biotechnological techniques for solving industrial problems
TRANSCRIPT
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Biotechnological techniques for solving industrial problems
COMSATS institute of information technology, Abbottabad
Zohaib Hussain (sp13-bty-001)
DR. Humaira
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Sustainable industry Industry is sustainable
• It meets the needs and demands of the present
• Without compromising the future
Ethical
Economical Compatible
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Renewable EnergyModern biotechnology in the production of biofuel –
bioethanol
• Rising oil prices,
• Decrease fossil fuel reserves
• Climate change due to increasing CO2 levels.
Biomass, and bio-based fuels in particular have received
wide attention recently.
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Bioethanol Bioethanol is the product of a fermentation process
In EU wheat, sugar beet and grapes.
R&D efforts
• Alternative source of raw materials,
• Sugar cane is used. (No Enzyme)
• The enzymes recombinant amylases
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World Fuel Ethanol ProductionCountry Millions of Gallons
United States 14,806
Brazil 7,093
European Union 1,387
China 813
Canada 436
Thailand 334
Argentina 211
India 211
Rest of World 391
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A Decade of Carbon reductionsRenewable Fuel Standard
Reduced U.S. transportation-related carbon
emissions by 589.33 million metric tons.
• RFS1 and RFS2 programs
• Alternative to petroleum fuels
• Reduced reliance on foreign oil
• Decreased carbon emissions
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Pulp or Paper industry • Wood contains esters of fatty acids (‘pitch’)
• These substances are usually removed using chemicals.
• lipases can be used in mechanical pulps to reduce pitch
problems.
• Enzyme aided removal of fines and polysaccharides on
fibres.
• To improve the drainage of water.
• Increasing the efficiency of pressing
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Paper industry Problems are
• Produces emissions to air and water as well as solid
waste as a by-product.
• Air pollutants are NOx, SO2 , CO, CO2 and
particulate matter.
• High biological and chemical oxygen demand
(BOD and COD).
• Chlorine emissions
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Paper industry • Cellulose sourced from wood
• Xylanases major enzyme.
• Used in the pulp bleaching process to enhance the
extractability of lignin.
• 20 mills throughout Scandinavia, North America and
Russia,
• 10% of kraft pulp is manufactured using xylanase
treatment
• cost savings of 5%-6%.
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Paper industry • Pectinases in raw material treatment or
cellulases. • lipases. • Cellulases and hemi-cellulases can be used in
enzyme-aided deinking.
Note: • These process is already used in mills but is
not yet widespread.
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Outcomes • Reduces use of elemental chlorine by 90%.
• AOX content in wastewater streams by 15%-20%.
• Reduce energy use by about 32%
• Greenhouse gas emission savings are around 5%.
• The use of enzymes in de-inking and pitch control
• less use of additives
• surface-active chemicals, and other chemicals.
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Textile industry • EU comprises about 70,000 companies, 8% of the
worldwide enzyme market. • Energy and water-intensive processes. • Wastewater streams pollutant. • In textile wetting, 100 litres/kilogram of textile
fabric. • Require high temperatures• Cleaning, bleaching, dying and others• Finishing processes generate a variety of
pollutants.
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Textile industry • Cellulases are also used in the finishing of denim
garments
• To create a washed out appearance by replacing the
stone wash process by “biostoning”.
• This process was applied to 80% of jeans trousers in the
1990s.
• Cellulases account for about 2/3 of textile enzyme sales
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Food industry • Biotechnology in food production has a long
history
• In beer, wine, bread and cheese production.
• The significance of modern biotechnology in food
processing
• By the large share of food enzymes in the enzyme
market: 30%-45%.
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Food industry 1960s, all glucose production based on starch
Change to enzymatic rather than acid hydrolysis,
• Reducing steam cost by 30%
• Ash by 50%
• By-products by 90%
Amylases, proteases and xylanases
Important roles in baking, cheese production, sweetener
production and other food production processes.
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Food industry Enzymes to improve the production processes and
the product quality.
In juice production application of pectinases,
amylases and proteases.
• Naturally in the fruit ripening process.
• Helps to soften the fruit cell walls
• To reduce the viscosity of the material.
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Food Industry
This results in
• Increased juice yield (fruits 15%-20%).
• Decreased filtration times, up to 50%.
• Clarification and cloud stabilization of juice and juice
concentrates
• Decreased risk of jellification
• Gene silencing
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Bakers industry
• The Federation of Bakers represents the interests of the UK’s largest baking companies
• It is a £3.5 billion industry at retail sales value • Employing 20,000 people supplying the
majority of the nation’s bread. • The Federation has 9 member companies
running 33 bakeries in the United Kingdom.
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• Potassium bromate, a suspected cancer causing agent at certain levels.
• Added as a preservative and a dough strengthening agent.
• Genetically enhanced microorganisms produces baking enzymes to
• Enhance rising Strengthen dough. • Prolong freshness • Reduces CO2 emissions in grain production, milling
and baking and transportation
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Cosmetics Industry
• Mineral oil and petroleum jelly from fossil
sources used as ingredients
• High toxicity products and byproducts
• No therapeutic values
• Irritation
• Contains carcinogens
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Cosmeceutical Cosmeceutical refers to cosmetic
products that claim to have drug-like benefits. • Typically, anti-aging creams and moisturizers
enjoy the label. • How much some people are willing to spend to
maintain a youthful glow is Crème de La Mer. • It costs $100 per day. • Collagen production and antioxidants.• Artificial skin
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Biopolymer (natural Plastic)
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Other industries • Mining industry • Forestry industry • Timber industry • Pharmaceutical industry • Waste recycling industry • Agriculture industry • Packaging industry
Etc
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References • https://www.bio.org/sites/default/files/ConsumerProducts060409.pdf• http://biotech-careers.org/job-areas/cosmetics• https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=(such+as+NatureWorks
%E2%80%99+Ingeo&oq=(such+as+NatureWorks%E2%80%99+Ingeo+&aqs=chrome..69i57.939j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=such+as+NatureWorks%E2%80%99+Ingeo
• http://www.natureworksllc.com/News-and-Events/Press-Releases/2015/07-22-15-Ingeo-Biopolymer-Life-Cycle-Assessment
• http://www.biocom.iastate.edu/workshop/2012workshop/presentations/bopp.pdf
• https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=industrial+biotechnology&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEyfe-utfLAhUiCpoKHXPwAeEQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=pnK2lsD2FRLEAM%3A
• http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/4324/microbial-transformation-of-natural-products
• http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00075/full
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• https://www.bio.org/category/biopharmaceutical-manufacturing-distribution• https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/jrc_reference_report_200704_biotech.pdf• http://www.biotechonweb.com/Application-of-biotech-in-Agriculture.html• http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/bio-3.pdf• https://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/agricultural_biotechnology/download/
Agricultural_Biotechnology.pdf• file:///C:/Users/worldlinks/Desktop/9783540233121-c1.pdf• https://www.bio.org/sites/default/files/pollutionprevn.pdf• https://www.google.com.pk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-
8#q=biotech%20in%20sloving%20problems%20of%20paper%20industry• http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/BFb0102079#page-1• http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2FBFb0102070• http://www.tappsa.co.za/archive/Journal_papers/Applications_of_biotechnology/
applications_of_biotechnology.html• https://www.google.com.pk/search?
q=biostoning&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrvKbRydfLAhXiYpoKHSK3C9wQ_AUIBigB&dpr=1#imgrc=_
• http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotech/1947629.pdf• http://www.slideshare.net/KodyAmburgey/biotechnology-industry-analysis• chrome://newtab/
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Thanks to all who say “No” to me because of them I did it myself. Khan