Lipid Biosynthesis

Synthesis of fatty acids differs from fatty acid oxidation in several aspects:SynthesisOxidation1. CytosolMitochondrial matrix2.Carrier: ACPCarrier: CoA3.Precursor: malonylProduct: acetyl

KAS II: 3-ketoacyl ACP synthase

Fatty acid synthesis in bacteria

Fatty acid synthesis in mammalian cells

Citrate transport system

Citrate transport system generates acetyl-CoA and NADPH in the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis

Synthesis of glycerophospholipids

Synthesis of steroids

Figure 16.3Synthesis of malonyl ACP from malonyl CoA and acetyl ACP from acetyl CoA.Figure 16.2Carboxylation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA, catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.Figure 16.1Outline of fatty acid synthesis. (a) Initiation stage. (b) Elongation stage.Figure 16.1Outline of fatty acid synthesis. (a) Initiation stage. (b) Elongation stage.Figure 16.4Synthesis of acetoacetyl ACP in bacteria.Figure 16.5The elongation stage of fatty acid synthesis. R represents CH3 in acetoacetyl ACP or [CH2CH2]nCH3 in other 3-ketoacyl ACP molecules.