biotechnology -trendsin plant biotechnology biotechnology...
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KATEDRA SPECIÁLNÍ PRODUKCE ROSTLINNÉ září 2014
prof. Ing. Vladislav Čurn, Ph.D.University of South BohemiaFaculty of Agriculture, Biotechnological CentreNa Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, CZ
BIOTECHNOLOGY - TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology - Trends in plant biotechnologyApplication of plant biotechnology in oil seed rape breeding
Biotechnology in plant breeding (in vitro techniques)
Genomics and GMO - transgenes useful for crop improving
Cultivation of GM plants/crops
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology - “Any technique that uses living organisms(or parts of organisms) to make or modify products, to improveplants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specificuse.” All the technology connected with plant and animal life.
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology = the most innovative and fast developedscientific area.
Biotechnology is defined as the application of science andtechnology to living organisms as well as parts, productsand models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials forthe production of knowledge, goods and services.(OECD, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment)
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGIE - SOUČASNÉ TRENDY
Biotechnology
Trends in BiotechnologyMarch 2013
~1970• gene technology, production of monoclonal antibodies...
~1980• biotechnology was established as independent scientific field• biotech production of insulin
~ 2015 • massive production of recombinant proteins• ‘omics’ technologies• metabolic engineering, production of substances for chemical
and pharmaceutical industry
• diversion from the original focus on pharmaceutical/medical application :
• new focus on bioenergy, environmental biotechnology, biosensors, food and agricultural biotechnology
„golden rice“Ingo Potrykus 1999Rachel Drake 2005
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology• traditional (conventional)
food biotech (fermentation processes, production of wine,beer, cheese and bread...)application in food and chemical industry (production offood aditives, vitamines, proteins, flavourings, amino acids,pigments, starch hydrolysates, compounds for chemical andpharmaceutical industry...)
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology• modern
manipulation with living organisms, molecular biology, recombinanttechnology...
genetic engineeringcell and tissue culturescloningbionanotechnologyomics technologies - genomics, transcriptomics,
proteomics, bioinformatics
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Plant biotechnology
• plants are suitable model for biotechnolgy with manyadvantages comparing to microorganisms and animals
• plant biotechnology – not only production of GMO (biotech crops)
• many application in breeding process – plant biotechnology as important support/addition to traditional
breeding approaches– biotechnological methods and approaches became an integral part of
plant breeding
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
• Breeding methods:a) classical - conventional
(selection, hybridization/crossing, interspecific or intergeneric crossing, use of heterosis in plant breeding, mutant and polyploidy breeding)
b) biotechnological(plant organ and tissue cultures – in vitro techniques, recombinant DNA technology, cell and gene manipulation)
Biotechnological methods and approaches became anintegral part of plant breeding
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnological methods and approaches became anintegral part of plant breeding
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
1838/9 – cell theory – Schleiden, Schwann
1938/9 – first successful longterm cultivation of callus1954 – meristem cultures for production of virus-free plants1957 – Skoog and Miller – regeneration of shoots and roots
in in vitro cultures is dependent on AUX an KIN1970 – regeneration of tobacco plant from single somatic cell1970 – regeneration of tobacco plant from single protoplast1975 – new variety of rice and tobacco – DH technique1983 – artificial seed production1985 – new variety of wheat – DH technique
1996 – biotech crops...
Biotechnology in Plant Breeding and Crop Protection, X./2015
Plant organ and tissue cultures and its utilization in plant breeding
Main areas / types of cultures applied in plant breedingCrop Technique
Potatoes, garlic, strawberries, horticulture plants Production of virus free plantsWheat, barley, maize, oil seed rape, brassica vegetables, carrot, pepper Androgenesis
Potatoes, leguminous plants, fruit trees Micropropagation
Wheat, barely, leguminous plants, grasses Embryocultures - interspecific and intergeneric breeding
Onion, sugar beet Gynogenesis
Potatoes, grasses Polyploidisation in vitro
Potatoes, oil seed rape Somatic hybridisation
Potatoes, pea In vitro selection of disease resistant plants
Plant biotechnology
• application areas in plant breeding and benefits ofbiotechnological approaches:– production of new varieties and crops (overcoming of
breeding barriers using embryo cultures)– acceleration of breeding process– production of highly homozygous varieties
(production of haploids/doubled haploid lines)– elimination of viruses and production of virus-free
plants– fast propogation of plant material (micropropagation
in vitro)
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Plant biotechnology
– long term conservation of genetic resources– source of new variation, somaclonal variation,
selection and mutatuion in vitro– production of plant secondary metabolites– new methods of selection – genotypic selection,
MAS– production of novel plants/plants with newly
introduced genes
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Plant biotechnology
• new areas of application:– cisgenic plants (cisgenesis)– GM rootstock– molecular pharming (biopharmaceuticals, plant-
made pharmaceuticals)
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGIE - SOUČASNÉ TRENDY
BIOTECHNOLOGIE - SOUČASNÉ TRENDY
KATEDRA SPECIÁLNÍ PRODUKCE ROSTLINNÉ září 2014
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY IN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
prof. Ing. Vladislav Čurn, Ph.D.University of South BohemiaFaculty of Agriculture, Biotechnological CentreNa Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, CZ
Friedt, 2013
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Genetic research:• genome and transcriptome sequencing
Bancroft, 2014
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Genetic research:• genetic mapping, QTL identification
Friedt, 2013
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Genetic research:• genetic mapping, QTL identification
potential markers for breeding
Friedt, 2013
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Genetic research:• TILLING
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Genetic research:• application of molecular markers in selection
Desired trait Marker typeGenetic distance SSR, SNP, DArTMSL – detection of sterile/fertile plants
InDel, SNP, SSR
Ogu – detection of fertility restorers
SNP, InDel, SSR
Dwarf morphotype SNPMK – HiOl/LowLi SNPResistance – Phoma SSR, InDelResistance – Plasmodiophora SSRClearfield HT SNP
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Genetic research:• biotechnology – production of double
haploids and resynthetised genotypes
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Induction of haploid regeneration – androgenesis in vitro
Androgenesis in B. napus – regeneration of haploid embryos from in microspore culture and production of fertile DH plants
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
polyploidization of haploid embryos during in vitro cultivation
sterile haploid plant
Induction of haploid regeneration – androgenesis in vitro
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Protoplast fusion as technique for overcoming breeding barriers and production somatic hybrids (B. rapa x B. oleracea – resynthesis of oil seed rape)
Protoplast fusion
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Embryo rescue and cultivation of immaturezygotic embroys after interspecific orintergeneric crossingB. rapa x B. oleracea
Embryo cultures and protoplast fusion
B. rapa B. napus B. oleracea
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Genetic research:• hexaploid rape
Producing inter-specific hybrids between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss and B. oleracea (L.) to synthesize trigenomic (ABC) Brassica
Successful induction of trigenomic hexaploids from triploid hybrid of Brassica napusL. and B. nigra (L.) Koch
Breeding “Super Brassica” cultivars at hexaploid level
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING
Hybrid rape breeding:
APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLGYIN OIL SEED RAPE BREEDING