biotechnology biotechnology is the combination of technology and biological sciences. 1. selective...
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BiotechnologyBiotechnology is the combination of technology and biological sciences.
1. Selective breeding Resources:•Inbreeding Biology (Prentice Hall)•Hybridization Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering
Pages 319 to 3362. Genetic Engineering
•Electrophoresis Gel www.mrsoto2012.wikispaces.com•DNA fingerprint•Cloning•Genetically Modified Organisms
3. What do you have to know?
Name of the technique
Brief description of what is involved in the technique
One specific example of how this technique has been used
How humans have benefited from that technique?
What are the concerns?
Selective Breeding
choosy discriminating
reproduction
procreation crossing
mating
Definitions of breeding:
• Producing offspring by the selection of parents• Giving birth to young• Reproduce
In context• Rabbits breed quickly• Breeding dogs and raising puppies can be an extremely rewarding experience or it may produce frustration and failure.
Goal: Understand the meaning of “Selective Breeding”New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Selecting Breeding
1. Examine apples of different varieties2. Record the color, shape, size, taste.3. Circle the most desirable traits for an apple you would like to grow4. How could you produce an apple that has the best traits of all 5 varieties?5. Most apple trees do not produce fruit until they are about 15 years old. How could you use your knowledge of DNA to
produce a new variety of apple more quickly
Sweet Tart Juicy Sour Crunchy
Red delicious Machintosh Granny Smith Gala Wild apple
Type
Color
Shape
Size
Taste
Red delicious Macintosh Granny Smith Gala Wild apple
red green yellow green Yellow
round round round round Flat
medium big small big Very small
sweet tart juicy sour crunchy
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/
Selective Breeding•The breeding of animals or plants that have desirable characteristics
•Breeding an organism that has a desirable trait with another so that the desirable trait is passed to the next generation.
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/select.html
InbreedingInbreeding is the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics.
Goal: Understand the Process of InbreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Goal: Understand the Process of InbreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
HybridizationHybridization is the crossing dissimilar individuals to bring togetherthe best of both organisms.
Donkey Horse Mule
Zeedonk
Goal: Understand the Process of HybridizationNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
•Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey.
•Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Mule and hinny are examples of reciprocal hybrids.
•Zeedonk or Zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross.
•Zorse, a zebra/horse cross
•Beefalo, a cross of an American bison and a domestic cow. This is a fertile breed.
•Zubron, a hybrid between wisent (European bison) and domestic cow.
•Ligers and Tiglons (crosses between a lion and a tiger) and other Panthera hybrids such as the lijagulep.
Example of Hybrids
Goal: Understand the Process of HybridizationNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
which crosses
consists of
Selective Breeding
for example
Inbreeding
Hybridization
Similar organisms
Dissimilar organisms
for example
Organism breed A
Organism breed A
Organism breed B
Retains desired characteristics
Combines desired characteristics
which
which crosses
which
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
which crosses
consists of
Selective Breeding
for example
Inbreeding Hybridization
Similar organisms
Dissimilar organismsfor
example
Organism breed A
Organism breed A
Organism breed B
Retains desired characteristics
Combines desired characteristics
which
which crosses
which
Section 13-1
Concept MapGoal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
DO NOW: Fill the blanks with the words: hybridization or inbreeding
a) Crossing individuals with different traits is called ________________________
b) Breeding individuals with similar characteristics is called __________________
c) Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
___________________________
a) The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics_____________
hybridization
inbreeding
hybridization
inbreeding
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
4. To produce large tomatoes that are resistant to cracking and
splitting, some seed companies use the pollen from one variety of
tomato plant to fertilize a different variety of tomato plant. This
process is an example of _________________________________
5. White short-horned cattle and Black Angus cattle have been
crossed to produce offspring with superior beef and rapid growth
qualities. This process of choosing organisms with the most
desirable traits for mating is known as _______________________
Selective breeding (Hybridization)
Selective breeding (Hybridization)
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Name of the technique
Brief description of what is involved in the technique
One specific example of how this technique has been used
The breeding of animals or plants that have similar characteristics
Crossing dissimilar organisms to combine the best of both
Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey
Breeding of dogs or horses
Inbreeding Hybridization
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Name of the technique
Inbreeding Hybridization
What are the benefits?
What are the concern?
To preserve traits that make each breed unique
To obtain a new organism with the best of both parents
Offspring may not retain unique features (those features breeders are interested in)
•Lack of variation: Most of the members of a breed are genetically similar
•Diseases spread easily in the cloned population
•Offspring may suffer from a number of genetic defects and diseases: blindness, joint deformities,…
For many years, humans have used a variety of techniques that have influenced the genetic makeup of organisms. These techniques have led to the production of new varieties of organisms that possess characteristics that are useful to humans.Identify one technique presently being used to alter the genetic makeup of an organism, and explain how humans can benefit from this change.
Your answer must include at least:(1) the name of the technique used to alter the genetic makeup(2) a brief description of what is involved in this technique(3) one specific example of how this technique has been used(4) a statement of how humans have benefited from the production of this new variety of organism
Technique Description ExampleHow humans have benefit from these
technique
Inbreeding Reproduction of individuals with similar traits
Breeding Dogs or horsesTo obtain a desired line of organisms
Hybridization Crossing dissimilar organisms to combine the best of both
Cross disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another.
To obtain plants and animals farmers need to increase food production
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective BreedingNew Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating