t or
sli
ghtly
flc
xuou
\ su
bacu
te
1772
4x6-
7pm
m
wtly
alte
mat
c.
ampu
llifor
m
to
180
pm
diam
.. sli
ghtly
“cr
r”c”sc
indc
t. M
ela.
mvn
a ia
ceae
Data
fro
m
Hans
ford
( I
96
1).
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 263
Figs 17-19. MeZioZa kakamegensis (holotype); 17: hyphae with appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (a), 18: branched mycelial setae, 19: ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.
Host species: Alchornea Zuxifloru (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiuceae). Distribution: Kenya (Mumias); only known from the type collection. Notes: The Euphorbiaceue is a large family with considerable diversity in the
tropics, and the associated Meliolu species are similarly diverse. Tab. 4 contrasts M. kukumegensis with known species with branched mycelial setae. Of the species
Tab.
4. Sp
ecies
of
Melio
lu wi
th
bran
ched
or
denta
te sa
c as
socia
ted
with
the
Eu
~hor
hince
ue
brrv
idenr
utu
3133
.322
2
brid
elin
e 31
31.3
223
crar
onico
lu 31
41.4
221
10
650
x 8-
10
pm,
irreg
ularly
dc
ntatc
01
to 40
0 x
7-8
pm.
\inlpl
e
bifur
cate.
bra
nche
s to
or irr
egula
rly
2- to
3-de
ntate,
ap
ices
obtus
e,
20 p
m
ol’tcn
sh
ghtly
tor
ulohe
to 30
0 x
7-8
pm,
simple
or
2m to
3-d
entat
e, bra
nche
s to
6 pm
, ac
ute
dimor
phic;
to
800
x 8-
9 pm
, sim
ple.
obtus
e; to
250
x 7--
8 pm
. ap
ex
roug
h, sli
ghtly
de
ntalc,
to
4 pm
to 26
0 x
7-10
pm
2-
IO
Sdich
otomo
us,
branc
hes
bent
and
rellcx
cd.
apice
s ac
ute
to 26
0 x
7 pm
. wi
th
2Z4
branc
hes
to 20
pm
long,
irr
egula
rly
dcnta
tc
10 4
00
x x-
IO p
m.
2- dic
hotom
ouu,
bran
che\
LO
160
pm.
apice
s ac
ute
altcrn
atc,
straig
ht or
bent,
he
ad
cell
13-1
8 x
IO-14
pm
.
alter
nntc.
str
aight
or be
nt.
cntirc
or
lobat
e,
stalk
3-Y
pm
head
ce
ll 9-
13
x 8-
10
pm,
subg
lobos
c, cn
tirc,
stalk
I--X
pm
long
long
alter
nate
or op
posit
e, str
aight
or hc
nt,
head
ce
ll 9-
11
x 6-
8 pm
, glo
bosc
to
ovate
. sta
lk 3-
8 pm
lon
g
altcrn
atc.
usua
lly
benl,
he
ad
ccl1
10-1
3x
9-l
1 pm,
ub
gloho
sc
to ov
ate,
stalk
2-4
pm
long
alter
na~
ucun
lly
straig
ht.
head
cc
l1 15
-19
x lo-
18
pm.
angu
lar
or lob
ate.
sta
lk 6-
10
pm
long
20-3
5 x
7-9
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
crnatc
, qc
para
te.
ampu
llifor
m
x-25
x 6-
7 pm
, op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
. am
pullif
orm
15-2
0 x
6-8
pm,
altcrn
atc
or op
posit
e, am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
IS-lY
x7-Y
pm,
oppo
site
or all
cmatc
. am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
G/c
not
given
, few
. alt
erna
te or
oppo
site,
mixe
d wi
th
apprc
ssori
a. am
pullif
orm
alter
nate.
oft
en
bent,
he
ad
ccl1
14-1
8 x
6-7
pm.
O-1
3 x
Y IO
pm,
glo
boae
to
mostl
y alt
erna
te,
ovate
. \ta
lk 2-
7 pm
lon
g am
pullif
orm.
mi
xed
with
ap
prcsy
oria
aiter
natc.
str
aight
or be
nt,
not
\ccn
head
cc
l1 16
-20
x IO
-12
pm.
ovate
to
cylin
drica
l, <ta
lk x-1
2
IJ”,
long
Lo 1
YO p
m dia
m.
to 14
0 pm
dia
m.,
verm
cose
to 19
0pm
diam.
. “U
TUCO
S~
to I30
ym
dia
m.,
sligh
tly
“CtT
UCOS
C
10 1
90 p
m dia
m.,
verru
cose
to I50
I-“”
&a
m.,
vcrru
covz
10 1
00 p
’m
diam.
, Ye
lTLK
Ob~
38-4
4 x
16-1
8 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
cons
tricted
, Gs
cptat
e
3946
x 11
&13X
9-
10
pm,
oblon
g,
obtus
e, sli
ghtly
co
nstric
ted,
4-scp
tate
30-3
8 x
12-l
5 I-‘“
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
sligh
tly
cons
tricted
, -I-
Septd
le
30-3
5 x
12-1
3 pm
, ob
long
to su
bcllip
soida
l. ob
tuhc.
cons
tricted
, 4.s
cptat
c
3X-4
3 x
14-1
5 pm
, ob
long
to su
bcllip
soida
l, ob
tuse,
cons
tricted
, 4.s
cptat
c
43-4
9 x
14-l
6 pm
. ell
ipsoid
al,
obtus
e. co
nstric
ted,
4.sep
tatc
Acal
vphi
r
AiLh
orne
a
Accd
yha
cror
on
34-4
0 x
I2-
I4 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuhc,
4.scp
tatc
Tab.
4 (
cont
d.)
Spec
ies
of M
eliola
wi
th b
ranc
hed
or d
enta
te s
etae
ass
ocia
ted
with
th
e Eu
phor
biac
eae
Beel
i fo
rmul
a M
ycel
iul
seta
e Ap
pres
soria
Co
nidi
ogen
ous
cells
As
com
atu
Asco
spor
es
Host
genu
s
jam
aice
nsis
3133
.533
3
jane
irens
is 31
33.4
221
jane
irens
is 31
31.4
221
var.
ricin
oden
dri
kaka
meg
ensis
31
41.4
231
micr
opod
u 31
33.3
223
ugan
dens
is 31
43.5
231
to 90
0 x
9-10
pm
, sim
ple
01
scab
rid
to sh
ortly
denta
te,
apice
s su
bacu
te
to 30
0 x
8 pm
, the
ape
x va
rious
ly de
ntate
to 8
pm
to 23
0 x
7-9
pm,
2- to
5m
denta
te,
branc
hes
to 15
pm
to 27
0 x
9-10
pm
, 2-
to 6-
denta
te,
branc
hes
to 5
ym
long,
ac
ute
dimor
phic
; to
900
x 7-
8 pm
, 2-
to 4.d
entat
e, to
5 pm
lon
g;
to 22
0 pm
, mo
re
bran
ched
, to
15 w
to2
20x1
0-12
pm,2-
to 3-
dicho
tomou
s, bra
nche
s re
flexe
d, to
50 p
m
abtIa
te,
stra
ight
or
sinuo
us,
head
cell
15
-20
x 8-
10
pm,
cylin
drica
l to
ellips
oidal,
sta
lk 5-
8 pm
lon
g
altcm
ate
or op
posit
e, str
aight
or sli
ghtly
be
nt,
head
cell
lo-
14
x9-12
pm
, glo
bose
, sta
lk2
-5 pm
lon
g
alter
nate
or un
ilate
ral,
straig
ht,
head
cell
I O
-l 3
x 8-
l 1
pm,
cylin
dric
to cla
vate,
sta
lk 3-
6 pm
alter
nate,
str
aight
to be
nt, h
ead
cdl
14-1
7 x
14-1
7 pm
, lob
ate,
sta
lk 7-
I4 pm
lon
g
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
straig
ht,
head
cell
8-
10
pm d
iam.,
globo
se,
stalk
2-5
pm l
ong
alter
nate
or op
posit
e, t
straig
ht,
head
cell
12
-15
pm d
iam.,
subg
lobos
e to
ovate
, sta
lk 4-
5 pm
long
20-2
8 x
8-10
pm
, alt
erna
te or
oppo
site,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
15-2
0x7-
lOpm
, op
poslt
c or
alter
nate,
fre
quen
t, am
pullif
onn,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
14-2
2 x
6-8
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
apprc
ssori
a
19-2
4 x
5-7
pm,
nume
rous
, op
posit
e, am
pullif
orm
15-1
9x6-
8pm,
op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
16-1
8 x
IO-12
pm
, ve
ry nu
mero
us,
oppo
site
or all
erna
tc,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
to 22
0 pm
49
-58
x 23
-27
pn,
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
wide
ly ell
ipsoid
al,
obtus
e, co
nstric
ted,
4.sep
tate
to 17
0 pm
39
116x
l&17
pm,
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
cylin
dric
to su
bellip
soid,
ob
tuse,
sligh
tly
cons
tricted
, 4.s
eptat
e
to 17
0 pm
38
43
x 14
-16
pm,
diam.
, ve
rmco
se
ellips
oidal
to ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4-se
ptate
180-
210
pm
36-4
6 x
12-1
7 pm
, dia
m..
verru
cosc
ob
long
to fus
oid,
obtus
e, 4.s
eptat
e
to 14
0 pm
34
-38
x 11
-15
pm,
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
oblon
g,
obtus
e, co
nstric
ted,
4-se
ptate
to 24
0 pm
46
-52
x 14
-l 8
pm,
diam.
, vc
rruco
se
oblon
g,
obtus
e, co
nstric
ted,
4-se
ptate
Crot
on
Crot
on
Ricin
o-
dend
ron
Alch
onea
Crot
on
Euph
orbi
a
Data
tak
en f
rom
Ha
nsfo
rd
(196
1).
Kapo
or
(196
7)
and
Mib
ey
& Ha
wksw
orth
(1
997)
.
266 R. K. Mibey & P. E Cannon
currently accepted from Alchornea, Me&la alchnrnricola Hansf. on Alcharnea javan- ensis from Java differs from M. kakamegensis in having larger ascospores (43-49 x 20-22 pm), shorter hyphal cells and appressoria (15-25 x 7-8 and 20-25 x 12-16 pm) respectively, and longer and simple mycelial setae with acute to obtuse apices (to 480 x IO-12 pm). M. alchorneae EL. Stev. & Tehon on Alchornea sp. from Brazil differs from M. kakamegensis in having shorter hyphal cells (to 30 x 5-6 pm), much smaller appressoria (IS-19 x 8-10 pm) with the head cell suhglobose and entire, mycelial setac simple and longer (to 400 x 7-8 pm) with the apices obtuse and irregularly 2-3 dentate (Hansford, 1961). M. micropoda Hansf. (syn. M. crotorlis-nlacr0,Fta~~h~~ii.s Hansf.; Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997) has been recorded from the Shimba Hills in the coastal region of Kenya: this has longer mycelial sctae and much smaller apprcssoria and conidiogenous cells.
Figs 20-22. A4diolu longiuppressoriatu (holotype); 20: mycelial setae with obtuse apices, 21: hyphae exhibiting appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (fi), 22: ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 267
Meliola longiappressoriata Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 20-22) Etymology: longiuppressoriatu (Latin), in reference to the rather long appres-
soria. Plagulae amphigenae, densae, ad 4 mm diam. Hyphae undulatae, laxe reticu-
latae, oppositae vel irregulariter acuteque ramosae, cellulis 32-48 x 8-12 pm. Appres- soria alternata, curvula 40-74 x 18-24 pm, cellulue apicales lobatae 24-28 x 18-24 pm, cellulae basales curvulae 1646 x 8-12 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae irregular- itel; conoideae 20-32 x 8-1Opm. Setae mycelialis dispersae, numerosae, subrectae, simplices, apicem acuteque ad 1600 x 8-12 pm. Ascomata dispersa, verrucosa ad 310 pm diam. Ascosporae I-septatae, cylindraceae, constrictae, obtusae 58-64 x 16-20 pm.
Beeli Formula: 3111.6244. Colonies to 4 mm diam., amphigenous, dense, velvety. Hyphae loosely reticulate, undulating, the branching opposite to irregular at acute angles, with cells 3248 x 8-12 pm. Appressoria 40-74 x 18-24 pm, alternate, often distinctly crooked, the head cell 24-28 x 18-24 pm, variously lobed, the basal cell 16-46 x 8-12 pm, usually curved. Conidiogenous cells 20-32 x 8-10 pm, irregular in form but usually almost triangular in surface view, mixed with the appressoria. Mycelial setue to 1600 x 8-l 2 pm, scattered, mostly flexous, simple, acute. Ascomatu to 310 pm diam., perithecioid, scattered, slightly flattened, distinctly verrucose. Asci not seen. Ascospores 58-64 x 16-20 pm, 4-septate, t cylindrical, strongly constricted at the septa, the ends obtuse, dark chocolate brown, without a gelatinous sheath.
Typification: Kenya: Shimba Hills National Reserve, Makadara forest, on leaves of Strychnos sp., 28 Mar. 1999, PF: Cannon 375 (IMI 376673 - holotype of Meliola longiappressoriata).
Host species: Strychnos sp. (Loganiaceae). Distribution: Kenya, not known elsewhere. Notes: Meliola strychni Mibey, also collected from the Shimba Hills National
Reserve on leaves of an undetermined Strychnos, differs from this species in having smaller hyphal cells (16-34 x 668 pm), appressoria (20-31 x 8-12 pm), mycelial setae (200-370 x 8-l 1 pm) and ascospores (33-39 x II-16 pm; Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997). M. longiappressoriata is distinct from all currently known species associated with the Loganiaceae in many size characteristics. The appressoria are particularly large, with unusually long stalk cells, and the mycelial setae, ascomata and ascospores are all towards the upper limit of their respective size ranges for the genus. See Tab. 5 for a comparison with other Meliola species associated with Loganiaceae.
Meliola muhakae Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 23-25). Etymology: muhakae (Latin), in reference to the Kaya Muhaka from where the
type specimen was collected. Plagulae hypophyllae, tenues, ad 3 mm diam. Hyphae undulatae, laxe reticu-
la&e, oppositae acuteque vel luxe ramosae, cellulis 24-36 pm longis. Appressoria opposita, recta vel curvula, 14-29 x 7-12 pm, cellulae apicales angulosae, sublobatae, lo-22 x 7-12 pm, cellulae basales cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 5-7 x 7-10pm. Cellulae conidiogenae numerosae, oppositae, illis appressoria commixta, ampullaceae, 19-24 x 7-10 pm. Setae mycelialis dispersae, subrectae, simplices, apicem acuteque, 760-1350 pm. Ascomata pauces, dispersa, 170-210 pm diam. Ascosporae 4-septatae, cylindraceae vel ellipsoideae, constrictae, obtusae, 43-58 x 19-24 pm.
Beeli Formula: 3 112.5334. Colonies hypophyllous, thin, to 3 mm diam. Hyphae undulating, loosely reticulate, branching opposite at wide angles, with cells 24-36 pm long. Appressoria 1429 x 7-12 pm, opposite, widely spaced, straight to bent, head cell lo-22 x 7-12 pm, angular to sinuous, sublobate, sometimes broadly clavate and entire, basal cell 5-7 x 7-10 pm, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells 19-24 x 7-10 pm,
3121
.523
2 to
350
xX-
10
pm,
nlnnc
rous
, \ca
t1c1
-cd,
\Im
ple
to c
uhun
cinat
c
3 1 I
I ,4
22 I
to
240
x 9
-10
pm,
spais
e.
the
apex
wi
dely
clava
tc
3131
.422
4 to
11
00 x
Y-1
1 sim
ple
pm,
LO de
ntat
e,
stra
ight
3 I 1
3.43
32
LO 34
0 x
10 p
m.
num
erou
s.
stra
ight
. sim
ple.
ac
ute
i I I
I .4
222
to 4
00
x X-
Y pm
, t
stra
ight
, sc
atte
red.
sim
ple.
ac
ute
3 I I
I .6
244
to
1600
x 8
-12
pm.
scat
tere
d,
mos
ll~
flcxo
u\.
,mlp
ic,
aCUl
C
,~““‘
pan,
~~~,
,.,,.,
3
I 11 ,
322
I 1 S
O-20
0 x
7-Y
pm.
dcns
c, ar
cuat
e.
the
apex
oh
ru\e
. 5o
mcti
mcs
\w
olle
n
perih
ii 3
1 I 1
.322
1 to
2X0
x 7
8
pm.
\cattc
rcd.
st
raig
ht,
Gm
ple,
ac
ute
3 I 1
3.42
23
to 5
70 p
m
lung
, \ca
ttcre
d.
Gm
ple,
st
raig
ht.
acut
e to
wb
acut
c
alrcm
atc,
stra
ight
or
he
m.
crow
ded,
he
ad c
ell
IO-
14 x
Y-
I2 p
m.
sulk
2-5
p,n
long
alle
mal
c.
head
cc
l1 17
-26
x 14
-18
pm,
clava
tc,
stalk
II-18
vrn
lo
ng
dtcm
atc,
f hc
nt,
head
cel
l I S
-20
x 7-
9 pm
. sta
lk S-
8 I-“
,, l0
flg
mos
tly
&mat
e,
ofte
n be
nt,
head
cc
l1 I I
-18
x
8 15
pm
un.
stalk
4-8
pm
long
altc
mat
e,
stra
ight
w
hcnt
, he
ad
cell
1 l-2
0 x
7- 9
pm
, sta
lk 5.
IO
pn
long
alte
rnat
e,
ofte
n di
stin
ctly
croo
ked.
he
ad
cell
24-2
X x
18-2
4 ),r
n.
\ialk
16-4
6 x
S-1
2 pt
n
alte
rnat
e.
head
cc
/I 9-
14
X 1 I
-I?
pm,
cllip
lical
or
m
aid,
sta
lk 4-
7 x
S-6.
5 pm
alte
rnat
e,
stra
ight
or
be
nt.
head
ce
ll 12
-17
x 7-
10
pm.
s1alk
J-9
pm
lo
ng
altc
roal
e (*
IO %
op
posit
e),
stra
ight
. he
ad c
ell
not
seen
IS
20 x
S-Y
pm,
10
200
p
cuno
id.
altc
mat
c di
am.,
? sm
ooth
I X-3
0 x
7 pm
, nu
mer
ous,
am
pullif
orm
, al
tem
atc
or o
ppos
ite
1 s-2
0 x
7-Y
pm,
ampu
llifor
m.
alte
rnat
e or
opp
osite
18-2
7 x
7-8
pm,
cono
id
to a
mpu
llifor
m.
inost1
y al
1em
atc
20-3
2 x
8-10
pm
, irr
egul
ar
in f
orm
14-1
8 x
j-6.5
, ve
ry i’a
rc,
ampu
llifor
m
IS-2
2 x
7-8
pm,
rcw.
oppo
sltc
or
alte
rnat
e.
cono
id
lo a
mpu
llifor
m
19-x
x
9-l
0 pm
, op
posit
e or
alte
rnat
e,
to 2
20 p
m
diam
., sli
ghtly
~c
nuco
se
to
150
pm
diam
.. ve
rruco
sc
IO 2
10 p
n dm
n..
sligh
tly
vcrru
cose
to
160p
m
diam
., vc
rruco
sc
to 3
lOpm
di
am..
dist
inct
ly Ve
rlUCO
SC
100-
170
pm
diam
.. gl
ohos
e
to
140
pm
diam
.. \cI
rruco
sc
lo
195
pm
diam
‘V-5
1 x
16-1
9 x
12-1
4 pm
, ob
long
, ob
tuse
. 4.
scpt
atc
4349
x
18-2
1 pm
, cy
imdr
ical.
obtu
se,
4.se
ptat
e
38-4
5 x
14-1
7 x
12-1
3 pn
, el
lipso
id-c
ylind
rical
, ob
tuse
, 4-
scpt
ate
4147
x 16
-18x
13
-E
pm,
oblo
ng,
ohtu
sc.
4.cc
ptat
e
3642
x
17-2
0 pm
, oh
long
, ob
tuse
, I-\
cpta
te
5%64
x
16-X
pn
. 2
cylin
drica
l. ob
tuse
, -I-
SCpt
;ilC
27-3
6 x
13.-I
S x
IO-I
I pm
, ob
long
, oh
tu\c
. 4m
scpt
ate
32-3
8 x
12-1
5 pm
, ob
long
, ob
tuse
, 4.
scpt
ate
3641
.5
x l2
-17p
m,
cylin
drica
l. 4.
tcpta
tc.
Y- I
3 x
8 I2
pm
, sta
lk 2.
5-S
pm
cono
ld
to a
mpu
lllfor
m
cons
trtcte
d at
the
sep
va
long
Tab.
5 (
cont
d.)
Mel
iola
sp
ecie
s as
socia
ted
with
Lo
gania
cene
Beel
i fo
rmul
a M
yelia
l se
tae
Appr
esso
ria
Coni
diog
enou
s ce
lls
Asco
mat
a As
cosp
ores
Ho
st ge
nus
spig
elia
e 31
11.3
221
Slpt
.ht7
i 3 1
1 I .3
222
stvch
nicola
31
11.4
221
stryc
hnico
la va
r. va
nder
ysfli
stryc
hni-
mul
tiflo
rae
3111
.322
1
3111
.322
3
uster
iae
3111
.422
2
warn
ecke
i 31
1 I .
3222
to 30
0 x
7-8
pm,
simple
, str
aight
or sli
ghtly
Re
xuou
s, su
bacu
te 20
0-37
0 x
8-1
I pm,
few
, str
aight
to un
duiat
ing,
acme
to
subo
btuse
to
270
x 7
mn,
straig
ht to
sligh
tly
llexu
ous,
simple
, ob
tuse
to 24
0 x
8-9
pm,
scatt
ered
, str
aight,
sim
ple,
obtus
e
to 60
0 x
7-8
pm,
scatt
ered
, str
aight,
sim
ple,
obtus
e
to 36
0 x
8 pm
, sc
atter
ed,
straig
ht or
sligh
tly
flexu
ous,
simple
, ob
tuse
to 40
0 x
8-9
pm,
straig
ht or
sligh
tly
flexu
ous,
acute
, sim
ple
alter
nate,
As
traigh
t, he
ad c
ell
ovate
, lo-
15
x 6-
8 pm
, sta
lk 3-
5 pm
lon
g alt
erna
te,
straig
ht,
head
cell
12
-l;
x 8-
12
pi,
clava
tc to
aublo
bate
, sta
lk 6-
12
x 6-
8 pm
alt
erna
te,
straig
ht,
head
cell
9-
14
x 9-
12
w,
* cir
cular
, sta
lk 3-
7 pm
lon
g,
cune
ate
alter
nate,
str
aight
or f
bent,
he
ad c
ell
11-1
7 x
8-11
pm
, sta
lk 4-
7 pm
lon
g alt
erna
te,
often
irr
egula
rly
bent,
he
ad c
ell
14-2
1 x
8-12
pm
, sta
lk 5-
10
l.nn
long
alter
nate,
us
ually
str
aight,
he
ad
cell
12-1
6 x
IO-15
pm
, sta
lk 5-
9 pm
lon
g,
cylin
dtic
alter
nate,
str
aight
or rcc
urved
, he
ad c
ell
12-1
8 x
9-12
inn
, sta
lk 5-
8 pm
lon
g
15-2
3 x
6-8
pm,
few,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifor
tn
17-2
5 x
S-8
pm,
few,
Opp
Osi
te
t0
kTt?
gUiX
,
cono
id to
ampu
llifor
m 14
-20
x 7-
8 pm
, op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
am
pullif
otm
15-2
0 x
6-8
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifor
m 18
-24
x 6-
8 pm
, mo
stly
alter
nate,
na
rrowl
y am
pullif
orm
14-1
8 x7
-S
l.trn,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
nume
rous
, am
pullif
orm
14-1
9x7-
8pm,
op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
am
pullif
orm
to co
noid
to 16
0pm
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
90-I
60 p
m dia
m.,
vertu
cose
to 14
Opm
diam.
, ve
rmco
se
to 14
5 l,tr
n dia
m.,
verru
cose
to 13
0pm
diam.
, ve
rmco
se
to 15
0 pm
dia
m.,
vernt
cosc
to 17
0 l,tr
n dia
m.,
verm
cose
2432
x
IO-12
pm
, ob
long
to su
bellip
soid,
ob
tuse,
4.sep
tate
33-3
9 x
II-16
pm
, cy
lindr
ica!
to *cu
rved,
obtus
e, 4-
septa
te 35
41
x 11
-13
pm,
cylin
drica
l, ob
tuse,
4-se
ptate
32-3
6 x
14-1
6 x
12-l
3 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4.sep
tate
30-3
4 x
13-1
4 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4-se
ptate
34-4
0 x
13-1
6 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
4-se
ptate
35-3
9 x
1619
.5
pm,
oblon
g to
ellips
oidal,
ob
tuse,
4-se
ptate
Spig
elia
, St
rych
nos
Stry
chno
s
Stry
chno
s, Ga
ertn
era
Stry
chno
s
Stry
chno
s
Uste
ria,
Anth
ocle
ista
Stry
chno
s
Data
tak
en f
rom
Ha
nsfo
rd
(196
1),
Hosa
goud
ar
& Ab
raha
m
(199
8),
Hugu
enin
(I 96
9).
Mib
ey
& Ha
wksw
orth
(1
997)
an
d Pe
trak
(195
8)
270 R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon
24 25
Figs 23-25. Meliala muhakae (holotype); 23: hyphae with appressoria (+) and conidiogenous cells cd), 24: ascospores, 25: mycelial setae with subacute to obtuse apices. Bar = 30 pm.
numerous, mixed with appressoria, opposite, ampulliform. Mycelial setue 760-1350 pm, scattered, flexuous. simple, acute. Ascomata 170-210 pm diam., perithecial, few, scattered, vcrrucose. Ascospores 43-58 x 19-24 pm, 4-scptate. cylindrical to ellipsoidal. constricted at the septa, obtuse.
‘Qpification: Kenya: South Coast, Kaya Muhaka, on lcaves of Diospyros kabuyeana. 24 Sep. 1998, S. Mathrnge & G. Kuriuki (NAI - holotypc of MPliola muhakae).
Host species: Diospyros kabuyrana F. White (Ebenaceue). Distribution: Kenya, not known from elsewhere. Notes: There is a large number of species of Meliola described from Diospvros
species. M. diospyri H. Sydow (including the two varieties 1cwnensi.s Hansf. and yates~arza (Trotter) Hansf. & Deighton) is similar but has usually narrower ascospores and shorter mycelial setae. Other known species all have alternately rather than oppositely arranged appressoria. Only one species on a member of the Eberzaceue has previously been recorded from Kenya, Meliola fructuosue Mibey (Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997). This occurs on Euclen natu1erz.ri.s subsp. obowta (syn. E. ,jvuctuosrr Hiern; Bcentje. 1994) from
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 271
the Shimba Hills. It differs from M. muhakae in having an amphigenous colony habit with densely reticulate hyphae and much shorter hyphal cells (16-25 x 6-9 pm), alternate and longer appressoria 17-35 x 9-14 urn in size, smaller mycelial setae (to 660 pm) and ascospores 47-5 I x 12-20 ym in size. Species of Meliola associated with the Ebenaceae are given in Tab. 6.
Diospyros kabuyeana is considered to have a vulnerable conservation status (Beentje, 1994), and M. muhakae does not appear to be present on other Diospyros species in the vicinity of the type collection. It should provisionally be considered as vulnerable along with its host. Kaya Muhaka is one of the coastal forest remnants which
Figs 26-28. Meliola pkaeomaculans (holotype); 26: hyphae with appressoria (A) and conidioge- nous cells (a), 27: mycelial setae with acute apices, 28: ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.
Tab.
6. Sp
ecies
of
‘ Me
lioln
asso
ciated
wi
th
the
Ehrn
uc~a
e
3 I 1
3.42
23
to 70
0 x
10-l
2 vtr
aight
pm
Cmple
, ob
tuse.
3 I 12
.422
3 Lo
700
x Y
--l I
pm,
atra
ight.
Gmplc
, oh
tuw
31 12
.53
3 lo
750
x IO
&l 1
str
aight
pm,
Gmplc
. ob
tuse
IO s
ubac
ute
31 1
3.63
33
to 75
0 x
X-l
1 pm.
str
aight
Gmplc
. ac
u~r
to wb
acute
3 I 13
.423
3 to
750
x Y-
l I p
m,
waigh
t, sim
ple.
acute
to
wbac
ute
3 I I
I A22
1 27
0&66
0 x
8-I
I pm,
\im
pic
eqht,
ob
tuse
alter
nate
(to
oppo
site)
, mo
stly
straig
ht,
head
cell
I l
-18
x 8-
I I p
m, o
vate
to flo
bose
, Gi
lL 4-
Y pm
lon
g
opp”
\ite,
urua
lly
straig
ht he
ad
cell
IO-13
x
7-Y
pm,
wale
to wb
cono
id.
stalk
3-6
pm l
ong
oppo
site
. usuall
y str
aight,
he
ad
cell
12-1
6 x
IO-14
pm
, ov
ate
or clo
\~ate
. sta
lk 3-
6 Fr
n lon
g
altci-
natc,
str
aight
or be
nt, h
ead
cell
13-X
x
10~1
9 pm
. su
hgiob
ose
to lob
ate,
sta
lk S-
30
pm l
ong.
so
metim
es
scpta
re
altct-
natc
or op
posit
e, mo
stly
straig
ht,
head
ccl1
Y-1
3 x
X-IO
pm
. glo
bosc
to
oblon
g,
Ah
2-6
vrn
long
,dtem
ate
or op
po\itc
. wa
ight
01
hcnt.
he
ad c
ell
12
I9 x
9-l
2 pm
. CI
B\‘B
lC 1
0 wh
lohat
e.
\talk
S-X
pm l
ong
altcm
atc,
straig
ht,
head
ccl1
14
-26
x Y
I4 pm
, cla
wte
to an
gular
. Qd
lk ce
ll 3.
Y pm
lon
g
1 S-2
5 x
7-X
pm,
to 24
0 pm
40
48
x 16
-19
pm,
Dios
y.wos
alt
erna
le or
oppo
site,
diam.
. ~c
rruco
w ob
long,
ob
tuse,
cono
id to
nmpu
llifor
m,
shgh
tly
cons
tricted
, mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
4-s
cptat
c
IS-2
4 x
7-8
pm,
few,
lo 20
0 pm
34
42
x 14
-16
pm,
D10s
pyr0s
. op
poslt
c or
altcrn
atc,
dinm.
, ~c
~~uc
osc
oblon
g,
obtus
e. M
uba
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d co
nstric
ted.
4-sep
tatc
with
ap
pres
soria
P
16
~20
x Y-
10
pm,
few.
unkn
own
46-5
0 x
20-2
I p
m,
DiO
.Sp~
fV.~
op
postt
e or
allcm
ale,
oblon
g to
ampu
llifor
m.
mixe
d su
bellip
aoidn
l, ob
tuse,
with
ap
pres
soria
sli
ghtly
co
nstric
ted,
4sep
tate
7:
I X-2
9 x
to 30
0 pm
diam
. SO
-62
x 19
-23
pm,
Diox
pwos
7-
Y pm
. +
alrer
nate,
q
lindr
ical
lo co
noid
to am
pullif
orm.
wb
ellips
oidal,
ob
tuse,
mixe
d wt
h ap
prea
aoria
co
nstric
ted,
4.acp
tatc
17-2
2 x
7-Y
pm,
to IX
Opm
3643
x
14-1
5 x
DW,p
lWS
oppo
sltc
or alt
erna
te,
Jiarn
., \ e
rrucw
e 12
-l 3
pm,
oblon
g,
ampu
llifor
nm.
mixe
d ob
turc
cons
tricted
, wi
th
apprc
ssori
a 4.s
eptat
e
20-E
x
7-Y
pm,
10 2
20 p
m 33
49
x IS
-19
pm.
fkku
oppo
site
or ait
erna
tc,
diam.
, ww
cosc
oh
long,
oh
twc,
cono
id to
ampu
lhfor
m.
cons
tricted
, 4.s
eptat
e mi
xed
with
ap
pres
aoria
19-2
3 x
6-Y
pm,
13%
I80
pm
47-S
I x
12
-20
pm,
Eucle
a op
posil
c oi
inqula
r. dia
m.,
vcrm
cosc
sli
ghtly
fus
oid,
obtus
e, nu
mero
u\,
mixe
d wi
th
cowt
rictcd
, 4.s
cptat
c ap
prc\w
ria
Tab.
6 (co
ntd.)
Spec
ies
of Me
liola
asso
ciated
wi
th
the
Eben
acea
e
Beeli
for
mula
Myce
lial
setac
Ap
pres
soria
Co
nidiog
enou
s ce
lls
Asco
mata
Asco
spore
s Ho
st ge
nus
hirsu
ta 31
11.4
224
to 21
70x
8-12
pm
, s:r
aight
to fle
xuou
s, sim
ple,
acute
to
suba
cute
hirsu
ta va
r. 31
13.4
224
to 22
00
x 7-
10
pm,
major
str
aight,
sim
ple,
the
apex
att
enua
te to
obtus
e
mega
locar
pa
3111
.633
3 to
800x
11
-13
pm,
straig
ht,
simple
, ob
tuse
muha
kae
3112
.533
4 76
0-13
50
pm,
simple
, tle
xuou
s, ac
ute
alter
nate
(to
oppo
site)
, va
rious
ly be
nt.
head
cc
l! 7-
I 1
x 5-
11
w,
oblon
g to
subg
lobos
e, sta
lk 3-
10
pm
long
alter
nate,
str
aight
or sli
ghtly
be
nt,
head
ce
ll 10
-l 5
x 7-
9 pm
, ob
long
to su
bclav
ate,
stalk
3-6
pm
long
alter
nate,
str
aight
or sli
ghtly
rec
urved
, he
ad
cell
16-2
0 x
I O-1
5 pm
, ov
ate
to ob
long,
sta
lk 4-
10
pm
long
oppo
site,
straig
ht to
bent,
he
ad
cell
10-2
2x
7-12
pm
, an
gular
to
sublo
bate,
sta
lk 5-
7 pm
lon
g
16-2
0 x
5-7
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifon
n,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
18-2
3 x
6-7
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
22-2
7 x
9-11
pm
, alt
erna
te or
oppo
site,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
19-2
4 x
7-10
pm
, nu
mero
us,
oppo
site,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
to 18
0pm
diam.
, “er
nlcos
e
to 16
0 pm
dia
m.,
verru
cose
to 22
0 pm
dia
m.,
verru
cose
170-
2 10
pm
diam.
,
2841
x
13-1
5 x
Dios
pyros
m
IO-12
ur
n. ob
long.
6’
obtus
e, sli
ghtly
G
cons
tricted
, 4-
septa
te -2 5 0
4148
x
16-1
9 x
Dios
pyros
z
12-1
4 ob
long,
pm
, 6.
obtus
e, co
nstric
ted,
3 4-
septa
te 3
57-6
2 x
22-2
6 pm
, Ma
ba
oblon
g,
obtus
e, F
cons
tricted
, 4-
septa
te :
43-5
8 x
19-2
4 pm
, Di
ospy
ros
cylin
drica
l to
ellips
oidal,
ob
tuse,
cons
tricted
, 4-
septa
te
Data
taken
fro
m Ha
nsfor
d (1
961)
an
d Mi
bey
& Ha
wksw
orth
(199
7).
274 R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon
have been protected over the centuries as they are considered to be sacred areas to the local inhabitants, though increasing pressures on land and a decline in respect for traditional values are causing renewed conservation threats.
Meliola phaeomaculans Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 26-28). Etymology: phaeomaculuns (Latin), in reference to the brown discoloration 01
the leaf by this fungus. Plagu~ue hypophyllae, tmues, ad 4 mm diam. Hyphae undulatae. lax-e r&w
lame, oppositae acuteque vel lane ramosae, cellulis 2044 x 4-6 pm. Appressoria 16-20 x 6-8 pm, opposita vel alternata, recta vu1 curiwla. cellulae apicules 8-14 X h-spurn, clavatae vel angulosae, cellulae busales 4-6 x 6 pm, cylindruceae. Cellulae conidiogenae 18-22 x 6-8 p77, pauses, irregulares, illis uppressoria c’ommixtu, ampullaceae. Setae myceliales 600-760 x 6-10 pm, dispersae, numerosue, rectue, ramo- sue, apicem acute. Ascomata 150-170 pm dium.. dispersa. Ascosporae 32-38 x IO-14 pm, 4-septatae, ellipsoidear, cnnstrictue. .subacute.s.
Bceli Formula: 31 13.3223. Colonies to 4 mm diam., hypophyllous, thin, spreading to form large brown patches on the affected surfaces. Hyphae undulating, loosely reticulate, branching opposite at acute angles, with cells 20-44 x 4-6 pm. Appre.ssoria 16-20 x 6-8 pm, opposite to alternate, widely spaced, straight to bent, head cell 8-14 x 6-8 pm, broadly clavate to angular, entire, basal cell 4-6 x ELI 6 pm, cylindrical. Conidiogenous cells 18-22 x 6-8 pm, few, irregular. mixed with appressoria. and sometimes paired with them, ampulliform. Myceiial Setme 600-760 x 6-10 pm, scattered, straight, simple, acute. Ascomatu 150-l 70 pm diam., perithccial, scattered. mostly smooth. Ascaspores 32-38 x IO-14 pm, 4-septate, ellipsoidal. constricted, sub- acute.
Typification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, lsiukhu River Trail, Salazar circuit, on leaves of Tiliacoru kenyensis, 28 Feb. 1998, l?E Cannon 212 ([MI 376568b - holotype of Meliola phaeomuculans).
Host species: Tiliacora kenyensis Troupin (Menispermaceae). Distribution: Kenya, not known elsewhere. Notes: This is one of the few Meliola species which results in significant
damage to the host tissues, the leaf surface underneath and surrounding the colonies becoming significantly browned. This distinguishes M. phaeomacu/ar~.s from the similar M. cissampeli var. tiliucorue Hansf. & Dcighton (from Tiliawra in West Africa; Hughes. 19.52; Hansford, 1961) which also has shorter and wider conidiogenous cells and mycclial sctae which are sometimes dentate. Other species associated with the Menisper- maceae are contrasted in Tab. 7. No species of Mrliolu from that family has previously been rccordcd in Kenya.
Data from Hansford (I 961) Hansford & Dcighton ( 1948) and Hughes ( 1952).
Meliola phytoluccae Hansf. & Stev., J. Linn. Sot. London 51: 279 (1937). A new record for Kenya. Specimens examined: Kenya: Cherangani Hills, Cheranganyi Forest, on Phy-
tolacca dodecundra, 23 July 1997, R.K. Mibey 1481 (NAI). There are seven further collections on this host species from Uganda.
Meliola polytricha Kalchhr. & Cooke, Grevillea 8: 72 (1879). These constitute the first records of Meliola polytricha on Pittosporum mannii,
and are also new records for Kenya. Specimens examined: Kenya: Cherangani Hills, Cheranganyi Forest, on
Pittosporum lanaturn, 23 July 1997, R.K. Mihey 1494 (NAI); Kakamcga Forest, on Pittosporum lanaturn, 29 June 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI): Kakamcga Forest, northern sector, Isiukho River trail, on Pittosporum mannii subsp. ripicola. I8 July 1997. P.F:
Tab.
7.
Spec
ies o
f M
elio
la
asso
ciated
wi
th
the
Men
isper
mac
eae
Beel
i fo
rmul
a My
celia
l se
tae
Appr
esso
ria
Coni
diog
enou
s ce
lls
Asco
mar
a As
cosp
ores
Ho
st ge
nus
bang
uien
sis
cissa
mpe
li
cissu
mpe
li va
r.
cissa
m-
pelic
ola
3111
.322
2
peric
ampy
lr 31
13.4
223
peric
ampy
h Ku
. tri
clisia
e
3 113
.422
3
phae
o-
mad
am
3113
.322
3
step
hani
ae
3111
.322
1
3111
.322
3
3 133
.422
2
3133
.322
3
to 65
0 x
lo-12
pm
, sim
ple,
straig
ht,
acute
to 36
0 x
7-9
pm,
straig
ht to
torulo
se,
usua
lly
2. to
3-de
ntate
to 72
0 x
8-9
pm,
straig
ht,
acute
, sim
ple
or 2-
denta
te
to 34
0 x
8-9
pm,
simple
, so
mewh
at be
nt,
obtus
e
to 80
0 x
9-12
pm
, sim
ple,
straig
ht,
acute
to 65
0 x
9-12
ym
, sim
ple,
straig
ht,
acute
600-
760
x 6-
10
pm,
simple
, str
aight,
ac
ute
to 24
0 x
7-9
pm,
straig
ht or
sligh
tly
flcxu
ous,
simple
, ob
tuse
alter
nate,
str
aight,
he
ad c
ell
10-1
7x
lo-12
pm,
subg
lobos
e to
ovate
, sta
lk 4-
7 pm
alter
nate
(to
oppo
site)
, str
aight,
he
ad c
ell
9913
x
8-12
pm
, su
bglob
ose,
stalk
3-6
pm
alter
nate
(to
oppo
site)
, i-
straig
ht,
head
cell
II-
16
x i&
I 2
Itrn,
clava
te,
stalk
3-7
pm
alter
nate,
str
aight
or be
nt,
head
ce
ll 13
-20
x 9-
l 3
pm,
ovate
to
clava
te,
stalk
4-l
1 w
alter
nate
(to
oppo
site)
, str
aight
or be
nt,
head
cell
11
-16
x 9-
13
pm,
subg
lobos
e to
oblon
g,
stalk
48
pm
alter
nate
to op
posit
e, str
aight,
he
ad c
ell
11-1
7 x
E-10
pm
, ob
long,
sta
lk 22
6 pm
oppo
site
to alt
erna
te,
straig
ht to
bent,
hea
d ce
ll 8-
14
x 6-
8 pm
, cla
vatc
to an
gular
, sta
lk 44
6 pm
alt
ematc
, str
aight,
he
ad c
ell
12-1
6 x
10-1
3 mn
, su
bglob
ose
to cla
vate,
sta
lk 4-
9 pm
16-2
0 x
7-9
pm,
oppo
site
or un
ilate
ral,
ampu
llifot
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
15-2
0 x
6-8
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifot
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
15-1
9 x
8-9
pm,
altcm
ate
or op
posit
e, am
puilif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
prea
soria
14
-23
x 6-
8 pm
, ins
ertio
n va
ried,
ampu
llifor
m,
sepa
rate
from
appr
esso
tia
16-2
8 x
7-9
pm,
few,
alter
nate
or op
posit
e, am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
sotia
18
-24
x 6-
8 I,tr
n, op
posit
e or
unila
tera
l, am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
prcss
oria
18-2
2 x
6-8
I.trn,
few,
irreg
ular,
ampu
llifor
m,
to lS
OI.tr
n dia
m.,
verm
cose
to 18
0 pm
dia
m.,
verru
cose
to 16
0 pm
dia
m.,
sligh
tly
VeIT
”C”b
C
to 16
0pm
diam.
, ve
rruco
se
to 20
0 pm
dia
m.,
verru
cose
to 18
0 pm
dia
m..
vcrru
cose
150-
170
pm
diam.
, mo
stly
3540
x
13-1
4 x
1 l-l
2 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
cons
tricted
, 4-
septa
te 36
40
x 12
-15
pm,
oblon
g to
sube
llip-
soida
l, ob
tuse,
4-se
ptate
3440
x
13-l
5 pm
, ob
long,
ob
tuse,
cons
tricted
, 4-
septa
te
3439
x
13-1
6 ~m
r, ob
long
to su
bellip
- so
idal,
obtus
e, 4-
septa
te 38
46
x 13
-16
pm,
oblon
g,
obtus
e, sli
ghtly
co
nstric
ted,
4-se
ptate
4044
x
1416
pm
, ob
long
to su
bellip
- ao
idal,
obtus
e, 4-
septa
te 32
-38
x lo-
14
pm,
ellips
oidal,
co
nstric
ted,
indet
. M
enisp
erm
acea
e
Ciss
ampe
los,
Rh
igio
cary
a
Tiliu
cora
m
5’
2 a
Ciss
ampe
los
g.
Peric
ampy
lus
g 3 Pi
B Tr
iclisi
a,
2 Ep
inet
rum
Tilia
cora
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
smoo
th su
bacu
te,
4-se
ptate
20-2
5 x
7-9
pm,
to 15
0 pm
33
-39
x 14
-16
x op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
dia
m.,
verm
cose
12
-13
pm,
oblon
g,
cono
id to
amull
iform
, ob
tuse,
cons
tricted
, se
para
te fro
m 4-s
cptat
e ap
pres
sona
Step
hani
a,
Cycle
a
- Da
ta f
rom
Ha
nsfo
rd
(196
1),
Hans
ford
&
Deigh
ton
(194
8)
and
Hugh
es
(195
2).
276 R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon
Cunnon 58 (IMI 376437); same locality and host, 1 Mar. 1998, PF: C~rnnon 228 (IMI 376582); same data, R. K. Mibey (NAI); Kakamcga Foresl, on Pittosporum mannii subsp. ripicola, 26 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Other material in IMI originates from Australia, Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda and Zaire, on P undulntum and P ~irid{florum as well as P. lanaturn.
Meliola pycnostachydis Hansf., J. Linn. Sot. London 51: 543 (1938). Me&la pycnostachydis has not previously been reported from the host species
Achyrospermum purv~jlorum, or from Kenya. Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, track to lsiukho River from
Salazar Circuit, on Achyrospermum parv{jforum. 28 Feb. 1998, RF: Cunmm 207 (IMI 376590a): Kakamega Forest, lsacheno arca, Khaycga Swamp area, riverline near Sigalagala, on Aclqwspermum parv@wum. I Apr. 1999. R.K. Mibrx 1500 (NAI). Other material in IMI includes collections from Uganda on Pycnostrrch~s sp. and Achyrosprr- mum axillaris.
29
Figs 29-31. Meliola taitensis (holotype); 29: hyphae with widely spaced appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (a), 30: mycelial setae with acute apices. 3 1: ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.
Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 211
Meliola taitensis Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 29-3 1). Etymology: taitensis (Latin), in reference to the locality, the Taita Hills, from
where the type specimen was collected. Plagulae amphigenae, tenues, ad 3 mm diam. Hyphae subrectae, laxe reticula-
tae, oppositae acuteque ramosae, cellulis 3444 x 4-6 pm. Appressoria 18-28 x 8-12 pm, alternata, recta vel leniter curvula, cellulae apicales IO-14 x 8-12 pm, clavatae, integrae, cellulae basales 6-10 x 6pm, cylindraceae vel cuneatae. Cellulae conidiogenae 20-26 x 4-6 pm, numerosae, alternatae, illis appressoria commixta, ampullaceae. Setae myceliales 150-470 x 8 pm, dispersae, subrectae, simplices, apicem acutae. Ascomata 140-160 pm diam., dispersa, verrucosa. Ascosporae 40-44 x lo-12 pm, 4-septatae, jksoideae, constrictae, subacutae.
Beeli Formula: 3 111.4222. Colonies amphigenous, thin, to 3 mm diam., heavily parasitized by Spiropes. Hyphae substraight, loosely reticulate, branching opposite at acute angles, with cells 3444 x 4-6 pm in size. Appressoria 18-28 x 8-12 pm, alternate to linear, straight to slightly bent, widely spaced, head cell lo-14 x 8-12 pm, clavate, entire, basal cell 6-10 x ca 6 urn, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells 20-26 x 4-6 pm, numerous, alternate, mixed with appressoria, ampulliform. Mycelial setae 150-470 x 8 pm, numerous, scattered, mostly flexuous, simple, acute. Ascomata 140-160 pm diam., perithecial, scattered, verrucose. Ascospores 40-44 x lo-12 pm, 4-septate, fusoid, constricted, subacute.
Typification: Kenya: Taita Hills, Ngaongao forest, on leaves of Chassalia discolor ssp. taitensis, 18 Mar. 1999, P.F. Cannon 325 (IMI 376672d - holotype of Meliola taitensis).
Host species: Chassalia discolor subsp. taitensis Verde. (Rubiaceae). Distribution: Kenya, not known elswhere. Notes: M. taitensis has unusually narrow ascospores which are almost fusiform
and acute-ended, in contrast to the cylindrical obtuse spores found in most of the rest of the genus. Meliola species associated with the Rubiaceae are very diverse, and Tab. 8 charts the similarities and differences between M. taitensis and a cluster of species with similar basic morphological traits. A number of Meliola species with hosts belonging to the Rubiaceae are already known from Kenya, including M. chassaliae Mibey (Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997) and M. craterispermi Mibey & P.F. Cannon (this paper). M. chas- saliae differs from this species in having smaller and opposite conidiogenous cells and significantly wider ascospores, while M. craterispermi (part of the M. psychotriae group) has obtuse mycelial setae and shorter, wider ascospores.
Other material examined: Kenya: Taita Hills, Ngaongao forest, on leaves of Chassalia discolor ssp. taitensis, 18 Mar. 1999, R. K. Mibey (NAI).
Meliola trilepisii Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 32-34). Etymology: trilepisii (Latin), in reference to the host genus Trilepisium. Plagulae subdensae, ad 1 mm diam., hyphophyllae. Hyphae densae reticulatae,
subrectae, oppositae acuteque ramosae, cellulis 14-20 x 8-10 pm. Appressoria 22-28 x 12-16pm, numerosae, alternatae vel irregulares, rectae vel curvulae, cellulae apicales 14-18 x 12-16,um, clavatae, integrae vel sublobatae, cellulae basales 8-10 x 8-IO pm, cylindraceae vel cuneatae. Cellulae conidiogenae 20-24 x 8-lO pm, numerosae, illis appressoria commixta, oppositae vel irregulares, ampullaceae. Setae myceliales 180-210 x lo-12 pm, pauces, discretae, rectae vel curvulae, simplices, 2- ad 4-cristatae. Ascomata 180-230 pm diam., dispersa, verrucosa. Ascosporae 44-50 x 16-22 pm, 4-septatae, ellipsoideae, obtusae, constrictae.
Beeli Formula: 3131.4331. Colonies subdense, discrete, to 1 mm diam., on lower leaf surface. Hyphae closely reticulate, substraight, branching opposite at acute to wide angles, with cells 14-20 x 8-10 pm in size. Appressoria 22-28 x 12-16 pm,
Tab.
8.
Sp
ecie
s of
M
e/irJ
~ as
socia
ted
with
th
e Ru
biac
~re
with
sim
ple
acu~
c m
yccli
al
seta
c. al
tern
ate
appr
esso
ria
and
asco
spor
es
reac
hing
be
twee
n 2
40
and
50
pm
in
leng
th
GO
, rrn
rhri
cmrh
ov~w
mi
31 I
1.4
232
to 4
20
x 9
pm.
stra
ight
. sim
ple,
ac
ute
hwun
itmu
311l
.422
2 21
0-35
0~6-
9~1~
1 hl
mpl
c,
stra
ight
, ac
ute
3 11
I .5
222
lo
380
X X-
l I
pm,
rimpl
e,
stra
ight
. ac
ute
c~hc
zsstr
lrcLe
3
1 I I
.A22
3 37
0-56
0 x
8-l
I pm
. sim
ple.
st
raig
ht.
acut
e
rlthi
trcec
lr-Ll
m
3 I I
I.42
23
280-
540
x 6-
9 pm
ctm
plc.
stra
ight
, ac
ute
fuirr
n.Yi
.s
3 I I
I .4
222
I SO-
470
x 8
pm.
mos
tly
Ilcxu
ou\,
simpl
e.
acut
e
altc
mat
e,
usua
lly
stra
ight
, hc
tld
ccl1
13-1
8 x
IO-1
4 pm
. cla
vtitc.
sta
lk S-
10
ym
alte
rnat
e.
stra
ight
, he
ad
cell
14-2
0 x
9-l
3 pm
, cla
vate
. \ta
lk el
onga
te
;tlte
mat
c,
usua
lly
bent
, he
ad
cell
IS-2
1 x
I I-1
7 pm
, cy
lindr
ic-cla
vatc
or
lohc
d.
<tal
k 7-
12
pm
alte
mat
c or
irr
egul
ar,
<tra
ight
. he
ad
ccl1
12-2
0 X
8--
I?
pm,
clava
v2.
stalk
8-12
pm
oppo
sftc
or
alte
rnat
e,
stra
ight
. he
ad
cell
9-19
x
I IL1
3 pm
. cla
vatc
to
subg
lobo
se,
atal
k 6
12 @
m
~ltcr
n;~t
c. st
raig
ht,
head
cc
l1 9-
I6
x
6..
I I p
m.
clava
te,
stal
l\ 3-
h pm
altc
mat
c to
lin
ear,
stra
ight
or
cbe
nt,
head
ce
ll IO
-14
X x-
12
pm.
clava
re.
stalk
6-
IO p
m
-
ampu
llifor
m,
sepa
rate
fro
m
appr
esho
ria
16-Z
x
6-7
pm,
num
erou
s.
oppo
site
to
irreg
ular
, am
pullif
orm
M
I con
oid,
m
ixed
with
ap
prea
soria
mea
sure
men
ts
not
give
n,
few,
am
pullif
orm
, m
ixed
with
ap
pres
soria
16-2
3 x
6-9
pm,
oppo
site.
am
pullif
orm
. m
ixed
with
ap
prcs
soria
, nu
rncr
ou~
14-
23 x
S-
9 pm
, nu
mer
ous.
op
posit
e.
ampu
llifor
m.
mixe
d tii
th
appr
er\o
ria
14-1
6 x6
-X
pm.
oppo
bitc
lo
irre
gula
r. fe
w,
ampu
ll ifo
rm.
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
20-2
6 x
4-6
pm.
num
crou
h,
altc
mat
c.
ampu
llifor
m.
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esao
ria --
I oo-
I50
pm
di
am
to
190p
m
diitm
., vc
rruco
se
100-
l 40
pm
di
nm
I OS-
I S
O pm
di
am
105-
I 55
pm
di
am
140-
l 60
pm
40
-44
x IO
- I2
pm
, di
am.,
fusif
orm
, co
nstri
cted.
“e
rr”co
sc
\uha
cutc,
4-
sep~
ate
\ubc
llipso
idal
, oh
tusc
, sli
ghtly
co
nstri
cted,
4.
sept
atc
33-4
2 x
12-1
6 pm
. oh
long
. so
met
imes
cu
rved
, ob
tuse
, (2
-) 4-
scpt
atc
40-5
2 x
12-1
6 pn
, ob
long
to
fu
sifor
m,
obtu
se,
sligh
tly
cons
tricte
d,
4.se
pvat
c
3613
x
12-1
9 pm
. oh
long
. ob
tuse
, l-S
Cpta
te
39-4
5 x
14-2
0 pm
, cy
lindr
ical,
ohtu
sc
to
acut
e,
cons
tricte
d.
3-
to
4-hc
ptat
c
34-4
2 x
Y-17
pm
. ob
long
, a~
utc
LO
obtu
se.
cons
tricte
d,
4-,e
ptat
e
indc
t. Ru
binc
eae
Cnnt
hium
inde
t. Ru
bkcr
or
Chas
salia
Tab.
8 (
cont
d.)
Spec
ies
of M
eli&
asso
ciate
d wi
th
the
Rubia
ceae
wi
th
simpl
e ac
ute
myc
elia
l se
tae,
alte
rnat
e ap
pres
soria
an
d as
cosp
ores
rea
ching
be
twee
n 40
and
50
pm i
n len
gth
Beel
i J~
oimuia
M
ycel
ial
seta
e Ap
pres
soria
Co
nidi
ogen
ous
cells
thal
l~on
is 31
11.4
232
to 32
0 x
8-10
pm
, sim
ple,
var.
straig
ht or
arcu
ate
abov
e, na
ucle
ae
acute
or
suba
cute
webe
ri 31
11.4
223
to 80
0 x
6-8
pm,
simple
, str
aight
or sli
ghtly
be
nt,
suba
cute
alter
nate
or sc
atter
ed,
straig
ht or
bent,
he
ad
cell
15-2
2 x
11-1
6 pm
, ob
long
to ov
ate
or an
gular
, sta
lk 7-
12
pm
alter
nate,
str
aight
or be
nt,
head
ce
ll 14
-20
x IO
-14
pm,
ovate
to
oblon
g,
some
times
an
gular
, sta
lk 8-
14
pm
16-2
0 x
7-9
pm,
alter
nate,
am
pulli-
for
m,
sepa
rate
from
the a
pprcs
soria
on
sin
uous
ra
diatin
g hy
phae
16-2
0 x
6-8
pm,
cono
id to
ampu
llifor
m,
sepa
rate
from
the
appr
esso
ria
Asco
mat
a As
rosp
ores
Ho
st ge
nus
_.
m
2 a to
220
pm
3848
x13-
15x
Nauc
lea
a
diam.
, 12
-13p
m,
oblon
g,
g
verru
cose
ob
tuse,
sligh
tly
2 co
nstric
ted,
4-se
ptate
G. P 3
to 12
0 pm
40
48
x 18
-20
pm,
Web
era
x dia
m.,
oblon
g,
obtus
e, 3
verru
cose
co
nstric
ted,
4-se
ptate
2
Data
fro
m H
ansf
ord
(196
1),
Kapo
or
(196
7)
and
Mib
ey
& Ha
wksw
orth
(1
997)
.
R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon
Figs 32-34. Mrliob trilepisii (holotype); 32: hyphae with appressoria (+) and conidiogenous cells (his); 33: mycelial setae with furcate apices, 34: nscospores. Bar = 20 urn.
numerous, altematc to irregular, straight to bent, head cell 14-l 8 x l2- I6 pm, broadly clavatc, entire to sublobate, basal cell 8-10 x 8-10 pm, cylindric to cuneate. Corzirliog- enous cells 20-24 x 8-10 pm, numerous, mixed with appressoria, opposite to irregular. ampulliform, often bent. M~w&zZ setar I SO-2 10 x IO-I 2 pm. rather few, scattered. straight to bent, simple, 2- to 4-cristate. Ascomata 180-230 pm diam.. scattered. verrucose. Ascospores 44-50 x 16-22 pm. ellipsoidal. obtuse. constricted. 4-scptatc.
Typification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Yala Nature Reserve, Yala Nature Trail, midway between Yala river and the entrance, on leaves of Trilrpisiw?7 r,ltrdcrgrrsc,trrirtrse, 25 May 1999, R.K. Mihq (NAI - holotypc of Meliola trilepisii).
Host species: Trilepisium tnud(~Ra.Fc~clriPr?s~, DC. (Morwrcrr) Distribution: Kenya, not known elsewhere. Notes: Only four other taxa of Meliolo associated with the Moraceac have sctae
which arc branched or dentate; see Tab. 9. M. .sor~~‘~~~eue var. qfriccmu Hansf. on the same host species as M. trilepisii (under its synonym Ho.squirrr phohrrrx; Beentjc, 1994) from
Tab.
9.
Spec
ies o
f M
eliola
wi
th
bran
ched
or
den
tate
se
tae
asso
ciate
d wi
th
the
Mor
ucen
e
Beel
i ,fo
rmul
a M
ycel
ial
Sein
e Ap
pres
soria
Co
nidi
ogen
ous
cells
As
com
ata
Ascn
spor
es
Host
genu
s
chlo
roph
orue
31
33.4
221
to 26
0 x
669
pm,
straig
ht,
i- to
4-de
ntate
or &r
are
with
bra
nche
s to
10 u
rn
Somc
eae
3 131
.433
2 to
350
x 8-
9 ur
n, str
aight
or +
bent,
sc
abrid
, de
ntate
with
bra
nche
s to
18 p
m
wroc
eae
Ku.
afric
ana
3131
.532
2 to
320~
9~10
pm,
straig
ht,
apex
irr
egula
rly
denta
te,
branc
hes
to 10
pm
lrile
pisii
31
31.4
331
180P
210x
lo-
12pm
, str
aight
to be
nt,
simple
, 2-
to 4-c
ristat
e
alter
nate
(to
oppo
site)
, us
ually
str
aight,
he
ad
ceil
8-14
x
8-12
ur
n, glo
bose
to
pyrifo
rm,
stalk
3-6
urn
alter
nate,
oft
en
bent,
he
ad
cell
15-2
1 x
8-10
pm
, ob
long,
en
tire.
stalk
3-7
pm
alter
nate,
str
aight
or ?
bent,
he
ad
cell
15-2
1 x
9-14
, cla
vate
to an
gular
, sta
lk 5-
l 5
pm
alter
nate
to irr
egula
r, str
aight
to be
nt,
head
ce
ll 14
-18
x 12
-16
pm,
clava
te to
lobat
e,
stalk
S-10
pm
14-1
9 x
6-7
pm,
oppo
site
or alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
17-2
2 x
6-7
pm,
mostl
y alt
erna
te,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
18-2
5 x
8-10
pm
, op
posit
e or
alter
nate,
am
pullif
orm,
mi
xed
with
ap
pres
soria
20-2
4 x
8-l
0 pm
, op
posit
e to
irreg
ular,
ampu
llifor
m,
mixe
d wi
th
appr
esso
ria
to 1 X
0(-3
00)
pm
diam.
, vc
mcos
e
to 18
0 ur
n dia
m.,
verru
cose
to 20
0 pm
dia
m.,
verru
cose
I SO-
230
pm
44-5
0 x
16-2
2 pm
, Tr
ilepi
sium
dia
m.,
ellips
oidal,
ob
tuse,
vcrru
cose
co
nstric
ted,
4-sep
tatc
3444
x
13-1
6 pm
. ob
long,
ob
tuse,
Chlo
roph
ora
m e,
sligh
tly
cons
tricted
, z
4-se
ptate
+8 3
42-5
0 x
20-2
3 pm
, So
roce
a 0
ellips
oidal,
ob
tuse,
2 co
nstric
ted,
4-scp
tate
6. 3 46
-56
x 19
-24
pm,
Bosq
uiea
El
ob
long
to ell
ipsoid
al,
R ob
tuse,
4-se
ptate
3” 2
Data
fro
m H
ansf
ord
(196
1).
282 R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon
Uganda differs in having larger ascospores (46-56 x 19-24 pm) and appressoria (22-35 pm long). M. chlorophome Hansf. on Chlorophoru excelsa from Uganda differs in having longer hyphal cells (20-40 x 6-8 pm) and shorter ascospores (34-44 x 13-16 pm). No Meliolu has previously been reported from Kenya on a host from the Moracrar.
Acknowledgements. This study was made possible by a grant from the Darwin Initialive Programmc. administered by the UK Government’s Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, to whom we are most grateful. Much appreciation goes to the University of Nairobi Administration for facilitating field trips and laboratory space during the course of the study. We are most grateful to the Director, Kenya Wild Life Services (KWS) for kindly allowing us to work in their forests and also for providing security arrangements. We also wish to thank the Administration of the Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kenya for their kind permission to visit the government forest? where most of the study materials were obtained. Much appreciation goes to Mr George M. Kariuki, Department of Crop Protection, University of Nairobi for his technical assistance.
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