biosafetymodule f14 update
DESCRIPTION
biosafetyTRANSCRIPT
Northern Michigan UniversityBiology Department
Biology Laboratory Safety
Biohazard Safety Module
This presentation is designed as a training course for those students who will be intentionally working with Biohazardous materials
Biohazards are defined as those materials or organisms that carry the possibility of causing disease
Recombinant DNA
Artificial Gene Transfer
Infectious Agents (includes attenuated lab & vaccine strains)
Biologically Derived Toxins
The NMU Institutional Biological Safety Committee oversees research and teaching that deals with…
Biohazardous Agents by Risk Groups (RG)
Agents: any infectious entity or any molecule produced by them capable of producing disease in humans
At NMU, we are approved to work with RG1 and RG2 agents for research purposes. However, students could be exposed to RG3 agents from the environment.
RG1 Agents that are not associated with disease in healthy adult humans
RG2 Agents associated with human disease that is rarely serious or forwhich preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available
RG3 Agents that are associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available. The agent is of low risk for the community
RG4 Agents that are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available. The agent is of low risk for the community.
Selected agents
Examples of pathogens and toxins
E. coli nonpathogenic laboratory strainsSaccharomyces cereviseaeBacteriophages
RG1 group
RG2 group
E. coli, pathogenic strainsInfluenza virusPseudomonas aeruginosa
Examples of pathogens and toxins
Human immunodeficiency virusHistoplasma capsulatumMycobacterium tuberculosis
RG3 group
RG4 group
Ebola virusMarburg virus
Routes of transmission of infectious agents in the lab setting:
Oral Ingestion Eating, drinking, smoking Broken skin Needle-stick Cuts Scratches Bites
Mucosa Splash of liquids Handling eye contact lenses Applying make-up
Upper respiratory tract Inhalation of aerosols
Oral Ingestion
It can take fewer than 10 E. coli O157 H7 to infect a human!
NO drinking or eating in the lab!
International Biohazard Symbol
Universal Symbol
Communicates potential exposure
Red or orange
Any container with biohazard potential must be labeled with this symbol
Needles and syringes, scalpels, blades, broken glass, etc.
Glassware exposed to an infectious agent such as Pasteur pipettes, glass containers, etc.
Broken skin
SHARPS
Take care when dealing with…
Any potentially contaminated sharp should be disposed of in a Biohazard Sharps container
Sharp Containers for Biohazards
Sharp containers are red, display the International Biohazard Symbol are labeled Medical Waste or Infectious Waste are puncture proof
Mucosa Exposure Routes
Good safety practice!!
No!
Make-up
Contact lenses
Opening tubes CentrifugationFlaming to sterilize toolsVortexingPipettingElectroporationSonicationFlow cytometry
REMEMBER: An agent that is not normally airborne transmitted can be transmitted in the lab by aerosols
Upper respiratory tract exposure methods
Some activities that generate aerosols – take care!
Blood and Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM)
Follow "Universal Precautions" all human blood and certain human body fluids are
treated as if known to be infectious
Other Potential Sources of Infection
Environmental Samples: soil, plants, water samples, animals, etc.
Follow “NMU Precautions“all environmental samples are treated as potential
health hazards
Primary containment: protection of people & immediate laboratory environment
Containment of Biohazard Agents
The purpose of containment is to reduce or eliminate exposure of laboratory workers & the outside environment to hazardous agents
Secondary containment : protection of external environment
It is achieved by the use of Good Microbiological Techniques Safety Equipment
It is achieved by the use of Facility Design
Operational Practices
Primary containment
Protection of people and the immediate laboratory environment
Good Microbiological Techniques
Use proper Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers):
Engineering controls designed to remove or minimize exposures to hazardous biological materials: safety centrifuge cups, biological safety cabinets, etc.
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE): gloves, lab coats, goggles, face shields, etc.
BSCs type II: protect workers when used in combination with good microbiological techniques, & prevents external contamination by materials being manipulated inside cabinet
Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs) type II
Safety Equipment
Maintain constant air curtain
Minimize movements in/out
No Burners inside the BSC
Disinfect working surface and interior
Avoid clutter, keep grille clean
UV lamps will be used with care and only for 30 min.
Do not use volatile chemicals inside the BSC
Certify performance annually (We annually certify our BSC at NMU)
Proper use of Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs)
Secondary containment Protection of external environment
Facility Design
Contributes to the protection of people working in labs
Provides a barrier to protect persons outside the labs
Protects persons or animals in the community
Operational Practices
Determined by Risk Group of biohazard agents
RISK GROUP 1
Agents not associated with disease in healthy adult humans
Primary Barriers No safety equipment required
Secondary Barriers Open bench and sink
BioSafety Level 1 (BSL-1)
• Limited laboratory access unless responsible permits• No eating, drinking, applying makeup, etc.• No mouth pipetting• Safe handling of sharps• Safety glasses • Lab coats (must stay in the lab until washed)• Hand washing using antimicrobial soap• Decontaminate spills, cultures and waste
Good Microbiological Practices for BSL-1
CDC guidelines for BSL 1 labs“Access to the laboratory is limited or restricted at the discretion of the laboratory director when experiments or work with cultures or specimens is in progress.”
Handwashing with soap and water remains a sensible strategy for hand hygiene in non-health care settings Hand Hygiene Guidelines Fact Sheet , CDC
Hand washing for Safety
Twenty seconds of vigorous washing with soap and water
Method:
When:After lab section or as often as needed
Disinfection Practices
When?Before and after lab experimentTo decontaminate spills
How?Add disinfectant and wipe with a paper towel
In the case of a spill, apply disinfectant around the spilland wipe with the paper towel from the periphery to the center
Discard paper towels in the biohazard bag
Good Laboratory Practices of BSL-1 plus…
Limited access
Biohazard warning signs
'Sharps' precautions
Biosafety manual defining any needed
waste decontamination
RISK GROUP 2
Agents associated with human disease that is rarely serious or for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available
BioSafety Level 2 (BSL-2)
Into biohazard bags:• All cultures and biological fluids• All contaminated glass• All needles & syringes• All other potential biohazard material
Filled biohazard bags are autoclaved for 40 min. at 121oC & 15 lbs/in2
After biohazard bags and cardboards are autoclaved, they are bagged in black plastic bags
Procedures for disposal of Biohazards
Autoclave Guidelines
Equipment must continuously monitor & record temperature & pressure during entire length of each cycle.
Temperature-sensitive tape must be affixed to each bag or
container. Effectiveness must be evaluated under a full load at least once
every 40 hours of operation
Each bag must be exposed to a minimum of:– 121 degrees Celsius– 15 pounds of pressure per square inch– At least 30 minutes time AT THESE CONDITIONS
Autoclave Recordkeeping
A written log shall be maintained for each unit & shall contain the following:– Date, time, duration, & operator of each cycle– Approximate weight/volume of medical waste treated during
each cycle– Temperature & pressure maintained during each cycle– Method utilized for confirmation of temperature & pressure– Dates & results of calibration & maintenance
Written log record must be retained for three years
You always have the right to ask questions, or report hazards, either directly or anonymously without any fear of reprisal to…
Your lab instructor and/or the course instructor
Biology Department Head and Chemical Hygiene Officer – Dr. John Rebers ([email protected])
Public Safety (227-2151)
Right to Know Policy
Next…
• Please complete the PRESENTATION REVIEW ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• Then complete the QUIZ that follows the confirmation
• You must achieve a perfect score on the quiz to successfully complete your safety training. You may retake the quiz as many times as necessary.
• Failure to complete your safety training will result in your exclusion from the laboratory portion of your course
After the quiz…
• Remember to complete any additional Safety Training modules that are required for your course.